($RCSfile: noun.body,v $ $Revision: 9.0 $ $Date: 2011/02/06 21:16:42 $ $Name:  $ $State: Rel $)
(Copyright (c) 1988-2011 by Princeton University)

(noun.body)

{ [ body, adj.all:corporeal^bodily,+ adj.pert:bodily1,+ ] organic_structure, noun.Tops:natural_object,@ noun.Tops:animal,;c noun.animal:human,;c (the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being); "he felt as if his whole body were on fire") }
{ life_form, body,@ (the characteristic bodily form of a mature organism) }
{ human_body, physical_body, material_body, soma, build, figure, physique, [ anatomy, adj.pert:anatomic,+ noun.person:anatomist,+ adj.pert:anatomical,+ ] shape, bod, chassis, frame1, form, flesh1, body,@ noun.Tops:person,#p noun.animal:human_being,#p (alternative names for the body of a human being; "Leonardo studied the human body"; "he has a strong physique"; "the spirit is willing but the flesh is weak") }
{ [ person, verb.stative:personify1,+ verb.cognition:personify,+ ] human_body,@ (a human body (usually including the clothing); "a weapon was hidden on his person") }
{ [ body2, verb.stative:body,+ ] dead_body, noun.Tops:natural_object,@ (a natural object consisting of a dead animal or person; "they found the body in the lake") }
{ [ cadaver, adj.pert:cadaverous,+ adj.pert:cadaveric,+ ] corpse, [ stiff, noun.communication:slang,;u ] clay, remains, dead_body,@ (the dead body of a human being; "the cadaver was intended for dissection"; "the end of the police search was the discovery of a corpse"; "the murderer confessed that he threw the stiff in the river"; "honor comes to bless the turf that wraps their clay") }
{ cremains, cadaver,@ (the remains of a dead body after cremation) }
{ [ mummy, verb.possession:mummify,+ verb.change:mummify,+ ] dead_body,@ (a body embalmed and dried and wrapped for burial (as in ancient Egypt)) }
{ live_body, body,@ (the body of a living animal or person) }
{ apparatus, body_part,@ noun.cognition:anatomy,;c ((anatomy) a group of body parts that work together to perform a given function; "the breathing apparatus") }
{ system1, live_body,@ (the living body considered as made up of interdependent components forming a unified whole; "exercise helped him get the alcohol out of his system") }
{ juvenile_body, human_body,@ noun.person:juvenile,#p (the body of a young person) }
{ child's_body, juvenile_body,@ noun.person:child,#p (the body of a human child) }
{ adult_body, human_body,@ noun.person:adult,#p (the body of an adult human being) }
{ male_body, human_body,@ noun.person:male,#p (the body of a male human being) }
{ female_body, human_body,@ noun.person:female,#p (the body of a female human being) }
{ adult_female_body, woman's_body, adult_body,@ female_body,@ noun.person:woman,#p (the body of an adult woman) }
{ adult_male_body, man's_body, adult_body,@ male_body,@ noun.person:man,#p (the body of an adult man) }
{ body_part, noun.object:part,@ noun.cognition:anatomy,;c noun.Tops:organism,#p (any part of an organism such as an organ or extremity) }
{ corpus, noun.object:part,@ body_part,#p (the main part of an organ or other bodily structure) }
{ [ adnexa, adj.pert:adnexal,+ adj.pert:annexal,+ ] annexa, body_part,@ (accessory or adjoining anatomical parts or appendages to an organ (especially of the embryo); "Fallopian tubes and ovaries are adnexa of the uterus") }
{ area, region, body_part,@ (a part of an animal that has a special function or is supplied by a given artery or nerve; "in the abdominal region") }
{ [ dilator, verb.change:dilate1,+ ] body_part,@ (a muscle or nerve that dilates or widens a body part) }
{ [ groove, verb.contact:groove,+ ] vallecula, body_part,@ noun.cognition:anatomy,;c ((anatomy) any furrow or channel on a bodily structure or part) }
{ partition, body_part,@ noun.cognition:anatomy,;c ((anatomy) a structure that separates areas in an organism) }
{ [ septum, adj.pert:septal,+ ] partition,@ noun.cognition:anatomy,;c ((anatomy) a dividing partition between two tissues or cavities) }
{ nasal_septum, septum,@ (a partition of bone and cartilage between the nasal cavities) }
{ costal_groove, groove,@ (groove between the ribs where the nerves and blood vessels are) }
{ fissure, groove,@ noun.cognition:anatomy,;c ((anatomy) a long narrow slit or groove that divides an organ into lobes) }
{ sulcus, fissure,@ noun.cognition:anatomy,;c ((anatomy) any of the narrow grooves in an organ or tissue especially those that mark the convolutions on the surface of the brain) }
{ fissure_of_Rolando, Rolando's_fissure, central_sulcus, sulcus_centralis, sulcus,@ cerebrum,#p (a brain fissure extending upward on the lateral surface of both hemispheres; separates the frontal and parietal lobes) }
{ fissure_of_Sylvius, Sylvian_fissure, lateral_cerebral_sulcus, sulcus_lateralis_cerebri, sulcus,@ cerebrum,#p (the deepest and most prominent of the cortical fissures; separates the frontal lobes and temporal lobes in both hemispheres) }
{ parieto-occipital_sulcus, parieto-occipital_fissure, sulcus,@ (a sulcus near the posterior end of each hemisphere that separates the parietal lobes and the occipital lobes in both hemispheres) }
{ calcarine_sulcus, calcarine_fissure, sulcus,@ occipital_lobe,#p (a sulcus in the mesial surface of the occipital lobe of the cerebrum) }
{ hilus, [ hilum, adj.pert:hilar,+ ] fissure,@ noun.cognition:anatomy,;c ((anatomy) a depression or fissure where vessels or nerves or ducts enter a bodily organ; "the hilus of the kidney") }
{ erogenous_zone, area,@ (any area of the body especially sensitive to sexual stimulation) }
{ external_body_part, body_part,@ (any body part visible externally) }
{ [ arthromere, adj.pert:arthromeric,+ ] external_body_part,@ noun.animal:arthropod,#p (any of the segments in the body of a jointed animal like an arthropod) }
{ structure, anatomical_structure, complex_body_part, bodily_structure, body_structure, body_part,@ (a particular complex anatomical part of a living thing and its construction and arrangement; "he has good bone structure") }
{ birth_canal, passage,@ (a passage in the uterus and vagina through which a fetus passes during vaginal birth) }
{ [ bulb1, adj.all:protrusive^bulbous,+ ] structure,@ (a rounded dilation or expansion in a canal or vessel or organ) }
{ carina, structure,@ (any of various keel-shaped structures or ridges such as that on the breastbone of a bird or that formed by the fused petals of a pea blossom) }
{ carina_fornicis, carina,@ fornix,#p (ridge on the lower surface of the fornix of the brain) }
{ fornix, trigonum_cerebrale, fiber_bundle,@ limbic_system,#p (an arched bundle of white fibers at the base of the brain by which the hippocampus of each hemisphere projects to the contralateral hippocampus and to the thalamus and mamillary bodies) }
{ fornix1, body_part,@ (generally any arch shaped structure (but often it refers to the arched roof of an anatomical space)) }
{ mamillary_body, mammillary_body, corpus_mamillare, neural_structure,@ diencephalon,#p (one of two small round structures on the undersurface of the brain that form the terminals of the anterior arches of the fornix) }
{ [ cauda, adj.all:caudate^caudal,+ adj.pert:caudal,+ ] structure,@ (any taillike structure) }
{ keel, carina,@ noun.animal:carinate_bird,#p (the median ridge on the breastbone of birds that fly) }
{ chiasma, [ chiasm, adj.pert:chiasmal,+ adj.pert:chiasmic,+ adj.pert:chiasmatic,+ ] [ decussation, verb.motion:decussate1,+ ] structure,@ (an intersection or crossing of two tracts in the form of the letter X) }
{ cingulum, structure,@ noun.cognition:anatomy,;c ((anatomy) an encircling structure (as the ridge around the base of a tooth)) }
{ optic_chiasma, optic_chiasm, chiasma_opticum, chiasma,@ (the crossing of the optic nerves from the two eyes at the base of the brain) }
{ optic_radiation, radiatio_optica, nerve_pathway,@ (a nerve pathway from the lateral geniculate body to the visual cortex) }
{ concha, structure,@ noun.cognition:anatomy,;c ((anatomy) a structure that resembles a shell in shape) }
{ nasal_concha, turbinate_bone,@ concha,@ (one of several turbinate bones in the nasal cavity) }
{ filament, [ filum, adj.pert:filar,+ ] structure,@ (a threadlike structure (as a chainlike series of cells)) }
{ fiber, fibre, noun.Tops:cell,@ (any of several elongated, threadlike cells (especially a muscle fiber or a nerve fiber)) }
{ [ germ, verb.change:germinate,+ ] structure,@ (a small apparently simple structure (as a fertilized egg) from which new tissue can develop into a complete organism) }
{ infundibulum, structure,@ diencephalon,#p (any of various funnel-shaped parts of the body (but especially the hypophyseal stalk)) }
{ [ interstice, adj.pert:interstitial,+ ] structure,@ (a small structural space between tissues or parts of an organ; "the interstices of a network") }
{ landmark, structure,@ noun.cognition:surgery,;c (an anatomical structure used as a point of origin in locating other anatomical structures (as in surgery) or as point from which measurements can be taken) }
{ craniometric_point, landmark,@ skull,#p (a landmark on the skull from which craniometric measurements can be taken) }
{ acanthion, craniometric_point,@ (the craniometric point at the anterior extremity of the intermaxillary suture) }
{ asterion, craniometric_point,@ cranium,#p (the craniometric point at the junction of the lamboid suture and the occipitomastoid suture and the parietomastoid suture) }
{ auriculare, auricular_point, craniometric_point,@ auditory_meatus,#p (the craniometric point at the center of the opening of the external acoustic meatus) }
{ [ bregma, adj.pert:bregmatic,+ ] craniometric_point,@ (the craniometric point at the junction of the sagittal and coronal sutures at the top of the cranium) }
{ condylion, craniometric_point,@ ramus,#p (the craniometric point at the tip of the mandibular condyle) }
{ coronion, craniometric_point,@ coronoid_process_of_the_mandible,#p (the craniometric point at the tip of the coronoid process of the mandible) }
{ crotaphion, craniometric_point,@ sphenoid_bone,#p (the tip of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone) }
{ dacryon, craniometric_point,@ (the craniometric point at the junction of the anterior border of the lacrimal bone with the frontal bone) }
{ entomion, craniometric_point,@ parietal_bone,#p (the craniometric point at the tip of the angular part of the parietal bone that articulates with the temporal bone) }
{ glabella, mesophyron, craniometric_point,@ frontal_bone,#p (a smooth prominence of the frontal bone between and above the eyebrows; the most forward projecting point of the forehead in the midline at the level of the supraorbital ridges) }
{ gnathion, craniometric_point,@ mandible,#p (the most inferior point of the mandible in the midline) }
{ gonion, craniometric_point,@ mandible,#p (the craniometric point on either side at the apex of the lower jaw) }
{ inion, craniometric_point,@ occipital_bone,#p (the craniometric point that is the most prominent point at the back of the head (at the occipital protuberance)) }
{ jugale, jugal_point, craniometric_point,@ cheekbone,#p (the craniometric point at the union of the frontal and temporal processes of the zygomatic bone) }
{ lambda, craniometric_point,@ (the craniometric point at the junction of the sagittal and lamboid sutures of the skull) }
{ mandibular_notch, noun.shape:incisure,@ mandible,#p (small indentation in the middle of the lower jawbone) }
{ mastoidale, craniometric_point,@ mastoid,#p (the craniometric point at the lowest point of the mastoid process) }
{ metopion, craniometric_point,@ frontal_bone,#p (the craniometric point midway between the frontal eminences of the skull) }
{ nasion, craniometric_point,@ (the craniometric point at the bridge of the nose where the frontal and nasal bones of the skull meet) }
{ obelion, craniometric_point,@ (the craniometric point on the sagittal suture near the lamboid suture) }
{ ophryon, craniometric_point,@ frontal_bone,#p (the craniometric point in the midline of the forehead immediately above the orbits) }
{ orbitale, orbital_point, craniometric_point,@ (the craniometric point at the lowest point on the lower edge of the orbit) }
{ pogonion, craniometric_point,@ mandible,#p (the craniometric point that is the most forward-projecting point on the anterior surface of the chin) }
{ prosthion, prostheon, alveolar_point, craniometric_point,@ (craniometric point that is the most anterior point in the midline on the alveolar process of the maxilla) }
{ pterion, craniometric_point,@ (the craniometric point in the region of the sphenoid fontanelle) }
{ rhinion, craniometric_point,@ nasal_bone,#p (the anterior tip at the end of the suture of the nasal bones) }
{ sphenion, craniometric_point,@ parietal_bone,#p (the anterior tip of the parietal bone) }
{ stephanion, craniometric_point,@ cranium,#p (the craniometric point on the coronal suture above the acoustic meatus) }
{ symphysion, craniometric_point,@ mandible,#p (the most forward point of the alveolar process of the mandible) }
{ limbus, structure,@ (a border or edge of any of various body parts distinguished by color or structure) }
{ rib2, structure,@ (a riblike supporting or strengthening part of an animal or plant) }
{ blade, structure,@ (a broad flat body part (as of the shoulder or tongue)) }
{ radicle, structure,@ nerve,#p noun.cognition:anatomy,;c ((anatomy) a small structure resembling a rootlet (such as a fibril of a nerve)) }

{ plexus, rete, structure,@ (a network of intersecting blood vessels or intersecting nerves or intersecting lymph vessels) }
{ aortic_plexus, plexus,@ (a plexus of lymph nodes in the lower portion of the abdominal aorta) }
{ autonomic_plexus, plexus_autonomici, nerve_plexus,@ (a plexus of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve fibers) }
{ nerve_plexus, plexus,@ (a network of intersecting nerves) }
{ system, body_part,@ (a group of physiologically or anatomically related organs or parts; "the body has a system of organs for digestion") }
{ body_covering, noun.object:natural_covering,@ (any covering for the body or a body part) }
{ sheath, [ case, verb.contact:case1,+ ] noun.object:natural_covering,@ (an enveloping structure or covering enclosing an animal or plant organ or part) }
{ [ skin, adj.pert:skinny,+ verb.contact:skin2,+ ] tegument, [ cutis, adj.pert:cutaneal,+ ] connective_tissue,@ body_covering,@ integumentary_system,#p (a natural protective body covering and site of the sense of touch; "your skin is the largest organ of your body") }
{ pressure_point, area,@ skin,#p (an area on the skin that is highly sensitive to pressure; "you must know the pressure points in order to administer shiatsu") }
{ [ integument, adj.pert:integumentary,+ adj.pert:integumental,+ ] noun.object:natural_covering,@ (an outer protective covering such as the skin of an animal or a cuticle or seed coat or rind or shell) }
{ skin_graft, skin,@ (a piece of skin taken from a donor area and surgically grafted at the site of an injury or burn) }
{ buff, skin,@ (bare skin; "swimming in the buff means to swim naked") }
{ dewlap, skin,@ neck,#p (a hanging fold of loose skin on an elderly person's neck) }
{ [ epithelium, adj.pert:epithelial,+ ] epithelial_tissue, animal_tissue,@ (membranous tissue covering internal organs and other internal surfaces of the body) }
{ [ exuviae, adj.pert:exuvial,+ ] body_covering,@ (cast-off skins or coverings of various organisms during ecdysis) }
{ [ epidermis, adj.pert:epidermic,+ adj.pert:epidermal,+ ] cuticle, noun.location:stratum,@ skin,#p (the outer layer of the skin covering the exterior body surface of vertebrates) }
{ [ endothelium, adj.pert:endothelial,+ ] epithelium,@ (an epithelium of mesoblastic origin; a thin layer of flattened cells that lines the inside of some body cavities) }
{ mesothelium, epithelium,@ (epithelium originating in the embryonic mesoderm; lines the primordial body cavity) }
{ neuroepithelium, epithelium,@ retina,#p inner_ear,#p nasal_cavity,#p tastebud,#p (epithelium associated with special sense organs and containing sensory nerve endings) }
{ skin_cell, somatic_cell,@ skin,#p (any of the cells making up the skin) }
{ epidermal_cell, skin_cell,@ epidermis,#p (any of the cells making up the epidermis) }
{ melanoblast, epidermal_cell,@ (an epidermal cell that is a precursor of a melanocyte) }
{ melanocyte, epidermal_cell,@ (a cell in the basal layer of the epidermis that produces melanin under the control of the melanocyte-stimulating hormone) }
{ prickle_cell, skin_cell,@ (a cell in the germinal layer of the skin (the prickle-cell layer); has many spines and radiating processes) }
{ epithelial_cell, somatic_cell,@ epithelium,#p (one of the closely packed cells forming the epithelium) }
{ columnar_cell, columnar_epithelial_cell, epithelial_cell,@ (an epithelial cell that is shaped like a column; some have cilia) }
{ spongioblast, columnar_cell,@ (any of various columnar epithelial cells in the central nervous system that develop into neuroglia) }
{ cuboidal_cell, cuboidal_epithelial_cell, epithelial_cell,@ (an epithelial cell that shaped like a cube) }
{ goblet_cell, epithelial_cell,@ (an epithelial cell that secretes mucous) }
{ hair_cell, epithelial_cell,@ organ_of_Corti,#p (a sensory epithelial cell present in the organ of Corti) }
{ Kupffer's_cell, noun.Tops:cell,@ liver,#p (specialized cells in the liver that destroy bacteria, foreign proteins, and worn-out blood cells) }
{ squamous_cell, epithelial_cell,@ (an epithelial cell that is flat like a plate and form a single layer of epithelial tissue) }
{ stratum_corneum, corneum, horny_layer, noun.location:stratum,@ epidermis,#p (the outermost layer of the epidermis consisting of dead cells that slough off) }
{ stratum_lucidum, noun.location:stratum,@ epidermis,#p (the layer of epidermis immediately under the stratum corneum in the skin of the palms and soles) }
{ stratum_granulosum, noun.location:stratum,@ epidermis,#p (the layer of epidermis just under the stratum corneum or (on the palms and soles) just under the stratum lucidum; contains cells (with visible granules) that die and move to the surface) }
{ stratum_germinativum, stratum_basale, malpighian_layer, rete_Malpighii, noun.location:stratum,@ epidermis,#p (the innermost layer of the epidermis) }
{ [ dermis, adj.pert:dermic,+ adj.pert:dermal,+ ] corium, derma, noun.location:stratum,@ skin,#p (the deep vascular inner layer of the skin) }
{ mantle, pallium, epidermis,@ noun.cognition:zoology,;c ((zoology) a protective layer of epidermis in mollusks or brachiopods that secretes a substance forming the shell) }
{ plaque, noun.attribute:spot1,@ noun.cognition:pathology,;c ((pathology) a small abnormal patch on or inside the body) }
{ amyloid_plaque, amyloid_protein_plaque, plaque,@ (a plaque consisting of tangles of amyloid protein in nervous tissue (a pathological mark of Alzheimer's disease)) }
{ arterial_plaque, plaque,@ (a fatty deposit inside an arterial wall; characteristic of atherosclerosis) }
{ dental_plaque, bacterial_plaque, plaque,@ (a film of mucus and bacteria deposited on the teeth that encourages the development of dental caries) }
{ macule, [ macula1, verb.contact:maculate,+ verb.change:maculate,+ ] noun.attribute:spot1,@ skin,#p (a patch of skin that is discolored but not usually elevated; caused by various diseases) }
{ [ freckle, verb.change:freckle,+ verb.change:freckle1,+ ] [ lentigo, adj.all:patterned^lentiginous,+ ] macule,@ skin,#p (a small brownish spot (of the pigment melanin) on the skin) }
{ liver_spot, macule,@ skin,#p (a type of skin disease that causes brown spots on the skin) }
{ plague_spot, macule,@ (a spot on the skin characteristic of the plague) }
{ whitehead, milium, noun.attribute:blemish,@ skin,#p (a small whitish lump in the skin due to a clogged sebaceous gland) }
{ blackhead, comedo, noun.attribute:blemish,@ skin,#p (a black-tipped plug clogging a pore of the skin) }
{ [ pore, adj.all:porous,+ adj.all:poriferous,+ ] duct,@ skin,#p (any small opening in the skin or outer surface of an animal) }
{ aortic_orifice, orifice,@ (the orifice from the lower left chamber of the heart to the aorta) }
{ [ stoma, adj.pert:stomatous2,+ adj.all:stomatous,+ adj.pert:stomatal2,+ ] orifice,@ noun.act:colostomy,#p noun.act:tracheostomy,#p noun.cognition:surgery,;c (a mouth or mouthlike opening (especially one created by surgery on the surface of the body to create an opening to an internal organ)) }
{ [ tube, adj.pert:tubal,+ verb.contact:tube,+ verb.motion:tube,+ verb.possession:tube,+ ] tube-shaped_structure, structure,@ noun.cognition:anatomy,;c ((anatomy) any hollow cylindrical body structure) }
{ tubule, tube,@ (a small tube) }
{ microtubule, tubule,@ (a microscopically small tubule) }
{ salpinx, tube,@ (a tube in the uterus or the ear) }
{ nephron, uriniferous_tubule, tubule,@ kidney,#p (any of the small tubules that are the excretory units of the vertebrate kidney) }
{ malpighian_body, malpighian_corpuscle, renal_corpuscle, capsule,@ nephron,#p (the capsule that contains Bowman's capsule and a glomerulus at the expanded end of a nephron) }
{ Bowman's_capsule, glomerular_capsule, capsula_glomeruli, membrane,@ malpighian_body,#p (thin double membrane surrounding the glomerulus of a nephron) }
{ [ glomerulus, adj.pert:glomerular,+ ] capillary,@ malpighian_body,#p (a small intertwined group of capillaries in the malpighian body; it filters the blood during urine formation) }
{ tomentum, tomentum_cerebri, capillary,@ (a network of tiny blood vessels between the cerebral surface of the pia mater and the cerebral cortex) }
{ passage, passageway, structure,@ (a path or channel or duct through or along which something may pass; "the nasal passages") }
{ meatus, passage,@ (a natural body passageway) }
{ auditory_meatus, acoustic_meatus, ear_canal, auditory_canal, external_auditory_canal, meatus,@ external_ear,#p (either of the passages in the outer ear from the auricle to the tympanic membrane) }
{ deltoid_tuberosity, deltoid_eminence, tuberosity,@ humerus,#p (a bump on the outside of the humerus where the deltoid muscle attaches) }
{ nasal_meatus, meatus,@ (the passages in the nasal cavity formed by the projections of the nasal conchae) }
{ spinal_canal, vertebral_canal, canalis_vertebralis, duct,@ spinal_column,#p (the canal in successive vertebrae through which the spinal cord passes) }
{ spinal_nerve_root, spinal_nerve,@ (one of two roots of the spinal nerves) }
{ [ anastomosis, adj.pert:anastomotic,+ ] [ inosculation, verb.contact:inosculate,+ ] noun.state:junction,@ (a natural or surgical joining of parts or branches of tubular structures so as to make or become continuous) }
{ orifice, [ opening, verb.stative:open,+ verb.possession:open4,+ ] porta, passage,@ (an aperture or hole that opens into a bodily cavity; "the orifice into the aorta from the lower left chamber of the heart") }
{ porta_hepatis, orifice,@ (opening for major blood vessels to enter and leave the liver) }
{ spiracle, orifice,@ (a breathing orifice) }
{ blowhole, spiracle,@ noun.animal:cetacean,#p (the spiracle of a cetacean located far back on the skull) }
{ stigma, spiracle,@ (an external tracheal aperture in a terrestrial arthropod) }
{ duct, epithelial_duct, canal, [ channel, verb.contact:channelize,+ ] passage,@ (a bodily passage or tube lined with epithelial cells and conveying a secretion or other substance; "the tear duct was obstructed"; "the alimentary canal"; "poison is released through a channel in the snake's fangs") }
{ ductule, ductulus, duct,@ (a very small duct) }
{ [ canaliculus, adj.pert:canalicular,+ ] duct,@ (a small canal or duct as in some bones and parts of plants) }
{ canal_of_Schlemm, Schlemm's_canal, sinus_venosus_sclerae, duct,@ (a circular canal in the eye that drains aqueous humor from the anterior chamber of the eye into the anterior ciliary veins) }
{ venous_sinus, sinus1, duct,@ (a wide channel containing blood; does not have the coating of an ordinary blood vessel) }
{ cavernous_sinus, sinus_cavernosus, sinus1,@ (either of a pair of large venous sinuses in the cranial cavity) }
{ coronary_sinus, sinus_coronarius, sinus1,@ (a short sinus receiving most of the veins of the heart; empties into the right atrium) }
{ sigmoid_sinus, sinus_sigmoideus, sinus1,@ (an S-shaped dural sinus on the temporal and occipital bones) }
{ straight_sinus, tentorial_sinus, sinus_rectus, sinus1,@ (an unpaired sinus of the dura mater) }
{ transverse_sinus, sinus_transversus, sinus1,@ (a paired dural sinus; terminates in the sigmoid sinus) }
{ sinus2, cavity,@ (any of various air-filled cavities especially in the bones of the skull) }
{ ethmoid_sinus, ethmoidal_sinus, sinus_ethmoidales, sinus2,@ (a sinus of the meatuses of the nasal cavity (behind the bridge of the nose)) }
{ frontal_sinus, sinus2,@ (one of a pair of cavities in the frontal bone) }
{ maxillary_sinus, sinus2,@ (one of a pair of sinuses forming a cavity in the maxilla) }
{ paranasal_sinus, sinus_paranasales, nasal_sinus, sinus2,@ (any of the paired sinuses in the bones of the face adjacent to the nasal cavity that are lined with mucous membrane that is continuous with the lining of the nasal cavities) }
{ sinusoid, passage,@ (tiny endothelium-lined passages for blood in the tissue of an organ) }
{ locule, loculus, cavity,@ (a small cavity or space within an organ or in a plant or animal) }
{ lumen, cavity,@ (a cavity or passage in a tubular organ; "the lumen of the intestine") }
{ [ ampulla, adj.pert:ampullary,+ adj.pert:ampullar,+ ] body_part,@ duct,#p (the dilated portion of a canal or duct especially of the semicircular canals of the ear) }
{ hair1, [ pilus, adj.pert:pilar,+ ] filament,@ noun.animal:mammal,#p (any of the cylindrical filaments characteristically growing from the epidermis of a mammal; "there is a hair in my soup") }
{ ingrown_hair, hair1,@ (a hair that does not emerge from the follicle but remains embedded in the skin (usually causing inflammation)) }
{ [ hair, adj.all:hairy,+ ] body_covering,@ integumentary_system,#p (a covering for the body (or parts of it) consisting of a dense growth of threadlike structures (as on the human head); helps to prevent heat loss; "he combed his hair"; "each hair consists of layers of dead keratinized cells") }
{ headful, body_covering,@ (a covering over the surface of your head; "a headful of tight curls"; "a headful of lice") }
{ body_hair, hair,@ noun.animal:human_being,#p (short hair growing over a person's body) }
{ [ down, adj.all:hairy^downy,+ ] [ pile, adj.all:hairy^pilary,+ adj.all:hairy^pilous,+ ] hair,@ (fine soft dense hair (as the fine short hair of cattle or deer or the wool of sheep or the undercoat of certain dogs)) }
{ lanugo, down,@ (the fine downy hair covering a human fetus; normally shed during the ninth month of gestation) }
{ mane1, head_of_hair, hair,@ noun.animal:human_being,#p (growth of hair covering the scalp of a human being) }
{ hairline, noun.location:boundary,@ hair,#p (the natural margin formed by hair on the head) }
{ part1, parting, noun.location:line,@ hair,#p (a line of scalp that can be seen when sections of hair are combed in opposite directions; "his part was right in the middle") }
{ widow's_peak, noun.shape:point,@ hairline,#p (a V-shaped point in the hairline in the middle of the forehead) }
{ cowlick, hair,@ (a tuft of hair that grows in a different direction from the rest of the hair and usually will not lie flat) }
{ hairdo, hairstyle, [ hair_style, noun.person:hairstylist,+ ] [ coiffure, verb.body:coif,+ verb.body:coiffure,+ ] coif, hair,@ (the arrangement of the hair (especially a woman's hair)) }
{ beehive, hairdo,@ (a hairdo resembling a beehive) }
{ bouffant, hairdo,@ (a woman's hairstyle in which the hair gives a puffy appearance) }
{ haircut, hairdo,@ (the style in which hair has been cut) }
{ lock, [ curl, adj.all:curly,+ verb.contact:curl,+ ] ringlet, whorl, hair,@ hairdo,#p (a strand or cluster of hair) }
{ sausage_curl, lock,@ (a fat sausage-shaped curl) }
{ forelock, lock,@ (a lock of hair growing (or falling) over the forehead) }
{ quiff, forelock,@ (a prominent forelock (especially one brushed upward from the forehead)) }
{ [ crimp1, verb.contact:crimp,+ ] lock,@ (a lock of hair that has been artificially waved or curled) }
{ pin_curl, crimp1,@ (a curl of hair made by dampening a strand of hair and curling it and holding the curl with a clip or bobby pin) }
{ spit_curl, kiss_curl, crimp1,@ (a spiral curl plastered on the forehead or cheek) }
{ dreadlock, lock,@ (one of many long thin braids of hair radiating from the scalp; popularized by Rastafarians) }
{ Afro, Afro_hairdo, hairdo,@ (a rounded thickly curled hairdo) }
{ bang, fringe, hairdo,@ (a border of hair that is cut short and hangs across the forehead) }
{ [ bob, verb.body:bob,+ ] hairdo,@ (a hair style for women and children; a short haircut all around) }
{ [ wave, adj.all:curly^wavy,+ verb.contact:wave1,+ verb.body:wave,+ ] hairdo,@ (a hairdo that creates undulations in the hair) }
{ finger_wave, wave,@ (a wave made with the fingers) }
{ [ braid, verb.contact:braid,+ ] [ plait, verb.contact:plait,+ ] tress, [ twist, verb.change:twist,+ ] hairdo,@ (a hairdo formed by braiding or twisting the hair) }
{ chignon, hairdo,@ (a roll of hair worn at the nape of the neck) }
{ queue, braid,@ (a braid of hair at the back of the head) }
{ pigtail, braid,@ (a plait of braided hair) }
{ marcel, hairdo,@ (a hairdo characterized by deep regular waves that are made by a heated curling iron) }
{ pageboy, hairdo,@ (a smooth hair style with the ends of the hair curled inward) }
{ [ pompadour, verb.body:pompadour,+ ] hairdo,@ (a hair style in which the front hair is swept up from the forehead) }
{ ponytail, hairdo,@ (a hair style that draws the hair back so that it hangs down in back of the head like a pony's tail) }
{ permanent_wave, [ permanent, adj.all:permanent,+ ] [ perm, verb.body:perm,+ ] wave,@ (a series of waves in the hair made by applying heat and chemicals) }
{ brush_cut, haircut,@ (a short haircut with hairs standing up like a brush) }
{ crew_cut, butch, flattop, haircut,@ (a closely cropped haircut; usually for men or boys) }
{ mohawk, mohawk_haircut, haircut,@ (haircut in which the head is shaved except for a band of hair down the middle of the scalp) }
{ [ roach, verb.contact:roach1,+ ] hairdo,@ (a roll of hair brushed back from the forehead) }
{ scalp_lock, hairdo,@ (a long tuft of hair left on top of the shaven head) }
{ thatch, hairdo,@ (hair resembling thatched roofing material) }
{ facial_hair, hair,@ (hair on the face (especially on the face of a man)) }
{ [ beard, verb.stative:beard,+ ] face_fungus, whiskers, facial_hair,@ human_face1,#p adult_male_body,#p (the hair growing on the lower part of a man's face) }
{ [ fuzz, adj.all:hairy^fuzzy,+ ] beard,@ (the first beard of an adolescent boy) }
{ imperial, imperial_beard, beard,@ (a small tufted beard worn by Emperor Napoleon III) }
{ beaver, beard,@ (a full beard) }
{ mustache, moustache, facial_hair,@ beard,#p (an unshaved growth of hair on the upper lip; "he looked younger after he shaved off his mustache") }
{ soup-strainer, toothbrush, mustache,@ noun.communication:slang,;u (slang for a mustache) }
{ mustachio, moustachio, handle-bars, mustache,@ (a large bushy moustache (with hair growing sometimes down the sides of the mouth)) }
{ walrus_mustache, walrus_moustache, mustache,@ (a bushy droopy mustache) }
{ sideburn, burnside, mutton_chop, side-whiskers, facial_hair,@ (facial hair that has grown down the side of a man's face in front of the ears (especially when the rest of the beard is shaved off)) }
{ goatee, beard,@ chin,#p (a small chin beard trimmed to a point; named for its resemblance to a goat's beard) }
{ stubble, beard,@ (short stiff hairs growing on a man's face when he has not shaved for a few days) }
{ vandyke_beard, vandyke, beard,@ (a short pointed beard (named after the artist Anthony Vandyke)) }
{ soul_patch, Attilio, beard,@ (a small patch of facial hair just below the lower lip and above the chin) }
{ pubic_hair, bush, crotch_hair, hair,@ adult_body,#p (hair growing in the pubic area) }
{ minge, pubic_hair,@ female_genitalia,@ (vulgar term for a woman's pubic hair or genitals) }
{ body_substance, noun.Tops:substance,@ body,#p (the substance of the body) }
{ solid_body_substance, body_substance,@ (the solid parts of the body) }
{ [ scab, adj.all:rough^scabby,+ verb.body:scab,+ ] solid_body_substance,@ skin,#p (the crustlike surface of a healing skin lesion) }
{ eschar, scab,@ (a dry scab formed on the skin following a burn or cauterization of the skin) }
{ fundus, structure,@ noun.cognition:anatomy,;c ((anatomy) the base of a hollow organ or that part of the organ farthest from its opening; "the uterine fundus"; "the fundus of the stomach") }
{ funiculus, structure,@ (any of several body structure resembling a cord) }
{ node, solid_body_substance,@ (any bulge or swelling of an anatomical structure or part) }
{ [ nodule, adj.all:unshapely^nodular,+ adj.pert:nodular,+ ] node,@ (a small node) }
{ smear, cytologic_smear, cytosmear, cytologic_specimen,@ (a thin tissue or blood sample spread on a glass slide and stained for cytologic examination and diagnosis under a microscope) }
{ alimentary_tract_smear, smear,@ (any of several cytologic smears obtained from different parts of the alimentary tract; obtained by specialized lavage techniques and used mainly to diagnose cancer in those parts) }
{ esophageal_smear, alimentary_tract_smear,@ (alimentary tract smear of material obtained from the esophagus) }
{ gastric_smear, alimentary_tract_smear,@ (alimentary tract smear of material obtained from the stomach) }
{ oral_smear, alimentary_tract_smear,@ (alimentary tract smear of material obtained from the mouth) }
{ paraduodenal_smear, duodenal_smear, alimentary_tract_smear,@ (alimentary tract smear of material obtained from the duodenum) }
{ cervical_smear, Pap_smear, Papanicolaou_smear, smear,@ noun.cognition:Pap_test,#p (a sample of secretions and superficial cells of the uterine cervix and uterus; examined with a microscope to detect any abnormal cells) }
{ lower_respiratory_tract_smear, bronchoscopic_smear, sputum_smear, smear,@ (any of several cytologic smears obtained from different parts of the lower respiratory tract; used for cytologic study of cancer and other diseases of the lungs) }
{ vaginal_smear, smear,@ (smear taken from the vaginal mucosa for cytological analysis) }
{ specimen, noun.object:sample,@ (a bit of tissue or blood or urine that is taken for diagnostic purposes; "they collected a urine specimen for urinalysis") }
{ cytologic_specimen, specimen,@ (a specimen used for cytologic examination and diagnosis) }
{ isthmus, band, tissue,@ (a cord-like tissue connecting two larger parts of an anatomical structure) }
{ tissue, body_part,@ noun.Tops:organism,#s (part of an organism consisting of an aggregate of cells having a similar structure and function) }
{ animal_tissue, tissue,@ noun.Tops:animal,#s (the tissue in the bodies of animals) }
{ [ flesh2, adj.pert:fleshy,+ ] animal_tissue,@ (the soft tissue of the body of a vertebrate: mainly muscle tissue and fat) }
{ areolar_tissue, connective_tissue,@ (fibrous connective tissue with the fibers arranged in a mesh or net) }
{ beta_cell, noun.Tops:cell,@ (a cell that produces insulin in the isles of Langerhans in the pancreas) }
{ capillary_bed, animal_tissue,@ (a layer of tissue densely packed with capillaries) }
{ parenchyma1, animal_tissue,@ (animal tissue that constitutes the essential part of an organ as contrasted with e.g. connective tissue and blood vessels) }
{ interstitial_tissue, animal_tissue,@ noun.plant:plant_tissue,@ (tissue between the cells of a structure or part in plant or animal) }
