noun.plant

($RCSfile: noun.plant,v $ $Revision: 9.0 $ $Date: 2011/02/06 21:16:49 $ $Name:  $ $State: Rel $)
(Copyright (c) 1988-2011 by Princeton University)

(noun.plant)

{ Plantae, kingdom_Plantae, plant_kingdom, noun.group:kingdom2,@ noun.cognition:botany,;c ((botany) the taxonomic kingdom comprising all living or extinct plants) }
{ microflora, noun.Tops:flora,@ noun.animal:microorganism,@ (microscopic plants; bacteria are often considered to be microflora) } 
{ plant_cell, noun.Tops:cell,@ (a cell that is a structural and functional unit of a plant) }
{ cell_wall, noun.location:layer,@ plant_cell,#p (a rigid layer of polysaccharides enclosing the membrane of plant and prokaryotic cells; maintains the shape of the cell and serves as a protective barrier) }
{ crop1, noun.Tops:plant,@ (a cultivated plant that is grown commercially on a large scale) }
{ endemic, noun.Tops:plant,@ (a plant that is native to a certain limited area; "it is an endemic found only this island") }
{ [ holophyte, adj.all:holophytic,+ ] noun.Tops:plant,@ (an organism that produces its own food by photosynthesis) }
{ non-flowering_plant, noun.Tops:plant,@ (a plant that does not bear flowers) }
{ [ plantlet, noun.Tops:plant,+ ] noun.Tops:plant,@ (a young plant or a small plant) }
{ wilding, noun.Tops:plant,@ (a wild uncultivated plant (especially a wild apple or crabapple tree)) }
{ semi-climber, vine,@ (a plant that tends to climb and on occasion can grow like a vine) }
{ Thallophyta, noun.group:division4,@ kingdom_Plantae,#m (used only in former classifications: comprising what is now considered a heterogeneous assemblage of flowerless and seedless organisms: algae; bacteria; fungi; lichens) }
{ [ thallophyte, adj.pert:thallophytic,+ ] cryptogam,@ (any of a group of cryptogamic organisms consisting principally of a thallus and thus showing no differentiation into stem and root and leaf) }
{ button, plant_part,@ (any of various plant parts that resemble buttons) }
{ thallus, plant_part,@ (a plant body without true stems or roots or leaves or vascular system; characteristic of the thallophytes) }
{ crustose_thallus, thallus,@ (thin crusty lichen thallus; adheres closely to or is embedded in the surface on which it grows) }
{ cap, pileus, plant_part,@ fungus,#p (a fruiting structure resembling an umbrella or a cone that forms the top of a stalked fleshy fungus such as a mushroom) }
{ calyptra, plant_part,@ (the hood or cap covering the calyx of certain plants: e.g., the California poppy) }
{ volva, plant_part,@ fungus,#p (cuplike structure around the base of the stalk of certain fungi) }
{ [ ascocarp, adj.pert:ascocarpous,+ ] fruiting_body,@ ascomycete,#p (mature fruiting body of an ascomycetous fungus) }
{ acervulus, fruiting_body,@ (small asexual fruiting body resembling a cushion or blister consisting of a mat of hyphae that is produced on a host by some fungi) }
{ basidiocarp, fruiting_body,@ basidiomycete,#p (the fruiting body of a basidiomycete which bears its spores on special cells) }
{ peridium, noun.object:natural_covering,@ (outer layer of the spore-bearing organ in many fungi) }
{ ascoma, ascocarp,@ (an ascocarp having the spore-bearing layer of cells (the hymenium) on a broad disklike receptacle) }
{ [ apothecium, adj.pert:apothecial,+ ] ascocarp,@ (a cuplike ascocarp in many lichens and ascomycetous fungi) }
{ cleistothecium, cleistocarp, ascocarp,@ (closed spore-bearing structure of some fungi (especially Aspergillaceae and Erysiphaceae) from which spores are released only by decay or disintegration) }
{ domatium, plant_part,@ (a part of a plant (e.g., a leaf) that has been modified to provide protection for insects or mites or fungi) }
{ podetium, plant_process,@ (an organ or body resembling a stalk; especially the outgrowth of the thallus of certain lichens on which the ascocarp is borne) }
{ seta2, podetium,@ (stalk of a moss capsule) }

{ Tracheophyta, division_Tracheophyta, noun.group:division4,@ kingdom_Plantae,#m (in former classifications: comprising plants with a vascular system including ferns and fern allies as well as seed plants) }

{ plant_order, noun.group:order1,@ kingdom_Plantae,#m (the order of plants) }

{ [ ornamental, adj.all:nonfunctional^ornamental,+ ] noun.Tops:plant,@ (any plant grown for its beauty or ornamental value) }
{ pot_plant, noun.Tops:plant,@ noun.location:Britain,;r (a plant suitable for growing in a flowerpot (especially indoors)) }
{ [ acrogen, adj.pert:acrogenous,+ ] noun.Tops:plant,@ (any flowerless plant such as a fern (pteridophyte) or moss (bryophyte) in which growth occurs only at the tip of the main stem) }
{ apomict, noun.Tops:plant,@ (a plant that reproduces or is reproduced by apomixis) }
{ [ aquatic, adj.all:aquatic,+ ] noun.Tops:plant,@ (a plant that lives in or on water) }

{ [ Bryophyta, adj.pert:bryophytic,+ ] division_Bryophyta, noun.group:division4,@ kingdom_Plantae,#m (a division of nonflowering plants characterized by rhizoids rather than true roots and having little or no organized vascular tissue and showing alternation of generations between gamete-bearing forms and spore-bearing forms; comprises true mosses (Bryopsida) and liverworts (Hepaticopsida) and hornworts (Anthoceropsida)) }
{ bryophyte, nonvascular_plant, nonvascular_organism,@ division_Bryophyta,#m (any of numerous plants of the division Bryophyta) }
{ [ moss, adj.all:covered^mossy,+ ] bryophyte,@ (tiny leafy-stemmed flowerless plants) }
{ moss_family, noun.group:family3,@ division_Bryophyta,#m (a family of mosses) }
{ moss_genus, noun.group:genus,@ division_Bryophyta,#m (a genus of mosses) }

{ Anthoceropsida, class_Anthoceropsida, noun.group:class2,@ division_Bryophyta,#m (hornworts: in some classification systems included in the class Hepaticopsida) }
{ Anthocerotales, order_Anthocerotales, plant_order,@ class_Anthoceropsida,#m (hornworts; liverworts having a thalloid gametophyte; in some classification systems included in the class Hepaticopsida) }
{ Anthocerotaceae, family_Anthocerotaceae, moss_family,@ class_Anthoceropsida,#m (hornworts) }
{ Anthoceros, genus_Anthoceros, moss_genus,@ family_Anthocerotaceae,#m (hornworts) }
{ hornwort1, liverwort,@ order_Anthocerotales,#m (liverworts with slender hornlike capsules) }

{ Bryopsida, class_Bryopsida, Musci, class_Musci, noun.group:class2,@ division_Bryophyta,#m (true mosses: bryophytes having leafy rather than thalloid gametophytes: comprises orders Andreaeales; Bryales; Dicranales; Eubryales; Sphagnales) }
{ [acrocarp, pleurocarp,!] acrocarpous_moss, moss,@ (a moss in which the main axis is terminated by the archegonium (and hence the capsule)) }
{ [ pleurocarp, adj.all:pleurocarpous,+ acrocarp,!] pleurocarpous_moss, moss,@ (a moss having the archegonium or antheridium on a short side branch rather than the main stalk) }