{ adipose_tissue, [ fat, adj.all:fat2,+ adj.all:fatty,+ verb.consumption:fat,+ ] fatty_tissue, animal_tissue,@ (a kind of body tissue containing stored fat that serves as a source of energy; it also cushions and insulates vital organs; "fatty tissue protected them from the severe cold") }
{ [ flab, adj.all:unfit1^flabby,+ ] fat,@ (loose or flaccid body fat) }
{ [ atheroma, adj.pert:atheromatic,+ adj.pert:atheromatous,+ ] fat,@ (a fatty deposit in the intima (inner lining) of an artery; can obstruct blood flow) }
{ cellulite, fat,@ (lumpy deposits of body fat especially on women's thighs etc.) }
{ puppy_fat, fat,@ (fat on the body of a baby or child; disappears at adolescence) }
{ [ bone, adj.pert:bony,+ adj.all:bony,+ adj.all:boney,+ noun.body:bonelet,+ ] os, connective_tissue,@ endoskeleton,#p noun.animal:horn1,#s (rigid connective tissue that makes up the skeleton of vertebrates) }
{ anklebone, [ astragal, adj.pert:astragalar,+ ] [ astragalus, adj.pert:astragalar,+ ] talus, bone,@ ankle,#p (the bone in the ankle that articulates with the leg bones to form the ankle joint) }
{ bare_bone, bone,@ (bone stripped of flesh) }
{ cuboid_bone, bone,@ tarsus,#p (the cube shaped bone on the outer side of the tarsus) }
{ carpal_bone, carpal, wrist_bone, bone,@ wrist,#p (any of the eight small bones of the wrist of primates) }
{ carpal_tunnel, passage,@ wrist,#p (a passageway in the wrist through which nerves and the flexor muscles of the hands pass) }
{ scaphoid_bone, os_scaphoideum, [ navicular, adj.all:formed^navicular,+ ] carpal_bone,@ (the largest wrist bone on the thumb side) }
{ lunate_bone, semilunar_bone, os_lunatum, carpal_bone,@ (one of the eight small wrist bones) }
{ triquetral, triquetral_bone, os_triquetrum, cuneiform_bone, pyramidal_bone, carpal_bone,@ (a wrist bone that articulates with the pisiform and hamate and lunate bones) }
{ pisiform, pisiform_bone, os_pisiforme, carpal_bone,@ (a small wrist bone that articulates only with the triquetral) }
{ trapezium, trapezium_bone, os_trapezium, carpal_bone,@ (the wrist bone on the thumb side of the hand that articulates with the 1st and 2nd metacarpals) }
{ trapezoid, trapezoid_bone, os_trapezoideum, carpal_bone,@ (the wrist bone between the trapezium and the capitate bones) }
{ [ capitate, adj.all:round^capitate,+ ] capitate_bone, os_capitatum, carpal_bone,@ (the wrist bone with a rounded head shape that articulates with the 3rd metacarpus) }
{ hamate, hamate_bone, unciform_bone, os_hamatum, carpal_bone,@ (the wrist bone in line with the 4th and 5th fingers) }
{ cartilage_bone, bone,@ (any bone that develops within cartilage rather than a fibrous tissue) }
{ centrum, bone,@ vertebra,#p (the main body of a vertebra) }
{ cheekbone, zygomatic_bone, zygomatic, malar, malar_bone, jugal_bone, os_zygomaticum, bone,@ skull,#p (the arch of bone beneath the eye that forms the prominence of the cheek) }
{ clavicle, collarbone, bone,@ endoskeleton,#p (bone linking the scapula and sternum) }
{ [ coccyx, adj.pert:coccygeal,+ ] tail_bone, bone,@ pelvis,#p spinal_column,#p (the end of the vertebral column in humans and tailless apes) }
{ dentine, dentin, bone,@ tooth,#p (bone (calcified tissue) surrounding the pulp cavity of a tooth) }
{ ethmoid, ethmoid_bone, bone,@ cranium,#p (one of the eight bones of the cranium; a small bone filled with air spaces that forms part of the eye sockets and the nasal cavity) }
{ heelbone, calcaneus, os_tarsi_fibulare, bone,@ human_foot,#p (the largest tarsal bone; forms the human heel) }
{ hipbone, innominate_bone, bone,@ pelvis,#p (large flaring bone forming one half of the pelvis; made up of the ilium and ischium and pubis) }
{ hyoid, hyoid_bone, os_hyoideum, bone,@ (a U-shaped bone at the base of the tongue that supports the tongue muscles) }
{ ilium, bone,@ pelvis,#p (the upper and widest of the three bones making up the hipbone) }
{ ischium, ischial_bone, os_ischii, bone,@ hip2,#p pelvis,#p (one of the three sections of the hipbone; situated below the ilium) }
{ long_bone, os_longum, bone,@ (in limbs of vertebrate animals: a long cylindrical bone that contains marrow) }
{ lower_jaw, [ mandible, adj.pert:mandibular,+ ] mandibula, mandibular_bone, submaxilla, lower_jawbone, jawbone, jowl, jaw,@ articulator,@ (the jaw in vertebrates that is hinged to open the mouth) }
{ ramus, bone,@ (the posterior part of the mandible that is more or less vertical) }
{ raphe, rhaphe, noun.shape:ridge,@ scrotum,#p (a ridge that forms a seam between two parts) }
{ palatine_raphe, raphe,@ (the seam at the middle of the hard palate) }
{ mandibular_joint, temporomandibular_joint, articulatio_temporomandibularis, synovial_joint,@ (the joint between the head of the lower jawbone and the temporal bone) }
{ membrane_bone, bone,@ (any bone that develops within membranous tissue without previous cartilage formation; e.g. the clavicle and bones of the skull) }
{ mentum, body_part,@ noun.animal:insect,#p noun.plant:orchid,#p (a projection below the mouth of certain mollusks that resembles a chin) }
{ metacarpal, metacarpal_bone, bone,@ metacarpus,#p (any bone of the hand between the wrist and fingers) }
{ metatarsal, bone,@ metatarsus,#p (any bone of the foot between the ankle and the toes) }
{ [ nasal, adj.pert:nasal,+ ] nasal_bone, os_nasale, bone,@ bridge,#p (an elongated rectangular bone that forms the bridge of the nose) }
{ [ ossicle, adj.pert:ossicular,+ ] [ bonelet, noun.substance:bone,+ noun.body:bone,+ ] ossiculum, bone,@ middle_ear,#p (a small bone; especially one in the middle ear) }
{ auditory_ossicle, ossicle,@ (ossicles of the middle ear that transmit acoustic vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear) }
{ [ palatine, adj.pert:palatine2,+ ] palatine_bone, os_palatinum, bone,@ (either of two irregularly shaped bones that form the back of the hard palate and helps to form the nasal cavity and the floor of the orbits) }
{ [ patella, adj.pert:patellar,+ ] kneecap, kneepan, sesamoid_bone,@ knee,#p (a small flat triangular bone in front of the knee that protects the knee joint) }
{ [ phalanx, adj.pert:phalangeal,+ ] bone,@ digit,#p (any of the bones of the fingers or toes) }
{ [ pubis, adj.pert:pubic,+ ] pubic_bone, os_pubis, bone,@ pelvis,#p (one of the three sections of the hipbone; together these two bones form the front of the pelvis) }
{ punctum, noun.location:point,@ noun.cognition:anatomy,;c ((anatomy) a point or small area) }
{ rib1, [ costa1, adj.pert:costal,+ ] bone,@ noun.animal:vertebrate,#p noun.animal:vertebrate,;c (any of the 12 pairs of curved arches of bone extending from the spine to or toward the sternum in humans (and similar bones in most vertebrates)) }
{ round_bone, bone,@ (bones that are round in shape) }
{ [ sacrum, adj.pert:sacral,+ ] bone,@ pelvis,#p (wedge-shaped bone consisting of five fused vertebrae forming the posterior part of the pelvis; its base connects with the lowest lumbar vertebra and its tip with the coccyx) }
{ [ scapula, adj.pert:scapular,+ ] shoulder_blade, shoulder_bone, bone,@ endoskeleton,#p shoulder2,#p (either of two flat triangular bones one on each side of the shoulder in human beings) }
{ glenoid_fossa, glenoid_cavity, noun.shape:fossa,@ scapula,#p (the concavity in the head of the scapula that receives the head of the humerus to form the shoulder joint) }
{ glenoid_fossa1, mandibular_fossa, noun.shape:fossa,@ temporal_bone,#p (a deep concavity in the temporal bone at the root of the zygomatic arch that receives the condyle of the mandible) }
{ acromion, acromial_process, process,@ scapula,#p (the outermost point of the spine of the shoulder blade) }
{ sesamoid_bone, sesamoid, os_sesamoideum, bone,@ (any of several small round bones formed in a tendon where it passes over a joint) }
{ short_bone, os_breve, bone,@ (a bone that is of approximately equal dimension in all directions) }
{ socket, cavity,@ bone,#p (a bony hollow into which a structure fits) }
{ sphenoid_bone, sphenoid, os_sphenoidale, bone,@ skull,#p (butterfly-shaped bone at the base of the skull) }
{ [ sternum, adj.pert:sternal,+ ] breastbone, bone,@ thorax1,#p axial_skeleton,#p (the flat bone that articulates with the clavicles and the first seven pairs of ribs) }
{ gladiolus, corpus_sternum, bone,@ sternum,#p (the large central part of the breastbone) }
{ manubrium, bone,@ sternum,#p (the upper part of the breastbone) }
{ xiphoid_process, bone,@ sternum,#p (smallest of the three parts of the breastbone; articulates with the corpus sternum and the seventh rib) }
{ [ tarsal, adj.pert:tarsal,+ ] tarsal_bone, bone,@ tarsus,#p (any bone of the tarsus) }
{ temporal_bone, os_temporale, bone,@ cranium,#p (a thick bone forming the side of the human cranium and encasing the inner ear) }
{ primary_dentition, dentition,@ (dentition of deciduous teeth) }
{ secondary_dentition, dentition,@ (dentition of permanent teeth) }
{ dentition, teeth, noun.group:set,@ mouth1,#p (the kind and number and arrangement of teeth (collectively) in a person or animal) }
{ diastema, noun.object:opening,@ (a gap or vacant space between two teeth) }
{ [ tooth, adj.all:toothed^toothy,+ ] bone,@ teeth,#m (hard bonelike structures in the jaws of vertebrates; used for biting and chewing or for attack and defense) }
{ pulp_cavity, cavity,@ tooth,#p (the central cavity of a tooth containing the pulp (including the root canal)) }
{ [ chopper, verb.contact:chop1,+ verb.contact:chop,+ ] [ pearly, adj.all:achromatic^pearly,+ ] tooth,@ (informal terms for a human `tooth') }
{ carnassial_tooth, tooth,@ (the last upper premolar and first lower molar teeth of a carnivore; having sharp edges for cutting flesh) }
{ turbinate_bone, turbinate, turbinal, bone,@ nose,#p (any of the scrolled spongy bones of the nasal passages in man and other vertebrates) }
{ tympanic_bone, bone,@ temporal_bone,#p (the bone enclosing the middle ear) }
{ upper_jaw, upper_jawbone, maxilla, [ maxillary, adj.pert:maxillary,+ ] jaw,@ (the jaw in vertebrates that is fused to the cranium) }
{ [ vertebra, adj.pert:vertebral,+ ] bone,@ spinal_column,#p (one of the bony segments of the spinal column) }
{ intervertebral_disc, intervertebral_disk, noun.shape:disk,@ spinal_column,#p (a fibrocartilaginous disc serving as a cushion between all of the vertebrae of the spinal column (except between the first two)) }
{ [ zygoma, adj.pert:zygomatic,+ ] zygomatic_arch, arcus_zygomaticus, bone,@ cheekbone,#p (the slender arch formed by the temporal process of the cheekbone that bridges to the zygomatic process of the temporal bone) }

{ hip_socket, socket,@ joint,#p (the socket part of the ball-and-socket joint between the head of the femur and the innominate bone) }
{ eye_socket, [ orbit, adj.pert:orbital2,+ ] cranial_orbit, orbital_cavity, cavity,@ skull,#p (the bony cavity in the skull containing the eyeball) }
{ tooth_socket, alveolus2, socket,@ alveolar_ridge,#p (a bony socket in the alveolar ridge that holds a tooth) }
{ marrow, bone_marrow, connective_tissue,@ bone,#p immune_system,#p (the fatty network of connective tissue that fills the cavities of bones) }
{ red_marrow, red_bone_marrow, marrow,@ (bone marrow of children and some adult bones that is required for the formation of red blood cells) }
{ yellow_marrow, yellow_bone_marrow, marrow,@ (bone marrow that is yellow with fat; found at the ends of long bones in adults) }
{ axolemma, membrane,@ medullary_sheath,#p (outer membrane covering an axon) }
{ basilar_membrane, membrane,@ cochlea,#p (a membrane in the cochlea that supports the organ of Corti) }
{ [ cambium, adj.pert:cambial,+ ] noun.location:stratum,@ periosteum,#p (the inner layer of the periosteum) }
{ connective_tissue, animal_tissue,@ (tissue of mesodermal origin consisting of e.g. collagen fibroblasts and fatty cells; supports organs and fills spaces between them and forms tendons and ligaments) }
{ [ collagen, adj.pert:collagenic,+ adj.pert:collagenous,+ ] noun.substance:scleroprotein,@ bone,#s cartilage,#s connective_tissue,#s tendon,#s (a fibrous scleroprotein in bone and cartilage and tendon and other connective tissue; yields gelatin on boiling) }
{ elastic_tissue, connective_tissue,@ (connective tissue consisting chiefly of elastic fibers found in the dermis of the skin and in the walls of veins and arteries and in some tendons and ligaments) }
{ endoneurium, connective_tissue,@ (delicate connective tissue around individual nerve fibers in nerve) }
{ elastin, noun.substance:scleroprotein,@ elastic_tissue,#s (a fibrous scleroprotein found in elastic tissues such as the walls of arteries) }
{ lymphatic_tissue, lymphoid_tissue, animal_tissue,@ lymphatic_system,#p (tissue making up the lymphatic system) }
{ [ cartilage, adj.pert:cartilaginous,+ ] [ gristle, adj.all:tough1^gristly,+ ] animal_tissue,@ cartilaginous_structure,#s (tough elastic tissue; mostly converted to bone in adults) }
{ meniscus, semilunar_cartilage, cartilage,@ noun.cognition:anatomy,;c ((anatomy) a disk of cartilage that serves as a cushion between the ends of bones that meet at a joint) }
{ fibrocartilage, cartilage,@ (cartilage that is largely composed of fibers like those in ordinary connective tissue) }
{ hyaline_cartilage, cartilage,@ (translucent cartilage that is common in joints and the respiratory passages; forms most of the fetal skeleton) }
{ erectile_tissue, animal_tissue,@ erectile_organ,#p (vascular tissue capable of filling with blood and becoming rigid) }
{ [ muscle1, adj.pert:muscular,+ ] muscular_tissue, animal_tissue,@ muscular_structure,#p (animal tissue consisting predominantly of contractile cells) }
{ muscle, musculus, contractile_organ,@ (one of the contractile organs of the body) }
{ contractile_organ, [ contractor, verb.contact:contract4,+ ] organ,@ (a bodily organ that contracts) }
{ striated_muscle_tissue, muscle1,@ (muscle tissue characterized by transverse stripes) }
{ skeletal_muscle, striated_muscle, muscle,@ (a muscle that is connected at either or both ends to a bone and so move parts of the skeleton; a muscle that is characterized by transverse stripes) }
{ head2, structure,@ skeletal_muscle,#p (that part of a skeletal muscle that is away from the bone that it moves) }
{ voluntary_muscle, skeletal_muscle,@ (striated muscle that can be controlled voluntarily) }
{ [ abductor, verb.contact:abduct,+ ] abductor_muscle, skeletal_muscle,@ (a muscle that draws a body part away from the median line) }
{ musculus_abductor_digiti_minimi_manus, abductor,@ pinkie,#p (the abductor muscle of the little finger) }
{ musculus_abductor_digiti_minimi_pedis, abductor,@ (the abductor muscles of the little toe) }
{ musculus_abductor_hallucis, abductor,@ (the abductor muscle of the great toe) }
{ musculus_abductor_pollicis, abductor,@ thumb,#p (the abductor muscle of the thumb) }
{ [ adductor, verb.contact:adduct,+ ] adductor_muscle, skeletal_muscle,@ (a muscle that draws a body part toward the median line) }
{ musculus_adductor_brevis, adductor,@ thigh,#p (the short adductor muscle of the thigh) }
{ musculus_adductor_longus, adductor,@ thigh,#p (the long adductor muscle of the thigh) }
{ musculus_adductor_magnus, great_adductor_muscle, adductor,@ thigh,#p (the muscle that adducts and extends the thigh) }
{ musculus_adductor_hallucis, adductor,@ (the adductor muscle of the great toe) }
{ [ pronator, verb.motion:pronate,+ ] muscle,@ (a muscle that produces or assists in pronation) }
{ [ supinator, verb.motion:supinate,+ ] muscle,@ (a muscle (especially in the forearm) that produces or assists in supination) }
{ levator, muscle,@ (a muscle that serves to lift some body part (as the eyelid or lip)) }
{ anconeous_muscle, musculus_anconeus, skeletal_muscle,@ forearm,#p (the muscle that extends the forearm and abducts the ulna in pronation of the wrist) }
{ antagonistic_muscle, muscle,@ noun.cognition:physiology,;c ((physiology) a muscle that opposes the action of another; "the biceps and triceps are antagonistic muscles") }
{ agonist, antagonistic_muscle,@ (a muscle that contracts while another relaxes; "when bending the elbow the biceps are the agonist") }
{ [ antagonist, adj.all:antagonistic2,+ ] antagonistic_muscle,@ (a muscle that relaxes while another contracts; "when bending the elbow the triceps are the antagonist") }
{ articular_muscle, skeletal_muscle,@ joint,#p (a muscle that inserts directly onto the capsule of a joint) }
{ musculus_articularis_cubiti, articular_muscle,@ elbow,#p (a small branch of the triceps that inserts into the capsule of the elbow joint) }
{ musculus_articularis_genus, articular_muscle,@ knee,#p (the articular muscle of the knee) }
{ cheek_muscle, buccinator_muscle, musculus_buccinator, facial_muscle,@ cheek,#p (a muscle that flattens the cheek and retracts the angle of the mouth) }
{ masseter, facial_muscle,@ (a large muscle that raises the lower jaw and is used in chewing) }
{ platysma, facial_muscle,@ (either of two broad muscles located on either side of the neck and innervated by the facial nerve; extends from lower jaw to clavicle and is involved in moving the mouth and jaw) }
{ extensor_muscle, [ extensor, verb.body:extend1,+ verb.body:extend,+ flexor,! ] skeletal_muscle,@ (a skeletal muscle whose contraction extends or stretches a body part) }
{ quadriceps, quadriceps_femoris, musculus_quadriceps_femoris, quad, extensor_muscle,@ thigh,#p (a muscle of the thigh that extends the leg) }
{ fibrous_tissue, animal_tissue,@ noun.plant:plant_tissue,@ (tissue consisting of or containing fibers in both animals and plants) }
{ [ trabecula, adj.pert:trabecular,+ ] fibrous_tissue,@ (rod-shaped structures of fibrous tissue that divide an organ into parts (as in the penis) or stabilize the structure of an organ (as in the spleen)) }
{ ligament, connective_tissue,@ muscular_structure,#p (a sheet or band of tough fibrous tissue connecting bones or cartilages or supporting muscles or organs) }
{ falciform_ligament, ligament,@ (a ligament that attaches part of the liver to the diaphragm and the abdominal wall) }
{ round_ligament_of_the_uterus, ligamentum_teres_uteri, ligament,@ (ligament attached to the uterus on either side in front of and below the opening of the Fallopian tube and passing through the inguinal canal to the labia majora) }
{ perineurium, connective_tissue,@ (the sheath of connective tissue that covers a bundle of nerve fibers) }
{ perimysium, connective_tissue,@ (the sheath of connective tissue that covers a bundle of muscle fibers) }
{ [ tendon, adj.pert:tendinous,+ ] [ sinew, adj.pert:sinewy,+ ] connective_tissue,@ muscular_structure,#p (a cord or band of inelastic tissue connecting a muscle with its bony attachment) }
{ flexor_muscle, [ flexor, extensor,! ] skeletal_muscle,@ (a skeletal muscle whose contraction bends a joint) }
{ articulatory_system, system,@ body,#p (the system of joints in the body) }
{ nervous_tissue, nerve_tissue, animal_tissue,@ nervous_system,#p (tissue composed of neurons) }
{ ganglion, neural_structure,@ nervous_system,#p (an encapsulated neural structure consisting of a collection of cell bodies or neurons) }
{ autonomic_ganglion, ganglion,@ autonomic_nervous_system,#p (any of the ganglia of the autonomic system whose unmyelinated fibers innervate the internal organs) }
{ otic_ganglion, otoganglion, autonomic_ganglion,@ (an autonomic ganglion whose postganglionic fibers are distributed to the parotid gland) }
{ [ organ, adj.all:organic,+ ] body_part,@ (a fully differentiated structural and functional unit in an animal that is specialized for some particular function) }
{ primordium, anlage, organ,@ (an organ in its earliest stage of development; the foundation for subsequent development) }
{ vital_organ, vitals, organ,@ (a bodily organ that is essential for life) }
{ [ effector, receptor,! ] organ,@ (an organ (a gland or muscle) that becomes active in response to nerve impulses) }
{ external_organ, organ,@ (an organ that is situated on or near the surface of the body) }
{ internal_organ, viscus, organ,@ (a main organ that is situated inside the body) }
{ viscera, entrails, innards, internal_organ,@ (internal organs collectively (especially those in the abdominal cavity); "`viscera' is the plural form of `viscus'") }
{ sense_organ, sensory_receptor, [ receptor, verb.perception:receive,+ effector,! ] organ,@ sensory_system,#p (an organ having nerve endings (in the skin or viscera or eye or ear or nose or mouth) that respond to stimulation) }
{ interoceptor, enteroceptor, sense_organ,@ (any receptor that responds to stimuli inside the body) }
{ exteroceptor, sense_organ,@ (any receptor that responds to stimuli outside the body) }
{ third_eye, pineal_eye, sense_organ,@ diencephalon,#p (a sensory structure capable of light reception located on the dorsal side of the diencephalon in various reptiles) }
{ baroreceptor, sense_organ,@ (a sensory receptor that responds to pressure) }
{ chemoreceptor, sense_organ,@ (a sensory receptor that responds to chemical stimuli) }
{ thermoreceptor, sense_organ,@ (a sensory receptor that responds to heat and cold) }
{ auditory_system, sensory_system,@ noun.cognition:hearing,;c (the sensory system for hearing) }
{ auditory_apparatus, apparatus,@ auditory_system,#p noun.cognition:otology,;c (all of the components of the organ of hearing including the outer and middle and inner ears) }
{ visual_system, sensory_system,@ noun.cognition:vision1,;c (the sensory system for vision) }
{ [ tongue, verb.contact:tongue,+ verb.creation:tongue,+ ] [ lingua, adj.pert:lingual1,+ adj.pert:lingual,+ ] glossa, clapper, organ,@ articulator,@ mouth1,#p pharynx,#p (a mobile mass of muscular tissue covered with mucous membrane and located in the oral cavity) }
{ articulator, speech_organ,@ (a movable speech organ) }
{ [ glottis, adj.pert:glottal,+ ] speech_organ,@ larynx,#p (the vocal apparatus of the larynx; the true vocal folds and the space between them where the voice tone is generated) }
{ epiglottis, cartilaginous_structure,@ trachea1,#p (a flap of cartilage that covers the windpipe while swallowing) }
{ [ mouth, verb.contact:mouth,+ verb.communication:mouth1,+ verb.communication:mouth,+ ] orifice,@ face,#p (the externally visible part of the oral cavity on the face and the system of organs surrounding the opening; "she wiped lipstick from her mouth") }
{ trap, cakehole, hole, maw, yap, gob, mouth1,@ (informal terms for the mouth) }
{ os1, orifice,@ (a mouth or mouthlike opening) }
{ [ mouth1, verb.contact:mouth,+ verb.communication:mouth1,+ verb.communication:mouth,+ ] oral_cavity, oral_fissure, rima_oris, rima,@ mouth,#p (the opening through which food is taken in and vocalizations emerge; "he stuffed his mouth with candy") }
{ buccal_cavity, cavity,@ mouth1,#p (the cavity between the jaws and the cheeks) }
{ incompetent_cervix, cervix2,@ noun.cognition:obstetrics,;c ((obstetrics) uterine cervix that becomes dilated before term and without labor often resulting in miscarriage or premature birth) }
{ [ cervix2, adj.pert:cervical1,+ ] uterine_cervix, cervix_uteri, orifice,@ uterus,#p (necklike opening to the uterus) }
{ cavity, bodily_cavity, cavum, structure,@ body,#p noun.cognition:anatomy,;c ((anatomy) a natural hollow or sinus within the body) }
{ antrum, cavity,@ (a natural cavity or hollow in a bone) }
{ cloaca, cavity,@ noun.cognition:zoology,;c ((zoology) the cavity (in birds, reptiles, amphibians, most fish, and monotremes but not mammals) at the end of the digestive tract into which the intestinal, genital, and urinary tracts open) }
{ [ vestibule, adj.pert:vestibular,+ ] cavity,@ (any of various bodily cavities leading to another cavity (as of the ear or vagina)) }
{ vestibule_of_the_ear, vestibule,@ ear,#p (the central cavity of the bony labyrinth of the ear) }
{ [ gingiva, adj.pert:gingival,+ ] [ gum, verb.consumption:gum,+ ] animal_tissue,@ mouth1,#p (the tissue (covered by mucous membrane) of the jaws that surrounds the bases of the teeth) }
{ tastebud, taste_bud, gustatory_organ, chemoreceptor,@ tongue,#p palate,#p epiglottis,#p pharynx,#p (an oval sensory end organ on the surface of the tongue) }
{ taste_cell, gustatory_cell, epithelial_cell,@ tastebud,#p (an epithelial cell in a taste bud that activates sensory fibers of the facial nerve or the glossopharyngeal nerve or the vagus nerve) }
{ speech_organ, vocal_organ, organ_of_speech, organ,@ (any of the organs involved in speech production) }
{ lip, external_body_part,@ articulator,@ mouth,#p (either of two fleshy folds of tissue that surround the mouth and play a role in speaking) }
{ overlip, lip,@ (the upper lip) }
{ underlip, lip,@ (the lower lip) }
{ front_tooth, [ anterior, adj.all:anterior,+ ] tooth,@ (a tooth situated at the front of the mouth; "his malocclusion was caused by malposed anteriors") }
{ bucktooth, front_tooth,@ (a large projecting front tooth) }
{ back_tooth, [ posterior1, adj.all:posterior,+ ] tooth,@ (a tooth situated at the back of the mouth) }
{ malposed_tooth, tooth,@ (a tooth that has grown in a faulty position) }
{ permanent_tooth, adult_tooth, tooth,@ (any of the 32 teeth that replace the deciduous teeth of early childhood and (with luck) can last until old age) }
{ primary_tooth, deciduous_tooth, baby_tooth, milk_tooth, tooth,@ child's_body,#p (one of the first temporary teeth of a young mammal (one of 20 in children)) }
{ [ canine, adj.pert:canine2,+ ] canine_tooth, eyetooth, eye_tooth, dogtooth, [ cuspid, adj.all:angular^cuspidal,+ ] tooth,@ (one of the four pointed conical teeth (two in each jaw) located between the incisors and the premolars) }
{ premolar, [ bicuspid, adj.all:angular^bicuspid,+ ] tooth,@ (a tooth having two cusps or points; located between the incisors and the molars) }
{ cusp, noun.shape:point,@ tooth,#p (small elevation on the grinding surface of a tooth) }
{ incisor, tooth,@ (a tooth for cutting or gnawing; located in the front of the mouth in both jaws) }
{ [ molar, adj.pert:molar3,+ ] [ grinder, verb.change:grind,+ ] tooth,@ (grinding tooth with a broad crown; located behind the premolars) }
{ wisdom_tooth, molar,@ (any of the last 4 teeth on each side of the upper and lower jaw; the last of the permanent teeth to erupt (between ages 16 and 21)) }
{ [ crown, verb.contact:crown,+ ] noun.location:top1,@ tooth,#p (the part of a tooth above the gum that is covered with enamel) }
{ root, structure,@ tooth,#p nail,#p hair,#p (the embedded part of a bodily structure such as a tooth, nail, or hair) }
{ root_canal, passage,@ pulp_cavity,#p (the passage in the root of a tooth through which its nerve and blood vessels enter the pulp cavity) }
{ [ enamel, verb.creation:enamel,+ ] tooth_enamel, solid_body_substance,@ crown,#p (hard white substance covering the crown of a tooth) }
{ cementum, cement, solid_body_substance,@ root,#p (a specialized bony substance covering the root of a tooth) }
{ pulp, vascular_structure,@ tooth,#p (the soft inner part of a tooth) }
{ tonsil, palatine_tonsil, faucial_tonsil, tonsilla, lymphatic_tissue,@ nasopharynx,#p (either of two masses of lymphatic tissue one on each side of the oral pharynx) }
{ [ uvula, adj.pert:uvular,+ ] flap,@ soft_palate,#p (a small pendant fleshy lobe at the back of the soft palate) }
{ soft_palate, [ velum, adj.pert:velar,+ ] flap,@ palate,#p (a muscular flap that closes off the nasopharynx during swallowing or speaking) }
{ hard_palate, noun.location:surface,@ palate,#p upper_jaw,#p (the bony part of the roof of the mouth) }
{ [ palate, adj.pert:palatal,+ ] roof_of_the_mouth, noun.location:surface,@ mouth1,#p (the upper surface of the mouth that separates the oral and nasal cavities) }
{ [ ala, adj.all:winged^alary,+ ] process,@ (a flat wing-shaped process or winglike part of an organism; "the alae of the nose"; "the alae of a maple seed"; "the flat petals of a pea blossom are alae") }
{ alveolar_arch, process,@ jaw,#p (the part of the upper or lower jawbones in which the teeth are set) }
{ alveolar_ridge, gum_ridge, alveolar_process, process,@ jaw,#p (a ridge that forms the borders of the upper and lower jaws and contains the sockets of the teeth) }
{ caul, veil, embryonic_membrane, fetal_membrane,@ placenta,#p (the inner membrane of embryos in higher vertebrates (especially when covering the head at birth)) }
{ fetal_membrane, membrane,@ (any membrane that functions for the protection or nourishment or respiration or excretion of a developing fetus) }
{ [ eye, verb.perception:eye,+ ] [ oculus, noun.person:oculist1,+ ] [ optic, adj.pert:optic4,+ ] sense_organ,@ visual_system,#p face,#p noun.communication:colloquialism,;u (the organ of sight) }
{ naked_eye, eye,@ (the eye unaided by any optical instrument that alters the power of vision or alters the apparent size or distance of objects; "it is not safe to look directly at the sun with the naked eye") }
{ peeper, eye,@ noun.communication:colloquialism,;u (an informal term referring to the eye) }
{ oculus_dexter, OD, eye,@ (the right eye) }
{ oculus_sinister, OS2, eye,@ (the left eye) }
{ simple_eye, stemma, ocellus, eye,@ (an eye having a single lens) }
{ compound_eye, eye,@ (in insects and some crustaceans: composed of many light-sensitive elements each forming a portion of an image) }
{ ommatidium, simple_eye,@ compound_eye,#p (any of the numerous small cone-shaped eyes that make up the compound eyes of some arthropods) }
{ cell_membrane, cytomembrane, plasma_membrane, semipermeable_membrane,@ noun.Tops:cell,#p (a thin membrane (a double layer of lipids) enclosing the cytoplasm of a cell; proteins in the membrane control passage of ions (like sodium or potassium or calcium) in and out of the cell; "all cells have a cell membrane") }
{ choroid, choroid_coat, membrane,@ eye,#p (a highly vascular membrane in the eye between the retina and the sclera; a dark pigmentation minimizes the scattering of light inside the eye) }
{ ciliary_body, membrane,@ eye,#p (the part of the tunic of the eye between the choroid coat and the iris; "the ciliary body produces aqueous humor") }
{ eyebrow, brow1, supercilium, hair,@ face,#p (the arch of hair above each eye) }
{ protective_fold, flap,@ (a flap of tissue that protects what it covers) }
{ eyelid, lid, [ palpebra, verb.body:palpebrate,+ ] protective_fold,@ eye,#p (either of two folds of skin that can be moved to cover or open the eye; "his lids would stay open no longer") }
{ canthus, noun.location:corner,@ eye,#p (either of the corners of the eye where the upper and lower eyelids meet) }
{ [ epicanthus, adj.pert:epicanthic,+ ] epicanthic_fold, fold,@ eye,#p (a vertical fold of skin over the nasal canthus; typical for many east Asian peoples; sometimes occurs in Down's syndrome) }
{ nasal_canthus, canthus,@ (the inner corner of the eye) }
{ temporal_canthus, canthus,@ (the outer corner of the eye) }
{ nictitating_membrane, third_eyelid, protective_fold,@ eye,#p (a protective fold of skin in the eyes of reptiles and birds and some mammals) }
{ haw, nictitating_membrane,@ (the nictitating membrane of a horse) }
{ eyelash, lash, [ cilium, adj.pert:ciliary2,+ ] hair,@ eyelid,#p (any of the short curved hairs that grow from the edges of the eyelids) }
{ [ conjunctiva, adj.pert:conjunctival,+ ] mucous_membrane,@ eye,#p eyelid,#p (a transparent lubricating mucous membrane that covers the eyeball and the under surface of the eyelid) }
{ bulbar_conjunctiva, conjunctival_layer_of_bulb, tunica_conjunctiva_bulbi, conjunctiva,@ (the part of the conjunctiva covering the anterior face of the sclera and the surface epithelium of the cornea) }
{ palpebra_conjunctiva, conjunctival_layer_of_eyelids, tunica_conjunctiva_palpebrarum, conjunctiva,@ (the part of the conjunctiva lining the posterior surface of the eyelids; continuous with the bulbar conjunctiva) }
{ pinguecula, conjunctiva,@ (a slightly elevated elastic tissue deposit in the conjunctiva that may extend to the cornea but does not cover it) }
{ [ eyeball, verb.perception:eyeball,+ ] orb, capsule,@ eye,#p (the ball-shaped capsule containing the vertebrate eye) }
{ ocular_muscle, eye_muscle, muscle,@ eye,#p (one of the small muscles of the eye that serve to rotate the eyeball) }
{ abducens_muscle, lateral_rectus_muscle, lateral_rectus, rectus_lateralis, ocular_muscle,@ (the ocular muscle whose contraction turns the eyeball outward) }
{ rectus, muscle,@ (any of various straight muscles) }
{ inferior_rectus_muscle, inferior_rectus, rectus_inferior, ocular_muscle,@ (the ocular muscle whose contraction turns the eyeball down and medially) }
{ medial_rectus_muscle, medial_rectus, rectus_medialis, ocular_muscle,@ (the ocular muscle whose contraction turns the eyeball medially) }
{ superior_rectus_muscle, superior_rectus, rectus_superior, ocular_muscle,@ (the ocular muscle whose contraction turns the eyeball upward and medially) }
{ [ capsule, adj.pert:capsular,+ ] structure,@ (a structure that encloses a body part) }
{ [ cornea, adj.pert:corneal,+ ] membrane,@ eye,#p (the transparent dome-shaped anterior portion of the outer covering of the eye; it covers the iris and pupil and is continuous with the sclera) }
{ pterygium, conjunctiva,@ (either of two thickened triangular layers of conjunctiva extending from the nasal edge of the eye to the cornea; it arises from irritation of the pinguecula) }
{ arcus, arcus_senilis, cornea,@ (a whitish deposit in the shape of an arc that is sometimes seen in the cornea) }
{ [ uvea, adj.pert:uveous,+ adj.pert:uveal,+ ] structure,@ eye,#p (the part of the eye that contains the iris and ciliary body and choroid) }
{ uveoscleral_pathway, tubule,@ eye,#p (a tubule that drains excess aqueous humor) }
{ aqueous_humor, aqueous_humour, liquid_body_substance,@ (the limpid fluid within the eyeball between the cornea and the lens) }
{ vitreous_humor, vitreous_humour, vitreous_body, liquid_body_substance,@ (the clear colorless transparent jelly that fills the posterior chamber of the eyeball) }
{ diaphragm, midriff, muscular_structure,@ membrane,@ torso,#p noun.cognition:anatomy,;c ((anatomy) a muscular partition separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities; functions in respiration) }
{ eardrum, tympanum, tympanic_membrane, myringa, membrane,@ ear,#p (the membrane in the ear that vibrates to sound) }
{ endocranium, membrane,@ skull,#p (membrane lining the inside of the skull) }
{ endosteum, membrane,@ long_bone,#p (vascular membrane that lines the inner surface of long bones) }
{ ependyma, membrane,@ (thin epithelial membrane lining the ventricles of the brain and the spinal cord canal) }
{ fertilization_membrane, membrane,@ (the membrane that forms around a fertilized ovum and prevents penetration by additional spermatozoon) }
{ hyaloid_membrane, hyaloid, membrane,@ (the transparent membrane enveloping the vitreous humor of the eye and separating it from the retina) }
{ [ intima, adj.pert:intimal,+ ] membrane,@ (the innermost membrane of an organ (especially the inner lining of an artery or vein or lymphatic vessel)) }
{ iris, membrane,@ eye,#p (muscular diaphragm that controls the size of the pupil which in turn controls the amount of light that enters the eye; it forms the colored portion of the eye) }
{ [ pupil, adj.pert:pupillary,+ ] noun.object:aperture,@ iris,#p (the contractile aperture in the center of the iris of the eye; resembles a large black dot) }
{ lens, crystalline_lens, lens_of_the_eye, organ,@ eye,#p (biconvex transparent body situated behind the iris in the eye; its role (along with the cornea) is to focus light on the retina) }
{ lens_cortex, cortex2, animal_tissue,@ lens,#p (the tissue that surrounds the lens nucleus) }
{ lens_nucleus, nucleus2, structure,@ (the central structure of the lens that is surrounded by the cortex) }
{ ear, sense_organ,@ head,#p auditory_system,#p vestibular_system,#p (the sense organ for hearing and equilibrium) }
{ organ_of_hearing, sense_organ,@ ear,#p (the part of the ear that is responsible for sensations of sound) }
{ inner_ear, internal_ear, labyrinth, sense_organ,@ auditory_apparatus,#p (a complex system of interconnecting cavities; concerned with hearing and equilibrium) }
{ membranous_labyrinth, structure,@ inner_ear,#p (the sensory structures of the inner ear including the labyrinthine receptors and the cochlea; contained within the bony labyrinth) }
{ bony_labyrinth, osseous_labyrinth, structure,@ inner_ear,#p (cavity in the petrous part of the temporal bone that contains the membranous labyrinth) }
{ endolymph, liquid_body_substance,@ inner_ear,#p (the bodily fluid that fills the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear) }
{ perilymph, liquid_body_substance,@ inner_ear,#p (the bodily fluid that fills the space between the bony labyrinth and the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear) }
{ utricle, utriculus, pouch,@ membranous_labyrinth,#p (a small pouch into which the semicircular canals open) }
{ saccule, sacculus, sac,@ membranous_labyrinth,#p (a small sac or pouch (especially the smaller chamber of the membranous labyrinth)) }
{ modiolus, bone,@ cochlea,#p (the central conical bony pillar of the cochlea) }
{ organ_of_Corti, organ_of_hearing,@ cochlea,#p (the hearing organ of the inner ear; contains receptors that respond to sound waves) }
{ vestibular_apparatus, vestibular_system, sensory_system,@ (organs mediating the labyrinthine sense; concerned with equilibrium) }
{ semicircular_canal, sense_organ,@ inner_ear,#p vestibular_apparatus,#p (one of three tube loops filled with fluid and in planes nearly at right angles with one another; concerned with equilibrium) }
{ stretch_receptor, sense_organ,@ (a receptor in a muscle that responds to stretching of the muscle tissue) }
{ earlobe, ear_lobe, lobe,@ auricle2,#p (the fleshy pendulous part of the external human ear) }
{ external_ear, outer_ear, external_organ,@ auditory_apparatus,#p (the part of the ear visible externally) }
{ [ auricle2, adj.pert:auricular2,+ ] pinna, ear1, cartilaginous_structure,@ external_ear,#p (the externally visible cartilaginous structure of the external ear) }
{ tragus, cartilaginous_structure,@ auricle2,#p (a small cartilaginous flap in front of the external opening of the ear) }
{ cauliflower_ear, auricle2,@ (an auricle deformed by injury; common among boxers) }
{ perforated_eardrum, eardrum,@ (an eardrum with a hole or tear in it; can interfere with normal hearing and cause other ear problems) }
{ umbo, noun.shape:convex_shape,@ eardrum,#p (a slight rounded elevation where the malleus attaches to the eardrum) }
{ mediastinum, cavity,@ chest_cavity,#p (the part of the thoracic cavity between the lungs that contains the heart and aorta and esophagus and trachea and thymus) }
{ middle_ear, tympanic_cavity, tympanum1, cavity,@ auditory_apparatus,#p (the main cavity of the ear; between the eardrum and the inner ear) }
{ Eustachian_tube, auditory_tube, salpinx,@ middle_ear,#p (either of the paired tubes connecting the middle ears to the nasopharynx; equalizes air pressure on the two sides of the eardrum) }
{ fenestra, orifice,@ ear,#p noun.cognition:otology,;c (a small opening covered with membrane (especially one in the bone between the middle and inner ear)) }
{ fenestra_ovalis, fenestra_vestibuli, oval_window, fenestra_of_the_vestibule, fenestra,@ (fenestra that has the base of the stapes attached to it) }
{ fenestra_rotunda, fenestra_cochleae, round_window, fenestra_of_the_cochlea, fenestra,@ (fenestra leading into the cochlea) }
{ malleus, hammer, auditory_ossicle,@ middle_ear,#p (the ossicle attached to the eardrum) }
{ lamella, membrane,@ bone,#p (a thin membrane that is one of the calcified layers that form bones) }
{ lens_capsule, capsule,@ lens,#p (a tenuous mesoblastic membrane surrounding the lens of the eye) }
{ incus, anvil, auditory_ossicle,@ middle_ear,#p (the ossicle between the malleus and the stapes) }
{ stapes, stirrup, auditory_ossicle,@ middle_ear,#p (the stirrup-shaped ossicle that transmits sound from the incus to the cochlea) }
{ cochlea, tube,@ inner_ear,#p (the snail-shaped tube (in the inner ear coiled around the modiolus) where sound vibrations are converted into nerve impulses by the organ of Corti) }
{ meninx, [ meninges, adj.pert:meningeal,+ ] membrane,@ (a membrane (one of 3) that envelops the brain and spinal cord) }
{ mucous_membrane, [ mucosa, adj.pert:mucosal,+ ] membrane,@ (mucus-secreting membrane lining all body cavities or passages that communicate with the exterior) }
{ periosteum, membrane,@ (a dense fibrous membrane covering the surface of bones (except at their extremities) and serving as an attachment for tendons and muscles; contains nerves and blood vessels that nourish the enclosed bone) }
{ [ perithelium, adj.pert:perithelial,+ ] membrane,@ (tissue layer around small blood vessels) }
{ [ gland, adj.pert:glandular,+ ] secretory_organ, [ secretor, verb.body:secrete,+ ] secreter, organ,@ (any of various organs that synthesize substances needed by the body and release it through ducts or directly into the bloodstream) }
{ oil_gland, exocrine_gland,@ (a gland that secretes oil) }
{ sebaceous_gland, sebaceous_follicle, glandulae_sebaceae, oil_gland,@ integumentary_system,#p hair_follicle,#p (a cutaneous gland that secretes sebum (usually into a hair follicle) for lubricating hair and skin) }
{ Meibomian_gland, tarsal_gland, sebaceous_gland,@ (a long sebaceous gland that lubricates the eyelids; "bacterial infection of a Meibomian gland produces a stye") }
{ Montgomery's_tubercle, sebaceous_gland,@ (one of the sebaceous glands on the areolae of the breast that lubricate the breast during breast-feeding) }
{ exocrine_gland, exocrine, duct_gland, gland,@ (a gland that secretes externally through a duct) }
{ digestive_system, gastrointestinal_system, systema_alimentarium, systema_digestorium, system,@ body,#p (the system that makes food absorbable into the body) }
{ endocrine_system, system,@ body,#p (the system of glands that produce endocrine secretions that help to control bodily metabolic activity) }
{ endocrine_gland, [ endocrine1, adj.pert:endocrinal,+ ] ductless_gland, gland,@ endocrine_system,#p (any of the glands of the endocrine system that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream) }
{ thyroid_gland, [ thyroid, adj.pert:thyroidal,+ ] endocrine_gland,@ (located near the base of the neck) }
{ parathyroid_gland, parathyroid, endocrine_gland,@ (any one of four endocrine glands situated above or within the thyroid gland) }
{ sweat_duct, ductule,@ (a small duct that conveys sweat from a sudoriferous gland to the surface of the skin) }
{ sweat_gland, sudoriferous_gland, exocrine_gland,@ skin,#p (any of the glands in the skin that secrete perspiration) }
{ apocrine_gland, sweat_gland,@ (a large sweat gland that produces both a fluid and an apocrine secretion; in human beings located in hairy regions of the body) }
{ eccrine_gland, sweat_gland,@ (a small sweat gland that produces only a fluid; restricted to the human skin) }
{ adrenal_gland, [ adrenal, adj.pert:adrenal,+ ] suprarenal_gland, endocrine_gland,@ kidney,#p (either of a pair of complex endocrine glands situated near the kidney) }
{ prostate_gland, [ prostate, adj.pert:prostatic,+ ] endocrine_gland,@ male_reproductive_system,#p (a firm partly muscular chestnut sized gland in males at the neck of the urethra; produces a viscid secretion that is the fluid part of semen) }
{ lacrimal_gland, lachrymal_gland, tear_gland, exocrine_gland,@ lacrimal_apparatus,#p (any of the glands in the eyes that secrete tears) }
{ lacrimal_duct, lachrymal_duct, tear_duct, duct,@ lacrimal_apparatus,#p (any of several small ducts that carry tears from the lacrimal glands) }
{ lacrimal_sac, tear_sac, dacryocyst, vesicle,@ lacrimal_apparatus,#p (either of the two dilated ends of the lacrimal ducts at the nasal ends of the eyes that fill with tears secreted by the lacrimal glands) }
{ lacrimal_bone, bone,@ eye_socket,#p (small fragile bone making up part of the front inner walls of each eye socket and providing room for the passage of the lacrimal ducts) }
{ nasolacrimal_duct, duct,@ (a duct that carries tears from the lacrimal sac to the nasal cavity) }
{ thymus_gland, thymus, endocrine_gland,@ neck,#p immune_system,#p (a ductless glandular organ at the base of the neck that produces lymphocytes and aids in producing immunity; atrophies with age) }
{ kidney, excretory_organ,@ urinary_tract,#p (either of two bean-shaped excretory organs that filter wastes (especially urea) from the blood and excrete them and water in urine; "urine passes out of the kidney through ureters to the bladder") }
{ excretory_organ, urinary_organ, internal_organ,@ urogenital_system,#p (an organ that separates waste substances from the blood and discharges them) }
{ [ spleen, adj.pert:splenic,+ adj.pert:splenetic,+ ] [ lien, adj.pert:lienal,+ ] lymphatic_tissue,@ lymphatic_system,#p (a large dark-red oval organ on the left side of the body between the stomach and the diaphragm; produces cells involved in immune responses) }

{ [ artery, adj.pert:arterial,+ ] arteria, arterial_blood_vessel, blood_vessel,@ (a blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the body) }
{ alveolar_artery, arteria_alveolaris, artery,@ alveolar_ridge,#p (a branch of the maxillary artery that supplies the alveolar process) }
{ inferior_alveolar_artery, arteria_alveolaris_inferior, alveolar_artery,@ (the alveolar artery that goes through the mandibular canal to supply the lower teeth) }
{ superior_alveolar_artery, arteria_alveolaris_superior, alveolar_artery,@ (the alveolar artery that supplies the upper teeth) }
{ angular_artery, arteria_angularis, artery,@ (the terminal branch of the facial artery) }
{ [ aorta, adj.pert:aortic,+ adj.pert:aortal,+ ] artery,@ (the large trunk artery that carries blood from the left ventricle of the heart to branch arteries) }
{ ascending_aorta, aorta,@ (the ascending part of the aorta as it emerges from the left ventricle) }
{ aortic_arch, aorta,@ (the part of the aorta that arches and turns downward) }
{ descending_aorta, aorta,@ (the descending part of the aorta that branches into the thoracic and abdominal aortae) }
{ abdominal_aorta, aorta,@ abdomen,#p (a branch of the descending aorta) }
{ thoracic_aorta, aorta,@ chest,#p (a branch of the descending aorta; divides into the iliac arteries) }
{ appendicular_artery, arteria_appendicularis, artery,@ (the branch of the ileocolic artery that supplies the vermiform appendix) }
{ arcuate_artery, arteria_arcuata, artery,@ human_foot,#p (curved artery in the foot) }
{ arcuate_artery_of_the_kidney, artery,@ kidney,#p (curved arteries of the kidney) }
{ [ arteriole, adj.pert:arteriolar,+ ] [ arteriola, adj.pert:arteriolar,+ ] capillary_artery, artery,@ (one of the small thin-walled arteries that end in capillaries) }
{ artery_of_the_penis_bulb, arteria_bulbi_penis, artery,@ (a branch of the internal pudendal artery of males that supplies the bulb of the penis) }
{ artery_of_the_vestibule_bulb, arteria_bulbi_vestibuli, artery,@ (a branch of the internal pudendal artery in females that supplies the bulb of the vestibule) }
{ ascending_artery, arteria_ascendens, artery,@ ascending_colon,#p (the branch of the ileocolic artery that supplies the ascending colon) }
{ auricular_artery, arteria_auricularis, artery,@ ear,#p (artery that supplies blood to the ear) }
{ axillary_artery, arteria_axillaris, artery,@ armpit,#p (the part of the main artery of the arm that lies in the armpit and is continuous with the subclavian artery above and the brachial artery below) }
{ basilar_artery, arteria_basilaris, artery,@ head,#p (an unpaired artery; supplies the pons and cerebellum and the back part of the cerebrum and the inner ear) }
{ brachial_artery, arteria_brachialis, artery,@ arm,#p (the main artery of the upper arm; a continuation of the axillary artery; bifurcates into the radial and ulnar arteries at the elbow) }
{ radial_artery, arteria_radialis, artery,@ (branch of the brachial artery beginning below the elbow and extending down the forearm around the wrist and into the palm) }
{ bronchial_artery, artery,@ lung,#p (arteries that accompany the bronchioles) }
{ buccal_artery, arteria_buccalis, artery,@ cheek,#p (a branch of the maxillary artery that supplies blood to the buccinator muscle and the cheek) }
{ carotid_artery, arteria_carotis, artery,@ neck,#p (either of two major arteries of the neck and head; branches from the aorta) }
{ common_carotid_artery, common_carotid, carotid_artery,@ (runs upward in the neck and divides into the external and internal carotid arteries) }
{ external_carotid_artery, external_carotid, carotid_artery,@ (the branch of the carotid artery that supplies blood to the face and tongue and external parts of the head) }
{ internal_carotid_artery, carotid_artery,@ (the branch of the carotid artery that supplies blood to the brain and eyes and internal parts of the head) }
{ carotid_body, chemoreceptor,@ (a chemoreceptor located near the bifurcations of the carotid arteries; monitors oxygen content of the blood and helps control respiration) }
{ celiac_trunk, celiac_artery, truncus_celiacus, arteria_celiaca, artery,@ (an artery that originates from the abdominal aorta just below the diaphragm and branches into the left gastric artery and the common hepatic artery and the splenic artery) }
{ central_artery_of_the_retina, arteria_centralis_retinae, eye,#p artery,@ (a branch of the ophthalmic artery; enters the eyeball with the optic nerve) }
{ cerebellar_artery, arteria_cerebelli, artery,@ cerebellum,#p (an artery that supplies the cerebellum) }
{ inferior_cerebellar_artery, cerebellar_artery,@ (the inferior branch of the cerebellar artery) }
{ superior_cerebellar_artery, cerebellar_artery,@ (the superior branch of the cerebellar artery) }
{ cerebral_artery, arteria_cerebri, artery,@ (any of the arteries supplying blood to the cerebral cortex) }
{ anterior_cerebral_artery, cerebral_artery,@ (one of two branches of the internal carotid artery; divides into two branches that serve (1) the thalamus and (2) parts of the frontal and parietal cortex) }
{ middle_cerebral_artery, cerebral_artery,@ (one of two branches of the internal carotid artery; divides into three branches) }
{ posterior_cerebral_artery, cerebral_artery,@ (arises from the basilar artery; divides into three branches) }
{ cervical_artery, areteria_cervicalis, artery,@ neck,#p (an artery that supplies the muscles of the neck) }
{ choroidal_artery, arteria_choroidea, artery,@ choroid_plexus,#p (an artery that supplies the choroid plexus) }
{ ciliary_artery, arteria_ciliaris, artery,@ eye,#p (one of several arteries supplying the choroid coat of the eye) }
{ circle_of_Willis, artery,@ brain,#p (a ring of arteries at the base of the brain) }
{ circumflex_artery, artery,@ (any of several paired curving arteries) }
{ circumflex_artery_of_the_thigh, arteria_circumflexa_femoris, circumflex_artery,@ thigh,#p (an artery that supplies the hip joint and thigh muscles) }
{ circumflex_humeral_artery, arteria_circumflexa_humeri, circumflex_artery,@ shoulder2,#p (an artery that supplies the shoulder joint and shoulder muscles) }
{ circumflex_iliac_artery, arteria_circumflexa_ilium, circumflex_artery,@ (an artery that supplies the lower abdominal walls and skin and the sartorius muscle) }
{ circumflex_scapular_artery, arteria_circumflexa_scapulae, circumflex_artery,@ shoulder2,#p (an artery that serves the muscles of the shoulder and scapular area) }
{ colic_artery, arteria_colica, artery,@ abdomen,#p (arteries that supply blood to the colon) }
{ communicating_artery, arteria_communicans, artery,@ brain,#p (any of three arteries in the brain that make up the circle of Willis) }
{ coronary_artery, arteria_coronaria, artery,@ heart,#p (the artery that branches from the aorta to supply blood to the heart) }
{ atrial_artery, coronary_artery,@ (the branch of the coronary artery that supplies the muscles of the atria) }
{ right_coronary_artery, coronary_artery,@ (arises from the right aortic sinus; supplies the right side of the heart) }
{ left_coronary_artery, coronary_artery,@ (arises from the left aortic sinus; supplies the left side of the heart) }
{ cystic_artery, arteria_cystica, artery,@ (a branch of the hepatic artery; supplies the gall bladder and the surface of the liver) }
{ digital_arteries, arteria_digitalis, artery,@ hand,#p human_foot,#p (arteries in the hand and foot that supply the fingers and toes) }
{ epigastric_artery, arteria_epigastrica, artery,@ (one of three arteries supplying the anterior walls of the abdomen) }
{ ethmoidal_artery, arteria_ethmoidalis, artery,@ nose,#p (a branch of the ophthalmic artery supplying structures in and around the nasal capsule) }
{ facial_artery, arteria_facialis, external_maxillary_artery, maxillary_artery,@ (an artery that originates in the external carotid and gives off branches that supply the neck and face) }
{ femoral_artery, arteria_femoralis, artery,@ thigh,#p (the chief artery of the thigh; a continuation of the external iliac artery) }
{ popliteal_artery, arteria_poplitea, artery,@ (a continuation of the femoral artery that branches to supply the legs and feet) }
{ gastric_artery, arteria_gastrica, artery,@ stomach,#p (the arteries that supply the walls of the stomach) }
{ right_gastric_artery, ateria_gastrica_dextra, gastric_artery,@ (a branch of the hepatic artery that supplies the pyloric portion of the stomach on the lesser curvature) }
{ left_gastric_artery, arteria_gastrica_sinistra, gastric_artery,@ (a branch of the celiac artery that supplies the lesser curvature of the stomach and the abdominal part of the esophagus) }
{ short_gastric_artery, arteria_gastrica_breves, vasa_brevis, gastric_artery,@ (several small arteries branching off of the splenic artery and going to the greater curvature of the stomach) }
{ gluteal_artery, arteria_glutes, artery,@ hip,#p (branches of the internal iliac artery that supply the hip joint and gluteal region) }
{ hepatic_artery, arteria_hepatica, artery,@ liver,#p (arteries that supply the liver) }
{ ileal_artery, intestinal_artery, arteria_ileum, artery,@ small_intestine,#p (branch of the superior mesenteric artery that supplies the ileum) }
{ ileocolic_artery, arteria_ileocolica, artery,@ (an artery that originates from the superior mesenteric artery and supplies the terminal part of the ileum and the cecum and the vermiform appendix and the ascending colon) }
{ iliac_artery, arteria_iliaca, artery,@ ilium,#p (one of the large arteries supplying blood to the pelvis and legs) }
{ common_iliac_artery, iliac_artery,@ (terminal branches of the abdominal aorta) }
{ external_iliac_artery, iliac_artery,@ (the outer branch of the common iliac artery on either side of the body; becomes the femoral artery) }
{ internal_iliac_artery, hypogastric_artery, iliac_artery,@ (the inner branch of the common iliac artery on either side of the body; divides into several branches that supply blood to the pelvic and gluteal areas) }
{ iliolumbar_artery, arteria_iliolumbalis, artery,@ (an artery that originates in the internal iliac artery and supplies the pelvic muscles and bones) }
{ infraorbital_artery, arteria_infraorbitalis, artery,@ (an artery that originates from the maxillary artery and supplies structures below the orbit (from lower eyelid to upper lip)) }
{ innominate_artery, artery,@ (a large artery arising from the arch of the aorta and divides into the right subclavian artery and the right common carotid artery; supplies the right side of the neck and head and the right shoulder and arm) }
{ intercostal_artery, arteria_intercostalis, artery,@ (several arteries and supplying the intercostal spaces of the rib cage) }
{ jejunal_artery, intestinal_artery1, artery,@ small_intestine,#p (an artery that is a branch of the superior mesenteric artery that supplies the jejunum) }
{ labial_artery, arteria_labialis, artery,@ lip,#p (an artery that is a branch of the facial artery that supplies the lips of the mouth) }
{ inferior_labial_artery, arteria_labialis_inferior, labial_artery,@ (an artery that is a branch of the facial artery that supplies the lower lip) }
{ superior_labial_artery, arteria_labialis_superior, labial_artery,@ (an artery that is a branch of the facial artery that supplies the upper lip) }
{ labyrinthine_artery, artery_of_the_labyrinth, internal_auditory_artery, artery,@ inner_ear,#p (an artery that is a branch of the basilar artery that supplies the labyrinth) }
{ lacrimal_artery, arteria_lacrimalis, artery,@ eye,#p (an artery that originates from the ophthalmic artery and supplies the lacrimal gland and rectal eye muscles and the upper eyelid and the forehead) }
{ laryngeal_artery, arteria_laryngea, artery,@ larynx,#p (either of two arteries that supply blood to the larynx) }
{ lienal_artery, splenic_artery, arteria_lienalis, artery,@ spleen,#p (an artery that originates from the celiac trunk and supplies blood to the spleen) }
{ lingual_artery, arteria_lingualis, artery,@ mouth,#p (an artery originating from the external carotid artery and supplying the under side of the tongue) }
{ lumbar_artery, arteria_lumbalis, artery,@ (one of four or five pairs of arteries that originate in the abdominal aorta and supply the lumbar vertebrae and the back muscles and abdominal wall) }
{ maxillary_artery, arteria_maxillaris, artery,@ (either of two arteries branching from the external carotid artery and supplying structure of the face) }
{ internal_maxillary_artery, maxillary_artery,@ (the maxillary artery that supplies deep structure of the face and some of the meninges) }
{ meningeal_artery, arteria_meningea, artery,@ (any of three arteries supplying the meninges of the brain and neighboring structures) }
{ anterior_meningeal_artery, meningeal_artery,@ (branch of the anterior ethmoidal artery that supplies meninges in the anterior cranial fossa) }
{ middle_meningeal_artery, meningeal_artery,@ (branch of the maxillary artery; its branches supply meninges) }
{ posterior_meningeal_artery, meningeal_artery,@ (branch of the ascending pharyngeal artery that supplies the dura mater of the posterior cranial fossa) }
{ mesenteric_artery, arteria_mesenterica, artery,@ (one of two branches of the aorta that pass between the two layers of the mesentery to the intestines) }
{ inferior_mesenteric_artery, mesenteric_artery,@ (arises near the lower end of the aorta and supplies the large intestine) }
{ superior_mesenteric_artery, mesenteric_artery,@ (originates from the upper part of the aorta that supplies the small intestines and the cecum and the colon) }
{ metacarpal_artery, arteria_metacarpea, artery,@ hand,#p (dorsal and palmar arteries of the hand) }
{ metatarsal_artery, arteria_metatarsea, artery,@ human_foot,#p (dorsal and plantar arteries to the metatarsal region of the foot) }
{ musculophrenic_artery, arteria_musculophrenica, artery,@ (an artery that supplies the abdomen and intercostal muscles) }
{ nutrient_artery, arteria_nutricia, artery,@ (an artery that supplies the medullary cavity of the long bone) }
{ ophthalmic_artery, arteria_ophthalmica, artery,@ (a branch of the internal carotid artery that supplies the eye and neighboring structures) }
{ ovarian_artery, arteria_ovarica, artery,@ ovary,#p (the artery that branches from the aorta and supplies blood to the ovaries) }
{ palatine_artery, arteria_palatina, artery,@ (one of several arteries supplying the face) }
{ pancreatic_artery, arteria_pancreatica, artery,@ (a branch of the splenic artery that supplies the pancreas) }
{ perineal_artery, arteria_perinealis, artery,@ (a branch of the internal pudendal artery that supplies superficial structures of the perineum) }
{ pudendal_artery, arteria_pudenda, artery,@ (arteries supplying the external genital organs of humans) }
{ pulmonary_artery, arteria_pulmonalis, artery,@ (one of two arteries (branches of the pulmonary trunk) that carry venous blood from the heart to the lungs) }
{ pulmonary_trunk, truncus_pulmonalis, pulmonary_artery,@ (the artery that carries venous blood from the right ventricle of the heart and divides into the right and left pulmonary arteries) }
{ rectal_artery, arteria_rectalis, artery,@ rectum,#p (one of the arteries supplying the rectal area) }
{ renal_artery, arteria_renalis, artery,@ kidney,#p (an artery originating from the abdominal aorta and supplying the kidneys and adrenal glands and ureters) }
{ subclavian_artery, arteria_subclavia, artery,@ clavicle,#p (either of two arteries that supply blood to the neck and arms) }
{ temporal_artery, cerebral_artery,@ (any of the three arteries on either side of the brain supplying the cortex of the temporal lobe) }
{ anterior_temporal_artery, arteria_temporalis_anterior, temporal_artery,@ (temporal artery that goes to the anterior part of the cerebral cortex of the temporal lobe) }
{ intermediate_temporal_artery, arteria_temporalis_intermedia, temporal_artery,@ (temporal artery that goes to the middle part of the cerebral cortex of the temporal lobe) }
{ posterior_temporal_artery, arteria_temporalis_posterior, temporal_artery,@ (temporal artery that supplies the posterior part of the cortex of the temporal lobe) }
{ testicular_artery, internal_spermatic_artery, arteria_testicularis, artery,@ testis,#p (a branch of the aorta supplying the testicles) }
{ ulnar_artery, arteria_ulnaris, artery,@ (large artery that branches from the brachial artery to supply the muscles of the forearm and wrist and hand) }
{ uterine_artery, arteria_uterina, artery,@ uterus,#p (a branch of the internal iliac artery that supplies the uterus and the upper part of the vagina) }
{ vaginal_artery, arteria_vaginalis, artery,@ vagina,#p (a branch of the internal iliac that provides blood for the vagina and the base of the bladder and the rectum) }
{ vertebral_artery, arteria_vertebralis, artery,@ (the first branch of the subclavian artery; divided into four parts) }

{ accessory_cephalic_vein, vena_cephalica_accessoria, vein,@ forearm,#p (a vein that passes along the radial edge of the forearm and joins the cephalic vein near the elbow) }
{ accessory_hemiazygos_vein, accessory_hemiazygous_vein, vena_hemiazygos_accessoria, vein,@ (a vein formed by the union of the 4th to 7th posterior intercostal veins; empties into the azygos vein) }
{ accessory_vertebral_vein, vena_vertebralis_accessoria, vein,@ (a vein that accompanies the vertebral vein but passes through the foramen of the transverse process of the 7th cervical vertebra and empties into the brachiocephalic vein) }
{ accompanying_vein, vena_comitans, vein,@ (a vein accompanying another structure; a vein may accompany an artery in such a way that the arterial pulses aid venous return) }
{ anastomotic_vein, vena_anastomotica, vein,@ (either of two communicating veins serving the brain) }
{ angular_vein, vena_angularis, vein,@ (a short vein formed by the supraorbital vein and the supratrochlear vein and continuing as the facial vein) }
{ anterior_vertebral_vein, vena_vertebralis_anterior, vein,@ (a vein that accompanies the ascending cervical artery and opens into the vertebral vein) }
{ appendicular_vein, vena_appendicularis, vein,@ (a vein that accompanies the appendicular artery and empties into the ileocolic vein) }
{ arcuate_vein_of_the_kidney, vena_arcuata_renis, vein,@ kidney,#p (veins that receive blood from interlobular veins of kidney and rectal venules) }
{ auricular_vein, vena_auricularis, vein,@ (one of two veins serving the ear region) }
{ axillary_vein, vena_axillaris, vein,@ (a continuation of the basilic vein and brachial vein that becomes the subclavian vein) }
{ azygos_vein, azygous_vein, vena_azygos, vein,@ (one of a system of veins that drain the thoracic and abdominal walls; arises as a continuation of the right ascending lumbar vein and terminates in the superior vena cava) }
{ basal_vein, vena_basalis, vein,@ (a large vein passing along the medial surface of the temporal lobe and emptying into the great cerebral vein) }
{ basilic_vein, vena_basilica, vein,@ forearm,#p (a vein that drains the back of the hand and forearm and empties into the axillary vein) }
{ basivertebral_vein, vena_basivertebralis, vein,@ (one of a number of veins draining the spongy substance of the vertebrae and emptying into the anterior internal vertebral venous plexus) }
{ brachial_vein, vena_brachialis, vein,@ (two veins in either arm that accompany the brachial artery and empty into the axillary vein) }
{ brachiocephalic_vein, innominate_vein, vena_brachiocephalica, vein,@ (veins formed by the union of the internal jugular and subclavian veins) }
{ bronchial_vein, vena_bronchialis, vein,@ (veins serving the bronchi; empty into the azygos vein) }
{ cardinal_vein, vein,@ (any of the major venous channels in primitive adult vertebrates and in embryos of higher vertebrates) }
{ anterior_cardinal_vein, cardinal_vein,@ (a major drainage channel from the cephalic part of the body) }
{ posterior_cardinal_vein, cardinal_vein,@ (a major drainage channel from the caudal part of the body) }
{ common_cardinal_vein, cardinal_vein,@ (the major return channels to the heart; formed by anastomosis of the anterior and posterior cardinal veins) }
{ central_veins_of_liver, venae_centrales_hepatis, vein,@ (terminal branches of the hepatic veins that lie in the hepatic lobules and receive blood from the liver sinusoids) }
{ central_vein_of_retina, vena_centrales_retinae, vein,@ (vein formed by the union of the retinal veins; accompanies central arteries of the retina in the optic nerve) }
{ central_vein_of_suprarenal_gland, vena_centralis_glandulae_suprarenalis, vein,@ (a single draining vein; on the right it empties into the inferior vena cava; on the left it empties into the left renal vein) }
{ cephalic_vein, vena_cephalica, vein,@ arm,#p (a large vein of the arm that empties into the axillary vein) }
{ cerebellar_vein, vena_cerebellum, vein,@ (the veins draining the cerebellum) }
{ cerebral_vein, vena_cerebri, vein,@ (any of several veins serving the cerebral hemispheres of the brain) }
{ anterior_cerebral_vein, vena_cerebri_anterior, cerebral_vein,@ (accompanies the anterior cerebral artery and empties into the basal vein) }
{ anterior_facial_vein, vena_facialis_anterior, facial_vein,@ (a continuation of the angular vein; unites with the retromandibular vein before emptying into the internal jugular vein) }
{ great_cerebral_vein, vena_cerebri_magna, cerebral_vein,@ (a cerebral vein formed by the two internal cerebral veins and continuing into the sinus rectus) }
{ inferior_cerebral_vein, venae_cerebrum_inferior, cerebral_vein,@ (veins that drain the undersurface of the cerebral hemispheres and empty into the cavernous and transverse sinuses) }
{ internal_cerebral_vein, vena_cerebrum_internus, cerebral_vein,@ (two paired veins passing caudally near the midline and uniting to form the great cerebral vein) }
{ middle_cerebral_vein, vena_cerebri_media, cerebral_vein,@ (either of two cerebral veins) }
{ deep_middle_cerebral_vein, middle_cerebral_vein,@ (accompanies the middle cerebral artery deep in the Sylvian fissure; empties into the basal vein) }
{ superficial_middle_cerebral_vein, middle_cerebral_vein,@ (a large vein along the line of the Sylvian fissure to the cavernous sinus) }
{ superior_cerebral_vein, vena_cerebrum_superior, cerebral_vein,@ (a cerebral vein that drains the dorsal convexity of the cerebral hemisphere and empties into the cavernous sinus) }
{ cervical_vein, deep_cervical_vein, vena_cervicalis_profunda, vein,@ (a vein that accompanies an artery of the same name) }
{ choroid_vein, vena_choroidea, vein,@ (either of two veins serving the choroid coat of the eye) }
{ ciliary_veins, venae_ciliares, vein,@ (small veins coming from the ciliary body) }
{ circumflex_vein, vena_circumflexa, vein,@ (any of several curved parallel veins accompanying arteries of the same name) }
{ circumflex_iliac_vein, vena_circumflexa_ilium, circumflex_vein,@ (accompanies the artery of the same name) }
{ circumflex_femoral_vein, vena_circumflexus_femoris, circumflex_vein,@ (either of two veins that accompany arteries of the same name serving the hip and thigh) }
{ clitoral_vein, vena_clitoridis, vein,@ (veins that serve the clitoris) }
{ colic_vein, vena_colica, vein,@ (vein serving the large intestine) }
{ common_facial_vein, vein,@ (vein formed by union of facial vein and the retromandibular vein and emptying into the jugular vein) }
{ conjunctival_veins, venae_conjunctivales, vein,@ (veins draining the conjunctiva) }
{ costoaxillary_vein, vein,@ (one of several veins connecting intercostal veins with the lateral thoracic vein or the thoracoepigastric vein) }
{ cutaneous_vein, vena_cutanea, vein,@ (one of a number of veins in the subcutaneous tissue that empty into deep veins) }
{ cystic_vein, vena_cystica, vein,@ (vein that drains the gallbladder) }
{ digital_vein, vena_digitalis, vein,@ (one of the veins serving the fingers or toes) }
{ diploic_vein, vena_diploica, vein,@ (one of the veins serving the spongy part of the cranial bones) }
{ dorsal_scapular_vein, vena_scapularis_dorsalis, vein,@ (vein that is a tributary of the subclavian vein or external jugular vein and accompanies the descending scapular artery) }
{ emissary_vein, vena_emissaria, vein,@ (one of several connecting veins in the scalp and head that drain blood from sinuses in the dura mater to veins outside the skull) }
{ epigastric_vein, vein,@ (veins serving the anterior walls of the abdomen) }
{ inferior_epigastric_vein, vena_epigastrica_inferior, epigastric_vein,@ (empties into the external iliac vein) }
{ superficial_epigastric_vein, vena_epigastrica_superficialis, epigastric_vein,@ (empties into the great saphenous vein) }
{ superior_epigastric_veins, venae_epigastricae_superiores, epigastric_vein,@ (veins that accompany the superior epigastric artery) }
{ episcleral_veins, venae_episclerales, venule,@ (small veins in the sclera near the corneal margin; empty into the anterior ciliary veins) }
{ esophageal_veins, oesophageal_veins, venae_esophageae, vein,@ (small veins from the esophagus emptying into the brachiocephalic vein or the azygos veins) }
{ ethmoidal_vein, vena_ethmoidalis, vein,@ (veins that drain the ethmoidal sinuses and empty into the superior ophthalmic vein) }
{ external_nasal_vein, vena_nasalis_externa, vein,@ (one of the veins that drain the external nose and empty into the angular or facial vein) }
{ facial_vein, vena_facialis, vein,@ face,#p (any of several veins draining the face) }
{ femoral_vein, vena_femoralis, vein,@ thigh,#p (a vein that accompanies the femoral artery in the same sheath; a continuation of the popliteal vein; becomes the external iliac vein) }
{ gastric_vein, vena_gastrica, vein,@ stomach,#p (one of several veins draining the stomach walls) }
{ gastroomental_vein, gastroepiploic_vein, vena_gastroomentalis, vein,@ stomach,#p (one of two veins serving the great curvature of the stomach) }
{ genicular_vein, vena_genus, vein,@ knee,#p (veins that drain blood from structures around the knee; empty into the popliteal vein) }
{ glans, structure,@ (a small rounded structure; especially that at the end of the penis or clitoris) }
{ glans_clitoridis, glans,@ clitoris,#p (small mass of erectile tissue at the end of the body of the clitoris) }
{ glans_penis, glans,@ penis,#p (the conical mass of erectile tissue that forms the head of the penis) }
{ gluteal_vein, vena_gluteus, vein,@ (veins draining the gluteal muscles on either side of the body) }
{ hemizygos_vein, hemizygous_vein, vena_hemizygos, vein,@ (a continuation of the left ascending lumbar vein; crosses the midline at the 8th vertebra and empties into the azygos vein) }