{ Andreaeales, order_Andreaeales, plant_order,@ class_Bryopsida,#m (comprises a single genus: Andreaea) }
{ Andreaea, genus_Andreaea, moss_genus,@ order_Andreaeales,#m (brown or blackish Alpine mosses having a dehiscent capsule with 4 longitudinal slits) }

{ Bryales, order_Bryales, plant_order,@ class_Bryopsida,#m (category used in some classification systems for mosses having the spore case separated from the capsule wall by a hollow intercellular space) }
{ Dicranales, order_Dicranales, plant_order,@ class_Bryopsida,#m (widely distributed order of mosses with erect gametophores and sporophytes at the tips of stems) }
{ Dicranaceae, family_Dicranaceae, moss_family,@ order_Dicranales,#m (mosses having costate leaves and long-stalked capsules with cleft peristome) }
{ Dicranum, genus_Dicranum, moss_genus,@ family_Dicranaceae,#m (type genus of Dicranaceae) }

{ Eubryales, order_Eubryales, plant_order,@ class_Bryopsida,#m (mosses with perennial erect gametophores and stems with rows of leaves and drooping capsules) }
{ Bryaceae, family_Bryaceae, moss_family,@ order_Eubryales,#m (a family of acrocarpous mosses) }
{ Bryum, genus_Bryum, moss_genus,@ family_Bryaceae,#m (type genus of the Bryaceae: mosses distinguished by mostly erect and tufted gametophytes and symmetrical short-necked capsules) }
{ Mniaceae, family_Mniaceae, moss_family,@ order_Eubryales,#m (family of erect mosses with club-shaped paraphyses and the hexagonal cells of the upper leaf surface; sometimes treated as a subfamily of Bryaceae) }
{ Mnium, genus_Mnium, moss_genus,@ family_Mniaceae,#m (mosses similar to those of genus Bryum but larger) }

{ Sphagnales, order_Sphagnales, plant_order,@ class_Bryopsida,#m (coextensive with the genus Sphagnum; in some classifications isolated in a separate subclass) }
{ genus_Sphagnum, moss_genus,@ order_Sphagnales,#m (a large genus constituting the order Sphagnales: atypical mosses of temperate bogs with leaves that can hold much water) }
{ sphagnum, sphagnum_moss, peat_moss, bog_moss, moss,@ genus_Sphagnum,#m (any of various pale or ashy mosses of the genus Sphagnum whose decomposed remains form peat) }

{ Hepaticopsida, class_Hepaticopsida, Hepaticae, class_Hepaticae, noun.group:class2,@ division_Bryophyta,#m (liverworts: comprises orders Anthocerotales; Jungermanniales; Marchantiales; Sphaerocarpales) }
{ liverwort, hepatic, bryophyte,@ class_Hepaticopsida,#m (any of numerous small green nonvascular plants of the class Hepaticopsida growing in wet places and resembling green seaweeds or leafy mosses) }

{ Jungermanniales, order_Jungermanniales, plant_order,@ class_Hepaticopsida,#m (large order of chiefly tropical liverworts) }
{ leafy_liverwort, scale_moss, liverwort,@ order_Jungermanniales,#m (moss-like liverwort with tiny scalelike leaves; usually epiphytic) }
{ Jungermanniaceae, family_Jungermanniaceae, moss_family,@ order_Jungermanniales,#m (comprising the leafy members of the order Jungermanniales) }

{ Marchantiales, order_Marchantiales, plant_order,@ class_Hepaticopsida,#m (liverworts with gametophyte differentiated internally) }
{ Marchantiaceae, family_Marchantiaceae, moss_family,@ order_Marchantiales,#m (liverworts with prostrate and usually dichotomously branched thalli) }
{ Marchantia, genus_Marchantia, moss_genus,@ family_Marchantiaceae,#m (type genus of Marchantiaceae; liverworts that reproduce asexually by gemmae and have stalked antheridiophores) }
{ hepatica2, Marchantia_polymorpha, liverwort,@ genus_Marchantia,#m (a common liverwort) }

{ Sphaerocarpales, order_Sphaerocarpales, plant_order,@ class_Hepaticopsida,#m (small order sometimes included in the order Jungermanniales) }
{ Sphaerocarpaceae, family_Sphaerocarpaceae, moss_family,@ order_Sphaerocarpales,#m (liverworts with bilaterally symmetrical gametophytes; sometimes placed in the order Jungermanniales) }
{ Sphaerocarpus, genus_Sphaerocarpus, Sphaerocarpos, genus_Sphaerocarpos, moss_genus,@ family_Sphaerocarpaceae,#m (type genus of Sphaerocarpaceae; liverworts with small many-lobed usually orbicular thallus) }

{ Pteridophyta, division_Pteridophyta, noun.group:division4,@ kingdom_Plantae,#m (containing all the vascular plants that do not bear seeds: ferns, horsetails, club mosses, and whisk ferns; in some classifications considered a subdivision of Tracheophyta) }

{ genus_Pecopteris, fern_genus,@ division_Pteridophyta,#m (genus of Carboniferous fossil ferns) }
{ pecopteris, fern,@ genus_Pecopteris,#m (Carboniferous fossil fern characterized by a regular arrangement of the leaflets resembling a comb) }
{ pteridophyte, nonflowering_plant, vascular_plant,@ division_Pteridophyta,#m (plants having vascular tissue and reproducing by spores) }
{ [ fern, adj.all:ferned^ferny2,+ adj.all:ferny1,+ ] pteridophyte,@ class_Filicopsida,#m (any of numerous flowerless and seedless vascular plants having true roots from a rhizome and fronds that uncurl upward; reproduce by spores) }
{ fern_ally, pteridophyte,@ (pteridophytes of other classes than Filicopsida) }
{ [ agamete, adj.all:asexual^agamic,+ ] reproductive_structure,@ (an asexual reproductive cell) }
{ spore, agamete,@ (a small usually single-celled asexual reproductive body produced by many nonflowering plants and fungi and some bacteria and protozoans and that are capable of developing into a new individual without sexual fusion; "a sexual spore is formed after the fusion of gametes") }
{ [ basidiospore, adj.pert:basidiosporous,+ ] spore,@ (a sexually produced fungal spore borne on a basidium) }
{ endospore, spore,@ (a small asexual spore that develops inside the cell of some bacteria and algae) }
{ [ carpospore, adj.pert:carposporic,+ adj.pert:carposporous,+ ] spore,@ noun.animal:red_algae,#p (a nonmotile spore of red algae) }
{ chlamydospore, spore,@ (thick-walled asexual resting spore of certain fungi and algae) }
{ conidium, conidiospore, spore,@ (an asexually produced fungal spore formed on a conidiophore) }
{ conidiophore, hypha,@ (a specialized fungal hypha that produces conidia) }
{ oospore, spore,@ (a thick-walled sexual spore that develops from a fertilized oosphere in some algae and fungi) }
{ oosphere, noun.body:gamete,@ (a gamete; used especially of lower plants) }
{ resting_spore, spore,@ (a spore of certain algae or fungi that lies dormant; may germinate after a prolonged period) }
{ teliospore, chlamydospore,@ (a chlamydospore that develops in the last stage of the life cycle of the rust fungus) }
{ tetraspore, spore,@ (one of the four asexual spores produced within a sporangium) }
{ zoospore, spore,@ (an asexual spore of some algae and fungi that moves by means of flagella) }
{ fern_seed, spore,@ fern,#p (the asexual spore of ferns that resembles dust; once thought to be seeds and to make the possessor invisible) }
{ fructification, reproductive_structure,@ (organs of fruiting (especially the reproductive parts of ferns and mosses)) }
{ gleba, reproductive_structure,@ sporophore,#p (fleshy spore-bearing inner mass of e.g. a puffball or stinkhorn) }
{ hymenium, reproductive_structure,@ fungus,#p (spore-bearing layer of cells in certain fungi containing asci or basidia) }
{ pycnidium, plant_part,@ (flask-shaped asexual structure containing conidia) }
{ sporocarp, spore_case2, reproductive_structure,@ (specialized leaf branch in certain aquatic ferns that encloses the sori or clusters of sporangia) }
{ stipule, plant_part,@ (a small leafy outgrowth at the base of a leaf or its stalk; usually occurring in pairs and soon shed) }
{ tepal, plant_part,@ (an undifferentiated part of a perianth that cannot be distinguished as a sepal or a petal (as in lilies and tulips)) }

{ Spermatophyta, division_Spermatophyta, noun.group:division4,@ kingdom_Plantae,#m (seed plants; comprises the Angiospermae (or Magnoliophyta) and Gymnospermae (or Gymnospermophyta); in some classification systems Spermatophyta is coordinate with Pteridophyta (spore producing plants having vascular tissue and roots) and Bryophyta (spore producing plants lacking vascular tissue and roots)) }
{ [Phanerogamae, Cryptogamia,!] noun.group:division4,@ kingdom_Plantae,#m (in former classification systems: one of two major plant divisions, including all seed-bearing plants; superseded by the division Spermatophyta) }
{ [Cryptogamia, Phanerogamae,!] noun.group:division4,@ kingdom_Plantae,#m (in former classification systems: one of two major plant divisions, including all plants that do not bear seeds: ferns, mosses, algae, fungi) }
{ [ cryptogam, adj.pert:cryptogamic,+ adj.pert:cryptogamous,+ ] noun.Tops:plant,@ (formerly recognized taxonomic group including all flowerless and seedless plants that reproduce by means of spores: ferns, mosses, algae, fungi) }
{ spermatophyte, phanerogam, seed_plant, vascular_plant,@ (plant that reproduces by means of seeds not spores) }
{ seedling, spermatophyte,@ (young plant or tree grown from a seed) }
{ [ balsam, adj.pert:balsamic,+ ] spermatophyte,@ (any seed plant yielding balsam) }
{ [ annual, adj.all:annual,+ ] noun.Tops:plant,@ noun.cognition:botany,;c ((botany) a plant that completes its entire life cycle within the space of a year) }
{ [ biennial, adj.all:biennial,+ ] noun.Tops:plant,@ noun.cognition:botany,;c ((botany) a plant having a life cycle that normally takes two seasons from germination to death to complete; flowering biennials usually bloom and fruit in the second season) }
{ [ perennial, adj.all:perennial,+ verb.stative:perennate,+ ] noun.Tops:plant,@ noun.cognition:botany,;c ((botany) a plant lasting for three seasons or more) }
{ escape, noun.Tops:plant,@ (a plant originally cultivated but now growing wild) }
{ [ hygrophyte, adj.all:hydric^hygrophytic,+ ] noun.Tops:plant,@ (a plant that grows in a moist habitat) }
{ neophyte, noun.Tops:plant,@ (a plant that is found in an area where it had not been recorded previously) }

{ gymnosperm_family, plant_family,@ class_Gymnospermae,#m (a family of gymnosperms) }
{ gymnosperm_genus, noun.group:genus,@ class_Gymnospermae,#m (a genus of gymnosperms) }
{ monocot_family, liliopsid_family, noun.group:family3,@ class_Dicotyledones,#m (family of flowering plants having a single cotyledon (embryonic leaf) in the seed) }
{ liliid_monocot_family, monocot_family,@ subclass_Liliidae,#m (family of monocotyledonous plants of the subclass Liliidae; mostly herbs usually with petaloid sepals and petals and compound pistils) }
{ monocot_genus, liliopsid_genus, noun.group:genus,@ class_Monocotyledones,#m (genus of flowering plants having a single cotyledon (embryonic leaf) in the seed) }
{ liliid_monocot_genus, monocot_genus,@ subclass_Liliidae,#m (genus of monocotyledonous plants comprising mostly herbs having usually petaloid sepals and petals and compound pistils) }
{ dicot_family, magnoliopsid_family, noun.group:family3,@ class_Dicotyledones,#m (family of flowering plants having two cotyledons (embryonic leaves) in the seed which usually appear at germination) }
{ magnoliid_dicot_family, dicot_family,@ subclass_Magnoliidae,#m (family of dicotyledonous flowering plants regarded as among the most primitive of extant angiosperms) }
{ hamamelid_dicot_family, dicot_family,@ subclass_Hamamelidae,#m (family of mostly woody dicotyledonous flowering plants with flowers often unisexual and often borne in catkins) }
{ caryophylloid_dicot_family, dicot_family,@ subclass_Caryophyllidae,#m (family of relatively early dicotyledonous plants including mostly flowers) }
{ dilleniid_dicot_family, dicot_family,@ subclass_Dilleniidae,#m (family of more or less advanced dicotyledonous trees and shrubs and herbs) }
{ asterid_dicot_family, dicot_family,@ subclass_Asteridae,#m (family of more or less advanced dicotyledonous herbs and some trees and shrubs) }
{ rosid_dicot_family, dicot_family,@ subclass_Rosidae,#m (a family of dicotyledonous plants) }
{ dicot_genus, magnoliopsid_genus, noun.group:genus,@ class_Dicotyledones,#m (genus of flowering plants having two cotyledons (embryonic leaves) in the seed which usually appear at germination) }
{ magnoliid_dicot_genus, dicot_genus,@ subclass_Magnoliidae,#m (genus of dicotyledonous flowering plants regarded as among the most primitive of extant angiosperms) }
{ hamamelid_dicot_genus, dicot_genus,@ subclass_Hamamelidae,#m (genus of mostly woody relatively primitive dicotyledonous flowering plants with flowers often unisexual and often borne in catkins) }
{ caryophylloid_dicot_genus, dicot_genus,@ subclass_Caryophyllidae,#m (genus of relatively early dicotyledonous plants including mostly flowers) }
{ dilleniid_dicot_genus, dicot_genus,@ subclass_Dilleniidae,#m (genus of more or less advanced dicotyledonous trees and shrubs and herbs) }
{ asterid_dicot_genus, dicot_genus,@ subclass_Asteridae,#m (genus of more or less advanced dicotyledonous herbs and some trees and shrubs) }
{ rosid_dicot_genus, dicot_genus,@ subclass_Rosidae,#m (a genus of dicotyledonous plants) }

{ fungus_family, noun.group:family3,@ kingdom_Fungi,#m (includes lichen families) }
{ fungus_genus, noun.group:genus,@ kingdom_Fungi,#m (includes lichen genera) }
{ fungus_order, noun.group:order1,@ kingdom_Fungi,#m (the order of fungi) }