{ hemorrhoidal_vein, rectal_vein, vena_rectalis, vein,@ (any of several veins draining the walls of the anal canal and rectum) }
{ hepatic_vein, vena_hepatica, vein,@ liver,#p (a vein that drains the liver; empties into the vena cava) }
{ hypogastric_vein, internal_iliac_vein, iliac_vein,@ (a vein that unites with the external iliac vein to form the common iliac vein) }
{ ileocolic_vein, vena_ileocolica, vein,@ (a vein that drains the end of the ileum and the appendix and the cecum and the lower part of the ascending colon) }
{ external_iliac_vein, iliac_vein,@ (a continuation of the femoral vein; unites with the internal iliac vein to form the common iliac vein) }
{ common_iliac_vein, iliac_vein,@ (formed by the internal and external iliac veins; unites with its fellow from the opposite side of the body to form the inferior vena cava) }
{ iliac_vein, vena_iliaca, vein,@ (one of three veins draining the pelvic area) }
{ iliolumbar_vein, vena_iliolumbalis, vein,@ (a branch of the internal iliac vein) }
{ intercapitular_vein, vena_intercapitalis, vein,@ hand,#p human_foot,#p (veins connecting the dorsal and palmar veins of the hand or the dorsal and plantar veins of the foot) }
{ intercostal_vein, vena_intercostalis, vein,@ (several veins draining the intercostal spaces of the rib cage) }
{ intervertebral_vein, vena_intervertebralis, vein,@ (one of several veins accompanying spinal nerves) }
{ [ jugular_vein, adj.pert:jugular,+ ] vena_jugularis, jugular, vein,@ neck,#p (veins in the neck that return blood from the head) }
{ anterior_jugular_vein, jugular_vein,@ (arises below the chin from veins draining the lower face; joins the external jugular vein) }
{ external_jugular_vein, jugular_vein,@ (formed by the junction of the posterior auricular and the retromandibular veins; empties into the subclavian vein) }
{ internal_jugular_vein, jugular_vein,@ (a continuation of the sigmoid sinus of the dura mater; joins the subclavian vein to form the brachiocephalic vein) }
{ labial_vein, vena_labialis, vein,@ lip,#p (a vein draining the lips of the mouth) }
{ inferior_labial_vein, vena_labialis_inferior, labial_vein,@ (a tributary of the facial vein that drains the lower lip) }
{ superior_labial_vein, vena_labialis_superior, labial_vein,@ (a tributary of the facial vein that drains the upper lip) }
{ labial_vein1, vena_labialis1, vein,@ vulva,#p (veins draining the lips of the vulva) }
{ labyrinthine_vein, internal_auditory_vein, vein,@ inner_ear,#p (veins that drain the inner ear) }
{ lacrimal_vein, vena_lacrimalis, vein,@ eye,#p (drains the lacrimal gland; empties into the superior ophthalmic vein) }
{ laryngeal_vein, vena_laryngea, vein,@ larynx,#p (one of two veins draining the larynx) }
{ left_gastric_vein, vena_gastrica_sinistra, gastric_vein,@ (arises from a union of veins from the gastric cardia; runs in the lesser omentum; empties into the portal vein) }
{ lingual_vein, vena_lingualis, vein,@ mouth,#p (a vein that receives blood from the tongue and the floor of the mouth and empties into the internal jugular or the facial vein) }
{ lumbar_vein, vena_lumbalis, vein,@ (veins that drain the posterior body wall and the lumbar vertebral venous plexuses) }
{ maxillary_vein, vena_maxillaris, vein,@ (posterior continuation of the pterygoid plexus; joins the superficial temporal vein to form the retromandibular vein) }
{ meningeal_veins, venae_meningeae, vein,@ (veins at accompany the meningeal arteries) }
{ mesenteric_vein, vena_mesenterica, vein,@ (a tributary of the portal vein passing from the intestine between the two layers of mesentery) }
{ metacarpal_vein, vena_metacarpus, vein,@ hand,#p (dorsal and palmar veins of the hand) }
{ metatarsal_vein, vena_metatarsus, vein,@ human_foot,#p (dorsal and plantar branches of veins serving the metatarsal region of the foot) }
{ musculophrenic_vein, vena_musculophrenica, vein,@ (veins that drain the upper abdominal wall and the lower intercostal spaces and the abdomen) }
{ nasofrontal_vein, vena_nasofrontalis, vein,@ (a vein located in the anterior medial part of the orbit; connects the superior ophthalmic with the angular vein) }
{ oblique_vein_of_the_left_atrium, vena_obliqua_atrii_sinistri, vein,@ (a tributary of the coronary sinus; on the posterior wall of the left atrium) }
{ obturator_vein, vena_obturatoria, vein,@ (a vein formed by the union of tributaries that drain the hip joints and thigh muscles; empties into the internal iliac vein) }
{ occipital_vein, vena_occipitalis, vein,@ (a vein that drains the occipital region) }
{ ophthalmic_vein, vena_ophthalmica, vein,@ (either of two veins that serve the eye; empties into the cavernous sinus) }
{ inferior_ophthalmic_vein, ophthalmic_vein,@ (a vein that drains a venous network in the floor and medial wall of the eye socket) }
{ superior_ophthalmic_vein, ophthalmic_vein,@ (a vein that begins at the inner angle of the eye socket and passes through the superior orbital fissure to empty into the cavernous sinus) }
{ ovarian_vein, vena_ovarica, vein,@ (one of the veins that drain the ovaries; the right opens into the inferior vena cava; the left opens into the left renal vein) }
{ palatine_vein, vena_palatina, vein,@ (a vein that drains the region of the palate and empties into the facial vein) }
{ pancreatic_vein, venae_pancreatica, vein,@ (veins draining the pancreas and emptying into the superior mesenteric and splenic veins) }
{ paraumbilical_vein, vena_paraumbilicalis, vein,@ (small veins arising in skin around the navel; terminate as accessory portal veins) }
{ parotid_vein, vein,@ (parotid branches of the facial vein; they drain part of the parotid gland and empty into the retromandibular vein) }
{ pectoral_vein, vena_pectoralis, vein,@ (veins that drain the pectoral muscles and empty into the subclavian vein) }
{ perforating_vein, vena_perforantis, vein,@ (veins that accompany the perforating arteries; drain leg muscles; empty into the deep femoral vein) }
{ pericardial_vein, vena_pericardiaca, vein,@ (several small veins from the pericardium) }
{ peroneal_vein, fibular_vein, vena_peroneus, vein,@ leg1,#p (accompany the peroneal arteries; arising in the heel and running up the back of the leg to join the posterior tibial veins of the popliteal vein) }
{ pharyngeal_vein, vena_pharyngeus, vein,@ (veins from the pharyngeal plexus that empty into the internal jugular vein) }
{ phrenic_vein, vena_phrenica, vein,@ (either of two veins that drain the diaphragm) }
{ popliteal_vein, vena_poplitea, vein,@ (a vein arising in the knee and ascending to become the femoral vein) }
{ portal_system, vascular_system,@ (system of veins that carry blood from the abdominal organs to the liver) }
{ portal_vein, hepatic_portal_vein, portal, vena_portae, vein,@ portal_system,#p (a short vein that carries blood into the liver) }
{ posterior_vein_of_the_left_ventricle, vena_posterior_ventriculi_sinistri, vein,@ (arises near the apex of the heart and empties into the coronary sinus) }
{ prepyloric_vein, vena_pylorica, vein,@ (a tributary of the right gastric vein) }
{ pudendal_vein, venae_pudendum, vein,@ (vein of the pudendum) }
{ pulmonary_vein, vena_pulmonalis, vein,@ lung,#p (any of four veins that carry arterial blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart) }
{ inferior_pulmonary_vein, vena_pulmanalis_inferior, pulmonary_vein,@ (either of two pulmonary veins (left and right) returning blood from the inferior lobes of the lungs) }
{ superior_pulmonary_vein, vena_pulmonalis_superior, pulmonary_vein,@ (either of two pulmonary veins (left and right) returning blood from the superior lobes of the lungs) }
{ pyloric_vein, right_gastric_vein, vena_gastrica-dextra, gastric_vein,@ (receives veins from the upper surfaces of the stomach and empties into the portal vein) }
{ radial_vein, vena_radialis, vein,@ forearm,#p (superficial veins ascending the radial side of the forearm; combines with the ulnar veins to form the brachial vein) }
{ renal_vein, vena_renalis, vein,@ kidney,#p (veins that accompany renal arteries; open into the vena cava at the level of the 2nd lumbar vertebra) }
{ retromandibular_vein, vena_retromandibularis, posterior_facial_vein, facial_vein,@ (posterior branch of the facial vein; formed by temporal veins in front of the ear) }
{ sacral_vein, vena_sacralis, vein,@ (vein of the sacral region) }
{ saphenous_vein, vena_saphena, vein,@ leg1,#p (either of two chief superficial veins of the leg that drain blood from the foot) }
{ long_saphenous_vein, great_saphenous_vein, saphenous_vein,@ (the longest vein in the body; runs from foot to the groin where it joins the femoral vein) }
{ short_saphenous_vein, saphenous_vein,@ (a vein running from the foot up the back of the leg to the knee) }
{ scleral_veins, venae_sclerales, vein,@ (tributaries of the anterior ciliary veins that drain the sclera of the eye) }
{ scrotal_vein, vena_scrotalis, vein,@ (veins passing from the scrotum to the pudendal veins) }
{ sigmoid_vein, vena_sigmoideus, vein,@ colon,#p (tributaries of the inferior mesenteric vein; drains the sigmoid colon) }
{ spinal_vein, vena_spinalis, vein,@ spinal_cord,#p (veins that drain the spinal cord) }
{ splenic_vein, vena_lienalis, vein,@ spleen,#p (a vein formed by several small veins on the surface of the spleen; joins the superior mesenteric to form the portal vein) }
{ stellate_venule, venule,@ (a star-shaped group of venules in the renal cortex) }
{ sternocleidomastoid_vein, vena_sternocleidomastoidea, vein,@ (drains the sternocleidomastoid muscle; empties into the internal jugular vein) }
{ stylomastoid_vein, vena_stylomastoidea, vein,@ (a vein that drains the tympanic cavity and empties into the retromandibular vein) }
{ subclavian_vein, vena_subclavia, vein,@ (a continuation of the axillary vein; joins the internal jugular to form the brachiocephalic vein) }
{ sublingual_vein, vena_sublingualis, vein,@ (a tributary of the lingual vein) }
{ supraorbital_vein, vena_supraorbitalis, vein,@ (drains the front of the scalp; unites with the supratrochlear vein to form the angular vein) }
{ supratrochlear_vein, vena_supratrochlearis, vein,@ (drains the front of the scalp; unites with the supraorbital vein to form the angular vein) }
{ temporal_vein, vena_temporalis, vein,@ (any of several veins draining the temporal region) }
{ deep_temporal_vein, temporal_vein,@ (temporal veins that empty into the pterygoid plexus) }
{ middle_temporal_vein, temporal_vein,@ (arises near the eye; joins the superficial temporal veins to form the retromandibular vein) }
{ superficial_temporal_vein, temporal_vein,@ (join the middle temporal vein to empty into the retromandibular vein) }
{ testicular_vein, vena_testicularis, vein,@ testis,#p (a vein from the testicles) }
{ thalamostriate_vein, vein,@ (a vein serving the thalamus and corpus striatum) }
{ thoracoepigastric_vein, vena_thoracoepigastrica, vein,@ (a vein arising from the region of the superficial epigastric vein and opening into the axillary vein or thoracic vein) }
{ superior_thalamostriate_vein, thalamostriate_vein,@ (a long vein that helps to form the internal cerebral vein) }
{ inferior_thalamostriate_vein, striate_vein, thalamostriate_vein,@ (tributaries to the basal vein) }
{ thoracic_vein, vena_thoracica, vein,@ chest,#p (veins that drain the thoracic walls) }
{ thyroid_vein, vena_thyroidea, vein,@ (any of several small veins draining blood from the thyroid area) }
{ inferior_thyroid_vein, thyroid_vein,@ (any of several veins on each side that drain the thyroid gland and empty into the innominate vein) }
{ middle_thyroid_vein, thyroid_vein,@ (a vein on each side that drains the lateral part of the thyroid and empties into the internal jugular vein) }
{ superior_thyroid_vein, thyroid_vein,@ (a vein on each side that drains the upper part of the thyroid and empties into the internal jugular vein) }
{ tibial_vein, vena_tibialis, vein,@ leg1,#p (veins of the lower leg; empty into the popliteal vein) }
{ tracheal_vein, vena_trachealis, vein,@ (several small veins from the trachea) }
{ tympanic_vein, vein,@ (veins from the tympanic cavity that empty into the retromandibular vein) }
{ ulnar_vein, vena_ulnaris, vein,@ forearm,#p (any of several veins of the forearm) }
{ umbilical_vein, vena_umbilicalis, vein,@ umbilical_cord,#p (a vein in the umbilical cord; returns nutrient blood from the placenta to the fetus) }
{ uterine_vein, vein,@ (one of two veins on each side that arise from the uterine plexus and empty into the internal iliac vein) }
{ gallbladder, gall_bladder, bladder,@ chest,#p (a muscular sac attached to the liver that stores bile (secreted by the liver) until it is needed for digestion) }
{ hypochondrium, area,@ abdomen,#p (the upper region of the abdomen just below the lowest ribs on either side of the epigastrium) }
{ [ liver, adj.all:ill1^livery,+ ] internal_organ,@ digestive_system,#p circulatory_system,#p (large and complicated reddish-brown glandular organ located in the upper right portion of the abdominal cavity; secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat; synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood; synthesizes vitamin A; detoxifies poisonous substances and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes) }
{ Haversian_canal, duct,@ (any of the many tiny canals that contain blood vessels and connective tissue and that form a network in bone) }
{ hepatic_lobe, lobe,@ liver,#p (any of the five lobes forming the liver) }
{ hepatic_duct, duct,@ liver,#p (the duct that drains bile from the liver) }
{ inguinal_canal, canalis_inguinalis, duct,@ (oblique passage through the lower abdominal wall; in males it is the passage through which the testes descend into the scrotum and it contains the spermatic cord; in females it transmits the round ligament of the uterus) }
{ common_bile_duct, bile_duct, duct,@ liver,#p (a duct formed by the hepatic and cystic ducts; opens into the duodenum) }
{ biliary_ductule, ductule,@ liver,#p (excretory ducts of the liver; empty into the hepatic ducts) }
{ [ pancreas, adj.pert:pancreatic,+ ] exocrine_gland,@ digestive_system,#p (a large elongated exocrine gland located behind the stomach; secretes pancreatic juice and insulin) }
{ pancreatic_duct, duct,@ pancreas,#p (a duct connecting the pancreas with the intestine) }
{ lung, respiratory_organ,@ lower_respiratory_tract,#p (either of two saclike respiratory organs in the chest of vertebrates; serves to remove carbon dioxide and provide oxygen to the blood) }
{ alveolar_bed, structure,@ lung,#p (lung tissue densely packed with alveoli) }
{ lobe_of_the_lung, lobe,@ lung,#p (any of the three lobes of the right lung or the two lobes of the left lung) }
{ [ pleura, adj.pert:pleural,+ ] serous_membrane,@ pleural_cavity,#p (the thin serous membrane around the lungs and inner walls of the chest) }
{ parietal_pleura, pleura,@ (pleura that lines the inner chest walls and covers the diaphragm) }
{ visceral_pleura, pleura,@ (pleura that covers the lungs) }
{ pleural_cavity, cavity,@ (the cavity in the thorax that contains the lungs and heart) }
{ pleural_space, noun.shape:space,@ (the small potential space between the parietal and visceral layers of the pleura) }
{ heart, pump, ticker, internal_organ,@ cardiovascular_system,#p (the hollow muscular organ located behind the sternum and between the lungs; its rhythmic contractions move the blood through the body; "he stood still, his heart thumping wildly") }
{ athlete's_heart, heart,@ (enlarged heart commonly found among athletes trained for endurance) }
{ biauriculate_heart, heart,@ noun.animal:mammal,;c (a heart (as of mammals and birds and reptiles) having two auricles) }
{ pacemaker, cardiac_pacemaker, sinoatrial_node, SA_node, cardiac_muscle,@ (a specialized bit of heart tissue that controls the heartbeat) }
{ cusp1, [ leaflet, noun.artifact:leaf,+ ] flap,@ heart_valve,#p (a thin triangular flap of a heart valve) }
{ flap, animal_tissue,@ (a movable piece of tissue partly connected to the body) }
{ cardiac_muscle, heart_muscle, muscle1,@ heart,#p (the muscle tissue of the heart; adapted to continued rhythmic contraction) }
{ papillary_muscle, cardiac_muscle,@ atrioventricular_valve,#p (any of several muscles associated with the atrioventricular valves; "the papillary muscles contract during systole to prevent regurgitation of blood into the atria") }
{ atrioventricular_bundle, bundle_of_His, atrioventricular_trunk, truncus_atrioventricularis, cardiac_muscle,@ (a bundle of modified heart muscle that transmits the cardiac impulse from the atrioventricular node to the ventricles causing them to contract) }
{ atrioventricular_node, cardiac_muscle,@ (a node of specialized heart muscle located in the septal wall of the right atrium; receives impulses from the sinoatrial node and transmits them to atrioventricular bundle) }
{ [ myocardium, adj.pert:myocardial,+ ] cardiac_muscle,@ (the middle muscular layer of the heart wall) }
{ Purkinje_fiber, cardiac_muscle,@ Purkinje_network,#p (a specialized cardiac muscle fiber that is part of the Purkinje network) }
{ Purkinje_network, Purkinje's_tissue, Purkinje's_system, cardiac_muscle,@ (a network of Purkinje fibers that carry the cardiac impulse from the atrioventricular node to the ventricles of the heart and causes them to contract) }
{ area_of_cardiac_dullness, area,@ chest,#p (a triangular area of the front of the chest (determined by percussion); corresponds to the part of the heart not covered by the lungs) }
{ [ ventricle1, adj.pert:ventricular1,+ ] heart_ventricle, chamber,@ (a chamber of the heart that receives blood from an atrium and pumps it to the arteries) }
{ left_ventricle, heart_ventricle,@ (the chamber on the left side of the heart that receives arterial blood from the left atrium and pumps it into the aorta) }
{ right_ventricle, heart_ventricle,@ (the chamber on the right side of the heart that receives venous blood from the right atrium and pumps it into the pulmonary trunk) }
{ [ auricle1, adj.pert:auricular1,+ ] atrial_auricle, auricula_atrii, pouch,@ atrium_cordis,#p (a small conical pouch projecting from the upper anterior part of each atrium of the heart) }
{ auricula, auricular_appendage, auricular_appendix, pouch,@ atrium_cordis,#p (a pouch projecting from the top front of each atrium of the heart) }
{ chamber, cavity,@ (an enclosed volume in the body; "the chambers of his heart were healthy") }
{ cranial_cavity, intracranial_cavity, cavity,@ (the cavity enclosed by the cranium) }
{ [ atrium, adj.pert:atrial,+ ] chamber,@ (any chamber that is connected to other chambers or passageways (especially one of the two upper chambers of the heart)) }
{ atrium_cordis, atrium_of_the_heart, atrium,@ (the upper chamber of each half of the heart) }
{ right_atrium, right_atrium_of_the_heart, atrium_dextrum, atrium_cordis,@ (the right upper chamber of the heart that receives blood from the venae cavae and coronary sinus) }
{ left_atrium, left_atrium_of_the_heart, atrium_sinistrum, atrium_cordis,@ (the left upper chamber of the heart that receives blood from the pulmonary veins) }
{ mitral_valve, bicuspid_valve, left_atrioventricular_valve, atrioventricular_valve,@ (valve with two cusps; situated between the left atrium and the left ventricle) }
{ tricuspid_valve, right_atrioventricular_valve, atrioventricular_valve,@ (valve with three cusps; situated between the right atrium and the right ventricle; allows blood to pass from atrium to ventricle and closes to prevent backflow when the ventricle contracts) }
{ atrioventricular_valve, heart_valve,@ (either of two heart valves through which blood flows from the atria to the ventricles; prevents return of blood to the atrium) }
{ aortic_valve, semilunar_valve,@ (a semilunar valve between the left ventricle and the aorta; prevents blood from flowing from the aorta back into the heart) }
{ pulmonary_valve, semilunar_valve,@ (a semilunar valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery; prevents blood from flowing from the artery back into the heart) }
{ semilunar_valve, heart_valve,@ (a heart valve with cusps shaped like half-moons; prevents blood from flowing back into the heart) }
{ heart_valve, cardiac_valve, valve,@ heart,#p (a valve to control one-way flow of blood) }
{ [ valve, adj.pert:valvular,+ noun.body:valvelet,+ ] structure,@ heart,#p (a structure in a hollow organ (like the heart) with a flap to insure one-way flow of fluid through it) }
{ valvule, [ valvelet, noun.body:valve,+ noun.artifact:valve1,+ noun.artifact:valve,+ ] valvula, valve,@ (a small valve) }
{ [ stomach, adj.pert:stomachic,+ ] tummy, tum, breadbasket, internal_organ,@ alimentary_canal,#p (an enlarged and muscular saclike organ of the alimentary canal; the principal organ of digestion) }
{ [ epigastrium, adj.pert:epigastric1,+ adj.pert:epigastric,+ ] area,@ (the region lying on or over the stomach (just below the sternum)) }
{ cardia, orifice,@ (the opening into the stomach and that part of the stomach connected to the esophagus) }
{ lymphatic_system, systema_lymphaticum, vascular_system,@ body,#p (the interconnected system of spaces and vessels between body tissues and organs by which lymph circulates throughout the body) }
{ thoracic_duct, lymphatic_vessel,@ lymphatic_system,#p (the major duct of the lymphatic system) }
{ lymph_vessel, lymphatic_vessel, duct,@ lymphatic_system,#p (a vascular duct that carries lymph which is eventually added to the venous blood circulation) }
{ lacteal, lymphatic_vessel,@ (any of the lymphatic vessels that convey chyle from the small intestine to the thoracic duct) }
{ vascular_structure, structure,@ (a structure composed of or provided with blood vessels) }
{ vessel, vas, tube,@ vascular_system,#p (a tube in which a body fluid circulates) }
{ liquid_body_substance, bodily_fluid, body_fluid, [ humor, adj.pert:humoral,+ ] humour, body_substance,@ (the liquid parts of the body) }
{ extracellular_fluid, ECF, liquid_body_substance,@ (liquid containing proteins and electrolytes including the liquid in blood plasma and interstitial fluid; "the body normally has about 15 quarts of extracellular fluid") }
{ interstitial_fluid, extracellular_fluid,@ (liquid found between the cells of the body that provides much of the liquid environment of the body) }
{ intracellular_fluid, liquid_body_substance,@ (liquid contained inside the cell membranes (usually containing dissolved solutes)) }
{ juice, succus, liquid_body_substance,@ (any of several liquids of the body; "digestive juices") }
{ cancer_juice, juice,@ (a milky substance found in certain cancerous growths) }
{ karyolymph, liquid_body_substance,@ (a clear liquid in the cell nucleus in which the nucleolus and chromatin and other structures are dispersed) }
{ [ milk, verb.change:milk1,+ verb.change:milk,+ ] liquid_body_substance,@ noun.food:nutriment,@ (produced by mammary glands of female mammals for feeding their young) }
{ mother's_milk, milk,@ (milk secreted by a woman who has recently given birth) }
{ colostrum, foremilk, milk,@ (milky fluid secreted for the first day or two after parturition) }
{ amniotic_cavity, cavity,@ (the fluid-filled cavity that surrounds the developing embryo) }
{ amniotic_fluid, amnionic_fluid, waters, liquid_body_substance,@ amniotic_cavity,#p (the serous fluid in which the embryo is suspended inside the amnion; "before a woman gives birth her waters break") }
{ [ blood, adj.all:bloody,+ verb.contact:blood,+ ] humor,@ noun.animal:vertebrate,;c (the fluid (red in vertebrates) that is pumped through the body by the heart and contains plasma, blood cells, and platelets; "blood carries oxygen and nutrients to the tissues and carries away waste products"; "the ancients believed that blood was the seat of the emotions") }
{ arterial_blood, blood,@ (blood found in arteries; "except for the pulmonary artery the arterial blood is rich in oxygen") }
{ blood_group, blood_type, blood,@ (human blood cells (usually just the red blood cells) that have the same antigens) }
{ A, type_A, group_A, blood_group,@ (the blood group whose red cells carry the A antigen) }
{ B, type_B, group_B, blood_group,@ (the blood group whose red cells carry the B antigen) }
{ AB, type_AB, group_AB, blood_group,@ (the blood group whose red cells carry both the A and B antigens) }
{ O, type_O, group_O, blood_group,@ (the blood group whose red cells carry neither the A nor B antigens; "people with type O blood are universal donors") }
{ Rh-positive_blood_type, Rh_positive, blood_group,@ (the blood group (approximately 85% of people) whose red cells have the Rh factor (Rh antigen)) }
{ Rh-negative_blood_type, Rh-negative_blood, Rh_negative, blood_group,@ (the blood group whose red cells lack the Rh factor (Rh antigen)) }
{ [ gore, verb.contact:gore2,+ ] blood,@ (coagulated blood from a wound) }
{ lifeblood, blood,@ (the blood considered as the seat of vitality) }
{ bloodstream, blood_stream, blood,@ cardiovascular_system,#p (the blood flowing through the circulatory system) }
{ [ clot, verb.change:clot2,+ verb.change:clot4,+ verb.change:clot1,+ ] [ coagulum, verb.change:coagulate1,+ verb.change:coagulate,+ ] noun.group:ball1,@ (a lump of material formed from the content of a liquid) }
{ blood_clot, [ grume, adj.all:thick2^grumous,+ ] blood,@ (a semisolid mass of coagulated red and white blood cells) }
{ cord_blood, blood,@ (blood obtained from the umbilical cord at birth) }
{ menorrhea, menstrual_blood, menstrual_flow, blood,@ adult_female_body,#p (flow of blood from the uterus; occurs at roughly monthly intervals during a woman's reproductive years) }
{ venous_blood, blood,@ (blood found in the veins; "except in the pulmonary vein venous blood is rich in carbon dioxide and poor in oxygen") }
{ whole_blood, blood,@ (blood that has not been modified except for the addition of an anticoagulant; "whole blood is normally used in blood transfusions") }
{ [ serum, adj.pert:serous,+ ] blood_serum, liquid_body_substance,@ blood,#s (an amber, watery fluid, rich in proteins, that separates out when blood coagulates) }
{ plasma, plasm1, blood_plasma, extracellular_fluid,@ (the colorless watery fluid of the blood and lymph that contains no cells, but in which the blood cells (erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes) are suspended) }
{ antiserum, blood_serum,@ (blood serum containing antibodies against specific antigens; provides immunity to a disease) }
{ [ chyle, adj.pert:chylous,+ adj.pert:chylaceous,+ ] liquid_body_substance,@ (a milky fluid consisting of lymph and emulsified fats; formed in the small intestine during digestion of ingested fats) }
{ [ lymph, adj.pert:lymphatic,+ ] liquid_body_substance,@ cardiovascular_system,#p chyle,#s (a thin coagulable fluid (similar to plasma but) containing white blood cells (lymphocytes) and chyle; is conveyed to the blood stream by lymphatic vessels) }
{ [ semen, verb.body:inseminate,+ ] seed, seminal_fluid, [ ejaculate, verb.body:ejaculate,+ ] cum, come, liquid_body_substance,@ (the thick white fluid containing spermatozoa that is ejaculated by the male genital tract) }
{ ink, liquid_body_substance,@ (dark protective fluid ejected into the water by cuttlefish and other cephalopods) }
{ secretion, liquid_body_substance,@ (a functionally specialized substance (especially one that is not a waste) released from a gland or cell) }
{ lacrimal_secretion, lachrymal_secretion, secretion,@ (saline fluid secreted by lacrimal glands; lubricates the surface of the eyeball) }
{ [ tear1, verb.body:tear,+ ] teardrop, noun.quantity:drop,@ lacrimal_secretion,#p (a drop of the clear salty saline solution secreted by the lacrimal glands; "his story brought tears to her eyes") }
{ lacrimal_apparatus, structure,@ eye,#p (the structures that secrete and drain tears from the eye) }
{ [ perspiration, verb.body:perspire,+ ] [ sweat, verb.body:sweat,+ ] sudor, secretion,@ (salty fluid secreted by sweat glands; "sweat poured off his brow") }
{ digestive_juice, digestive_fluid, juice,@ digestive_system,#p (secretions that aid digestion) }
{ gastric_juice, gastric_acid, digestive_juice,@ (digestive secretions of the stomach glands consisting chiefly of hydrochloric acid and mucin and the enzymes pepsin and rennin and lipase) }
{ pancreatic_juice, digestive_juice,@ (a fluid secreted into the duodenum by the pancreas; important for breaking down starches and proteins and fats) }
{ [ bile, adj.pert:biliary2,+ adj.pert:biliary,+ adj.pert:bilious,+ ] gall, digestive_juice,@ (a digestive juice secreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladder; aids in the digestion of fats) }
{ black_bile, melancholy, humor,@ (a humor that was once believed to be secreted by the kidneys or spleen and to cause sadness and melancholy) }
{ yellow_bile, choler, humor,@ (a humor that was once believed to be secreted by the liver and to cause irritability and anger) }
{ [ hormone, adj.pert:hormonal,+ ] [ endocrine, adj.pert:endocrinal,+ ] internal_secretion, secretion,@ (the secretion of an endocrine gland that is transmitted by the blood to the tissue on which it has a specific effect) }
{ intestinal_juice, secretion,@ (secretions by glands lining the walls of the intestines) }
{ noradrenaline, norepinephrine, noun.substance:catecholamine,@ noun.substance:monoamine_neurotransmitter,@ noun.artifact:vasoconstrictor,@ (a catecholamine precursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the adrenal medulla and also released at synapses) }
{ adrenocorticotropic_hormone, adrenocorticotrophic_hormone, ACTH, adrenocorticotropin, adrenocorticotrophin, corticotropin, corticotrophin, hormone,@ (a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the adrenal cortex) }
{ epinephrine, epinephrin, adrenaline, [ Adrenalin, noun.communication:trade_name,;u ] hormone,@ noun.substance:catecholamine,@ noun.substance:neurotransmitter,@ noun.artifact:vasoconstrictor,@ (a catecholamine secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to stress (trade name Adrenalin); stimulates autonomic nerve action) }
{ gastrointestinal_hormone, GI_hormones, hormone,@ (hormones that affect gastrointestinal functioning) }
{ gastrin, gastrointestinal_hormone,@ (polypeptide hormone secreted by the mucous lining of the stomach; when peptides and amino acids are present in the small intestine the secretion of gastric acid is stimulated) }
{ cholecystokinin, gastrointestinal_hormone,@ (a gastrointestinal hormone that stimulates the secretion of pancreatic enzymes and the contraction and emptying of the gall bladder; its release is stimulated by the presence of fatty acids and amino acids in the small intestine) }
{ secretin, gastrointestinal_hormone,@ (a gastrointestinal hormone that stimulates the secretion of water and bicarbonate from the pancreas and bile ducts whenever the stomach empties too much acid into the small intestine) }
{ ghrelin, gastrointestinal_hormone,@ (a gastrointestinal hormone produced by epithelial cells lining the fundus of the stomach; appears to be a stimulant for appetite and feeding, but is also a strong stimulant of growth hormone secretion from the anterior pituitary) }
{ motilin, gastrointestinal_hormone,@ (a gastrointestinal hormone that apparently participates in controlling smooth muscle contractions in the stomach and small intestine) }
{ glucagon, hormone,@ (a hormone secreted by the pancreas; stimulates increases in blood sugar levels in the blood (thus opposing the action of insulin)) }
{ [ gonadotropin, adj.pert:gonadotropic,+ ] gonadotrophin, gonadotropic_hormone, gonadotrophic_hormone, hormone,@ (hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland and placenta; stimulates the gonads and controls reproductive activity) }
{ insulin, hormone,@ noun.substance:hypoglycemic_agent,@ (hormone secreted by the isles of Langerhans in the pancreas; regulates storage of glycogen in the liver and accelerates oxidation of sugar in cells) }
{ Lente_Insulin, Lente_Iletin, insulin,@ (trade names for forms of insulin that are used to treat diabetes mellitus) }
{ recombinant_human_insulin, [ Humulin, noun.communication:trade_name,;u ] insulin,@ (a form of insulin (trade name Humulin) made from recombinant DNA that is identical to human insulin; used to treat diabetics who are allergic to preparations made from beef or pork insulin) }
{ melatonin, hormone,@ (hormone secreted by the pineal gland) }
{ neurohormone, hormone,@ (a hormone that is released by nerve impulses (e.g., norepinephrine or vasopressin)) }
{ oxytocin, [ Pitocin, noun.communication:trade_name,;u ] hormone,@ (hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland (trade name Pitocin); stimulates contractions of the uterus and ejection of milk) }
{ parathyroid_hormone, parathormone, hormone,@ (hormone synthesized and released into the blood stream by the parathyroid glands; regulates phosphorus and calcium in the body and functions in neuromuscular excitation and blood clotting) }
{ relaxin, hormone,@ (hormone secreted by the corpus luteum during the last days of pregnancy; relaxes the pelvic ligaments and prepares the uterus for labor) }
{ releasing_hormone, RH, releasing_factor, hypothalamic_releasing_hormone, hypothalamic_releasing_factor, hormone,@ (any of several hormones produced in the hypothalamus and carried by a vein to the anterior pituitary gland where they stimulate the release of anterior pituitary hormones; each of these hormones causes the anterior pituitary to secrete a specific hormone) }
{ somatotropin, somatotrophin, somatotropic_hormone, somatotrophic_hormone, STH, human_growth_hormone, growth_hormone, hormone,@ (a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland; promotes growth in humans) }
{ Protropin, somatotropin,@ (trade name of a synthetic human growth hormone given to children deficient in the hormone; use by athletes and weightlifters is banned) }
{ thymosin, hormone,@ (hormone secreted by the thymus; stimulates immunological activity of lymphoid tissue) }
{ thyroid_hormone, hormone,@ (any of several closely related compounds that are produced by the thyroid gland and are active metabolically) }
{ calcitonin, thyrocalcitonin, thyroid_hormone,@ (thyroid hormone that tends to lower the level of calcium in the blood plasma and inhibit resorption of bone) }
{ thyroxine, thyroxin, tetraiodothyronine, T4, thyroid_hormone,@ (hormone produced by the thyroid glands to regulate metabolism by controlling the rate of oxidation in cells; "thyroxine is 65% iodine") }
{ triiodothyronine, liothyronine, T3, thyroid_hormone,@ (thyroid hormone similar to thyroxine but with one less iodine atom per molecule and produced in smaller quantity; exerts the same biological effects as thyroxine but is more potent and briefer) }
{ vasopressin, antidiuretic_hormone, ADH, [ Pitressin, noun.communication:trade_name,;u ] hormone,@ noun.artifact:vasoconstrictor,@ (hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland (trade name Pitressin) and also by nerve endings in the hypothalamus; affects blood pressure by stimulating capillary muscles and reduces urine flow by affecting reabsorption of water by kidney tubules) }
{ [ autacoid, adj.pert:autacoidal,+ ] autocoid, secretion,@ (any physiologically active internal secretion especially one of uncertain classification) }
{ histamine, noun.substance:amine,@ (amine formed from histidine that stimulates gastric secretions and dilates blood vessels; released by the human immune system during allergic reactions) }
{ prostaglandin, autacoid,@ (a potent substance that acts like a hormone and is found in many bodily tissues (and especially in semen); produced in response to trauma and may affect blood pressure and metabolism and smooth muscle activity) }
{ [ synovia, adj.pert:synovial,+ ] synovial_fluid, secretion,@ (viscid lubricating fluid secreted by the membrane lining joints and tendon sheaths etc.) }
{ [ mucus, adj.pert:mucous,+ ] mucous_secretion, secretion,@ (protective secretion of the mucous membranes; in the gut it lubricates the passage of food and protects the epithelial cells; in the nose and throat and lungs it can make it difficult for bacteria to penetrate the body through the epithelium) }
{ [ phlegm, adj.all:phlegmy,+ ] sputum, mucus,@ (expectorated matter; saliva mixed with discharges from the respiratory passages; in ancient and medieval physiology it was believed to cause sluggishness) }
{ [ snot, adj.all:dirty1^snotty,+ ] mucus,@ (nasal mucus) }
{ booger, mucus,@ (dried nasal mucus) }
{ [ saliva, adj.pert:salivary,+ verb.body:salivate,+ ] [ spit, verb.body:spit,+ ] spittle, secretion,@ salivary_gland,#p (a clear liquid secreted into the mouth by the salivary glands and mucous glands of the mouth; moistens the mouth and starts the digestion of starches) }
{ salivary_duct, duct,@ (a duct through which saliva passes from the salivary gland into the mouth) }
{ [ drool, verb.body:drool,+ ] [ dribble, verb.body:dribble,+ ] [ drivel, verb.body:drivel,+ ] [ slobber, verb.body:slobber,+ ] saliva,@ (saliva spilling from the mouth) }
{ tobacco_juice, saliva,@ (saliva colored brown by tobacco (snuff or chewing tobacco)) }
{ [ sebum, adj.all:fatty^sebaceous,+ ] secretion,@ (the oily secretion of the sebaceous glands; with perspiration it moistens and protects the skin) }
{ smegma, sebum,@ (a white secretion of the sebaceous glands of the foreskin) }
{ lochia, liquid_body_substance,@ (substance discharged from the vagina (cellular debris and mucus and blood) that gradually decreases in amount during the weeks following childbirth) }
{ pus, purulence, [ suppuration, verb.body:suppurate1,+ verb.body:suppurate,+ ] [ ichor, adj.pert:ichorous,+ ] [ sanies, adj.pert:sanious,+ ] festering, liquid_body_substance,@ (a fluid product of inflammation) }
{ gleet, pus,@ (a thin morbid discharge as from a wound or especially chronic gonorrhea) }
{ leukorrhea, leucorrhea, mucus,@ (discharge of white mucous material from the vagina; often an indication of infection) }
{ blood_vessel, vessel,@ cardiovascular_system,#p (a vessel in which blood circulates) }
{ ductus_arteriosus, blood_vessel,@ noun.animal:fetus,#p (a blood vessel in a fetus that bypasses pulmonary circulation by connecting the pulmonary artery directly to the ascending aorta; normally closes at birth) }
{ patent_ductus_arteriosus, ductus_arteriosus,@ (a ductus arteriosus that failed to close at birth; may require surgical correction) }
{ vasa_vasorum, blood_vessel,@ (any small blood vessel ramifying on the outside of a major artery or vein) }
{ [ vein, adj.pert:venous,+ ] vena, venous_blood_vessel, blood_vessel,@ cardiovascular_system,#p (a blood vessel that carries blood from the capillaries toward the heart; "all veins except the pulmonary vein carry unaerated blood") }
{ venation, venous_blood_system, system,@ cardiovascular_system,#p noun.cognition:zoology,;c ((zoology) the system of venous blood vessels in an animal) }
{ varicose_vein, vein,@ noun.state:varicosity,@ (a vein that is permanently dilated; most common in the legs) }
{ vena_bulbi_penis, vein,@ penis,#p (vein of the head of the penis; tributary of the internal pudendal vein that drains the perineum) }
{ vena_canaliculi_cochleae, vein,@ (vein of the cochlear canal) }
{ vein_of_penis, vein,@ (a vein serving the penis) }
{ venae_dorsales_penis_superficiales, vein_of_penis,@ (superficial dorsal veins of the penis; paired tributaries of the external pudendal veins on each side) }
{ venae_dorsales_penis_profunda, vein_of_penis,@ (deep dorsal vein of the penis; tributary of the prostatic plexus) }
{ vena_profunda_penis, vein_of_penis,@ (deep vein of the penis; enters the prostatic plexus) }
{ vena_bulbi_vestibuli, vein,@ (vein of the vestibular bulb) }
{ vena_cava, vein,@ (either of two large veins that return oxygen-depleted blood to the right atrium of the heart) }
{ inferior_vena_cava, postcava, vena_cava,@ (receives blood from lower limbs and abdominal organs and empties into the posterior part of the right atrium of the heart; formed from the union of the two iliac veins) }
{ superior_vena_cava, precava, vena_cava,@ (receives blood from the head and arms and chest and empties into the right atrium of the heart; formed from the azygos and both brachiocephalic veins) }
{ venae_profundae_clitoridis, clitoral_vein,@ (deep veins of the clitoris; join the vesical plexus) }
{ vena_dorsalis_clitoridis_profunda, clitoral_vein,@ (deep dorsal vein of the clitoris; tributary of the vesical venous plexus) }
{ venae_dorsales_clitoridis_superficiales, clitoral_vein,@ (superficial dorsal veins of the clitoris; tributaries of the external pudendal vein on either side) }
{ venae_palpebrales, vein,@ eyebrow,#p (veins of the eyelids) }
{ venae_interlobulares_renis, venae_renis,@ kidney,#p (interlobular veins of the kidney; receive blood from the arcuate vein and empty into the renal veins) }
{ venae_interlobulares_hepatis, vein,@ liver,#p (interlobular veins of the liver) }
{ venae_renis, vein,@ kidney,#p (veins of the kidney; drain the kidney into the renal vein) }
{ venae_labiales_anteriores, anterior_labial_veins, labial_vein1,@ (veins from the labia majora to the external pudendal vein) }
{ venae_labiales_posteriores, posterior_labial_veins, labial_vein1,@ (veins that pass posterior from the labia majora to the internal pudendal vein) }
{ [ venter1, adj.all:ventral,+ ] body_part,@ (a bulging body part (as the belly of a muscle)) }
{ [ venter2, adj.all:ventral,+ ] uterus,@ noun.group:law,;c (the womb; "`in venter' is legal terminology for `conceived but not yet born'") }
{ ventral_root, ventral_horn, anterior_root, anterior_horn, motor_nerve,@ spinal_nerve_root,#p (one of the two roots of a spinal nerve that passes ventrally from the spinal cord and that consists of motor fibers) }
{ dorsal_root, dorsal_horn, posterior_root, posterior_horn, sensory_nerve,@ spinal_nerve_root,#p (one of two roots of a spinal nerve that passes dorsally from the spinal cord and that consists of sensory fibers) }
{ vertebral_vein, vena_vertebralis, vein,@ (a vein that goes through the foramina of the cervical vertebrae and forms a plexus around the vertebral artery; empties into the brachiocephalic vein) }
{ vesical_vein, vena_vesicalis, vein,@ (veins that drain the vesical plexus and join the internal iliac veins) }
{ vestibular_vein, vena_vestibularis, vein,@ (veins that drain the saccule and utricle) }
{ vortex_vein, vorticose_vein, vena_vorticosum, vein,@ (a vein formed by branches from the back surface of the eye and the ciliary body; empties into the ophthalmic veins) }
{ capillary, capillary_vessel, blood_vessel,@ (any of the minute blood vessels connecting arterioles with venules) }
{ venule, venula, capillary_vein, vein,@ (a minute vein continuous with a capillary) }
{ [ membrane, adj.all:unhealthy^membranous,+ ] tissue_layer, animal_tissue,@ (a pliable sheet of tissue that covers or lines or connects the organs or cells of animals or plants) }
{ [ retina, adj.pert:retinal,+ ] membrane,@ eye,#p (the innermost light-sensitive membrane covering the back wall of the eyeball; it is continuous with the optic nerve) }
{ ganglion_cell, gangliocyte, nerve_cell,@ (a nerve cell whose body is outside the central nervous system; "damage to ganglion cells in the retina may play a role in the development of glaucoma") }
{ [ sarcolemma, adj.pert:sarcolemmic,+ adj.pert:sarcolemmal,+ ] membrane,@ (an extensible membrane enclosing the contractile substance of a muscle fiber) }
{ [ peritoneum, adj.pert:peritoneal,+ ] serous_membrane,@ (a transparent membrane that lines the abdominal cavity in mammals and covers most of the viscera) }
{ peritoneal_cavity, greater_peritoneal_sac, cavity,@ (the interior of the peritoneum; a potential space between layers of the peritoneum) }
{ bursa_omentalis, omental_bursa, lesser_peritoneal_cavity, cavity,@ peritoneal_cavity,#p (an isolated part of the peritoneal cavity that is dorsal to the stomach) }
{ endocardium, serous_membrane,@ (the membrane that lines the cavities of the heart and forms part of the heart valves) }
{ [ pericardium, adj.pert:pericardial,+ ] serous_membrane,@ (a serous membrane with two layers that surrounds the heart) }
{ epicardium, visceral_pericardium, serous_membrane,@ pericardium,#p (the innermost of the two layers of the pericardium) }
{ parietal_pericardium, serous_membrane,@ pericardium,#p (the tough outermost layer of the pericardium that is attached to the diaphragm and the sternum) }
{ pericardial_cavity, pericardial_space, cavity,@ (the space between the layers of the pericardium that contains fluid that lubricates the membrane surfaces and allows easy heart movement) }
{ [ mesentery, adj.pert:mesenteric,+ ] peritoneum,@ (a double layer of peritoneum that attaches to the back wall of the abdominal cavity and supports the small intestines) }
{ mesocolon, mesentery,@ (mesentery that holds the lower colon to the dorsal abdominal wall) }
{ omentum, peritoneum,@ (a fold of peritoneum supporting the viscera) }
{ greater_omentum, gastrocolic_omentum, caul1, omentum,@ (part of the peritoneum attached to the stomach and to the colon and covering the intestines) }
{ lesser_omentum, omentum,@ (a part of the peritoneum attached to the stomach and liver and supporting the hepatic vessels) }
{ submucosa, connective_tissue,@ (the connective tissue beneath mucous membrane) }
{ lymph_node, lymph_gland, node1, lymphatic_tissue,@ cardiovascular_system,#p immune_system,#p (the source of lymph and lymphocytes) }
{ axillary_node, lymph_node,@ (any of the lymph glands of the armpit; fights infections in the neck and chest and arm regions) }
{ Peyer's_patch, Peter's_gland, lymph_node,@ (any of several lymph nodes in the walls of the intestines near the junction of the ileum and colon) }
{ somatic_cell, vegetative_cell, noun.Tops:cell,@ (any of the cells of a plant or animal except the reproductive cells; a cell that does not participate in the production of gametes; "somatic cells are produced from preexisting cells") }
{ neoplastic_cell, somatic_cell,@ (a cell that is part of tumor) }
{ cancer_cell, neoplastic_cell,@ noun.state:malignancy,#p (a cell that is part of a malignant tumor) }
{ [ blastema, adj.pert:blastemic,+ adj.pert:blastematic,+ adj.pert:blastemal,+ ] noun.Tops:cell,@ (a mass of undifferentiated cells from which an organ or body part develops) }
{ energid, protoplast, body_part,@ noun.Tops:cell,#p (a biological unit consisting of a nucleus and the body of cytoplasm with which it interacts) }
{ pronucleus, nucleus,@ (the nucleus of the ovum or sperm after fertilization but before they fuse to form the nucleus of the zygote) }
{ [ zygote, adj.pert:zygotic,+ ] fertilized_ovum, noun.Tops:cell,@ noun.Tops:organism,;c noun.cognition:genetics,;c ((genetics) the diploid cell resulting from the union of a haploid spermatozoon and ovum (including the organism that develops from that cell)) }
{ heterozygote, zygote,@ noun.cognition:genetics,;c ((genetics) an organism having two different alleles of a particular gene and so giving rise to varying offspring) }
{ homozygote, zygote,@ noun.cognition:genetics,;c ((genetics) an organism having two identical alleles of a particular gene and so breeding true for the particular characteristic) }
{ parthenote, noun.Tops:cell,@ noun.Tops:organism,;c (a cell resulting from parthenogenesis) }
{ protoplasm, living_substance, noun.Tops:substance,@ (the substance of a living cell (including cytoplasm and nucleus)) }
{ [ cytoplasm, adj.pert:cytoplastic,+ adj.pert:cytoplasmic,+ adj.pert:cytoplasmatic,+ ] cytol, protoplasm,@ noun.Tops:cell,#p (the protoplasm of a cell excluding the nucleus; is full of proteins that control cell metabolism) }
{ cytoplast, cytoplasm,@ (the intact cytoplasmic content of a cell) }
{ cytoskeleton, structure,@ cytoplasm,#p (a microscopic network of actin filaments and microtubules in the cytoplasm of many living cells that gives the cell shape and coherence) }
{ cytosol, cytoplasm,@ (the aqueous part of the cytoplasm within which various particles and organelles are suspended) }
{ ectoplasm, cytoplasm,@ (the outer granule-free layer of cytoplasm) }
{ endoplasm, cytoplasm,@ (the inner portion of the cytoplasm of a cell) }
{ [ hyaloplasm, adj.pert:hyaloplasmic,+ ] ground_substance1, cytoplasm,@ (the clear nongranular portion of the cytoplasm of a cell) }
{ lysosome, organelle,@ (an organelle found in the cytoplasm of most cells (especially in leukocytes and liver and kidney cells)) }
{ [ microsome, adj.pert:microsomal,+ ] noun.object:granule,@ cytoplasm,#p (a tiny granule in the cytoplasm that is where protein synthesis takes place under the direction of mRNA) }
{ Golgi_body, Golgi_apparatus, Golgi_complex, dictyosome, vesicle,@ cytoplasm,#p (a netlike structure in the cytoplasm of animal cells (especially in those cells that produce secretions)) }
{ nucleoplasm, karyoplasm, protoplasm,@ nucleus,#s (the protoplasm that constitutes the nucleus of a cell) }
{ [ nucleus, verb.stative:nucleate,+ ] cell_nucleus, karyon, organelle,@ noun.Tops:cell,#p (a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction) }
{ nucleolus, nucleole, organelle,@ nucleus,#p (a small round body of protein in a cell nucleus; such organelles contain RNA and are involved in protein synthesis) }
{ nucleolus_organizer, nucleolus_organiser, nucleolar_organizer, nucleolar_organiser, structure,@ chromosome,#p (the particular part of a chromosome that is associated with a nucleolus after nuclear division) }
{ germ_plasm, plasm, protoplasm,@ (the protoplasm of the germ cells that contains chromosomes and genes) }
{ sex_chromatin, chromatin,@ (chromatin found only in female cells; "the presence or absence of sex chromatin in cells obtained by amniocentesis makes it possible to determine the sex of a fetus") }
{ [ chromatin, adj.pert:chromatinic,+ ] chromatin_granule, body_substance,@ cell_nucleus,#p chromosome,#p (the readily stainable substance of a cell nucleus consisting of DNA and RNA and various proteins; during mitotic division it condenses into chromosomes) }
{ [ achromatin, adj.pert:achromatinic,+ ] body_substance,@ cell_nucleus,#p (the part of a cell nucleus that is relatively uncolored by stains or dyes) }
{ linin, body_substance,@ cell_nucleus,#p (an obsolete term for the network of viscous material in the cell nucleus on which the chromatin granules were thought to be suspended) }
{ [ gene, adj.pert:genetical2,+ adj.pert:genetical,+ adj.pert:genic,+ adj.pert:genetic,+ ] cistron, factor, noun.group:sequence,@ noun.substance:DNA,#p chromosome,#p noun.cognition:genetics,;c noun.cognition:molecular_biology,;c ((genetics) a segment of DNA that is involved in producing a polypeptide chain; it can include regions preceding and following the coding DNA as well as introns between the exons; it is considered a unit of heredity; "genes were formerly called factors") }
{ dominant_gene, gene,@ (gene that produces the same phenotype in the organism whether or not its allele identical; "the dominant gene for brown eyes") }
{ [ allele, adj.pert:allelic,+ ] allelomorph, gene,@ noun.cognition:genetics,;c ((genetics) either of a pair (or series) of alternative forms of a gene that can occupy the same locus on a particular chromosome and that control the same character; "some alleles are dominant over others") }
{ dominant_allele, [ dominant, adj.all:dominant2,+ ] allele,@ (an allele that produces the same phenotype whether its paired allele is identical or different) }
{ recessive_allele, recessive, allele,@ (an allele that produces its characteristic phenotype only when its paired allele is identical) }
{ genetic_marker, gene,@ (a specific gene that produces a recognizable trait and can be used in family or population studies) }
{ homeotic_gene, gene,@ (one the genes that are involved in embryologic development) }
{ homeobox, homeobox_gene, homeotic_gene,@ (one of various similar homeotic genes that are involved in bodily segmentation during embryonic development) }
{ lethal_gene, gene,@ (any gene that has an effect that causes the death of the organism at any stage of life) }
{ linkage_group, linked_genes, gene,@ (any pair of genes that tend to be transmitted together; "the genes of Drosophila fall into four linkage groups") }
{ modifier, modifier_gene, gene,@ (a gene that modifies the effect produced by another gene) }
{ mutant_gene, gene,@ (a gene that has changed so that the normal transmission and expression of a trait is affected) }
{ haplotype, noun.group:combination,@ noun.cognition:genetics,;c ((genetics) a combination of alleles (for different genes) that are located closely together on the same chromosome and that tend to be inherited together) }
{ cystic_fibrosis_transport_regulator, CFTR, mutant_gene,@ (the gene that is mutated in cystic fibrosis) }
{ nonallele, gene,@ (genes that are not competitors at the same locus) }
{ operator_gene, gene,@ operon,#p (a gene that activates the production of messenger RNA by adjacent structural genes) }
{ operon, noun.substance:deoxyribonucleic_acid,@ (a segment of DNA containing adjacent genes including structural genes and an operator gene and a regulatory gene) }
{ oncogene, transforming_gene, gene,@ (a gene that disposes normal cells to change into cancerous tumor cells) }
{ [ polygene, adj.all:inheritable^polygenic,+ ] gene,@ (a gene that by itself has little effect on the phenotype but which can act together with others to produce observable variations) }
{ proto-oncogene, gene,@ (a normal gene that has the potential to become an oncogene) }
{ recessive_gene, gene,@ (gene that produces its characteristic phenotype only when its allele is identical; "the recessive gene for blue eyes") }
{ regulatory_gene, regulator_gene, gene,@ operon,#p (a gene that produces a repressor substance that inhibits an operator gene) }
{ repressor_gene, gene,@ (gene that prevents a nonallele from being transcribed) }
{ structural_gene, gene,@ (a gene that controls the production of a specific protein or peptide) }
{ suppressor, suppresser, suppressor_gene, suppresser_gene, gene,@ (a gene that suppresses the phenotypic expression of another gene (especially of a mutant gene)) }
{ transgene, gene,@ (an exogenous gene introduced into the genome of another organism) }
{ tumor_suppressor_gene, suppressor,@ (a suppressor gene that blocks unscheduled cell division) }
{ X-linked_gene, gene,@ (a gene located on an X chromosome) }
{ Y-linked_gene, holandric_gene, gene,@ (a gene located on a Y chromosome) }
{ [ chromosome, adj.pert:chromosomal,+ ] noun.object:body,@ nucleus,#p (a threadlike strand of DNA in the cell nucleus that carries the genes in a linear order; "humans have 22 chromosome pairs plus two sex chromosomes") }
{ X_chromosome, sex_chromosome,@ (the sex chromosome that is present in both sexes: singly in males and doubly in females; "human females normally have two X chromosomes") }
{ XX, sex_chromosome,@ noun.cognition:genetics,;c ((genetics) normal complement of sex chromosomes in a female) }
{ XXX, sex_chromosome,@ noun.cognition:genetics,;c ((genetics) abnormal complement of three X chromosomes in a female) }
{ XXY, sex_chromosome,@ noun.cognition:genetics,;c ((genetics) abnormal complement of sex hormones in a male resulting in Klinefelter's syndrome) }
{ XY, sex_chromosome,@ noun.cognition:genetics,;c ((genetics) normal complement of sex hormones in a male) }
{ XYY, sex_chromosome,@ noun.cognition:genetics,;c ((genetics) abnormal complement of sex hormones in a male who has two Y chromosomes) }
{ Y_chromosome, sex_chromosome,@ (the sex chromosome that is carried by men; "human males normally have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome") }
{ sex_chromosome, chromosome,@ noun.cognition:genetics,;c ((genetics) a chromosome that determines the sex of an individual; "mammals normally have two sex chromosomes") }
{ [ autosome, adj.pert:autosomal,+ ] somatic_chromosome, chromosome,@ (any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome; appear in pairs in body cells but as single chromosomes in spermatozoa) }
{ chromatid, noun.substance:strand,@ chromosome,#p (one of two identical strands into which a chromosome splits during mitosis) }
{ [ centromere, adj.pert:centromeric,+ ] kinetochore, structure,@ chromosome,#p (a specialized condensed region of each chromosome that appears during mitosis where the chromatids are held together to form an X shape; "the centromere is difficult to sequence") }
{ acentric_chromosome, chromosome,@ (a chromosome lacking a centromere) }
{ acrocentric_chromosome, chromosome,@ (a chromosome with the centromere near one end so that one chromosomal arm is short and one is long) }
{ karyotype, noun.attribute:constitution,@ (the appearance of the chromosomal makeup of a somatic cell in an individual or species (including the number and arrangement and size and structure of the chromosomes)) }
{ metacentric_chromosome, chromosome,@ (a chromosome having two equal arms because the centromere is in median position) }
{ telocentric_chromosome, chromosome,@ (a chromosome like a straight rod with the centromere in terminal position) }
{ mitochondrion, chondriosome, organelle,@ (an organelle containing enzymes responsible for producing energy) }
{ [ sarcosome, adj.pert:sarcosomal,+ ] mitochondrion,@ (a large mitochondrion in a striated muscle fiber) }
{ organelle, cell_organelle, cell_organ, organ,@ noun.Tops:cell,#p (a specialized part of a cell; analogous to an organ; "the first organelle to be identified was the nucleus") }
{ aster, structure,@ (star-shaped structure formed in the cytoplasm of a cell having fibers like rays that surround the centrosome during mitosis) }
{ centriole, organelle,@ (one of a pair of small cylindrical cell organelles near the nucleus in animal cells; composed of nine triplet microtubules and form the asters during mitosis) }
{ ribosome, organelle,@ (an organelle in the cytoplasm of a living cell; they attach to mRNA and move down it one codon at a time and then stop until tRNA brings the required amino acid; when it reaches a stop codon it falls apart and releases the completed protein molecule for use by the cell; "the ribosome is the site of protein synthesis") }
{ [ centrosome, adj.pert:centrosomic,+ ] central_body, cytoplasm,@ (small region of cytoplasm adjacent to the nucleus; contains the centrioles and serves to organize the microtubules) }
{ sarcoplasm, cytoplasm,@ myofibril,#p (the cytoplasm of a striated muscle fiber) }
{ vacuole, cavity,@ noun.Tops:cell,#p (a tiny cavity filled with fluid in the cytoplasm of a cell) }
{ sclera, sclerotic_coat, albuginea,@ eye,#p (the whitish fibrous membrane (albuginea) that with the cornea forms the outer covering and protection of the eyeball) }
{ semipermeable_membrane, membrane,@ (a membrane (as a cell membrane) that allows some molecules to pass through but not others) }
{ bone_cell, somatic_cell,@ bone,#p (a cell that is part of a bone) }
{ embryonic_cell, formative_cell, noun.Tops:cell,@ (a cell of an embryo) }
{ blastocyte, embryonic_cell,@ (an undifferentiated embryonic cell) }
{ ameloblast, embryonic_cell,@ (a cell from which tooth enamel develops) }
{ osteoblast, bone-forming_cell, embryonic_cell,@ (a cell from which bone develops) }
{ erythroblast, embryonic_cell,@ (a nucleated cell in bone marrow from which red blood cells develop) }
{ fibroblast, embryonic_cell,@ (a cell from which connective tissue develops) }
{ neuroblast, embryonic_cell,@ (a cell from which a nerve cell develops) }
{ myelocyte, leukocyte,@ (an immature leukocyte normally found in bone marrow) }
{ myeloblast, leukocyte,@ (a precursor of leukocytes that normally occurs only in bone marrow) }
{ sideroblast, erythroblast,@ (an erythroblast having granules of ferritin) }
{ [ megakaryocyte, adj.pert:megakaryocytic,+ ] bone_cell,@ (a large bone marrow cell; regarded as the source of blood platelets) }
{ osteoclast, bone_cell,@ (cell that functions in the breakdown and resorption of bone tissue) }
{ osteocyte, bone_cell,@ (mature bone cell) }
{ blood_cell, blood_corpuscle, [ corpuscle, adj.pert:corpuscular,+ ] somatic_cell,@ blood,#p (either of two types of cells (erythrocytes and leukocytes) and sometimes including platelets) }
{ akaryocyte, akaryote, acaryote, noun.Tops:cell,@ (a cell without a nucleus (as an erythrocyte)) }
{ megalocyte, macrocyte, red_blood_cell,@ (abnormally large red blood cell (associated with pernicious anemia)) }
{ [ megaloblast, adj.pert:megaloblastic,+ ] red_blood_cell,@ (abnormally large red blood cell present in pernicious anemia and folic acid deficiency) }
{ leukocyte, leucocyte, white_blood_cell, white_cell, white_blood_corpuscle, white_corpuscle, WBC, blood_cell,@ free_phagocyte,@ (blood cells that engulf and digest bacteria and fungi; an important part of the body's defense system) }
{ packed_cells, blood_cell,@ (a preparation of blood cells separated from the liquid plasma; "packed cells are given to severely anemic patients in order to avoid overloading the circulatory system with too much fluid") }
{ histiocyte, macrophage,@ connective_tissue,#p (a macrophage that is found in connective tissue) }
{ macrophage, phagocyte,@ (a large phagocyte; some are fixed and other circulate in the blood stream) }
{ [ phagocyte, adj.pert:phagocytic,+ ] scavenger_cell, somatic_cell,@ (a cell that engulfs and digests debris and invading microorganisms) }
{ fixed_phagocyte, phagocyte,@ (a phagocyte that does not circulate in the blood but is fixed in the liver or spleen or bone marrow etc.) }
{ free_phagocyte, phagocyte,@ (a phagocyte that circulates in the blood) }
{ [ lymphocyte, adj.pert:lymphocytic,+ ] lymph_cell, leukocyte,@ lymphatic_system,#p (an agranulocytic leukocyte that normally makes up a quarter of the white blood cell count but increases in the presence of infection) }
{ B_cell, B_lymphocyte, lymphocyte,@ (a lymphocyte derived from bone marrow that provides humoral immunity; it recognizes free antigen molecules in solution and matures into plasma cells that secrete immunoglobulin (antibodies) that inactivate the antigens) }
{ T_cell, T_lymphocyte, lymphocyte,@ (a small lymphocyte developed in the thymus; it orchestrates the immune system's response to infected or malignant cells) }
{ helper_T_cell, helper_cell, CD4_T_cell, CD4_cell, T_cell,@ (T cell with CD4 receptor that recognizes antigens on the surface of a virus-infected cell and secretes lymphokines that stimulate B cells and killer T cells; helper T cells are infected and killed by the AIDS virus) }
{ killer_T_cell, killer_cell, cytotoxic_T_cell, CD8_T_cell, CD8_cell, T_cell,@ (T cell with CD8 receptor that recognizes antigens on the surface of a virus-infected cell and binds to the infected cell and kill it) }
{ lymphoblast, lymphocyte,@ (an immature lymphocyte) }
{ plasma_cell, plasmacyte, lymphocyte,@ (a cell that develops from a B lymphocyte in reaction to a specific antigen; found in bone marrow and sometimes in the blood) }
{ plasmablast, plasma_cell,@ (the precursor of a plasma cell) }
{ [ granulocyte, adj.pert:granulocytic,+ ] leukocyte,@ (a leukocyte that has granules in its cytoplasm) }
{ monocyte, leukocyte,@ (a type of granular leukocyte that functions in the ingestion of bacteria) }
{ monoblast, monocyte,@ (a large immature monocyte normally found in bone marrow) }
{ basophil, basophile, leukocyte,@ (a leukocyte with basophilic granules easily stained by basic stains) }
{ neutrophil, neutrophile, leukocyte,@ (the chief phagocytic leukocyte; stains with either basic or acid dyes) }
{ microphage, neutrophil,@ noun.animal:bacteria,;c (a neutrophil that ingests small things (as bacteria)) }
{ [ eosinophil, adj.pert:eosinophilic,+ ] eosinophile, leukocyte,@ (a leukocyte readily stained with eosin) }
{ red_blood_cell, RBC, erythrocyte, blood_cell,@ (a mature blood cell that contains hemoglobin to carry oxygen to the bodily tissues; a biconcave disc that has no nucleus) }
{ acanthocyte, red_blood_cell,@ (an abnormal red blood cell that has thorny projections of protoplasm) }
{ microcyte, red_blood_cell,@ (an abnormally small red blood cell (less than 5 microns in diameter)) }
{ reticulocyte, red_blood_cell,@ (an immature red blood cell containing a network of filaments or granules) }
{ sickle_cell, red_blood_cell,@ (an abnormal red blood cell that has a crescent shape and an abnormal form of hemoglobin) }
{ siderocyte, red_blood_cell,@ (an abnormal red blood cell containing granules of iron not bound in hemoglobin) }
{ spherocyte, red_blood_cell,@ (an abnormal spherical red blood cell) }
{ target_cell, red_blood_cell,@ (an abnormal red blood cell with the appearance of a dark ring surrounding a dark center; associated with anemia) }
{ fovea, fovea_centralis, area,@ retina,#p (area consisting of a small depression in the retina containing cones and where vision is most acute) }
{ parafovea, area,@ retina,#p (area of the retina immediately surrounding the fovea) }
{ macula, macula_lutea, macular_area, yellow_spot, area,@ retina,#p (a small yellowish central area of the retina that is rich in cones and that mediates clear detailed vision) }
{ visual_cell, somatic_cell,@ retina,#p (one of the cells of the retina that is sensitive to light) }
{ blind_spot, optic_disc, optic_disk, noun.location:point,@ retina,#p (the point where the optic nerve enters the retina; not sensitive to light) }
{ cone, cone_cell, retinal_cone, visual_cell,@ retina,#p (a visual receptor cell in the retina that is sensitive to bright light and to color) }
{ rod, rod_cell, retinal_rod, visual_cell,@ retina,#p (a visual receptor cell that is sensitive to dim light) }
{ fat_cell, adipose_cell, somatic_cell,@ (cells composed of fat) }
{ reproductive_cell, germ_cell, sex_cell, noun.Tops:cell,@ reproductive_system,#p (a spermatozoon or an ovum; a cell responsible for transmitting DNA to the next generation) }
{ gamete, reproductive_cell,@ (a mature sexual reproductive cell having a single set of unpaired chromosomes) }
{ [ anisogamete, adj.pert:anisogametic,+ ] gamete,@ (either of a pair of unlike gametes especially those unlike in size) }
{ isogamete, gamete,@ (either of a pair of conjugating gametes of the same size and structure) }
{ [ sperm, adj.pert:spermatic,+ adj.pert:spermous,+ ] sperm_cell, spermatozoon, spermatozoan, gamete,@ male_reproductive_system,#p semen,#p (the male reproductive cell; the male gamete; "a sperm is mostly a nucleus surrounded by little other cellular material") }
{ acrosome, process,@ sperm,#p (a process at the anterior end of a sperm cell that produces enzymes to facilitate penetration of the egg) }
{ [ ovum, verb.body:ovulate,+ ] egg_cell, gamete,@ female_reproductive_system,#p (the female reproductive cell; the female gamete) }
{ ootid, ovum,@ (mature ovum after penetration by sperm but before the formation of a zygote) }
{ [ ovule1, adj.pert:ovular1,+ verb.body:ovulate,+ ] ovum,@ (a small or immature ovum) }
{ gametocyte, noun.Tops:cell,@ (an immature animal or plant cell that develops into a gamete by meiosis) }
{ oocyte, gametocyte,@ (a female gametocyte that develops into an ovum after two meiotic divisions) }
{ polar_body, noun.Tops:cell,@ (a small cell containing little cytoplasm that is produced along with the oocyte and later discarded) }
{ spermatocele, noun.state:swelling,@ (a swelling on the epididymis or the testis; usually contains spermatozoa) }
{ spermatocyte, gametocyte,@ (a male gametocyte that develops into four spermatids) }
{ spermatid, gamete,@ (an immature gamete produced by a spermatocyte; develops into a spermatozoon) }
{ muscle_cell, muscle_fiber, muscle_fibre, fiber,@ somatic_cell,@ muscle,#p (an elongated contractile cell that forms the muscles of the body) }
{ Leydig_cell, Leydig's_cell, noun.Tops:cell,@ (a cell in the testes that secretes the hormone testosterone) }
{ Sertoli_cell, Sertoli's_cell, noun.Tops:cell,@ (elongated cells found in the seminiferous tubules of the testis; apparently they nourish the spermatids) }
{ striated_muscle_cell, striated_muscle_fiber, muscle_cell,@ skeletal_muscle,#p (an elongated contractile cell in striated muscle tissue) }
{ myofibril, myofibrilla, sarcostyle, noun.substance:fibril,@ striated_muscle_cell,#p (one of many contractile filaments that make up a striated muscle fiber) }
{ sarcomere, noun.object:segment,@ myofibril,#p (one of the segments into which a myofibril is divided) }
{ smooth_muscle1, muscle1,@ (muscle tissue that does not appear striated under the microscope; has the form of thin layers or sheets) }
{ smooth_muscle, involuntary_muscle, muscle,@ (a muscle that contracts without conscious control and found in walls of internal organs such as stomach and intestine and bladder and blood vessels (excluding the heart)) }
{ smooth_muscle_cell, muscle_cell,@ smooth_muscle1,#p (cells of the smooth muscles) }
{ immune_system, system,@ (a system (including the thymus and bone marrow and lymphoid tissues) that protects the body from foreign substances and pathogenic organisms by producing the immune response) }
{ integumentary_system, system,@ (the skin and its appendages) }
{ reticuloendothelial_system, RES, system,@ immune_system,#p (a widely distributed system consisting of all the cells able to ingest bacteria or colloidal particles etc, except for certain white blood cells) }
{ mononuclear_phagocyte_system, MPS, system_of_macrophages, system,@ reticuloendothelial_system,#p (a widely distributed system of free and fixed macrophages derived from bone marrow) }
{ muscular_structure, musculature, muscle_system, system,@ musculoskeletal_system,#p (the muscular system of an organism) }
{ musculoskeletal_system, system,@ body,#p (the system of muscles and tendons and ligaments and bones and joints and associated tissues that move the body and maintain its form) }
{ nervous_system, systema_nervosum, system,@ body,#p (the sensory and control apparatus consisting of a network of nerve cells) }
{ neural_structure, structure,@ (a structure that is part of the nervous system) }
{ reflex_arc, neural_structure,@ (the neural path of a reflex) }
{ center, [ centre, noun.location:Canada,;r noun.location:Britain,;r ] nerve_center, [ nerve_centre, noun.location:Canada,;r noun.location:Britain,;r ] neural_structure,@ (a cluster of nerve cells governing a specific bodily process; "in most people the speech center is in the left hemisphere") }
{ auditory_center, center,@ (the part of the brain (in a fold of the cerebral cortex of the temporal lobe on both sides of the brain) that receives impulses from the ear by way of the auditory nerve) }
{ nerve_fiber, nerve_fibre, fiber,@ noun.substance:fiber,@ nerve,#p (a threadlike extension of a nerve cell) }
{ medullated_nerve_fiber, myelinated_nerve_fiber, nerve_fiber,@ (a nerve fiber encased in a sheath of myelin) }
{ Ranvier's_nodes, nodes_of_Ranvier, noun.object:opening,@ myelin_sheath,#p (small gaps in the myelin sheath of medullated axons) }
{ medullary_sheath, myelin_sheath, sheath,@ medullated_nerve_fiber,#p (a layer of myelin encasing (and insulating) the axons of medullated nerve fibers) }
{ neurolemma, neurilemma, sheath,@ nerve_fiber,#p (thin membranous sheath around a nerve fiber) }
{ Schwann_cell, somatic_cell,@ (any cell that covers the nerve fibers in the peripheral nervous system and forms the myelin sheath) }
{ effector1, nerve_fiber,@ (a nerve fiber that terminates on a muscle or gland and stimulates contraction or secretion) }
{ end_organ, organ,@ (a specialized structure at the peripheral end of some motor or sensory nerve fibers) }