{ Gymnospermae, class_Gymnospermae, Gymnospermophyta, division_Gymnospermophyta, noun.group:class2,@ division_Spermatophyta,#m (plants having naked seeds not enclosed in an ovary; in some systems considered a class (Gymnospermae) and in others a division (Gymnospermophyta); comprises three subdivisions (or classes): Cycadophytina (class Cycadopsida) and Gnetophytina (class Gnetopsida) and Coniferophytina (class Coniferopsida); in some classifications the Coniferophytina are divided into three groups: Pinophytina (class Pinopsida) and Ginkgophytina (class Ginkgopsida) and Taxophytina (class Taxopsida)) }
{ [ gymnosperm, adj.pert:gymnospermous,+ ] spermatophyte,@ class_Gymnospermae,#m (plants of the class Gymnospermae having seeds not enclosed in an ovary) }
{ progymnosperm, gymnosperm,@ (an ancestral fossil type from which modern gymnosperms are thought to have derived) }

{ Gnetopsida, class_Gnetopsida, Gnetophytina, subdivision_Gnetophytina, Gnetophyta, noun.group:class2,@ class_Gymnospermae,#m (gymnospermous flowering plants; supposed link between conifers and angiosperms; in some systems classified as a class (Gnetopsida) and in others as a subdivision (Gnetophytina or Gnetophyta)) }
{ Gnetales, order_Gnetales, plant_order,@ class_Gnetopsida,#m (chiefly tropical or xerophytic woody plants; practically unknown as fossils but considered close to the ancestral line of angiosperms) }
{ Gnetaceae, family_Gnetaceae, gymnosperm_family,@ order_Gnetales,#m (plants having small unisexual flowers and fleshy or winged fruit: in some classifications includes the genera Ephedra and Welwitschia as well as genus Gnetum) }
{ genus_Gnetum, gymnosperm_genus,@ family_Gnetaceae,#m (type genus of the Gnetaceae; small trees or shrubs usually with climbing jointed stems and terminal spikes of flowers with orange-red seeds clustered in rough cones) }
{ gnetum, Gnetum_gnemon, gymnospermous_tree,@ genus_Gnetum,#m (small tropical tree with tiered branches and divaricate branchlets having broad glossy dark green leaves; exploited for its edible young leaves and seeds that provide a fine flour) }
{ Ephedraceae, family_Ephedraceae, gymnosperm_family,@ order_Gnetales,#m (ephedras: in some classifications included in the Gnetaceae) }
{ Catha, genus_Catha, gymnosperm_genus,@ family_Celastraceae,#m (a genus of African evergreen shrubs characterized by thick leaves and white flowers) }
{ Catha_edulis, shrub,@ genus_Catha,#m (a shrub that is cultivated by Arabs for its leaves which are chewed or used to make tea) }
{ genus_Ephedra, gymnosperm_genus,@ family_Ephedraceae,#m (type and sole genus of Ephedraceae: tropical and subtropical evergreen shrubby or creeping plants native to dry and inhospitable regions) }
{ ephedra, joint_fir1, shrub,@ genus_Ephedra,#m (jointed and nearly leafless desert shrub having reduced scalelike leaves and reddish fleshy seeds) }
{ mahuang, Ephedra_sinica, ephedra,@ (Chinese ephedra yielding ephedrine) }
{ Welwitschiaceae, family_Welwitschiaceae, gymnosperm_family,@ order_Gnetales,#m (in some classifications included in the Gnetaceae) }
{ genus_Welwitschia, genus_Welwitchia, gymnosperm_genus,@ family_Welwitschiaceae,#m (type and sole genus of Welwitschiaceae) }
{ welwitschia, Welwitschia_mirabilis, gymnosperm,@ genus_Welwitschia,#m (curious plant of arid regions of southwestern Africa having a yard-high and yard-wide trunk like a turnip with a deep taproot and two large persistent woody straplike leaves growing from the base; living relic of a flora long disappeared; some may be 700-5000 years old) }

{ Cycadopsida, class_Cycadopsida, Cycadophytina, subdivision_Cycadophytina, Cycadophyta, subdivision_Cycadophyta, noun.group:class2,@ class_Gymnospermae,#m (palmlike gymnosperms: includes the surviving order Cycadales and several extinct orders; possibly not a natural group; in some systems considered a class (Cycadopsida) and in others a subdivision (Cycadophytina or Cycadophyta)) }
{ Cycadales, order_Cycadales, plant_order,@ class_Cycadopsida,#m (primitive tropical gymnosperms abundant in the Mesozoic, now reduced to a few scattered tropical forms) }
{ cycad, gymnosperm,@ (any tropical gymnosperm of the order Cycadales; having unbranched stems with a crown of fernlike leaves) }
{ Cycadaceae, family_Cycadaceae, cycad_family, gymnosperm_family,@ order_Cycadales,#m (ancient palmlike plants closely related to ferns in that fertilization is by means of spermatozoids) }
{ Cycas, genus_Cycas, gymnosperm_genus,@ family_Cycadaceae,#m (type genus of Cycadaceae: genus of widely distributed Old World evergreen tropical trees having pinnate leaves and columnar stems covered with persistent bases of old leaves) }
{ sago_palm2, Cycas_revoluta, cycad,@ (dwarf palmlike cycad of Japan that yields sago) }
{ false_sago, fern_palm, Cycas_circinalis, sago_palm2,@ genus_Cycas,#m (southeastern Indian cycad with palmlike foliage) }
{ Zamiaceae, family_Zamiaceae, zamia_family, gymnosperm_family,@ order_Cycadales,#m (a family of cycads often included in the family Cycadaceae: zamias) }
{ genus_Zamia, gymnosperm_genus,@ family_Zamiaceae,#m (genus of small evergreen tropical and subtropical American cycads) }
{ zamia, cycad,@ genus_Zamia,#m (any of various cycads of the genus Zamia; among the smallest and most verdant cycads) }
{ coontie, Florida_arrowroot, Seminole_bread, Zamia_pumila, zamia,@ (small tough woody zamia of Florida and West Indies and Cuba; roots and half-buried stems yield an arrowroot) }
{ genus_Ceratozamia, gymnosperm_genus,@ family_Zamiaceae,#m (small genus of Mexican cycads; sometimes classified in family Cycadaceae) }
{ ceratozamia, cycad,@ genus_Ceratozamia,#m (a small cycad of the genus Ceratozamia having a short scaly woody trunk and fernlike foliage and woody cones; Mexico) }
{ genus_Dioon, gymnosperm_genus,@ family_Zamiaceae,#m (small genus of arborescent cycads of Mexico and Central America; sometimes classified in family Cycadaceae) }
{ dioon, cycad,@ genus_Dioon,#m (any cycad of the genus Dioon; handsome palmlike cycads with robust crowns of leaves and rugged trunks) }
{ genus_Encephalartos, gymnosperm_genus,@ family_Zamiaceae,#m (genus of arborescent African cycads; sometimes classified in family Cycadaceae) }
{ encephalartos, cycad,@ genus_Encephalartos,#m (any of numerous cycads of the genus Encephalartos having stout cylindrical trunks and a terminal crown of long often spiny pinnate leaves) }
{ kaffir_bread, Encephalartos_caffer, cycad,@ genus_Encephalartos,#m (South African cycad; the farinaceous pith of the fruit used as food) }
{ genus_Macrozamia, gymnosperm_genus,@ family_Zamiaceae,#m (genus of large evergreen Australian cycads; sometimes classified in family Cycadaceae) }
{ macrozamia, cycad,@ genus_Macrozamia,#m (any treelike cycad of the genus Macrozamia having erect trunks and pinnate leaves and large cones with sometimes edible nuts; Australia) }
{ burrawong, Macrozamia_communis, Macrozamia_spiralis, cycad,@ genus_Macrozamia,#m (large attractive palmlike evergreen cycad of New South Wales) }

{ Bennettitales, order_Bennettitales, plant_order,@ class_Cycadopsida,#m (fossil gymnospermous plants of the Carboniferous) }
{ Bennettitaceae, family_Bennettitaceae, gymnosperm_family,@ order_Bennettitales,#m (a family of fossil gymnospermous plants of the Carboniferous) }
{ Bennettitis, genus_Bennettitis, gymnosperm_genus,@ family_Bennettitaceae,#m (type of the Bennettitales) }

{ Pteridospermopsida, class_Pteridospermopsida, noun.group:class2,@ division_Gymnospermophyta,#m (extinct gymnosperms most of Carboniferous to Jurassic: seed ferns and allies) }
{ Cycadofilicales, order_Cycadofilicales, Lyginopteridales, order_Lyginopteridales, plant_order,@ class_Pteridospermopsida,#m (fossil gymnospermous trees or climbing plants from the Devonian: seed ferns) }
{ Pteridospermae, group_Pteridospermae, Pteridospermaphyta, group_Pteridospermaphyta, noun.group:taxonomic_group,@ (used in some classification systems: a group of extinct fossil gymnosperms coextensive with the order Cycadofilicales) }
{ Lyginopteris, genus_Lyginopteris, gymnosperm_genus,@ order_Cycadofilicales,#m (genus of fossil seed ferns of the Carboniferous) }
{ seed_fern, pteridosperm, gymnosperm,@ (an extinct seed-producing fernlike plant of the order Cycadofilicales (or group Pteridospermae)) }

{ Coniferopsida, class_Coniferopsida, Coniferophytina, subdivision_Coniferophytina, Coniferophyta, noun.group:class2,@ class_Gymnospermae,#m (cone-bearing gymnosperms dating from the Carboniferous period; most are substantial trees; includes the classes Pinopsida (subdivision Pinophytina) and Ginkgopsida (subdivision Ginkgophytina) and Taxopsida (subdivision Taxophytina) which in turn include the surviving orders Coniferales and Taxales (yews) and sometimes Ginkgoales as well as extinct orders such as Cordaitales (of the Carboniferous and Permian)) }
{ Cordaitales, order_Cordaitales, plant_order,@ class_Coniferopsida,#m (extinct plants having tall arborescent trunks comparable to or more advanced than cycads; known from the Pennsylvanian period; probably extinct since the Mesozoic era) }
{ Cordaitaceae, family_Cordaitaceae, gymnosperm_family,@ order_Cordaitales,#m (chiefly Paleozoic plants; Cordaites is the chief and typical genus) }
{ Cordaites, genus_Cordaites, gymnosperm_genus,@ family_Cordaitaceae,#m (tall Paleozoic trees superficially resembling modern screw pines; structurally intermediate in some ways between cycads and conifers) }
{ Pinopsida, class_Pinopsida, Pinophytina, subdivision_Pinophytina, noun.group:class2,@ class_Coniferopsida,#m (most conifers: in some systems classified as a class (Pinopsida) and in others as a subdivision (Pinophytina); used in some classifications for one of five subdivisions of Gymnospermophyta) }
{ Coniferales, order_Coniferales, plant_order,@ class_Coniferopsida,#m (profusely branching and chiefly evergreen trees and some shrubs having narrow or needlelike leaves) }
{ Pinaceae, family_Pinaceae, pine_family, gymnosperm_family,@ order_Coniferales,#m (a family of Pinaceae) }
{ Pinus, genus_Pinus, gymnosperm_genus,@ family_Pinaceae,#m (type genus of the Pinaceae: large genus of true pines) }
{ pine, pine_tree, true_pine, conifer,@ genus_Pinus,#m (a coniferous tree) }
{ pine2, noun.substance:wood,@ pine_tree,#s (straight-grained durable and often resinous white to yellowish timber of any of numerous trees of the genus Pinus) }
{ knotty_pine, pine2,@ (pine lumber with many knots; used especially for paneling and furniture) }
{ white_pine2, pine2,@ white_pine,#s (soft white wood of white pine trees) }
{ yellow_pine2, pine2,@ yellow_pine,#s (hard yellowish wood of a yellow pine) }
{ pinon, pinyon, pine,@ genus_Pinus,#m (any of several low-growing pines of western North America) }
{ nut_pine, pinon,@ (any of several pinons bearing edible nutlike seeds) }
{ pinon_pine, Mexican_nut_pine, Pinus_cembroides, nut_pine,@ genus_Pinus,#m (a small two-needled or three-needled pinon of Mexico and southern Texas) }
{ Rocky_mountain_pinon, Pinus_edulis, nut_pine,@ (small compact two-needled pinon of southwestern United States; important as a nut pine) }
{ single-leaf, single-leaf_pine, single-leaf_pinyon, Pinus_monophylla, nut_pine,@ (pinon of southwestern United States having solitary needles and often many stems; important as a nut pine) }
{ bishop_pine, bishop's_pine, Pinus_muricata, pinon,@ (two-needled or three-needled pinon mostly of northwestern California coast) }
{ California_single-leaf_pinyon, Pinus_californiarum, pinon,@ (very small tree similar to Rocky mountain pinon but having a single needle per fascicle; similar to Parry's pinyon in range) }
{ Parry's_pinyon, Pinus_quadrifolia, Pinus_parryana, pinon,@ (five-needled pinon of southern California and northern Baja California having (sometimes three-needled or four-needled showing hybridization from Pinus californiarum)) }
{ spruce_pine, Pinus_glabra, pine,@ (large two-needled pine of southeastern United States with light soft wood) }
{ black_pine5, Pinus_nigra, pine,@ (large two-needled timber pine of southeastern Europe) }
{ pitch_pine1, northern_pitch_pine, Pinus_rigida, pine,@ (large three-needled pine of the eastern United States and southeastern Canada; closely related to the pond pine) }
{ pond_pine, Pinus_serotina, pine,@ (large three-needled pine of sandy swamps of southeastern United States; needles longer than those of the northern pitch pine) }
{ stone_pine, umbrella_pine1, European_nut_pine, Pinus_pinea, pine,@ (medium-sized two-needled pine of southern Europe having a spreading crown; widely cultivated for its sweet seeds that resemble almonds) }
{ Swiss_pine, Swiss_stone_pine, arolla_pine, cembra_nut_tree, Pinus_cembra, pine,@ (large five-needled European pine; yields cembra nuts and a resinous exudate) }
{ cembra_nut, cedar_nut, nut,@ Swiss_pine,#p (the seed of the Swiss pine) }
{ Swiss_mountain_pine, mountain_pine1, dwarf_mountain_pine, mugho_pine, mugo_pine, Pinus_mugo, pine,@ (low shrubby pine of central Europe with short bright green needles in bunches of two) }
{ ancient_pine, Pinus_longaeva, pine,@ (small slow-growing pine of western United States similar to the bristlecone pine; chocolate brown bark in plates and short needles in bunches of 5; crown conic but becoming rough and twisted; oldest plant in the world growing to 5000 years in cold semidesert mountain tops) }
{ white_pine, pine,@ (any of several five-needled pines with white wood and smooth usually light grey bark when young; especially the eastern white pine) }
{ American_white_pine, eastern_white_pine, weymouth_pine, Pinus_strobus, white_pine,@ (tall-growing pine of eastern North America; bark is brown with longitudinal fissures when mature; valued as a timber tree) }
{ western_white_pine, silver_pine1, mountain_pine2, Pinus_monticola, white_pine,@ (tall pine of western North America with stout blue-green needles; bark is grey-brown with rectangular plates when mature) }
{ southwestern_white_pine, Pinus_strobiformis, white_pine,@ (medium-size pine of northwestern Mexico; bark is dark brown and furrowed when mature) }
{ limber_pine, Pinus_flexilis, white_pine,@ (western North American pine with long needles and very flexible limbs and dark-grey furrowed bark) }
{ whitebark_pine, whitebarked_pine, Pinus_albicaulis, white_pine,@ (small pine of western North America; having smooth grey-white bark and soft brittle wood; similar to limber pine) }
{ yellow_pine, pine,@ (any of various pines having yellow wood) }
{ ponderosa, ponderosa_pine, western_yellow_pine, bull_pine, Pinus_ponderosa, yellow_pine,@ (common and widely distributed tall timber pine of western North America having dark green needles in bunches of 2 to 5 and thick bark with dark brown plates when mature) }
{ Jeffrey_pine, Jeffrey's_pine, black_pine3, Pinus_jeffreyi, pine,@ (tall symmetrical pine of western North America having long blue-green needles in bunches of 3 and elongated cones on spreading somewhat pendulous branches; sometimes classified as a variety of ponderosa pine) }
{ shore_pine, lodgepole, lodgepole_pine, spruce_pine2, Pinus_contorta, pine,@ (shrubby two-needled pine of coastal northwestern United States; red to yellow-brown bark fissured into small squares) }
{ Sierra_lodgepole_pine, Pinus_contorta_murrayana, pine,@ (tall subspecies of lodgepole pine) }
{ loblolly_pine, frankincense_pine, Pinus_taeda, pine,@ (tall spreading three-needled pine of southeastern United States having reddish-brown fissured bark and a full bushy upper head) }
{ jack_pine, Pinus_banksiana, pine,@ (slender medium-sized two-needled pine of eastern North America; with yellow-green needles and scaly grey to red-brown fissured bark) }
{ swamp_pine, pine,@ (any of several pines that prefer or endure moist situations such as loblolly pine or longleaf pine) }
{ longleaf_pine, pitch_pine2, southern_yellow_pine, Georgia_pine, Pinus_palustris, yellow_pine,@ (large three-needled pine of southeastern United States having very long needles and gnarled twisted limbs; bark is red-brown deeply ridged; an important timber tree) }
{ shortleaf_pine, short-leaf_pine, shortleaf_yellow_pine, Pinus_echinata, yellow_pine,@ (large pine of southern United States having short needles in bunches of 2-3 and red-brown bark when mature) }
{ red_pine1, Canadian_red_pine, Pinus_resinosa, pine,@ (pine of eastern North America having long needles in bunches of two and reddish bark) }
{ Scotch_pine, Scots_pine, Scotch_fir, Pinus_sylvestris, pine,@ (medium large two-needled pine of northern Europe and Asia having flaking red-brown bark) }
{ scrub_pine, Virginia_pine, Jersey_pine, Pinus_virginiana, pine,@ (common small shrubby pine of the eastern United States having straggling often twisted or branches and short needles in bunches of 2) }
{ Monterey_pine, Pinus_radiata, pine,@ (tall California pine with long needles in bunches of 3, a dense crown, and dark brown deeply fissured bark) }
{ bristlecone_pine, Rocky_Mountain_bristlecone_pine, Pinus_aristata, pine,@ (small slow-growing upland pine of western United States (Rocky Mountains) having dense branches with fissured rust-brown bark and short needles in bunches of 5 and thorn-tipped cone scales; among the oldest living things some over 4500 years old) }
{ table-mountain_pine, prickly_pine, hickory_pine, Pinus_pungens, pine,@ (a small two-needled upland pine of the eastern United States (Appalachians) having dark brown flaking bark and thorn-tipped cone scales) }
{ knobcone_pine, Pinus_attenuata, pine,@ (medium-sized three-needled pine of the Pacific coast of the United States having a prominent knob on each scale of the cone) }
{ Japanese_red_pine, Japanese_table_pine, Pinus_densiflora, pine,@ (pine native to Japan and Korea having a wide-spreading irregular crown when mature; grown as an ornamental) }
{ Japanese_black_pine, black_pine4, Pinus_thunbergii, pine,@ (large Japanese ornamental having long needles in bunches of 2; widely planted in United States because of its resistance to salt and smog) }
{ Torrey_pine, Torrey's_pine, soledad_pine, grey-leaf_pine, sabine_pine, Pinus_torreyana, pine,@ (medium-sized five-needled pine of southwestern California having long cylindrical cones) }