{ nerve_cell, [ neuron, adj.pert:neural,+ adj.pert:neuronic,+ adj.pert:neuronal,+ ] somatic_cell,@ nervous_system,#p (a cell that is specialized to conduct nerve impulses) }
{ brain_cell, nerve_cell,@ brain,#p (a nerve cell in the brain) }
{ Golgi's_cell, Golgi_cell, brain_cell,@ cerebral_cortex,#p spinal_cord,#p (a neuron in the cerebral cortex with short dendrites and with either a long axon or a short axon that ramifies in the grey matter) }
{ Purkinje_cell, brain_cell,@ (a large densely branching neuron that is the characteristic cell of the cerebellar cortex) }
{ end-plate, endplate, motor_end_plate, end_organ,@ effector1,#p (the flattened end of a motor neuron that transmits neural impulses to a muscle) }
{ osmoreceptor, end_organ,@ (sensory end organ that responds to changes in osmotic pressure) }
{ motor_neuron, efferent_neuron, motor_nerve_fiber, motoneuron, nerve_cell,@ motor_nerve,#p (a neuron conducting impulses outwards from the brain or spinal cord) }
{ sensory_neuron, afferent_neuron, nerve_cell,@ sensory_nerve,#p (a neuron conducting impulses inwards to the brain or spinal cord) }
{ [ neuroglia, adj.pert:neuroglial,+ ] [ glia, adj.pert:glial,+ ] interstitial_tissue,@ noun.state:glioma,#s CNS,#p (sustentacular tissue that surrounds and supports neurons in the central nervous system; glial and neural cells together compose the tissue of the central nervous system) }
{ neurogliacyte, neuroglial_cell, glial_cell, somatic_cell,@ neuroglia,#p (a cell of the neuroglia) }
{ astroglia, macroglia, neuroglia,@ (tissue consisting of large stellate neuroglial cells) }
{ [ astrocyte, adj.pert:astrocytic,+ ] neurogliacyte,@ astroglia,#p (comparatively large neuroglial cell) }
{ fibrous_astrocyte, astrocyte,@ white_matter,#p (star-shaped cells with long processes; found in the white matter of the brain and spinal cord) }
{ protoplasmic_astrocyte, astrocyte,@ (a kind of astrocyte found in the grey matter) }
{ microglia, neuroglia,@ (neuroglial tissue of mesodermal origin that can become phagocytic) }
{ microgliacyte, neurogliacyte,@ microglia,#p (a cell of the microglia that may become phagocytic and collect waste products of nerve tissue) }
{ oligodendroglia, oligodendria, neuroglia,@ myelin_sheath,#p (tissue consisting of glial cells with sheetlike processes that form the myelin sheath of nerve fibers) }
{ oligodendrocyte, neurogliacyte,@ oligodendroglia,#p (a cell of the oligodendroglia) }
{ [ axon, adj.pert:axonal,+ ] axone, nerve_fiber,@ neuron,#p (long nerve fiber that conducts away from the cell body of the neuron) }
{ nerve_ending, nerve_end, noun.location:end,@ axon,#p (the terminal structure of an axon that does not end at a synapse) }
{ free_nerve_ending, nerve_ending,@ skin,#p (microscopic sensory nerve endings in the skin that are not connected to any specific sensory receptor) }
{ Pacinian_corpuscle, nerve_ending,@ skin,#p (a specialized bulblike nerve ending located in the subcutaneous tissue of the skin; occurs abundantly in the skin of palms and soles and joints and genitals) }
{ proprioceptor, nerve_ending,@ (special nerve endings in the muscles and tendons and other organs that respond to stimuli regarding the position and movement of the body) }
{ [ dendrite, adj.pert:dendritic,+ ] nerve_fiber,@ neuron,#p (short fiber that conducts toward the cell body of the neuron) }
{ hybridoma, somatic_cell,@ (a hybrid cell resulting from the fusion of a lymphocyte and a tumor cell; used to culture a specific monoclonal antibody) }
{ process, outgrowth, appendage1, body_part,@ (a natural prolongation or projection from a part of an organism either animal or plant; "a bony process") }
{ [ caruncle, adj.pert:caruncular,+ adj.pert:carunculous,+ ] [ caruncula, adj.pert:caruncular,+ ] process,@ (an outgrowth on a plant or animal such as a fowl's wattle or a protuberance near the hilum of certain seeds) }
{ wattle, lappet, caruncle,@ (a fleshy wrinkled and often brightly colored fold of skin hanging from the neck or throat of certain birds (chickens and turkeys) or lizards) }
{ [ condyle, adj.pert:condylar,+ ] process,@ bone,#p (a round bump on a bone where it forms a joint with another bone) }
{ condylar_process, condyloid_process, mandibular_condyle, condyle,@ mandible,#p (the condyle of the ramus of the mandible that articulates with the skull) }
{ coronoid_process, processus_coronoideus, process,@ bone,#p (a sharp triangular process projecting from a bone) }
{ coronoid_process_of_the_mandible, coronoid_process,@ mandible,#p (the coronoid process that provides an attachment for the temporal muscle) }
{ lateral_condyle, condyle,@ femur,#p (a condyle on the outer side of the lower extremity of the femur) }
{ medial_condyle, condyle,@ femur,#p (a condyle on the inner side of the lower extremity of the femur) }
{ epicondyle, process,@ (a projection on a bone above a condyle serving for the attachment of muscles and ligaments) }
{ lateral_epicondyle, epicondyle,@ (epicondyle near the lateral condyle of the femur) }
{ fimbria, process,@ (thin projections forming a fringe (especially around the ovarian end of the Fallopian tube)) }
{ [ apophysis, adj.pert:apophyseal1,+ ] process,@ vertebra,#p noun.cognition:anatomy,;c ((anatomy) a natural outgrowth or projection on an organ or body part such as the process of a vertebra) }
{ spicule, spiculum, process,@ (small pointed structure serving as a skeletal element in various marine and freshwater invertebrates e.g. sponges and corals) }
{ osteophyte, process,@ (small abnormal bony outgrowth) }
{ [ papilla, adj.pert:papillary,+ ] process,@ (a small projection of tissue at the base of a hair or tooth or feather) }
{ [ papilla1, adj.pert:papillary,+ ] process,@ sense_organ,#p (a small nipple-shaped protuberance concerned with taste, touch, or smell; "the papillae of the tongue") }
{ [ synapse, adj.pert:synaptic,+ ] noun.state:junction,@ nerve,#p (the junction between two neurons (axon-to-dendrite) or between a neuron and a muscle; "nerve impulses cross a synapse through the action of neurotransmitters") }
{ neuromuscular_junction, myoneural_junction, synapse,@ (the junction between a nerve fiber and the muscle it supplies) }
{ [ nerve, adj.pert:nervous,+ ] nervus, fiber_bundle,@ (any bundle of nerve fibers running to various organs and tissues of the body) }
{ motor_nerve, efferent_nerve, [ efferent, adj.all:efferent,+ ] nerve,@ (a nerve that conveys impulses toward or to muscles or glands) }
{ motor_fiber, efferent_fiber, nerve_fiber,@ motor_nerve,#p (a nerve fiber that carries impulses toward the muscles or glands) }
{ sensory_nerve, afferent_nerve, [ afferent, adj.all:afferent,+ ] nerve,@ (a nerve that passes impulses from receptors toward or to the central nervous system) }
{ sensory_fiber, afferent_fiber, nerve_fiber,@ sensory_nerve,#p (a nerve fiber that carries impulses toward the central nervous system) }
{ lemniscus, fillet, sensory_nerve,@ (a bundle of sensory nerve fibers going to the thalamus) }
{ fiber_bundle, fibre_bundle, fascicle, fasciculus, nervous_tissue,@ nervous_system,#p (a bundle of fibers (especially nerve fibers)) }
{ nerve_pathway, tract, nerve_tract, pathway, white_matter,@ (a bundle of myelinated nerve fibers following a path through the brain) }
{ commissure, nerve_pathway,@ (a bundle of nerve fibers passing from one side to the other of the brain or spinal cord) }
{ cranial_nerve, nerve,@ (any of the 12 paired nerves that originate in the brain stem) }
{ depressor1, depressor_nerve, nerve,@ (any nerve whose activity tends to reduce the activity or tone of the body part it serves) }
{ peduncle, cerebral_peduncle, nerve_pathway,@ forebrain,#p (a bundle of myelinated neurons joining different parts of the brain) }
{ [ hemisphere, adj.pert:hemispheric,+ adj.pert:hemispherical,+ ] cerebral_hemisphere, neural_structure,@ cerebrum,#p (either half of the cerebrum) }
{ left_hemisphere, left_brain, hemisphere,@ (the cerebral hemisphere to the left of the corpus callosum that controls the right half of the body) }
{ pyriform_area, piriform_area, pyriform_lobe, piriform_lobe, neural_structure,@ rhinencephalon,#p (pear-shaped neural structure on either side of the brain in the rhinencephalon) }
{ right_hemisphere, right_brain, hemisphere,@ (the cerebral hemisphere to the right of the corpus callosum that controls the left half of the body) }
{ rhinencephalon, olfactory_brain, center,@ (a center in the cerebral hemispheres that governs the sense of smell in lower animals; in humans it seems to mediate complex emotional behavior) }
{ olfactory_nerve, nervii_olfactorii, first_cranial_nerve, cranial_nerve,@ sensory_system,#p (a collective term for numerous olfactory filaments in the nasal mucosa) }
{ olfactory_bulb, neural_structure,@ rhinencephalon,#p (one of two enlargements at the terminus of the olfactory nerve at the base of the brain just above the nasal cavities) }
{ optic_nerve, nervus_opticus, second_cranial_nerve, optic_tract, cranial_nerve,@ visual_system,#p diencephalon,#p (the cranial nerve that serves the retina) }
{ oculomotor, oculomotor_nerve, nervus_oculomotorius, third_cranial_nerve, cranial_nerve,@ (supplies extrinsic muscles of the eye) }
{ trochlear, trochlear_nerve, trochlearis, fourth_cranial_nerve, cranial_nerve,@ (either of the two cranial nerves on either side that control the superior oblique muscles of the eyes) }
{ trigeminal, trigeminal_nerve, trigeminus, nervus_trigeminus, fifth_cranial_nerve, cranial_nerve,@ (the main sensory nerve of the face and motor nerve for the muscles of mastication) }
{ abducent, abducent_nerve, abducens, abducens_nerve, nervus_abducens, sixth_cranial_nerve, cranial_nerve,@ (a small motor nerve supplying the lateral rectus muscle of the eye) }
{ [ facial, adj.pert:facial,+ ] facial_nerve, nervus_facialis, seventh_cranial_nerve, cranial_nerve,@ face,#p (cranial nerve that supplies facial muscles) }
{ acoustic_nerve, auditory_nerve, vestibulocochlear_nerve, nervus_vestibulocochlearis, eighth_cranial_nerve, cranial_nerve,@ auditory_system,#p (a composite sensory nerve supplying the hair cells of the vestibular organ and the hair cells of the cochlea) }
{ glossopharyngeal_nerve, nervus_glossopharyngeus, ninth_cranial_nerve, cranial_nerve,@ (sensory nerve to the pharynx and back of the tongue; motor fibers innervate muscles that elevate the pharynx and larynx; includes parasympathetic fibers to the otic ganglion) }
{ [ vagus, adj.pert:vagal,+ ] vagus_nerve, nervus_vagus, [ pneumogastric, adj.pert:pneumogastric1,+ ] pneumogastric_nerve, tenth_cranial_nerve, wandering_nerve, cranial_nerve,@ (a mixed nerve that supplies the pharynx and larynx and lungs and heart and esophagus and stomach and most of the abdominal viscera) }
{ accessory_nerve, spinal_accessory, nervus_accessorius, eleventh_cranial_nerve, cranial_nerve,@ (arises from two sets of roots (cranial and spinal) that unite to form the nerve) }
{ hypoglossal, hypoglossal_nerve, nervus_hypoglosus, twelfth_cranial_nerve, cranial_nerve,@ (supplies intrinsic muscles of the tongue and other tongue muscles) }
{ central_nervous_system, CNS, systema_nervosum_centrale, system,@ nervous_system,#p (the portion of the vertebrate nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord) }
{ [ brain, verb.contact:brain1,+ verb.contact:brain,+ ] encephalon, neural_structure,@ head,#p central_nervous_system,#p (that part of the central nervous system that includes all the higher nervous centers; enclosed within the skull; continuous with the spinal cord) }
{ neencephalon, neoencephalon, neural_structure,@ brain,#p (the part of the brain having the most recent phylogenetic origin; the cerebral cortex and related parts) }
{ neopallium, [ neocortex, adj.pert:neocortical,+ ] cerebral_cortex,@ (the cortical part of the neencephalon) }
{ archipallium, [ paleocortex, adj.pert:paleocortical,+ ] cerebral_cortex,@ (the olfactory cortex of the cerebrum) }
{ metencephalon, hindbrain,@ (the part of the hindbrain that develops into the pons and the cerebellum) }
{ paleencephalon, paleoencephalon, palaeencephalon, neural_structure,@ (the more primitive parts of the brain phylogenetically; most structures other than the cerebral cortex) }
{ leptomeninges, meninx,@ (the two innermost layers of the meninges; cerebrospinal fluid circulates between these innermost layers) }
{ dura_mater, [ dura, adj.pert:dural,+ ] meninx,@ tentorium,#s (the outermost (and toughest) of the 3 meninges) }
{ arachnoid, arachnoid_membrane, meninx,@ leptomeninges,#p (the middle of the 3 meninges) }
{ pia_mater, meninx,@ leptomeninges,#p (the highly vascular innermost of the 3 meninges) }
{ subarachnoid_space, noun.shape:space,@ meninges,#p (a space in the meninges beneath the arachnoid membrane and above the pia mater that contains the cerebrospinal fluid) }
{ neuropil, neuropile, nervous_tissue,@ gray_matter,#s (the complex network of unmyelinated axones, dendrites, and glial branches that form the bulk of the central nervous system's grey matter and in which nerve cell bodies are embedded) }
{ grey_matter, gray_matter, grey_substance, gray_substance, substantia_grisea, nervous_tissue,@ cerebral_cortex,#s (greyish nervous tissue containing cell bodies as well as fibers; forms the cerebral cortex consisting of unmyelinated neurons) }
{ white_matter, substantia_alba, nervous_tissue,@ CNS,#s (whitish nervous tissue of the CNS consisting of neurons and their myelin sheaths) }
{ [ pituitary, adj.pert:pituitary,+ ] pituitary_gland, pituitary_body, [ hypophysis, adj.pert:hypophysial,+ adj.pert:hypophyseal,+ ] endocrine_gland,@ diencephalon,#p (the master gland of the endocrine system; located at the base of the brain) }
{ hypophyseal_stalk, infundibulum,@ pituitary,#p (the funnel-shaped stalk connecting the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus) }
{ anterior_pituitary, anterior_pituitary_gland, adenohypophysis, endocrine_gland,@ pituitary,#p (the anterior lobe of the pituitary body; primarily glandular in nature) }
{ pars_distilis, pars_anterior, endocrine_gland,@ anterior_pituitary,#p (the anterior part of the anterior pituitary) }
{ pars_intermedia, endocrine_gland,@ posterior_pituitary,#p (a thin piece of tissue that has become part of the posterior pituitary) }
{ posterior_pituitary, posterior_pituitary_gland, neurohypophysis, pars_nervosa, endocrine_gland,@ pituitary,#p (the posterior lobe of the pituitary body; primarily glandular in nature) }
{ pineal_gland, pineal_body, epiphysis_cerebri, epiphysis1, endocrine_gland,@ (a small endocrine gland in the brain; situated beneath the back part of the corpus callosum; secretes melatonin) }
{ islands_of_Langerhans, isles_of_Langerhans, islets_of_Langerhans, endocrine_gland,@ pancreas,#p (cell clusters in the pancreas that form the endocrine part of that organ; secrete insulin and other hormones) }
{ [ cerebellum, adj.pert:cerebellar,+ ] neural_structure,@ hindbrain,#p (a major division of the vertebrate brain; situated above the medulla oblongata and beneath the cerebrum in humans) }
{ cerebellar_hemisphere, neural_structure,@ cerebellum,#p (either of two lateral lobes of the cerebellum) }
{ dentate_nucleus, nucleus1,@ cerebellum,#p (a large laminar nucleus of grey matter within the white matter of each cerebral hemisphere) }
{ vermis, vermis_cerebelli, neural_structure,@ cerebellum,#p (the narrow central part of the cerebellum between the two hemispheres) }
{ paleocerebellum, neural_structure,@ cerebellum,#p (the anterior lobe of the cerebellum which was one of the earliest parts of the hindbrain to develop in mammals) }
{ cerebral_cortex, cerebral_mantle, pallium1, [ cortex1, adj.pert:cortical,+ ] neural_structure,@ cerebrum,#p (the layer of unmyelinated neurons (the grey matter) forming the cortex of the cerebrum) }
{ cortical_area, cortical_region, area,@ cerebral_cortex,#p (any of various regions of the cerebral cortex) }
{ association_area, association_cortex, cortical_area,@ (cortical areas that are neither motor or sensory but are thought to be involved in higher processing of information) }
{ geniculate_body, neural_structure,@ thalamus,#p (one of four small oval masses that protrude slightly from the underside of the thalamus and function as synaptic centers on the way to the cerebral cortex) }
{ lateral_geniculate_body, corpus_geniculatum_laterale, lateral_geniculate, geniculate_body,@ (a neural structure that serves as a processing station on the way from the retina to the occipital lobe of the cerebral cortex) }
{ medial_geniculate_body, corpus_geniculatum_mediale, medial_geniculate, geniculate_body,@ (a neural structure that serves as the last of a series of processing centers along the auditory pathway from the cochlea to the temporal lobe of the cerebral cortex) }
{ auditory_area, auditory_cortex, cortical_area,@ (the cortical area that receives auditory information from the medial geniculate body) }
{ Broca's_area, Broca's_center, Broca's_gyrus, Broca's_convolution, convolution_of_Broca, center,@ language_area,#p (the motor speech center in the left hemisphere of the brain in most people) }
{ Brodmann's_area, cortical_area,@ (one of the cortical areas mapped out on the basis of its cytoarchitecture) }
{ frontal_gyrus, gyrus,@ frontal_lobe,#p (any of the convolutions of the outer surface of the frontal lobe of the cerebrum) }
{ temporal_gyrus, gyrus,@ temporal_lobe,#p (any of the convolutions of the outer surface of the temporal lobe of the cerebrum) }
{ parietal_gyrus, gyrus,@ parietal_lobe,#p (any of the convolutions of the outer surface of the parietal lobe of the cerebrum) }
{ occipital_gyrus, gyrus,@ occipital_lobe,#p (any of the convolutions of the outer surface of the occipital lobe of the cerebrum) }
{ language_area, language_zone, cortical_area,@ left_hemisphere,#p (a large cortical area (in the left hemisphere in most people) containing all the centers associated with language) }
{ motor_area, motor_region, motor_cortex, Rolando's_area, excitable_area, cortical_area,@ (the cortical area that influences motor movements) }
{ sensorium, cortical_area,@ (the areas of the brain that process and register incoming sensory information and make possible the conscious awareness of the world) }
{ sensorimotor_area, sensorimotor_region, cortical_area,@ (an area of the cortex including the precentral gyrus and the postcentral gyrus and combining sensory and motor functions) }
{ visual_area, visual_cortex, cortical_area,@ (the cortical area that receives information from the lateral geniculate body of the thalamus) }
{ Wernicke's_area, Wernicke's_center, center,@ language_area,#p (the auditory word center; located in the posterior part of the superior temporal convolution in most people) }
{ [ cortex, adj.pert:cortical,+ medulla,! ] animal_tissue,@ noun.plant:plant_tissue,@ (the tissue forming the outer layer of an organ or structure in plant or animal) }
{ [ medulla, adj.pert:medullary,+ cortex,! ] animal_tissue,@ noun.plant:plant_tissue,@ (the inner part of an organ or structure in plant or animal) }
{ adrenal_cortex, cortex,@ endocrine_gland,@ adrenal_gland,#p (the cortex of the adrenal gland; secretes corticosterone and sex hormones) }
{ renal_cortex, cortex,@ kidney,#p (the cortex of the kidney containing the glomeruli and the convoluted tubules) }
{ adrenal_medulla, medulla,@ endocrine_gland,@ adrenal_gland,#p (the medulla of the adrenal gland; secretes epinephrine) }
{ corpus_callosum, commissure,@ forebrain,#p (a broad transverse nerve tract connecting the two cerebral hemispheres) }
{ pyramidal_tract, pyramidal_motor_system, corticospinal_tract, motor_nerve,@ central_nervous_system,#p (any of the important motor nerves on each side of the central nervous system that run from the sensorimotor areas of the cortex through the brainstem to motor neurons of the cranial nerve nuclei and the ventral root of the spinal cord) }
{ cerebrum, neural_structure,@ telencephalon,#p (anterior portion of the brain consisting of two hemispheres; dominant part of the brain in humans) }
{ fold, plica, structure,@ (a folded part (as in skin or muscle)) }
{ gyrus, convolution, structure,@ cerebrum,#p (a convex fold or elevation in the surface of the brain) }
{ central_gyrus, gyrus,@ (either of two gyri on either side of the central sulcus) }
{ precentral_gyrus, central_gyrus,@ frontal_lobe,#p (the convolution of the frontal lobe that is bounded in back by the central sulcus and that contains the motor area) }
{ [ precordium, adj.pert:precordial,+ ] external_organ,@ (the external surface of the body overlying the heart and stomach) }
{ postcentral_gyrus, central_gyrus,@ parietal_lobe,#p (the convolution of parietal lobe that is bounded in front by the central sulcus) }
{ [ lobe, adj.pert:lobar,+ ] body_part,@ organ,#p noun.cognition:anatomy,;c ((anatomy) a somewhat rounded subdivision of a bodily organ or part; "ear lobe") }
{ [ lobule, adj.pert:lobular,+ ] lobe,@ (a small lobe or subdivision of a lobe) }
{ frontal_lobe, frontal_cortex, lobe,@ cerebral_cortex,#p (that part of the cerebral cortex in either hemisphere of the brain lying directly behind the forehead) }
{ prefrontal_lobe, prefrontal_cortex, lobe,@ cerebral_cortex,#p (the anterior part of the frontal lobe) }
{ parietal_lobe, parietal_cortex, lobe,@ cerebral_cortex,#p (that part of the cerebral cortex in either hemisphere of the brain lying below the crown of the head) }
{ occipital_lobe, occipital_cortex, lobe,@ cerebral_cortex,#p (that part of the cerebral cortex in either hemisphere of the brain lying in the back of the head) }
{ striate_cortex, striate_area, first_visual_area, area_17_of_Brodmann, Brodmann's_area_17", cortical_area,@ occipital_lobe,#p (the part of the occipital cortex that receives the fibers of the optic radiation from the lateral geniculate body and is the primary receptive area for vision) }
{ temporal_lobe, temporal_cortex, lobe,@ cerebral_cortex,#p (that part of the cerebral cortex in either hemisphere of the brain lying inside the temples of the head) }
{ medulla_oblongata, [ medulla2, adj.pert:medullary2,+ ] [ bulb2, adj.pert:bulbar,+ ] neural_structure,@ brainstem,#p (lower or hindmost part of the brain; continuous with spinal cord; (`bulb' is an old term for medulla oblongata); "the medulla oblongata is the most vital part of the brain because it contains centers controlling breathing and heart functioning") }
{ amygdala, amygdaloid_nucleus, corpus_amygdaloideum, basal_ganglion,@ limbic_system,#p temporal_lobe,#p (an almond-shaped neural structure in the anterior part of the temporal lobe of the cerebrum; intimately connected with the hypothalamus and the hippocampus and the cingulate gyrus; as part of the limbic system it plays an important role in motivation and emotional behavior) }
{ forebrain, prosencephalon, neural_structure,@ brain,#p (the anterior portion of the brain; the part of the brain that develops from the anterior part of the neural tube) }
{ hippocampus, neural_structure,@ limbic_system,#p (a complex neural structure (shaped like a sea horse) consisting of grey matter and located on the floor of each lateral ventricle; intimately involved in motivation and emotion as part of the limbic system; has a central role in the formation of memories) }
{ cingulate_gyrus, gyrus_cinguli, neural_structure,@ limbic_system,#p (a long curved structure on the medial surface of the cerebral hemispheres; the cortical part of the limbic system) }
{ telencephalon, neural_structure,@ forebrain,#p (the anterior division of the forebrain; the cerebrum and related parts of the hypothalamus) }
{ diencephalon, interbrain, betweenbrain, thalmencephalon, neural_structure,@ forebrain,#p (the posterior division of the forebrain; connects the cerebral hemispheres with the mesencephalon) }
{ basal_ganglion, ganglion,@ pyramidal_tract,#p diencephalon,#p (any of several masses of subcortical grey matter at the base of each cerebral hemisphere that seem to be involved in the regulation of voluntary movement) }
{ caudate_nucleus, [ caudate, adj.all:caudate,+ ] basal_ganglion,@ corpus_striatum,#p (a tail-shaped basal ganglion located in a lateral ventricle of the brain) }
{ claustrum, basal_ganglion,@ (a layer of grey matter in the brain adjacent to the lenticular nucleus) }
{ lenticular_nucleus, lentiform_nucleus, basal_ganglion,@ corpus_striatum,#p (a basal ganglion shaped like a lens and including the outer reddish putamen and the inner pale yellow pallidum) }
{ pallidum, globus_pallidus, paleostriatum, basal_ganglion,@ lenticular_nucleus,#p (the inner pale yellow part of the lenticular nucleus) }
{ putamen, basal_ganglion,@ lenticular_nucleus,#p (the outer reddish part of the lenticular nucleus) }
{ subthalamic_nucleus, nucleus,@ subthalamus,#p (an oval mass of grey matter located in the caudal part of the subthalamus; associated with the striate body) }

{ limbic_system, visceral_brain, limbic_brain, neural_structure,@ (a system of functionally related neural structures in the brain that are involved in emotional behavior) }
{ subthalamus, neural_structure,@ thalamus,#p (the ventral part of the thalamus) }
{ thalamus, neural_structure,@ diencephalon,#p (large egg-shaped structures of grey matter that form the dorsal subdivision of the diencephalon) }
{ [ hypothalamus, adj.pert:hypothalamic,+ ] neural_structure,@ diencephalon,#p (a basal part of the diencephalon governing autonomic nervous system) }
{ corpus_striatum, striatum, striate_body, basal_ganglion,@ (a striped mass of white and grey matter located in front of the thalamus in each cerebral hemisphere; consists of the caudate nucleus and the lenticular nucleus) }
{ midbrain, mesencephalon, neural_structure,@ brain,#p (the middle portion of the brain) }
{ substantia_nigra, nucleus_niger, locus_niger, neural_structure,@ midbrain,#p (a layer of deeply pigmented grey matter in the midbrain; associated with the striate body; is involved in metabolic disturbances associated with Parkinson's disease and with Huntington's disease) }
{ superior_colliculus, center,@ midbrain,#p (an essential visual center between the retina and the striate cortex) }
{ inferior_colliculus, center,@ midbrain,#p (an essential auditory center in the midbrain) }
{ hindbrain, rhombencephalon, neural_structure,@ brain,#p (the posterior portion of the brain including cerebellum and brainstem) }
{ myelencephalon, neural_structure,@ hindbrain,#p (the posterior part of the hindbrain in developing vertebrates; forms the medulla oblongata in adults) }
{ pons, pons_Varolii, neural_structure,@ brainstem,#p (a band of nerve fibers linking the medulla oblongata and the cerebellum with the midbrain) }
{ brainstem, brain-stem, brain_stem, neural_structure,@ brain,#p (the part of the brain continuous with the spinal cord and comprising the medulla oblongata and pons and midbrain and parts of the hypothalamus) }
{ [ reticulum, adj.all:reticular,+ verb.stative:reticulate,+ verb.social:reticulate,+ verb.contact:reticulate,+ ] noun.group:network,@ (any fine network (especially one in the body composed of cells or blood vessels)) }
{ neural_network, neural_net, reticulum,@ nervous_system,#p (any network of neurons or nuclei that function together to perform some function in the body) }
{ nucleus1, neural_structure,@ (any histologically identifiable mass of neural cell bodies in the brain or spinal cord) }
{ reticular_formation, RF, neural_network,@ brainstem,#p (a complex neural network in the central core of the brainstem; monitors the state of the body and functions in such processes as arousal and sleep and attention and muscle tone) }
{ reticular_activating_system, RAS, neural_network,@ reticular_formation,#p (the network in the reticular formation that serves an alerting or arousal function) }
{ [ ventricle2, adj.pert:ventricular1,+ ] cavity,@ brain,#p (one of four connected cavities in the brain; is continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord and contains cerebrospinal fluid) }
{ fourth_ventricle, ventricle2,@ (an irregular ventricle between the third ventricle and the central canal of the spinal cord) }
{ third_ventricle, ventricle2,@ (a narrow ventricle in the midplane below the corpus callosum; communicates with the fourth ventricle via the Sylvian aqueduct) }
{ lateral_ventricle, ventricle2,@ (either of two horseshoe-shaped ventricles one in each cerebral hemisphere; they communicate with the third ventricle via the foramen of Monro) }
{ cerebral_aqueduct, Sylvian_aqueduct, aqueductus_cerebri, duct,@ (a canal connecting the third and fourth ventricles) }
{ [ radiation, verb.stative:radiate,+ ] neural_structure,@ (a radial arrangement of nerve fibers connecting different parts of the brain) }
{ spinal_cord, medulla_spinalis, neural_structure,@ funiculus,@ central_nervous_system,#p (a major part of the central nervous system which conducts sensory and motor nerve impulses to and from the brain; a long tubelike structure extending from the base of the brain through the vertebral canal to the upper lumbar region) }
{ spinal_fluid, cerebrospinal_fluid, liquid_body_substance,@ ventricle2,#p spinal_cord,#p (clear liquid produced in the ventricles of the brain; fills and protects cavities in the brain and spinal cord) }
{ peripheral_nervous_system, systema_nervosum_periphericum, system,@ nervous_system,#p (the section of the nervous system lying outside the brain and spinal cord) }
{ autonomic_nervous_system, ANS, neural_structure,@ nervous_system,#p (the part of the nervous system of vertebrates that controls involuntary actions of the smooth muscles and heart and glands) }
{ radial_nerve, nervus_radialis, musculospiral_nerve, nerve,@ (largest branch of the brachial plexus; extends down the humerus to the lateral epicondyle where it divides into one branch that goes to the skin on the back of the hand and another that goes to the underlying extensor muscles) }
{ sympathetic_nervous_system, nervous_system,@ autonomic_nervous_system,#p (originates in the thoracic regions of the spinal cord; opposes physiological effects of the parasympathetic: reduces digestive secretions; speeds the heart; contracts blood vessels) }
{ splanchnic_nerve, nerve,@ sympathetic_nervous_system,#p (any of several nerves of the sympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system that innervate viscera and blood vessels) }
{ parasympathetic_nervous_system, [ parasympathetic, adj.pert:parasympathetic,+ ] nervous_system,@ autonomic_nervous_system,#p (originates in the brain stem and lower part of the spinal cord; opposes physiological effects of the sympathetic nervous system: stimulates digestive secretions; slows the heart; constricts the pupils; dilates blood vessels) }
{ brachial_plexus, plexus_brachialis, nerve_plexus,@ (a network of nerves formed by cervical and thoracic spinal nerves and supplying the arm and parts of the shoulder) }
{ cardiac_plexus, plexus_cardiacus, nerve_plexus,@ (a plexus of nerves supplying the heart and nearby structures) }
{ carotid_plexus, plexus_caroticus, nerve_plexus,@ (a plexus of nerves surrounding the internal carotid artery) }
{ cervical_plexus, plexus_cervicalis, nerve_plexus,@ (a nerve plexus lying beneath the sternocleidomastoid muscle) }
{ choroid_plexus, plexus_choroideus, plexus,@ (a vascular plexus of the cerebral ventricles that regulate intraventricular pressure) }
{ coccygeal_plexus, plexus_coccygeus, nerve_plexus,@ (a small plexus formed by the fifth sacral and coccygeal nerves) }
{ hypogastric_plexus, plexus_hypogastricus, nerve_plexus,@ (a plexus of nerves serving the pelvic viscera) }
{ lumbar_plexus, plexus_lumbalis, nerve_plexus,@ (a plexus of nerves formed by the ventral branches of the first four lumbar nerves) }
{ lumbar_plexus1, plexus_lumbalis1, plexus,@ (a lymphatic plexus located along the lower portion of the aorta and iliac vessels) }
{ lumbosacral_plexus, nerve_plexus,@ (a nerve plexus formed by the ventral divisions of the coccygeal and sacral and lumbar nerves; supplies the lower limbs and perineum and coccygeal area) }
{ mesenteric_plexus, plexus_mesentericus, nerve_plexus,@ (a plexus of autonomic nerves) }
{ myenteric_plexus, plexus_myentericus, nerve_plexus,@ (a plexus of unmyelinated fibers and postganglionic autonomic cell bodies in the muscular coat of the esophagus and stomach and intestines) }
{ periarterial_plexus, plexus_periarterialis, nerve_plexus,@ (an autonomic plexus that accompanies an artery) }
{ plexus_dentalis, nerve_plexus,@ (a plexus of nerves serving the teeth) }
{ pterygoid_plexus, plexus,@ (a plexus of veins draining the region of the pterygoid muscles and draining into the internal maxillary and anterior facial veins) }
{ pulmonary_plexis, plexus_pulmonalis, nerve_plexus,@ (one of two autonomic nerve plexuses in each lung) }
{ sacral_plexus, plexus_sacralis, nerve_plexus,@ (a nerve plexus formed by the 4th and 5th lumbar and 1st, 2nd, 3rd sacral nerves; supplies the pelvic region and lower limbs) }
{ solar_plexus, coeliac_plexus, plexus_celiacus, abdominal_nerve_plexus, nerve_plexus,@ sympathetic_nervous_system,#p (a large plexus of sympathetic nerves in the abdomen behind the stomach) }
{ pit_of_the_stomach, epigastric_fossa, noun.shape:fossa,@ stomach,#p (a slight depression in the midline just below the sternum (where a blow can affect the solar plexus)) }
{ reproductive_system, genital_system, system,@ urogenital_system,#p (organs and tissues involved in the production and maturation of gametes and in their union and subsequent development as offspring) }
{ urogenital_system, urogenital_apparatus, urinary_system, urinary_apparatus, genitourinary_system, genitourinary_apparatus, systema_urogenitale, apparatus_urogenitalis, system,@ (the system that includes all organs involved in reproduction and in the formation and voidance of urine) }
{ respiratory_system, systema_respiratorium, system,@ body,#p (the system for taking in oxygen and giving off carbon dioxide; in terrestrial animals this is accomplished by breathing) }
{ respiratory_tract, airway, tract1,@ respiratory_system,#p (the passages through which air enters and leaves the body) }
{ lower_respiratory_tract, respiratory_tract,@ (the bronchi and lungs) }
{ upper_respiratory_tract, respiratory_tract,@ (the nose and throat and trachea) }
{ sensory_system, system,@ body,#p (the body's system of sense organs) }
{ tract1, system,@ (a system of body parts that together serve some particular purpose) }
{ urinary_tract, tract1,@ urogenital_system,#p (the organs and tubes involved in the production and excretion of urine) }
{ vascular_system, system,@ body,#p noun.plant:vascular_plant,#p (the vessels and tissue that carry or circulate fluids such as blood or lymph or sap through the body of an animal or plant) }
{ circulatory_system, cardiovascular_system, vascular_system,@ body,#p (the organs and tissues involved in circulating blood and lymph through the body) }
{ fetal_circulation, foetal_circulation, circulatory_system,@ (the system of blood vessels and structures through which blood moves in a fetus) }
{ [ bladder, adj.pert:bladdery,+ ] [ vesica, adj.pert:vesical,+ ] sac,@ (a distensible membranous sac (usually containing liquid or gas)) }
{ urinary_bladder, bladder,@ urinary_tract,#p urogenital_system,#p (a membranous sac for temporary retention of urine) }
{ introitus, orifice,@ (entrance or opening to a hollow organ or tube (especially the vaginal opening); "the introitus of the vagina") }
{ urethral_orifice, external_orifice, orifice,@ urethra,#p vagina,#p (the orifice through which urine is discharged) }
{ ureter, duct,@ urinary_tract,#p urogenital_system,#p (either of a pair of thick-walled tubes that carry urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder) }