{ Larix, genus_Larix, gymnosperm_genus,@ family_Pinaceae,#m (larches) }
{ larch, larch_tree, conifer,@ genus_Larix,#m (any of numerous conifers of the genus Larix all having deciduous needlelike leaves) }
{ larch2, noun.substance:wood,@ larch_tree,#s (wood of a larch tree) }
{ American_larch, tamarack, black_larch, Larix_laricina, larch,@ (medium-sized larch of Canada and northern United States including Alaska having a broad conic crown and rust-brown scaly bark) }
{ western_larch, western_tamarack, Oregon_larch, Larix_occidentalis, larch,@ (tall larch of western North America have pale green sharply pointed leaves and oblong cones; an important timber tree) }
{ subalpine_larch, Larix_lyallii, larch,@ (medium-sized larch of the Rocky Mountains; closely related to Larix occidentalis) }
{ European_larch, Larix_decidua, larch,@ (tall European tree having a slender conic crown, flat needlelike leaves, and hairy cone scales) }
{ Siberian_larch, Larix_siberica, Larix_russica, larch,@ (medium-sized larch of northeastern Russia and Siberia having narrowly conic crown and soft narrow bright-green leaves; used in cultivation) }
{ Pseudolarix, genus_Pseudolarix, gymnosperm_genus,@ family_Pinaceae,#m (one species: golden larch) }
{ golden_larch, Pseudolarix_amabilis, conifer,@ genus_Pseudolarix,#m (Chinese deciduous conifer resembling a larch with golden yellow leaves) }