{ [ urethra, adj.pert:urethral,+ ] duct,@ urinary_tract,#p urogenital_system,#p penis,#p vulva,#p (duct through which urine is discharged in most mammals and which serves as the male genital duct) }
{ reproductive_organ, sex_organ, organ,@ reproductive_system,#p (any organ involved in sexual reproduction) }
{ female_reproductive_system, reproductive_system,@ female_body,#p (the reproductive system of females) }
{ male_reproductive_system, reproductive_system,@ male_body,#p (the reproductive system of males) }
{ genitalia, genital_organ, genitals, private_parts, privates, crotch1, reproductive_organ,@ (external sex organ) }
{ [ pudendum, adj.pert:pudendal,+ ] genitalia,@ (human external genital organs collectively especially of a female) }
{ female_genitalia, female_genitals, female_genital_organ, fanny1, genitalia,@ female_body,#p female_reproductive_system,#p (external female sex organs; "in England `fanny' is vulgar slang for female genitals") }
{ female_internal_reproductive_organ, reproductive_organ,@ female_body,#p (the reproductive organs of a woman) }
{ male_genitalia, male_genitals, male_genital_organ, family_jewels, genitalia,@ male_body,#p male_reproductive_system,#p (external male sex organs) }
{ male_internal_reproductive_organ, reproductive_organ,@ male_body,#p (the reproductive organs of a man) }
{ [ ovary, adj.pert:ovarian,+ ] female_internal_reproductive_organ,@ gonad,@ female_reproductive_system,#p noun.animal:vertebrate,;c ((vertebrates) one of usually two organs that produce ova and secrete estrogen and progesterone) }
{ ovotestis, gonad,@ (hermaphroditic gonad that contains both testicular and ovarian tissue) }
{ sac, cavity,@ (a structure resembling a bag in an animal) }
{ target_organ, organ,@ noun.cognition:radiology,;c ((radiology) organ intended to receive the therapeutic dose of a radioactive substance) }
{ taret_organ1, organ,@ noun.cognition:endocrinology,;c ((endocrinology) organ most affected by a particular hormone) }
{ [ acinus, adj.pert:acinar1,+ adj.pert:acinic,+ adj.pert:acinous,+ ] sac,@ gland,#p (one of the small sacs or saclike dilations in a compound gland) }
{ [ bursa, adj.pert:bursal,+ ] sac,@ (a small fluid-filled sac located between movable parts of the body especially at joints) }
{ cisterna, cistern, sac,@ (a sac or cavity containing fluid especially lymph or cerebrospinal fluid) }
{ pouch, pocket, sac,@ noun.cognition:anatomy,;c ((anatomy) saclike structure in any of various animals (as a marsupial or gopher or pelican)) }
{ cheek_pouch, pouch,@ (a membranous pouch inside the mouth of many rodents (as a gopher)) }
{ marsupium, pouch,@ (an external abdominal pouch in most marsupials where newborn offspring are suckled) }
{ [ scrotum, adj.pert:scrotal,+ ] pouch,@ male_genitalia,#p (the external pouch that contains the testes) }
{ vesicle, [ cyst, adj.pert:cystic1,+ ] sac,@ (a small anatomically normal sac or bladderlike structure (especially one containing fluid)) }
{ [ blister, adj.all:unhealthy^blistery,+ verb.change:blister,+ ] bulla, [ bleb, adj.all:unhealthy^blebby,+ ] vesicle,@ noun.cognition:pathology,;c ((pathology) an elevation of the skin filled with serous fluid) }
{ [ follicle, adj.pert:follicular,+ ] vesicle,@ (any small spherical group of cells containing a cavity) }
{ hair_follicle, follicle,@ (a small tubular cavity containing the root of a hair; small muscles and sebaceous glands are associated with them) }
{ Graafian_follicle, follicle,@ ovary,#p (a vascular body in a mammalian ovary enclosing a developing egg) }
{ [ corpus_luteum, adj.pert:luteal,+ ] endocrine_gland,@ Graafian_follicle,#p (yellow endocrine tissue that forms in a ruptured Graafian follicle following the release of an ovum; it degenerates after a few days unless pregnancy has begun) }
{ Fallopian_tube, uterine_tube, oviduct, salpinx,@ female_internal_reproductive_organ,@ uterus,#p female_reproductive_system,#p (either of a pair of tubes conducting the egg from the ovary to the uterus) }
{ uterus, womb, female_internal_reproductive_organ,@ female_reproductive_system,#p (a hollow muscular organ in the pelvic cavity of females; contains the developing fetus) }
{ uterine_cavity, cavity,@ uterus,#p (the space inside the uterus between the cervical canal and the Fallopian tubes) }
{ cervical_canal, canalis_cervicis_uteri, duct,@ (a spindle-shaped canal extending from the uterus to the vagina) }
{ decidua, epithelium,@ endometrium,#s (the epithelial tissue of the endometrium) }
{ [ endometrium, adj.pert:endometrial,+ ] mucous_membrane,@ uterus,#p noun.state:pregnancy,;c ((pregnancy) the mucous membrane that lines the uterus; thickens under hormonal control and (if pregnancy does not occur) is shed in menstruation; if pregnancy occurs it is shed along with the placenta at parturition) }
{ myometrium, smooth_muscle,@ uterus,#p (the smooth muscle forming the wall of the uterus) }
{ liposome, vesicle,@ (an artificially made microscopic vesicle into which nucleic acids can be packaged; used in molecular biology as a transducing vector) }
{ umbilical_cord, umbilical, duct,@ funiculus,@ fetal_membrane,@ noun.animal:embryo,#p noun.animal:fetus,#p (membranous duct connecting the fetus with the placenta) }
{ [ placenta, adj.all:placental,+ ] vascular_structure,@ uterus,#p (the vascular structure in the uterus of most mammals providing oxygen and nutrients for and transferring wastes from the developing fetus) }
{ afterbirth, placenta,@ (the placenta and fetal membranes that are expelled from the uterus after the baby is born) }
{ [ vagina, adj.pert:vaginal,+ ] duct,@ female_genitalia,#p female_reproductive_system,#p (the lower part of the female reproductive tract; a moist canal in female mammals extending from the labia minora to the uterus; "the vagina receives the penis during coitus"; "the vagina is elastic enough to allow the passage of a fetus") }
{ cunt, puss, pussy, slit, snatch, twat, female_genitalia,@ (obscene terms for female genitals) }
{ [ vulva, adj.pert:vulval,+ ] female_genitalia,@ female_reproductive_system,#p (external parts of the female genitalia) }
{ [ hymen, adj.pert:hymenal,+ ] maidenhead, virginal_membrane, mucous_membrane,@ vagina,#p (a fold of tissue that partly covers the entrance to the vagina of a virgin) }
{ imperforate_hymen, hymen,@ (hymen that is completely closed so that menstrual blood cannot flow out) }
{ mons, mons_veneris, mons_pubis, adipose_tissue,@ vulva,#p pubes,#p (a mound of fatty tissue covering the pubic area in women) }
{ labium, external_body_part,@ vulva,#p (a liplike structure that bounds a bodily orifice (especially any of the four labiate folds of a woman's vulva)) }
{ labia_majora, labium,@ vulva,#p (the two outer folds of the vulva) }
{ pudendal_cleft, urogenital_cleft, rima_pudendi, rima_vulvae, pudendal_cleavage, pudendal_slit, vulvar_slit, rima,@ vulva,#p (the fissure between the labia majora) }
{ labia_minora, labium,@ vulva,#p (the two inner folds of the vulva) }
{ vestibule_of_the_vagina, vestibule,@ vulva,#p (the space between the labia minora containing the orifice of the urethra) }
{ erectile_organ, organ,@ (an organ containing erectile tissue) }
{ [ clitoris, adj.pert:clitoric,+ adj.pert:clitoral,+ ] clit, button1, erectile_organ,@ vulva,#p (a female sexual organ homologous to the penis) }
{ Cowper's_gland, bulbourethral_gland, exocrine_gland,@ male_reproductive_system,#p (either of two glands that discharge a component of seminal fluid into the urethra; homologous to Bartholin's gland in the female) }
{ Bartholin's_gland, vestibular_gland,@ female_reproductive_system,#p (either of the two posterior vestibular glands that secrete a lubricating mucus; homologous to Cowper's gland in the male) }
{ cervical_glands, cervical_glands_of_the_uterus, glandulae_cervicales_uteri, exocrine_gland,@ (mucus-secreting glands in the mucosa of the uterine cervix) }
{ seminiferous_tubule, tubule,@ testis,#p (any of the numerous long convoluted tubules in the testis which are the sites where spermatozoa mature) }
{ [ gonad, adj.pert:gonadal,+ ] sex_gland, endocrine_gland,@ (a gland in which gametes (sex cells) are produced) }
{ testis, [ testicle, adj.pert:testicular,+ ] orchis, ball1, ballock, bollock, nut, egg, male_reproductive_gland,@ gonad,@ male_reproductive_system,#p male_genitalia,#p (one of the two male reproductive glands that produce spermatozoa and secrete androgens; "she kicked him in the balls and got away") }
{ cobblers, testis,@ noun.location:Britain,;r (a man's testicles (from Cockney rhyming slang: cobbler's awl rhymes with ball)) }
{ male_reproductive_gland, reproductive_organ,@ male_genitalia,#p (the reproductive organs of a man) }
{ undescended_testis, undescended_testicle, testis,@ noun.state:cryptorchidy,#p (a testis that fails to move into the scrotum as the male fetus develops; "undescended testicles have an increased risk for cancer") }
{ epididymis, duct,@ seminal_duct,#p testis,#p (a convoluted tubule in each testis; carries sperm to vas deferens) }
{ rete_testis, plexus,@ testis,#p (network of tubules carrying sperm from the seminiferous tubules to the vasa efferentia) }
{ vasa_efferentia, tubule,@ epididymis,#p (the several highly convoluted tubules that lead from the rete testis to the vas deferens and form the head of the epididymis) }
{ vas_deferens, ductus_deferens, duct,@ seminal_duct,#p testis,#p male_reproductive_system,#p (a duct that carries spermatozoa from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct) }
{ [ penis, adj.pert:penial,+ ] [ phallus, adj.all:male^phallic,+ adj.pert:phallic,+ ] member1, erectile_organ,@ male_genitalia,#p male_reproductive_system,#p (the male sex organ (`member' is a euphemism)) }
{ cock, prick, dick, shaft1, pecker, tool, putz, penis,@ noun.communication:obscenity,;u (obscene terms for penis) }
{ micropenis, microphallus, penis,@ (an abnormally small penis) }
{ prepuce, foreskin, skin,@ penis,#p (a fold of skin covering the tip of the penis) }
{ prepuce1, foreskin1, skin,@ clitoris,#p (a fold of skin covering the tip of the clitoris) }
{ seminal_duct, duct,@ scrotum,#p (the efferent duct of the testis in man) }
{ ejaculatory_duct, duct,@ seminal_duct,#p (a part of the seminal duct formed by the duct from the seminal vesicle and the vas deferens; passes through the prostate gland) }
{ seminal_vesicle, exocrine_gland,@ male_reproductive_system,#p (either of a pair of glands located on either side of the male urinary bladder that open into the vas deferens and that secrete many components of semen during ejaculation) }
{ spermatic_cord, funiculus,@ testis,#p (a structure resembling a cord that suspends the testis within the scrotum and contains the vas deferens and other vessels and nerves) }
{ respiratory_organ, internal_organ,@ respiratory_system,#p (any organ involved in the process of respiration) }
{ book_lung, respiratory_organ,@ (organ in many arachnids containing many thin folds of membrane resembling the leaves of a book) }
{ alveolus, air_sac3, air_cell, sac,@ lung,#p (a tiny sac for holding air in the lungs; formed by the terminal dilation of tiny air passageways) }
{ nasal_cavity, cavity,@ nose,#p upper_respiratory_tract,#p (either of the two cavities lying between the floor of the cranium and the roof of the mouth and extending from the face to the pharynx) }
{ [ nasopharynx, adj.pert:nasopharyngeal,+ ] cavity,@ pharynx,#p (cavity forming the upper part of the pharynx) }
{ [ oropharynx, adj.pert:oropharyngeal,+ ] cavity,@ pharynx,#p (cavity formed by the pharynx at the back of the mouth) }
{ [ laryngopharynx, adj.pert:laryngopharyngeal,+ ] cavity,@ pharynx,#p (the lower part of the pharynx) }
{ pharyngeal_tonsil, [ adenoid, adj.pert:adenoid,+ adj.pert:adenoidal,+ ] Luschka's_tonsil, third_tonsil, tonsilla_pharyngealis, tonsilla_adenoidea, lymphatic_tissue,@ pharynx,#p (a collection of lymphatic tissue in the throat behind the uvula (on the posterior wall and roof of the nasopharynx); "hypertrophy of the pharyngeal tonsils is called adenoids"; "enlarged adenoids may restrict the breathing of children") }
{ [ larynx, adj.pert:laryngeal,+ ] voice_box, cartilaginous_structure,@ speech_organ,@ upper_respiratory_tract,#p (a cartilaginous structure at the top of the trachea; contains elastic vocal cords that are the source of the vocal tone in speech) }
{ arytenoid, arytaenoid, arytenoid_cartilage, cartilage,@ larynx,#p (either of two small cartilages at the back of the larynx to which the vocal folds are attached) }
{ thyroid_cartilage, Adam's_apple, cartilage,@ larynx,#p (the largest cartilage of the larynx) }
{ vocal_cord, vocal_fold, vocal_band, plica_vocalis, fold,@ larynx,#p (either of two pairs of folds of mucous membrane projecting into the larynx) }
{ false_vocal_cord, false_vocal_fold, superior_vocal_cord, ventricular_fold, vestibular_fold, vocal_cord,@ (either of the upper two vocal cords that are not involved in vocalization) }
{ true_vocal_cord, true_vocal_fold, inferior_vocal_cord, inferior_vocal_fold, vocal_cord,@ (either of the two lower vocal folds that come together to form the glottis; produce a vocal tone when they are approximated and air from the lungs passes between them) }
{ cartilaginous_structure, structure,@ (body structure given shape by cartilage) }
{ cartilaginous_tube, duct,@ (a duct with cartilaginous walls) }
{ [ bronchus, adj.pert:bronchial,+ ] bronchial_tube, cartilaginous_tube,@ lower_respiratory_tract,#p (either of the two main branches of the trachea) }
{ [ bronchiole, adj.pert:bronchiolar,+ ] duct,@ lower_respiratory_tract,#p (any of the smallest bronchial ducts; ending in alveoli) }
{ [ trachea1, adj.pert:tracheal,+ ] windpipe, cartilaginous_tube,@ upper_respiratory_tract,#p neck,#p (membranous tube with cartilaginous rings that conveys inhaled air from the larynx to the bronchi) }
{ [ trachea2, adj.pert:tracheal,+ ] tubule,@ respiratory_system,#p (one of the tubules forming the respiratory system of most insects and many arachnids) }
{ alimentary_canal, alimentary_tract, digestive_tube, digestive_tract, gastrointestinal_tract, GI_tract, canal,@ digestive_system,#p (tubular passage of mucous membrane and muscle extending about 8.3 meters from mouth to anus; functions in digestion and elimination) }
{ [ enteron, adj.pert:enteric,+ adj.pert:enteral,+ ] alimentary_canal,@ (the alimentary canal (especially of an embryo or a coelenterate)) }
{ digestive_gland, exocrine_gland,@ digestive_system,#p (any gland having ducts that pour secretions into the digestive tract) }
{ salivary_gland, exocrine_gland,@ mouth1,#p digestive_system,#p (any of three pairs of glands in the mouth and digestive system that secrete saliva for digestion) }
{ parotid_gland, salivary_gland,@ (a large salivary gland that produces 50% of daytime saliva; in human beings it is located in front of and below each ear) }
{ sublingual_gland, sublingual_salivary_gland, salivary_gland,@ (a small salivary gland that produces mucin (the viscous component of saliva); in human beings it is located on either side of the mouth under the tongue) }
{ submaxillary_gland, submaxillary_salivary_gland, submandibular_gland, submandibular_salivary_gland, mandibular_gland, salivary_gland,@ (a salivary gland inside the lower jaw on either side that produces most of the nocturnal saliva; discharges saliva into the mouth under the tongue) }
{ [ esophagus, adj.pert:esophageal,+ ] oesophagus, gorge, gullet, passage,@ muscular_structure,@ alimentary_canal,#p (the passage between the pharynx and the stomach) }
{ epicardia, passage,@ esophagus,#p (the short part of the esophagus extending downward from the diaphragm to the stomach) }
{ [ intestine, adj.pert:intestinal,+ ] bowel, [ gut, verb.contact:gut,+ ] internal_organ,@ abdomen,#p (the part of the alimentary canal between the stomach and the anus) }
{ hindgut, internal_organ,@ intestine,#p (the caudal part of the alimentary canal in vertebrate embryos) }
{ small_intestine, intestine,@ alimentary_canal,#p (the longest part of the alimentary canal; where digestion is completed) }
{ [ duodenum, adj.pert:duodenal,+ ] small_intestine,@ (the part of the small intestine between the stomach and the jejunum) }
{ [ pylorus, adj.pert:pyloric,+ ] orifice,@ (a small circular opening between the stomach and the duodenum) }
{ jejunum, small_intestine,@ (the part of the small intestine between the duodenum and the ileum) }
{ ileum, small_intestine,@ (the part of the small intestine between the jejunum and the cecum) }
{ large_intestine, intestine,@ alimentary_canal,#p (beginning with the cecum and ending with the rectum; includes the cecum and the colon and the rectum; extracts moisture from food residues which are later excreted as feces) }
{ [ colon, adj.pert:colonic,+ ] large_intestine,@ (the part of the large intestine between the cecum and the rectum; it extracts moisture from food residues before they are excreted) }
{ megacolon, colon,@ (an abnormal enlargement of the colon; can be congenital (as in Hirschsprung's disease) or acquired (as when children refuse to defecate)) }
{ [ cecum, adj.pert:cecal,+ ] [ caecum, adj.pert:caecal,+ ] blind_gut, cavity,@ large_intestine,#p (the cavity in which the large intestine begins and into which the ileum opens; "the appendix is an offshoot of the cecum") }
{ ileocecal_valve, valve,@ (valve between the ileum of the small intestine and the cecum of the large intestine; prevents material from flowing back from the large to the small intestine) }
{ transverse_colon, large_intestine,#p colon,@ (the part of the large intestine that extends across the abdominal cavity and joins the ascending to the descending colon) }
{ ascending_colon, large_intestine,#p colon,@ (the part of the large intestine that ascends from the cecum to the transverse colon) }
{ descending_colon, large_intestine,#p colon,@ (the part of the large intestine that descends from the transverse colon to the sigmoid colon) }
{ sigmoid_colon, sigmoid_flexure, large_intestine,#p colon,@ (the s-shaped curve between the descending colon and the rectum) }
{ appendix, vermiform_appendix, vermiform_process, cecal_appendage, process,@ cecum,#p (a vestigial process that extends from the lower end of the cecum and that resembles a small pouch) }
{ [ rectum, adj.pert:rectal,+ ] body_part,@ large_intestine,#p (the terminal section of the alimentary canal; from the sigmoid flexure to the anus) }
{ [ anus, adj.pert:anal,+ ] orifice,@ rectum,#p (the excretory opening at the end of the alimentary canal) }
{ arse, arsehole, asshole, bunghole, anus,@ noun.communication:slang,;u (vulgar slang for anus) }
{ imperforate_anus, anus,@ (a congenital defect of the anus; there is partial or complete obstruction of the anal opening) }
{ [ perineum, adj.pert:perineal,+ ] area,@ (the general region between the anus and the genital organs) }
{ head, caput, external_body_part,@ body,#p noun.Tops:animal,#p (the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains; "he stuck his head out the window") }
{ poll2, noun.location:top,@ noun.animal:horse,#p noun.animal:cow1,#p (the part of the head between the ears) }
{ human_head, head,@ noun.animal:human_being,#p (the head of a human being) }
{ bullethead, human_head,@ (a head shaped like a bullet) }
{ attic, [ bean, verb.contact:bean,+ ] bonce, noodle, noggin, dome, human_head,@ (informal terms for a human head) }
{ pate, poll1, crown1, noun.location:top,@ human_head,#p (the top of the head) }
{ [ tonsure, verb.body:tonsure,+ ] crown1,@ (the shaved crown of a monk's or priest's head) }
{ epicranium, body_covering,@ (the muscle and aponeurosis and skin covering the cranium) }
{ [ scalp, verb.change:scalp,+ ] skin,@ human_head,#p (the skin that covers the top of the head; "they wanted to take his scalp as a trophy") }
{ skull, bone,@ head,#p axial_skeleton,#p (the bony skeleton of the head of vertebrates) }
{ calvaria, skullcap, bone,@ cranium,#p (the dome of the skull) }
{ [ cranium, adj.pert:cranial,+ ] braincase, brainpan, bone,@ skull,#p (the part of the skull that encloses the brain) }
{ [ occiput, adj.pert:occipital,+ ] bone,@ human_head,#p (back part of the head or skull) }
{ sinciput, bone,@ human_head,#p (the front part of the head or skull (including the forehead)) }
{ frontal_bone, os_frontale, forehead1, membrane_bone,@ cranium,#p (the large cranial bone forming the front part of the cranium: includes the upper part of the orbits) }
{ frontal_eminence, noun.shape:bulge,@ frontal_bone,#p (either prominence of the frontal bone above each orbit) }
{ parietal_bone, membrane_bone,@ cranium,#p (either of two skull bones between the frontal and occipital bones and forming the top and sides of the cranium) }
{ occipital_bone, membrane_bone,@ cranium,#p (a saucer-shaped membrane bone that forms the back of the skull) }
{ occipital_protuberance, noun.shape:bulge,@ occipital_bone,#p (prominence on the outer surface of the occipital bone) }
{ [ mastoid, adj.pert:mastoid1,+ ] mastoid_process, mastoid_bone, mastoidal, process,@ temporal_bone,#p (process of the temporal bone behind the ear at the base of the skull) }
{ styloid_process, process,@ temporal_bone,#p (extends from the base of the temporal bone) }
{ pterygoid_process, process,@ sphenoid_bone,#p (two bony processes descending from the body of the sphenoid bone) }
{ [ tuberosity, adj.pert:tuberous,+ ] [ tubercle2, adj.pert:tubercular1,+ ] eminence, process,@ (a protuberance on a bone especially for attachment of a muscle or ligament) }
{ suture, sutura, fibrous_joint, joint,@ (an immovable joint (especially between the bones of the skull)) }
{ synovial_joint, articulatio_synovialis, diarthrosis, joint,@ (a joint so articulated as to move freely) }
{ anterior_fontanelle, fontanelle,@ (corresponds to the bregma when bones have ossified) }
{ sphenoid_fontanelle, sphenoid_fontanel, sphenoidal_fontanelle, sphenoidal_fontanel, fontanelle,@ (the irregularly shaped area on either side of the cranium where the frontal bone and the anterior tip of the parietal bone and the temporal bone and the greater wing of the sphenoid bone meet; corresponds to the pterion when bones have ossified) }
{ coronal_suture, sutura_coronalis, suture,@ cranium,#p (the suture between the parietal and frontal bones of the skull) }
{ frontal_suture, sutura_frontalis, suture,@ cranium,#p (the suture between two halves of the frontal bone (usually obliterated by the age of 6)) }
{ intermaxillary_suture, sutura_intermaxillaris, suture,@ upper_jaw,#p (the suture between the two maxillae of the upper jawbone) }
{ internasal_suture, sutura_internasalis, suture,@ nose,#p (the suture between the two nasal bones) }
{ lamboid_suture, sutura_lamboidea, suture,@ cranium,#p (the suture between the occipital and parietal bones) }
{ occipitomastoid_suture, suture,@ cranium,#p (the suture between the occipital and the temporal bones; a continuation of the lamboid suture) }
{ parietomastoid_suture, suture,@ cranium,#p (the suture between the parietal and the temporal bones) }
{ sagittal_suture, interparietal_suture, sutura_sagittalis, suture,@ cranium,#p (the suture uniting the two parietal bones) }
{ fontanelle, fontanel, soft_spot, opening,@ cranium,#p child's_body,#p (any membranous gap between the bones of the cranium in an infant or fetus) }
{ foramen, hiatus, noun.object:opening,@ (a natural opening or perforation through a bone or a membranous structure) }
{ interventricular_foramen, foramen_of_Monro, Monro's_foramen, foramen,@ (the small opening (on both the right and left sides) that connects the third ventricle in the diencephalon with the lateral ventricle in the cerebral hemisphere) }
{ foramen_magnum, foramen,@ cranium,#p (the large opening at the base of the cranium through which the spinal cord passes) }
{ [ jaw, verb.consumption:jaw,+ ] bone,@ skull,#p (the part of the skull of a vertebrate that frames the mouth and holds the teeth) }
{ chop, jaw,@ (a jaw; "I'll hit him on the chops") }
{ zygomatic_process, process,@ cheekbone,#p (a slender process of the temporal bone that strengthens the zygomatic arch) }
{ neck, [ cervix1, adj.pert:cervical,+ ] external_body_part,@ body,#p (the part of an organism (human or animal) that connects the head to the rest of the body; "he admired her long graceful neck"; "the horse won by a neck") }
{ frill, ruff, external_body_part,@ (an external body part consisting of feathers or hair about the neck of a bird or other animal) }
{ frill1, plate,@ noun.cognition:paleontology,;c ((paleontology) a bony plate that curves upward behind the skull of many ceratopsian dinosaurs) }
{ bull_neck, neck,@ (a thick short powerful neck) }
{ nape, scruff, nucha, noun.location:rear,@ neck,#p (the back side of the neck) }
{ [ throat, adj.all:low3^throaty,+ ] [ pharynx, adj.pert:pharyngeal,+ ] tubular_cavity,@ neck,#p alimentary_tract,#p upper_respiratory_tract,#p (the passage to the stomach and lungs; in the front part of the neck below the chin and above the collarbone) }
{ [ fauces, adj.pert:faucal,+ ] passage,@ (the passage between the back of the mouth and the pharynx) }
{ [ fistula, adj.all:hollow^fistular,+ adj.pert:fistulous,+ ] sinus3, passage,@ (an abnormal passage leading from a suppurating cavity to the body surface) }
{ bypass, shunt,@ (a surgically created shunt (usually around a damaged part)) }
{ portacaval_shunt, shunt,@ (shunt that is created surgically between the portal vein and the inferior vena cava so that blood from the abdominal organs can bypass the liver) }
{ shunt, passage,@ (a passage by which a bodily fluid (especially blood) is diverted from one channel to another; "an arteriovenus shunt") }
{ tubular_cavity, cavity,@ (a cavity having the shape of a tube) }
{ [ shoulder, verb.contact:shoulder1,+ verb.contact:shoulder,+ verb.contact:shoulder2,+ ] body_part,@ torso,#p (the part of the body between the neck and the upper arm) }
{ [ shoulder2, verb.contact:shoulder2,+ ] shoulder_joint, articulatio_humeri, ball-and-socket_joint,@ torso,#p (a ball-and-socket joint between the head of the humerus and a cavity of the scapula) }
{ deltoid, deltoid_muscle, musculus_deltoideus, skeletal_muscle,@ rotator_cuff,#p (a large triangular muscle covering the shoulder joint and serving to abduct and flex and extend and rotate the arm) }
{ armpit, [ axilla, adj.pert:axillary1,+ ] axillary_cavity, axillary_fossa, cavity,@ shoulder,#p (the hollow under the arm where it is joined to the shoulder; "they were up to their armpits in water") }
{ torso, trunk, body1, body_part,@ body,#p (the body excluding the head and neck and limbs; "they moved their arms and legs and bodies") }
{ serratus, serratus_muscles, skeletal_muscle,@ torso,#p (any of several muscles of the trunk) }
{ anterior_serratus_muscle, serratus_anterior, musculus_serratus_anterior, serratus_magnus, serratus,@ (muscles that rotate the scapula and elevate the rib cage) }
{ posterior_serratus_muscle, serratus_posterior, musculus_serratus_posterior, serratus,@ (skeletal muscle that draws the rib cage backward and downward) }
{ serratus_posterior_inferior, serratus_posterior,@ (a thin quadrilateral muscle at the junction of the thoracic and lumbar regions; acts to counteract the pull of the diaphragm on the ribs to which it is attached) }
{ serratus_posterior_superior, serratus_posterior,@ (a thin quadrilateral muscle of the upper and dorsal part of the thorax; acts to elevate the upper ribs) }
{ side, area,@ torso,#p noun.animal:human,;c noun.Tops:animal,;c (either the left or right half of a body; "he had a pain in his side") }
{ female_chest, [ bust, adj.all:shapely^busty,+ ] chest,@ female_body,#p (the chest of a woman) }
{ male_chest, chest,@ male_body,#p (the chest of a man) }
{ [ pectoral, adj.pert:pectoral,+ ] pectoral_muscle, pectoralis, musculus_pectoralis, pecs, skeletal_muscle,@ chest,#p (either of two large muscles of the chest) }
{ pectoralis_major, musculus_pectoralis_major, greater_pectoral_muscle, pectoral_muscle,@ (a skeletal muscle that adducts and rotates the arm) }
{ pectoralis_minor, musculus_pectoralis_minor, smaller_pectoral_muscle, pectoral_muscle,@ (a skeletal muscle that draws down the scapula or raises the ribs) }
{ [ intercostal, adj.pert:intercostal,+ ] intercostal_muscle, musculus_intercostalis, skeletal_muscle,@ (muscles between the ribs; they contract during inspiration) }
{ [ depressor, verb.contact:depress12,+ ] depressor_muscle, skeletal_muscle,@ (any skeletal muscle that draws a body part down) }
{ thorax1, [ chest, adj.all:robust^chesty,+ ] pectus, body_part,@ torso,#p noun.animal:vertebrate,#p (the part of the human torso between the neck and the diaphragm or the corresponding part in other vertebrates) }
{ chest_cavity, thoracic_cavity, cavity,@ chest,#p (the cavity in the vertebrate body enclosed by the ribs between the diaphragm and the neck and containing the lungs and heart) }
{ [ breast1, verb.stative:breast,+ ] chest1, external_body_part,@ chest,#p (the front of the trunk from the neck to the abdomen; "he beat his breast in anger") }
{ [ bosom1, adj.all:shapely^bosomy,+ verb.perception:bosom,+ verb.contact:bosom,+ ] breast1,@ (a person's breast or chest) }
{ thorax2, body_part,@ noun.animal:arthropod,#p (the middle region of the body of an arthropod between the head and the abdomen) }
{ rib_cage, skeletal_structure,@ chest,#p axial_skeleton,#p (the bony enclosing wall of the chest) }
{ cleavage, area,@ (the line formed by a groove between two parts (especially the separation between a woman's breasts)) }
{ lactiferous_duct, duct,@ breast,#p (ducts of the mammary gland that carry milk to the nipple) }
{ mammary_gland, [ mamma, adj.pert:mammary,+ ] exocrine_gland,@ noun.animal:female_mammal,#p (milk-secreting organ of female mammals) }
{ breast, [ bosom, adj.all:shapely^bosomy,+ ] knocker, boob, tit1, titty, mamma,@ adult_female_body,#p (either of two soft fleshy milk-secreting glandular organs on the chest of a woman) }
{ nipple, mammilla, mamilla, pap, teat, tit2, sex_organ,@ mamma,#p (the small projection of a mammary gland) }
{ [ areola1, adj.pert:areolar,+ ] ring_of_color, area,@ breast,#p (small circular area such as that around the human nipple or an inflamed area around a pimple or insect bite) }
{ areola2, interstice,@ (small space in a tissue or body part such as the area between veins on a leaf or an insect's wing) }
{ nabothian_gland, exocrine_gland,@ (one of many small glands of the uterine cervix that secrete mucus) }
{ vestibular_gland, exocrine_gland,@ (a gland that opens into the vestibule of the vagina; secretions lubricate the vagina during coitus) }
{ middle, midriff1, midsection, area,@ torso,#p (the middle area of the human torso (usually in front); "young American women believe that a bare midriff is fashionable") }
{ waist, waistline, area,@ torso,#p (the narrowing of the body between the ribs and hips) }
{ wasp_waist, waist,@ (a very slender waist) }
{ [ belly2, verb.change:belly,+ ] [ paunch, adj.all:fat1^paunchy,+ ] adipose_tissue,@ torso,#p (a protruding abdomen) }
{ pot, potbelly, bay_window, corporation, tummy1, paunch,@ noun.communication:slang,;u (slang for a paunch) }
{ spare_tire, love_handle, adipose_tissue,@ torso,#p (excess fat around the waistline) }
{ hip, body_part,@ torso,#p (either side of the body below the waist and above the thigh) }
{ haunch1, body_part,@ torso,#p (the hip and buttock and upper thigh in human beings) }
{ navel, [ umbilicus, adj.pert:umbilical,+ ] bellybutton, belly_button, omphalos, omphalus, noun.location:point,@ abdomen,#p (a scar where the umbilical cord was attached; "you were not supposed to show your navel on television"; "they argued whether or not Adam had a navel"; "she had a tattoo just above her bellybutton") }
{ [ abdomen, adj.pert:abdominal,+ ] [ venter, adj.all:ventral,+ ] [ stomach1, adj.pert:stomachal,+ ] belly, body_part,@ torso,#p (the region of the body of a vertebrate between the thorax and the pelvis) }
{ abdominal, abdominal_muscle, ab1, skeletal_muscle,@ abdomen,#p (the muscles of the abdomen) }
{ [ dorsum, adj.all:dorsal,+ ] body_part,@ (the back of the body of a vertebrate or any analogous surface (as the upper or outer surface of an organ or appendage or part); "the dorsum of the foot") }
{ underbelly, underbody, belly,@ (the soft belly or underside of an animal's body) }
{ external_oblique_muscle, musculus_obliquus_externus_abdominis, abdominal_external_oblique_muscle, [ oblique, adj.all:oblique,+ ] abdominal,@ (a diagonally arranged abdominal muscle on either side of the torso) }
{ transversus_abdominis_muscle, transverse_muscle_of_abdomen, musculus_transversalis_abdominis, transversus_abdominis, abdominal,@ (a flat muscle with transverse fibers that forms the anterior and lateral walls of the abdominal cavity) }
{ abdominal_cavity, [ abdomen1, adj.pert:abdominal,+ ] cavity,@ abdomen,#p (the cavity containing the major viscera; in mammals it is separated from the thorax by the diaphragm) }
{ pubes, pubic_region, loins, area,@ (the lower part of the abdomen just above the external genital organs) }
{ back, [ dorsum1, adj.all:dorsal,+ ] body_part,@ torso,#p (the posterior part of a human (or animal) body from the neck to the end of the spine; "his back was nicely tanned") }
{ small, body_part,@ back,#p (the slender part of the back) }
{ latissimus_dorsi, lat, skeletal_muscle,@ back,#p (a broad flat muscle on either side of the back) }
{ buttocks, nates, arse1, butt, backside, bum, buns, can, fundament, hindquarters, hind_end, keister, [ posterior, adj.all:posterior,+ ] prat, rear, rear_end, rump, stern, seat, tail1, tail_end, tooshie, tush, bottom, behind, derriere, fanny, ass, body_part,@ torso,#p (the fleshy part of the human body that you sit on; "he deserves a good kick in the butt"; "are you going to sit on your fanny and do nothing?") }
{ buttock, cheek1, body_part,@ torso,#p (either of the two large fleshy masses of muscular tissue that form the human rump) }
{ extremity, appendage, member, external_body_part,@ (an external body part that projects from the body; "it is important to keep the extremities warm") }
{ limb, extremity,@ appendicular_skeleton,#p (one of the jointed appendages of an animal used for locomotion or grasping: arm; leg; wing; flipper) }
{ stump, body_part,@ limb,#p tooth,#p (the part of a limb or tooth that remains after the rest is removed) }
{ [ leg1, adj.all:tall^leggy1,+ ] limb,@ body,#p (a human limb; commonly used to refer to a whole limb but technically only the part of the limb between the knee and ankle) }
{ [ crus, adj.pert:crural,+ ] limb,@ leg1,#p (the leg from the knee to foot) }
{ [ leg2, adj.all:tall^leggy1,+ ] limb,@ (a structure in animals that is similar to a human leg and used for locomotion) }
{ pin, peg, stick, leg1,@ (informal terms for the leg; "fever left him weak on his sticks") }
{ bowleg, bow_leg, bandyleg, bandy_leg, genu_varum, tibia_vara, leg1,@ noun.state:disability,@ (a leg bowed outward at the knee (or below the knee)) }
{ shank's_mare, shanks'_mare, shank's_pony, shanks'_pony, leg1,@ (you own legs; "I traveled on shank's mare") }
{ spindlelegs, spindleshanks, leg1,@ (long thin legs) }
{ thigh, limb,@ leg1,#p (the part of the leg between the hip and the knee) }
{ lap, thigh,@ (the upper side of the thighs of a seated person; "he picked up the little girl and plopped her down in his lap") }
{ shank, body_part,@ leg1,#p (the part of the human leg between the knee and the ankle) }
{ shin1, body_part,@ leg1,#p (the front part of the human leg between the knee and the ankle) }
{ vertebrate_foot, pedal_extremity, extremity1,@ leg2,#p noun.animal:vertebrate,#p (the extremity of the limb in vertebrates) }
{ [ foot1, verb.motion:foot,+ ] human_foot, pes, vertebrate_foot,@ leg1,#p noun.animal:human_being,#p (the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint; "his bare feet projected from his trousers"; "armored from head to foot") }