{ Abies, genus_Abies, gymnosperm_genus,@ family_Pinaceae,#m (true firs) }
{ fir, fir_tree, true_fir, conifer,@ genus_Abies,#m (any of various evergreen trees of the genus Abies; chiefly of upland areas) }
{ fir2, noun.substance:wood,@ fir_tree,#s (nonresinous wood of a fir tree) }
{ silver_fir, fir,@ (any of various true firs having leaves white or silvery white beneath) }
{ amabilis_fir, white_fir1, Pacific_silver_fir, red_silver_fir, Christmas_tree1, Abies_amabilis, silver_fir,@ (medium to tall fir of western North America having a conic crown and branches in tiers; leaves smell of orange when crushed) }
{ European_silver_fir, Christmas_tree2, Abies_alba, silver_fir,@ (tall timber tree of central and southern Europe having a regular crown and grey bark) }
{ white_fir2, Colorado_fir, California_white_fir, Abies_concolor, Abies_lowiana, silver_fir,@ (medium to tall fir of central to western United States having a narrow erect crown and soft wood) }
{ balsam_fir, balm_of_Gilead1, Canada_balsam1, Abies_balsamea, silver_fir,@ (medium-sized fir of northeastern North America; leaves smell of balsam when crushed; much used for pulpwood and Christmas trees) }
{ Fraser_fir, Abies_fraseri, silver_fir,@ (small fast-growing but short-lived fir of southern Alleghenies similar to balsam fir but with very short leaves) }
{ lowland_fir, lowland_white_fir, giant_fir, grand_fir, Abies_grandis, silver_fir,@ (lofty fir of the Pacific coast of northwestern America having long curving branches and deep green leaves) }
{ Alpine_fir, subalpine_fir, Abies_lasiocarpa, silver_fir,@ (medium-tall timber tree of the Rocky Mountains having a narrowly conic to columnar crown) }
{ Santa_Lucia_fir, bristlecone_fir, Abies_bracteata, Abies_venusta, fir,@ (a pyramidal fir of southwestern California having spiny pointed leaves and cone scales with long spines) }

{ Cedrus, genus_Cedrus, gymnosperm_genus,@ family_Pinaceae,#m (true cedars) }
{ cedar1, cedar_tree1, true_cedar, conifer,@ genus_Cedrus,#m (any cedar of the genus Cedrus) }
{ cedar3, cedarwood, noun.substance:wood,@ cedar_tree1,#s cedar_tree2,#s (durable aromatic wood of any of numerous cedar trees; especially wood of the red cedar often used for cedar chests) }
{ red_cedar4, cedarwood,@ (fragrant reddish wood of any of various red cedar trees) }
{ pencil_cedar2, red_cedar4,@ pencil_cedar_tree,#s (wood of a pencil cedar tree; used for making pencils) }
{ cedar_of_Lebanon, Cedrus_libani, cedar1,@ (cedar of Lebanon and northwestern Syria that attains great age and height) }
{ deodar, deodar_cedar, Himalayan_cedar, Cedrus_deodara, cedar1,@ (tall East Indian cedar having spreading branches with nodding tips; highly valued for its appearance as well as its timber) }
{ Atlas_cedar, Cedrus_atlantica, cedar1,@ (tall Algerian evergreen of Atlas mountains with blue-green leaves; widely planted as an ornamental) }

{ Picea, genus_Picea, gymnosperm_genus,@ family_Pinaceae,#m (a genus of temperate and Arctic evergreen trees (see spruce)) }
{ spruce, conifer,@ genus_Picea,#m (any coniferous tree of the genus Picea) }
{ spruce2, noun.substance:wood,@ spruce,#s (light soft moderately strong wood of spruce trees; used especially for timbers and millwork) }
{ Norway_spruce, Picea_abies, spruce,@ (tall pyramidal spruce native to northern Europe having dark green foliage on spreading branches with pendulous branchlets and long pendulous cones) }
{ weeping_spruce, Brewer's_spruce, Picea_breweriana, spruce,@ (medium-sized spruce of California and Oregon having pendulous branches) }
{ Engelmann_spruce, Engelmann's_spruce, Picea_engelmannii, spruce,@ (tall spruce of Rocky Mountains and British Columbia with blue-green needles and acutely conic crown; wood used for rough lumber and boxes) }
{ white_spruce, Picea_glauca, spruce,@ (medium-sized spruce of northeastern North America having short blue-green leaves and slender cones) }
{ black_spruce, Picea_mariana, spruce_pine3, spruce,@ (small spruce of boggy areas of northeastern North America having spreading branches with dense foliage; inferior wood) }
{ Siberian_spruce, Picea_obovata, spruce,@ (tall spruce of northern Europe and Asia; resembles Norway spruce) }
{ Sitka_spruce, Picea_sitchensis, spruce,@ (a large spruce that grows only along the northwestern coast of the United States and Canada; has sharp stiff needles and thin bark; the wood has a high ratio of strength to weight) }
{ oriental_spruce, Picea_orientalis, spruce,@ (evergreen tree of the Caucasus and Asia Minor used as an ornamental having pendulous branchlets) }
{ Colorado_spruce, Colorado_blue_spruce, silver_spruce, Picea_pungens, spruce,@ (tall spruce with blue-green needles and dense conic crown; older trees become columnar with lower branches sweeping downward) }
{ red_spruce, eastern_spruce, yellow_spruce, Picea_rubens, spruce,@ (medium-sized spruce of eastern North America; chief lumber spruce of the area; source of pulpwood) }

{ Tsuga, genus_Tsuga, gymnosperm_genus,@ family_Pinaceae,#m (hemlock; hemlock fir; hemlock spruce) }
{ hemlock1, hemlock_tree, conifer,@ genus_Tsuga,#m (an evergreen tree) }
{ hemlock2, noun.substance:wood,@ hemlock_tree,#s (soft coarse splintery wood of a hemlock tree especially the western hemlock) }
{ eastern_hemlock, Canadian_hemlock, spruce_pine4, Tsuga_canadensis, hemlock1,@ (common forest tree of the eastern United States and Canada; used especially for pulpwood) }
{ Carolina_hemlock, Tsuga_caroliniana, hemlock1,@ (medium-sized evergreen of southeastern United States having spreading branches and widely diverging cone scales) }
{ mountain_hemlock, black_hemlock, Tsuga_mertensiana, hemlock1,@ (large evergreen of western United States; wood much harder than Canadian hemlock) }
{ western_hemlock, Pacific_hemlock, west_coast_hemlock, Tsuga_heterophylla, hemlock1,@ (tall evergreen of western North America; commercially important timber tree) }

{ Pseudotsuga, genus_Pseudotsuga, gymnosperm_genus,@ family_Pinaceae,#m (douglas fir; closely related to genera Larix and Cathaya) }
{ douglas_fir, conifer,@ genus_Pseudotsuga,#m (tall evergreen timber tree of western North America having resinous wood and short needles) }
{ douglas_fir2, fir2,@ douglas_fir,#s (strong durable timber of a douglas fir) }
{ green_douglas_fir, douglas_spruce, douglas_pine, douglas_hemlock, Oregon_fir, Oregon_pine, Pseudotsuga_menziesii, douglas_fir,@ (lofty douglas fir of northwestern North America having short needles and egg-shaped cones) }
{ big-cone_spruce, big-cone_douglas_fir, Pseudotsuga_macrocarpa, douglas_fir,@ (douglas fir of California having cones 4-8 inches long) }

{ genus_Cathaya, gymnosperm_genus,@ family_Pinaceae,#m (one species; related to Pseudotsuga and Larix) }
{ Cathaya, conifer,@ genus_Cathaya,#m (Chinese evergreen conifer discovered in 1955; not yet cultivated elsewhere) }