{ [ arm, noun.artifact:armlet,+ ] limb,@ body,#p noun.animal:human_being,#p (a human limb; technically the part of the superior limb between the shoulder and the elbow but commonly used to refer to the whole superior limb) }
{ cubitus1, limb,@ (the arm from the elbow to the fingertips) }
{ forearm, limb,@ arm,#p (the part of the superior limb between the elbow and the wrist) }
{ [ hand, verb.possession:hand,+ ] manus, mitt, [ paw1, verb.contact:paw,+ ] extremity1,@ arm,#p noun.animal:human_being,#p (the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb; "he had the hands of a surgeon"; "he extended his mitt") }
{ fist, clenched_fist, hand,@ (a hand with the fingers clenched in the palm (as for hitting)) }
{ hooks, meat_hooks, maulers, hand,@ (large strong hand (as of a fighter); "wait till I get my hooks on him") }
{ right, right_hand, hand,@ (the hand that is on the right side of the body; "he writes with his right hand but pitches with his left"; "hit him with quick rights to the body") }
{ left, [ left_hand, noun.person:lefthander,+ ] hand,@ (the hand that is on the left side of the body; "jab with your left") }
{ [ palm, adj.pert:palmar,+ verb.contact:palm,+ ] [ thenar, adj.pert:thenar,+ adj.pert:thenal,+ ] area,@ hand,#p (the inner surface of the hand from the wrist to the base of the fingers) }
{ [ thenar1, adj.pert:thenar,+ adj.pert:thenal,+ ] area,@ palm,#p (the fleshy area of the palm at the base of the thumb) }
{ [ digit, adj.pert:digital,+ ] dactyl, extremity,@ noun.animal:vertebrate,#p (a finger or toe in human beings or corresponding body part in other vertebrates) }
{ minimus, digit,@ (the fifth digit; the little finger or little toe) }
{ [ finger, verb.contact:finger5,+ verb.contact:finger,+ verb.communication:finger,+ ] digit,@ hand,#p extremity1,@ (any of the terminal members of the hand (sometimes excepting the thumb); "her fingers were long and thin") }
{ extremity1, external_body_part,@ limb,#p (that part of a limb that is farthest from the torso) }
{ fingertip, noun.location:tip,@ finger,#p (the end (tip) of a finger) }
{ [ thumb, verb.contact:thumb,+ ] pollex, finger,@ (the thick short innermost digit of the forelimb) }
{ index, index_finger, forefinger, finger,@ (the finger next to the thumb) }
{ ring_finger, annualry, finger,@ (the third finger (especially of the left hand)) }
{ middle_finger, finger,@ (the second finger; between the index finger and the ring finger) }
{ little_finger, pinkie, pinky, finger,@ minimus,@ (the finger farthest from the thumb) }
{ sciatic_nerve, nervus_ischiadicus, nerve,@ leg1,#p (arises from the sacral plexus and passes about halfway down the thigh where it divides into the common peroneal and tibial nerves) }
{ femoral_nerve, nervus_femoralis, anterior_crural_nerve, spinal_nerve,@ thigh,#p (one of a pair of nerves that originate from lumbar nerves and supply the muscles and skin of the anterior part of the thigh) }
{ saphenous_nerve, nervus_saphenus, nerve,@ leg1,#p (a branch of the femoral nerve that supplies cutaneous branches to the inner aspect of the leg and foot) }
{ phrenic_nerve, nervus_phrenicus, spinal_nerve,@ (one of a pair of nerves that arises from cervical spinal roots and passes down the thorax to innervate the diaphragm and control breathing) }
{ ulnar_nerve, cubital_nerve, nervus_ulnaris, nerve,@ arm,#p (a nerve running along the inner side of the arm and passing near the elbow; supplies intrinsic muscles of the hand and the skin of the medial side of the hand) }
{ spinal_nerve, nervus_spinalis, nerve,@ (any of the 31 pairs of nerves emerging from each side of the spinal cord (each attached to the cord by two roots: ventral and dorsal)) }
{ cervical_nerve, spinal_nerve,@ (any of eight pairs of spinal nerves emerging from the cervical section of the spinal cord) }
{ coccygeal_nerve, nervus_coccygeus, spinal_nerve,@ (the lowest pair of spinal nerves) }
{ lumbar_nerve, spinal_nerve,@ (any of five pairs of spinal nerves emerging from the lumbar section of the spinal cord) }
{ sacral_nerve, spinal_nerve,@ (any of five pairs of spinal nerves emerging from the sacral region of the spinal cord) }
{ thoracic_nerve, spinal_nerve,@ (any of twelve pairs of spinal nerves emerging from the thoracic region of the spinal cord) }
{ [ gluteus, adj.pert:gluteal,+ ] gluteus_muscle, gluteal_muscle, glute, skeletal_muscle,@ buttock,#p (any one of three large skeletal muscles that form the buttock and move the thigh) }
{ gluteus_maximus, gluteus,@ (the outermost of the three gluteal muscles) }
{ gluteus_medius, gluteus,@ (the middle of the three gluteal muscles) }
{ gluteus_minimus, gluteus,@ (the innermost of the three gluteal muscles) }
{ [ hamstring, verb.body:hamstring,+ ] hamstring_tendon, tendon,@ (one of the tendons at the back of the knee) }
{ sphincter, anatomical_sphincter, sphincter_muscle, muscle,@ (a ring of muscle that contracts to close an opening) }
{ cardiac_sphincter, physiological_sphincter,@ esophagus,#p (the valve between the distal end of the esophagus and the stomach; the physiological sphincter at the esophagogastric junction) }
{ esophagogastric_junction, oesophagogastric_junction, noun.shape:articulation,@ (the junction between the esophagus and the stomach epithelium) }
{ physiological_sphincter, sphincter,@ (a sphincter that is not recognizable at autopsy because its resting arrangement cannot be distinguished from adjacent tissue) }
{ anal_sphincter, sphincter_ani, musculus_sphincter_ani, sphincter,@ anus,#p (the sphincter muscle of the anus) }
{ musculus_sphincter_ani_externus, skeletal_muscle,@ anal_sphincter,#p (an external ring of striated muscle surrounding the anus) }
{ musculus_sphincter_ani_internus, smooth_muscle,@ anal_sphincter,#p (an internal ring of smooth muscle formed by circular fibers of the rectum) }
{ urethral_sphincter, musculus_sphincter_urethrae, sphincter,@ urethra,#p (a striated sphincter muscle that constricts the urethra) }
{ bladder_sphincter, musculus_sphincter_vesicae, sphincter,@ urinary_bladder,#p (the sphincter muscle of the urinary bladder; made up of a thickened muscular layer of bladder around the urethral opening) }
{ musculus_sphincter_ductus_choledochi, sphincter,@ bile_duct,#p (the smooth muscle sphincter of the common bile duct) }
{ musculus_sphincter_ductus_pancreatici, sphincter,@ pancreatic_duct,#p (the smooth muscle sphincter of the main pancreatic duct) }
{ pupillary_sphincter, musculus_sphincter_pupillae, sphincter,@ eye,#p (a ring of smooth muscle surrounding the iris) }
{ pyloric_sphincter, pyloric_valve, musculus_sphincter_pylori, sphincter,@ pylorus,#p (the sphincter muscle of the pylorus that separates the stomach from the duodenum) }
{ [ tensor, verb.body:tense1,+ ] muscle,@ (any of several muscles that cause an attached structure to become tense or firm) }
{ tensor_tympani, tensor,@ (a small muscle in the middle ear that tenses to protect the eardrum) }
{ knee, knee_joint, human_knee, articulatio_genus, genu, hinge_joint,@ leg1,#p (hinge joint in the human leg connecting the tibia and fibula with the femur and protected in front by the patella) }
{ [ femur, adj.pert:femoral,+ ] thighbone, femoris, leg_bone,@ thigh,#p (the longest and thickest bone of the human skeleton; extends from the pelvis to the knee) }
{ trochanter, process,@ femur,#p (one of the bony prominences developed near the upper extremity of the femur to which muscles are attached) }
{ calf, sura, skeletal_muscle,@ shank,#p (the muscular back part of the shank) }
{ mid-calf, calf,@ (the middle of the calf; half way between the knee and ankle) }
{ gastrocnemius, gastrocnemius_muscle, skeletal_muscle,@ calf,#p (the muscle in the back part of the leg that forms the greater part of the calf; responsible for the plantar flexion of the foot) }
{ psoas, skeletal_muscle,@ (either of two muscles of the abdomen and pelvis that flex the trunk and rotate the thigh) }
{ rhomboid, rhomboid_muscle, skeletal_muscle,@ (any of several muscles of the upper back that help move the shoulder blade) }
{ rhomboideus_major_muscle, greater_rhomboid_muscle, musculus_rhomboideus_major, rhomboid,@ (rhomboid muscle that draws the scapula toward the spinal column) }
{ rhomboid_minor_muscle, lesser_rhomboid_muscle, musculus_rhomboideus_minor, rhomboid,@ (rhomboid muscle that draws the scapula toward the vertebral column and slightly upward) }
{ soleus, soleus_muscle, skeletal_muscle,@ calf,#p (a broad flat muscle in the calf of the leg under the gastrocnemius muscle) }
{ splenius, splenius_muscle, skeletal_muscle,@ (either of two flat muscles that extend from the upper vertebrae to the base of the skull and serve to rotate or flex or extend the head and neck) }
{ peroneus, skeletal_muscle,@ (muscle of the lower leg that is involved in moving the foot) }
{ pterygoid_muscle, skeletal_muscle,@ (muscle descending from the sphenoid bone to the lower jaw) }
{ [ ball, verb.contact:ball,+ ] structure,@ sole,#p hand,#p (a more or less rounded anatomical body or mass; "the ball at the base of the thumb"; "he stood on the balls of his feet") }
{ flatfoot, splayfoot, pes_planus, human_foot,@ (a foot afflicted with a fallen arch; abnormally flattened and spread out) }
{ [ arch, verb.motion:arch,+ ] skeletal_structure,@ (a curved bony structure supporting or enclosing organs (especially the inner sides of the feet)) }
{ metatarsal_arch, arch,@ (the short lateral arch formed by the heads of the metatarsals) }
{ instep, arch,@ human_foot,#p (the arch of the foot) }
{ sunken_arch, fallen_arch, instep,@ (an instep flattened so the entire sole rests on the ground) }
{ sole, area,@ human_foot,#p (the underside of the foot) }
{ [ tiptoe, verb.motion:tiptoe,+ ] noun.location:tip,@ toe1,#p (the tip of a toe) }
{ [ toe1, verb.contact:toe,+ verb.motion:toe,+ ] digit,@ foot1,#p extremity1,@ (one of the digits of the foot) }
{ toe2, body_part,@ noun.animal:hoof,#p (forepart of a hoof) }
{ big_toe, great_toe, hallux, toe1,@ human_foot,#p (the first largest innermost toe) }
{ hammertoe, toe1,@ (a deformed toe which is bent in a clawlike arch) }
{ little_toe, toe1,@ minimus,@ human_foot,#p (the fifth smallest outermost toe) }
{ [ heel, verb.creation:heel,+ verb.motion:heel,+ ] skeletal_structure,@ human_foot,#p (the back part of the human foot) }
{ gliding_joint, articulatio_plana, synovial_joint,@ (a freely moving joint in which the articulations allow only gliding motions) }
{ [ ankle, noun.artifact:anklet2,+ noun.artifact:anklet1,+ noun.artifact:anklet,+ ] ankle_joint, mortise_joint, articulatio_talocruralis, gliding_joint,@ leg1,#p (a gliding joint between the distal ends of the tibia and fibula and the proximal end of the talus) }
{ Achilles_tendon, tendon_of_Achilles, tendon,@ calf,#p heel,#p (a large tendon that runs from the heel to the calf) }
{ [ girdle, verb.contact:girdle1,+ ] skeletal_structure,@ (an encircling or ringlike structure) }
{ musculus_biceps_femoris, femoral_biceps, biceps,@ thigh,#p (the biceps muscle of the thigh; it flexes the knee and rotates the leg laterally) }
{ [ biceps, adj.pert:bicipital,+ ] skeletal_muscle,@ (any skeletal muscle having two origins (but especially the muscle that flexes the forearm)) }
{ biceps_brachii, musculus_biceps_brachii, biceps_humeri, biceps,@ arm,#p (a muscle that flexes and supinates the forearm) }
{ triceps, skeletal_muscle,@ (any skeletal muscle having three origins (but especially the triceps brachii)) }
{ triceps_brachii, musculus_triceps_brachii, triceps,@ arm,#p (the skeletal muscle having three origins that extends the forearm when it contracts) }
{ [ elbow, verb.motion:elbow,+ verb.contact:elbow,+ ] elbow_joint, human_elbow, [ cubitus, adj.pert:cubital,+ ] cubital_joint, articulatio_cubiti, hinge_joint,@ arm,#p (hinge joint between the forearm and upper arm and the corresponding joint in the forelimb of a quadruped) }
{ interphalangeal_joint, hinge_joint,@ (any of the joints between the phalanges of the fingers or toes) }
{ hinge_joint, ginglymus, ginglymoid_joint, synovial_joint,@ (a freely moving joint in which the bones are so articulated as to allow extensive movement in one plane) }
{ funny_bone, crazy_bone, ulnar_nerve,@ elbow,#p (a point on the elbow where the ulnar nerve passes near the surface; a sharp tingling sensation results when the nerve is knocked against the bone; "the funny bone is not humerus") }
{ [ lamina, adj.all:stratified^laminar,+ adj.all:stratified^laminal,+ verb.creation:laminate,+ verb.contact:laminate2,+ verb.contact:laminate1,+ verb.contact:laminate,+ ] plate,@ (a thin plate or layer (especially of bone or mineral)) }
{ lamina_arcus_vertebrae, lamina,@ (lamina of the vertebral arch; the flattened posterior part of the vertebral arch from which the spinous process extends) }
{ plate, structure,@ (any flat platelike body structure or part) }
{ horny_structure, unguis, structure,@ (any rigid body structure composed primarily of keratin) }
{ nail, horny_structure,@ integumentary_system,#p digit,#p (horny plate covering and protecting part of the dorsal surface of the digits) }
{ cuticle1, skin,@ (the dead skin at the base of a fingernail or toenail) }
{ half-moon, lunula, lunule, area,@ nail,#p (the crescent-shaped area at the base of the human fingernail) }
{ matrix, animal_tissue,@ nail,#p (the formative tissue at the base of a nail) }
{ matrix1, intercellular_substance, ground_substance, body_substance,@ bone,#p cartilage,#p connective_tissue,#p (the body substance in which tissue cells are embedded) }
{ fascia, facia, connective_tissue,@ (a sheet or band of fibrous connective tissue separating or binding together muscles and organs etc) }
{ [ aponeurosis, adj.pert:aponeurotic,+ ] fascia,@ (any of the deeper and thicker fascia that attach muscles to bones; resemble flattened tendons) }
{ [ graft, verb.contact:graft1,+ ] [ transplant, verb.contact:transplant,+ ] animal_tissue,@ noun.cognition:surgery,;c ((surgery) tissue or organ transplanted from a donor to a recipient; in some cases the patient can be both donor and recipient) }
{ autograft, [ autoplasty, adj.pert:autoplastic,+ ] graft,@ (tissue that is taken from one site and grafted to another site on the same person; "skin from his thigh replaced the burned skin on his arms") }
{ homograft, allograft, graft,@ (tissue or organ transplanted from a donor of the same species but different genetic makeup; recipient's immune system must be suppressed to prevent rejection of the graft) }
{ heterograft, xenograft, graft,@ (tissue from an animal of one species used as a temporary graft (as in cases of severe burns) on an individual of another species) }
{ scar_tissue, connective_tissue,@ (the connective tissue that forms a scar; consists of fibroblasts in new scars and collagen fibers in old scars) }
{ adhesion, scar_tissue,@ (a fibrous band of scar tissue that binds together normally separate anatomical structures) }
{ stroma, animal_tissue,@ (the supporting tissue of an organ (as opposed to parenchyma)) }
{ fingernail, nail,@ finger,#p (the nail at the end of a finger) }
{ thumbnail, fingernail,@ thumb,#p (the nail of the thumb) }
{ toenail, nail,@ toe1,#p (the nail at the end of a toe) }
{ ingrown_toenail, onyxis, toenail,@ (toenail having its free tip or edges embedded in the surrounding flesh) }
{ hangnail, agnail, skin,@ (a loose narrow strip of skin near the base of a fingernail; tearing it produces a painful sore that is easily infected) }
{ wrist, [ carpus, adj.pert:carpal,+ ] wrist_joint, radiocarpal_joint, articulatio_radiocarpea, gliding_joint,@ arm,#p (a joint between the distal end of the radius and the proximal row of carpal bones) }
{ [ knuckle, verb.contact:knuckle,+ ] knuckle_joint, metacarpophalangeal_joint, synovial_joint,@ finger,#p (a joint of a finger when the fist is closed) }
{ skeletal_system, [ skeleton, adj.pert:skeletal,+ ] frame, systema_skeletale, system,@ musculoskeletal_system,#p (the hard structure (bones and cartilages) that provides a frame for the body of an animal) }
{ skeletal_structure, structure,@ skeleton,#p (any structure created by the skeleton of an organism) }
{ column, skeletal_structure,@ (any tubular or pillar-like supporting structure in the body) }
{ pectoral_girdle, girdle,@ appendicular_skeleton,#p (a skeletal support to which the forelimbs of vertebrates are attached) }
{ shoulder_girdle, pectoral_arch, arch,@ pectoral_girdle,#p (the bony arch formed by the collarbones and shoulder blades in humans) }
{ endoskeleton, skeleton,@ noun.animal:vertebrate,;c (the internal skeleton; bony and cartilaginous structure (especially of vertebrates)) }
{ exoskeleton, skeleton,@ body_covering,@ noun.animal:invertebrate,;c (the exterior protective or supporting structure or shell of many animals (especially invertebrates) including bony or horny parts such as nails or scales or hoofs) }
{ appendicular_skeleton, skeletal_structure,@ endoskeleton,#p (the part of the skeleton that includes the pectoral girdle and the pelvic girdle and the upper and lower limbs) }
{ axial_skeleton, skeletal_structure,@ endoskeleton,#p (the part of the skeleton that includes the skull and spinal column and sternum and ribs) }
{ axial_muscle, skeletal_muscle,@ (a skeletal muscle of the trunk or head) }
{ transverse_process, process,@ vertebra,#p (one of two processes that extend from each vertebra and provide the point of articulation for the ribs) }
{ hemal_arch, haemal_arch, arch,@ centrum,#p (a structure arising ventrally from a vertebral centrum and enclosing the caudal blood vessels) }
{ neural_arch, vertebral_arch, arch,@ centrum,#p (a structure arising dorsally from a vertebral centrum and enclosing the spinal cord) }
{ spinal_column, vertebral_column, [ spine, adj.pert:spinal,+ ] backbone, back1, rachis, skeletal_structure,@ axial_skeleton,#p (the series of vertebrae forming the axis of the skeleton and protecting the spinal cord; "the fall broke his back") }
{ cervical_vertebra, neck_bone, vertebra,@ neck,#p (one of 7 vertebrae in the human spine located in the neck region) }
{ atlas, atlas_vertebra, cervical_vertebra,@ (the 1st cervical vertebra) }
{ axis, axis_vertebra, cervical_vertebra,@ (the 2nd cervical vertebra; serves as a pivot for turning the head) }
{ odontoid_process, process,@ axis,#p (a toothlike process at the back of 2nd vertebra of the neck) }
{ thoracic_vertebra, dorsal_vertebra, vertebra,@ back,#p (one of 12 vertebrae in the human vertebral column; thoracic vertebrae extend from the seventh cervical vertebra down to the first lumbar vertebra) }
{ lumbar_vertebra, vertebra,@ back,#p (one of 5 vertebrae in the human vertebral column; lumbar vertebrae extend from the twelfth thoracic vertebra down to the sacral vertebrae) }
{ sacral_vertebra, vertebra,@ sacrum,#p (one of 5 vertebrae in the human spine that fuse in the adult to form the sacrum) }
{ coccygeal_vertebra, caudal_vertebra, vertebra,@ coccyx,#p (one of 4 vertebrae in the human coccyx) }
{ [ sartorius, adj.pert:sartorial1,+ ] sartorius_muscle, musculus_sartorius, skeletal_muscle,@ (a muscle in the thigh that helps to rotate the leg into the sitting position assumed by a tailor; the longest muscle in the human body) }
{ scalenus, scalene_muscle, musculus_scalenus, skeletal_muscle,@ (any of four pairs of muscles extending from the cervical vertebrae to the second rib; involved in moving the neck and in breathing) }
{ spinal_nerve_roots, spinal_nerve,@ (either of two roots of the spinal nerves) }
{ sternocleidomastoid, sternocleidomastoid_muscle, sternocleido_mastoideus, musculus_sternocleidomastoideus, skeletal_muscle,@ neck,#p (one of two thick muscles running from the sternum and clavicle to the mastoid and occipital bone; turns head obliquely to the opposite side; when acting together they flex the neck and extend the head) }
{ teres, teres_muscle, skeletal_muscle,@ shoulder,#p (either of two muscles in the shoulder region that move the shoulders and arms) }
{ teres_major, teres_major_muscle, musculus_teres_major, teres,@ (teres muscle that moves the arm and rotates it medially) }
{ teres_minor, teres_minor_muscle, musculus_teres_minor, teres,@ (teres muscle that adducts the arm and rotates it laterally) }
{ tibialis, tibialis_muscle, musculus_tibialis, skeletal_muscle,@ leg1,#p (either of two skeletal muscle in each leg arising from the tibia; provides for movement of the foot) }
{ tibialis_anticus, tibialis_anterior, tibialis,@ (a muscle running from the tibia to the first metatarsal and cuneiform bones) }
{ tibialis_posticus, tibialis_posterior, tibialis,@ (a deep muscle of the leg) }
{ trapezius, trapezius_muscle, cowl_muscle, musculus_trapezius, skeletal_muscle,@ (either of two flat triangular muscles of the shoulder and upper back that are involved in moving the shoulders and arms) }
{ true_rib, rib1,@ (one of the first seven ribs in a human being which attach to the sternum) }
{ [ costa2, adj.pert:costal,+ ] structure,@ (a riblike part of a plant or animal (such as a middle rib of a leaf or a thickened vein of an insect wing)) }
{ costal_cartilage, cartilaginous_structure,@ rib1,#p (the cartilages that connect the sternum and the ends of the ribs; its elasticity allows the chest to move in respiration) }
{ [ epiphysis, adj.pert:epiphysial,+ adj.pert:epiphyseal,+ ] long_bone,@ (the end of a long bone; initially separated from the main bone by a layer of cartilage that eventually ossifies so the parts become fused) }
{ [ diaphysis, adj.pert:diaphysial,+ adj.pert:diaphyseal,+ ] shaft, long_bone,@ (the main (mid) section of a long bone) }
{ metaphysis, process,@ long_bone,#p (the growing part of a long bone between the diaphysis and the epiphysis) }
{ arm_bone, long_bone,@ arm,#p endoskeleton,#p (a bone in the arm) }
{ humerus, arm_bone,@ arm,#p (bone extending from the shoulder to the elbow) }
{ [ radius, adj.pert:radial1,+ ] arm_bone,@ forearm,#p (the outer and slightly shorter of the two bones of the human forearm) }
{ [ ulna, adj.pert:ulnar,+ ] elbow_bone, arm_bone,@ forearm,#p (the inner and longer of the two bones of the human forearm) }
{ olecranon, olecranon_process, process,@ ulna,#p (process of the ulna that forms the outer bump of the elbow and fits into the fossa of the humerus when the arm is extended) }
{ [ metacarpus, adj.pert:metacarpal,+ ] skeletal_structure,@ hand,#p (the part of the hand between the carpus and phalanges) }
{ leg_bone, long_bone,@ leg1,#p endoskeleton,#p (a bone of the leg) }
{ fibula, calf_bone, leg_bone,@ leg1,#p (the outer and thinner of the two bones of the human leg between the knee and ankle) }
{ [ tibia, adj.pert:tibial,+ ] shinbone, shin_bone, shin, leg_bone,@ leg1,#p (the inner and thicker of the two bones of the human leg between the knee and ankle) }
{ [ metatarsus, adj.pert:metatarsal,+ ] skeletal_structure,@ vertebrate_foot,#p (the skeleton of the human foot between the toes and the tarsus; the corresponding part of the foot in birds or of the hind foot in quadrupeds) }
{ [ tarsus, adj.pert:tarsal,+ ] skeletal_structure,@ vertebrate_foot,#p (the part of the foot of a vertebrate between the metatarsus and the leg; in human beings the bones of the ankle and heel collectively) }
{ joint, [ articulation, adj.pert:articulary,+ adj.pert:articular,+ verb.possession:articulate,+ ] articulatio, body_part,@ articulatory_system,#p endoskeleton,#p noun.cognition:anatomy,;c ((anatomy) the point of connection between two bones or elements of a skeleton (especially if it allows motion)) }
{ ball-and-socket_joint, spheroid_joint, cotyloid_joint, enarthrodial_joint, enarthrosis, articulatio_spheroidea, synovial_joint,@ (a freely moving joint in which a sphere on the head of one bone fits into a rounded cavity in the other bone) }
{ head1, structure,@ (the rounded end of a bone that fits into a rounded cavity in another bone to form a joint; "the head of the humerus") }
{ hip2, hip_joint, coxa, articulatio_coxae, ball-and-socket_joint,@ thigh,#p pelvis,#p (the ball-and-socket joint between the head of the femur and the acetabulum) }
{ [ acetabulum, adj.all:concave^acetabular,+ ] cotyloid_cavity, socket,@ hipbone,#p (the cup-shaped hollow in the hipbone into which the head of the femur fits to form a ball-and-socket joint) }
{ pelvis1, renal_pelvis, cavity,@ kidney,#p (a structure shaped like a funnel in the outlet of the kidney into which urine is discharged before passing into the ureter) }
{ [ pelvis, adj.pert:pelvic,+ ] pelvic_girdle, pelvic_arch, hip1, girdle,@ appendicular_skeleton,#p (the structure of the vertebrate skeleton supporting the lower limbs in humans and the hind limbs or corresponding parts in other vertebrates) }
{ pelvic_cavity, cavity,@ (the space bounded by the bones of the pelvis and containing the pelvic viscera) }
{ pivot_joint, rotary_joint, rotatory_joint, articulatio_trochoidea, synovial_joint,@ (a freely moving joint in which movement is limited to rotation; "the articulation of the radius and ulna in the arm is a pivot joint") }
{ crotch, fork, noun.shape:angle,@ body,#p (the angle formed by the inner sides of the legs where they join the human trunk) }
{ loins1, body_part,@ trunk,#p (the region of the hips and groin and lower abdomen) }
{ groin, [ inguen, adj.pert:inguinal,+ ] area,@ loins1,#p (the crease at the junction of the inner part of the thigh with the trunk together with the adjacent region and often including the external genitals) }
{ quick, area,@ (any area of the body that is highly sensitive to pain (as the flesh underneath the skin or a fingernail or toenail)) }
{ [ nose, verb.contact:nose,+ verb.motion:nose,+ verb.perception:nose1,+ ] olfactory_organ, chemoreceptor,@ face,#p upper_respiratory_tract,#p (the organ of smell and entrance to the respiratory tract; the prominent part of the face of man or other mammals; "he has a cold in the nose") }
{ beak, honker, hooter, nozzle, snoot, snout1, schnozzle, schnoz, nose,@ noun.location:US,;r (informal terms for the nose) }
{ [ conk, verb.contact:conk,+ ] nose,@ noun.location:Britain,;r (informal term for the nose) }
{ hawk_nose, nose,@ (a nose curved downward like the beak of a hawk) }
{ proboscis, nose,@ noun.communication:colloquialism,;u (the human nose (especially when it is large)) }
{ bridge, structure,@ nose,#p (the hard ridge that forms the upper part of the nose; "her glasses left marks on the bridge of her nose") }
{ pug_nose, nose,@ (a short nose; flattened and turned up at the end) }
{ Roman_nose, hooknose, nose,@ (a nose with a prominent slightly aquiline bridge) }
{ chin, mentum2, feature,@ human_face1,#p (the protruding part of the lower jaw) }
{ double_chin, buccula, chin,@ (a fold of fatty tissue under the chin) }
{ [ dimple, verb.body:dimple,+ ] noun.shape:depression,@ (a small natural hollow in the cheek or chin; "His dimple appeared whenever he smiled") }
{ lantern_jaw, lower_jaw,@ (a long thin lower jaw) }
{ nostril, anterior_naris, naris,@ nose,#p (either one of the two external openings to the nasal cavity in the nose) }
{ posterior_naris, naris,@ (either one of the two posterior openings at the back of the nasal cavity leading to the nasopharynx) }
{ [ naris, adj.pert:narial,+ ] orifice,@ (any of the openings to the nasal cavities that allow air to flow through the cavities to the pharynx) }
{ [ face, adj.pert:facial,+ ] human_face1, external_body_part,@ head,#p noun.animal:human_being,#p (the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear; "he washed his face"; "I wish I had seen the look on his face when he got the news") }
{ [ face1, adj.pert:facial,+ ] external_body_part,@ noun.Tops:animal,#p (the part of an animal corresponding to the human face) }
{ countenance, physiognomy, phiz, visage, kisser, [ smiler, verb.body:smile,+ ] mug, face,@ human_head,#p noun.communication:colloquialism,;u noun.location:Britain,;r (the human face (`kisser' and `smiler' and `mug' are informal terms for `face' and `phiz' is British)) }
{ pudding_face, pudding-face, countenance,@ (a large fat human face) }
{ [ feature, verb.stative:feature,+ ] lineament, body_part,@ human_face1,#p (the characteristic parts of a person's face: eyes and nose and mouth and chin; "an expression of pleasure crossed his features"; "his lineaments were very regular") }
{ facial_muscle, skeletal_muscle,@ face,#p (any of the skeletal muscles of the face) }
{ temporalis_muscle, temporal_muscle, temporalis, musculus_temporalis, skeletal_muscle,@ (muscle extending from the temporal fossa to the coronoid process of the mandible; acts to raise the mandible and close the jaws) }
{ brow, forehead, feature,@ face,#p (the part of the face above the eyes) }
{ temple, feature,@ head,#p (the flat area on either side of the forehead; "the veins in his temple throbbed") }
{ cheek, feature,@ human_face1,#p (either side of the face below the eyes) }
{ [ jowl1, adj.all:fat1^jowly,+ ] feature,@ human_face1,#p (a fullness and looseness of the flesh of the lower cheek and jaw (characteristic of aging)) }
{ [ jaw1, verb.consumption:jaw,+ ] feature,@ human_face1,#p (the bones of the skull that frame the mouth and serve to open it; the bones that hold the teeth) }
{ ridge, process,@ (any long raised border or margin of a bone or tooth or membrane) }
{ supraorbital_ridge, supraorbital_torus, superciliary_ridge, superciliary_arch, ridge,@ (a ridge on the frontal bone above the eye socket) }

{ [ excrescence, adj.pert:excrescent,+ ] process,@ noun.state:growth,@ noun.cognition:pathology,;c ((pathology) an abnormal outgrowth or enlargement of some part of the body) }
{ [ vegetation, verb.change:vegetate4,+ ] excrescence,@ (an abnormal growth or excrescence (especially a warty excrescence on the valves of the heart)) }
{ [ rudiment, adj.all:undeveloped^rudimentary,+ adj.all:incomplete^rudimentary,+ ] body_part,@ (the remains of a body part that was functional at an earlier stage of life; "Meckel's diverticulum is the rudiment of the embryonic yolk sac") }
{ wall, paries, noun.location:stratum,@ noun.cognition:anatomy,;c ((anatomy) a layer (a lining or membrane) that encloses a structure; "stomach walls") }
{ abdominal_wall, wall,@ abdomen,#p (a wall of the abdomen) }
{ [ humor1, adj.pert:humoral,+ ] humour1, body_substance,@ noun.cognition:physiology,;c noun.time:middle_ages,;c noun.time:antiquity,;c ((Middle Ages) one of the four fluids in the body whose balance was believed to determine your emotional and physical state; "the humors are blood and phlegm and yellow and black bile") }
{ pericardial_sac, sac,@ (the membrane surrounding the heart) }
{ rotator_cuff, structure,@ shoulder2,#p (a supporting structure of the shoulder consisting of the muscles and tendons that attach the arm to the shoulder joint and enable the arm to move) }
{ respiratory_center, center,@ medulla_oblongata,#p pons,#p (the center in the medulla oblongata and pons that integrates sensory information about the level of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood and determines the signals to be sent to the respiratory muscles) }
{ spindle, noun.substance:fiber,@ noun.cognition:biology,;c ((biology) tiny fibers that are seen in cell division; the fibers radiate from two poles and meet at the equator in the middle; "chromosomes are distributed by spindles in mitosis and meiosis") }
{ syncytium, cytoplasm,@ (a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei and enclosed in a membrane but no internal cell boundaries (as in muscle fibers)) }
{ serous_membrane, serosa, membrane,@ (a thin membrane lining the closed cavities of the body; has two layers with a space between that is filled with serous fluid) }
{ synovial_membrane, synovium, membrane,@ (a thin membrane in synovial (freely moving) joints that lines the joint capsule and secretes synovial fluid) }
{ tunica_albuginea_testes, albuginea,@ (whitish cover of the testicle) }
{ albuginea, tunic,@ (whitish tunic) }
{ tunic, tunica, [ adventitia, adj.pert:adventitial,+ ] membrane,@ (an enveloping or covering membrane or layer of body tissue) }
{ celom, coelom, celoma, cavity,@ (a cavity in the mesoderm of an embryo that gives rise in humans to the pleural cavity and pericardial cavity and peritoneal cavity) }
{ cornu, structure,@ noun.cognition:anatomy,;c ((anatomy) any structure that resembles a horn in shape) }
{ [ corona, adj.pert:coronary,+ ] structure,@ noun.cognition:anatomy,;c ((anatomy) any structure that resembles a crown in shape) }
{ ruga, fold,@ noun.cognition:anatomy,;c ((anatomy) a fold or wrinkle or crease; "rugae of the stomach") }
{ tentorium, fold,@ noun.cognition:anatomy,;c ((anatomy) a fold of dura mater that covers the cerebellum and supports the occipital lobes of the cerebrum) }
{ mast_cell, mastocyte, labrocyte, somatic_cell,@ connective_tissue,#p (a large connective tissue cell that contains histamine and heparin and serotonin which are released in allergic reactions or in response to injury or inflammation) }
{ stem_cell, somatic_cell,@ (an undifferentiated cell whose daughter cells may differentiate into other cell types (such as blood cells)) }
{ hematopoeitic_stem_cell, stem_cell,@ (blood forming stem cells in the bone marrow; T cells and B cells arise from these stem cells) }
{ target_cell1, somatic_cell,@ (any cell that has a specific receptor for an antigen or antibody or hormone or drug, or is the focus of contact by a virus or phagocyte or nerve fiber etc.) }
{ McBurney's_point, noun.location:point,@ (a point one third of the way along a line drawn from the hip to the umbilicus; the point of maximum sensitivity in acute appendicitis) }
{ zona_pellucida, zone,@ (thick membrane around the mammalian ovum; can be penetrated by one sperm in the fertilization process; usually remains around the fertilized egg until it is implanted in the wall of the uterus) }
{ receptor1, structure,@ (a cellular structure that is postulated to exist in order to mediate between a chemical agent that acts on nervous tissue and the physiological response) }
{ alpha_receptor, alpha-adrenergic_receptor, alpha-adrenoceptor, receptor1,@ sympathetic_nervous_system,#p (receptors postulated to exist on nerve cell membranes of the sympathetic nervous system in order to explain the specificity of certain agents that affect only some sympathetic activities (such as vasoconstriction and relaxation of intestinal muscles and contraction of smooth muscles)) }
{ beta_receptor, beta-adrenergic_receptor, beta-adrenoceptor, receptor1,@ sympathetic_nervous_system,#p (receptors postulated to exist on nerve cell membranes of the sympathetic nervous system in order to explain the specificity of certain agents that affect only some sympathetic activities (such as vasodilation and increased heart beat)) }
{ pharyngeal_recess, noun.shape:recess,@ pharynx,#p (a small recess in the wall of the pharynx) }
{ rima, opening,@ (a narrow elongated opening or fissure between two symmetrical parts) }
{ rima_glottidis, rima_vocalis, true_glottis, glottis_vera, rima,@ glottis,#p (the space between the two true vocal folds) }
{ rima_vestibuli, rima_respiratoria, false_glottis, glottis_spuria, rima,@ (the opening between the false vocal folds) }
{ telomere, noun.location:end,@ chromosome,#p (either (free) end of a eukaryotic chromosome; "telomeres act as caps to keep the sticky ends of chromosomes from randomly clumping together") }
{ vomer, bone,@ skull,#p nasal_septum,#p (thin trapezoidal bone of the skull forming the posterior and inferior parts of the nasal septum) }
{ Wormian_bone, sutural_bone, bone,@ (any of the tiny soft bones found in the sutures between cranial bones) }
{ zone, zona, structure,@ noun.cognition:anatomy,;c ((anatomy) any encircling or beltlike structure) }
{ zonule, zonula, zone,@ (small beltlike zone) }