{ Cupressaceae, family_Cupressaceae, cypress_family, gymnosperm_family,@ order_Coniferales,#m (cypresses and junipers and many cedars) }
{ cedar2, cedar_tree2, conifer,@ family_Cupressaceae,#m (any of numerous trees of the family Cupressaceae that resemble cedars) }
{ Cupressus, genus_Cupressus, gymnosperm_genus,@ family_Cupressaceae,#m (type genus of Cupressaceae) }
{ cypress1, cypress_tree, conifer,@ genus_Cupressus,#m (any of numerous evergreen conifers of the genus Cupressus of north temperate regions having dark scalelike leaves and rounded cones) }
{ cypress2, noun.substance:wood,@ cypress_tree,#s (wood of any of various cypress trees especially of the genus Cupressus) }
{ gowen_cypress, Cupressus_goveniana, cypress1,@ (small sometimes shrubby tree native to California; often used as an ornamental; in some classification systems includes the pygmy cypress and the Santa Cruz cypress) }
{ pygmy_cypress, Cupressus_pigmaea, Cupressus_goveniana_pigmaea, cypress1,@ (rare small cypress native to northern California; sometimes considered the same species as gowen cypress) }
{ Santa_Cruz_cypress, Cupressus_abramsiana, Cupressus_goveniana_abramsiana, cypress1,@ (rare California cypress taller than but closely related to gowen cypress and sometimes considered the same species) }
{ Arizona_cypress, Cupressus_arizonica, cypress1,@ (Arizona timber tree with bluish silvery foliage) }
{ Guadalupe_cypress, Cupressus_guadalupensis, cypress1,@ (relatively low wide-spreading endemic on Guadalupe Island; cultivated for its bluish foliage) }
{ Monterey_cypress, Cupressus_macrocarpa, cypress1,@ (tall California cypress endemic on Monterey Bay; widely used for ornament as well as reforestation and shelterbelt planting) }
{ Mexican_cypress, cedar_of_Goa, Portuguese_cypress, Cupressus_lusitanica, cypress1,@ (tall spreading evergreen found in Mexico having drooping branches; believed to have been introduced into Portugal from Goa) }
{ Italian_cypress, Mediterranean_cypress, Cupressus_sempervirens, cypress1,@ (tall Eurasian cypress with thin grey bark and ascending branches) }

{ Athrotaxis, genus_Athrotaxis, gymnosperm_genus,@ family_Cupressaceae,#m (a genus of gymnosperm) }
{ King_William_pine, Athrotaxis_selaginoides, conifer,@ genus_Athrotaxis,#m (evergreen of Tasmanian mountains having sharp-pointed leaves that curve inward) }

{ Austrocedrus, genus_Austrocedrus, gymnosperm_genus,@ family_Cupressaceae,#m (one species; formerly included in genus Libocedrus) }
{ Chilean_cedar, Austrocedrus_chilensis, cedar2,@ genus_Austrocedrus,#m (a small South American evergreen having coppery bark and pretty foliage) }
{ Callitris, genus_Callitris, gymnosperm_genus,@ family_Cupressaceae,#m (evergreen monoecious coniferous trees or shrubs: cypress pines) }
{ cypress_pine, cypress2,@ genus_Callitris,#m (any of several evergreen trees or shrubs of Australia and northern New Caledonia) }
{ Port_Jackson_pine, Callitris_cupressiformis, cypress_pine,@ (Australian cypress pine having globular cones) }
{ black_cypress_pine, red_cypress_pine, Callitris_endlicheri, Callitris_calcarata, cypress_pine,@ (Australian tree with small flattened scales as leaves and numerous dark brown seed; valued for its timber and resin) }
{ white_cypress_pine, Callitris_glaucophylla, Callitris_glauca, cypress_pine,@ (small tree or shrub of southern Australia) }
{ stringybark_pine, Callitris_parlatorei, cypress_pine,@ (Australian cypress pine with fibrous inner bark) }

{ Calocedrus, genus_Calocedrus, gymnosperm_genus,@ family_Cupressaceae,#m (tall evergreens of western North America and eastern Asia; formerly included in genus Libocedrus) }
{ incense_cedar2, red_cedar1, Calocedrus_decurrens, Libocedrus_decurrens, cedar2,@ genus_Calocedrus,#m (tall tree of the Pacific coast of North America having foliage like cypress and cinnamon-red bark) }
{ Chamaecyparis, genus_Chamaecyparis, gymnosperm_genus,@ family_Cupressaceae,#m (a genus of Chamaecyparis) }
{ southern_white_cedar, coast_white_cedar, Atlantic_white_cedar, white_cypress, white_cedar1, Chamaecyparis_thyoides, cedar2,@ genus_Chamaecyparis,#m (slow-growing medium-sized cedar of east coast of the United States; resembles American arborvitae) }
{ Oregon_cedar, Port_Orford_cedar, Lawson's_cypress, Lawson's_cedar, Chamaecyparis_lawsoniana, cedar2,@ genus_Chamaecyparis,#m (large timber tree of western North America with trunk diameter to 12 feet and height to 200 feet) }
{ Port_Orford_cedar2, cedarwood,@ Oregon_cedar,#s (the wood of the Port Orford cedar tree) }
{ yellow_cypress, yellow_cedar, Nootka_cypress, Alaska_cedar, Chamaecyparis_nootkatensis, cedar2,@ genus_Chamaecyparis,#m (tall evergreen of the Pacific coast of North America often cultivated for ornament) }
{ Cryptomeria, genus_Cryptomeria, gymnosperm_genus,@ family_Cupressaceae,#m (Japanese cedar; sugi) }
{ Japanese_cedar, Japan_cedar, sugi, Cryptomeria_japonica, cedar2,@ genus_Cryptomeria,#m (tall evergreen of Japan and China yielding valuable soft wood) }

{ Juniperus, genus_Juniperus, gymnosperm_genus,@ family_Cupressaceae,#m (junipers) }
{ juniper, cypress2,@ genus_Juniperus,#m (coniferous shrub or small tree with berrylike cones) }
{ juniper_berry, fruit,@ juniper,#p (berrylike fruit of a plant of the genus Juniperus especially the berrylike cone of the common juniper) }
{ pencil_cedar, pencil_cedar_tree, juniper,@ genus_Juniperus,#m (any of several junipers with wood suitable for making pencils) }
{ eastern_red_cedar, red_cedar2, red_juniper, Juniperus_virginiana, pencil_cedar_tree,@ (small juniper found east of Rocky Mountains having a conic crown, brown bark that peels in shreds, and small sharp needles) }
{ Bermuda_cedar, Juniperus_bermudiana, pencil_cedar_tree,@ genus_Juniperus,#m (ornamental densely pyramidal juniper of Bermuda; fairly large for a juniper) }
{ east_African_cedar, Juniperus_procera, pencil_cedar_tree,@ genus_Juniperus,#m (tropical African timber tree with fragrant wood) }
{ southern_red_cedar, Juniperus_silicicola, juniper,@ (juniper of swampy coastal regions of southeastern United States; similar to eastern red cedar) }
{ dwarf_juniper1, savin, Juniperus_sabina, juniper,@ (procumbent or spreading juniper) }
{ common_juniper, Juniperus_communis, juniper,@ (densely branching shrub or small tree having pungent blue berries used to flavor gin; widespread in northern hemisphere; only conifer on coasts of Iceland and Greenland) }
{ ground_cedar1, dwarf_juniper2, Juniperus_communis_depressa, juniper,@ (a procumbent variety of the common juniper) }
{ creeping_juniper, Juniperus_horizontalis, juniper,@ (low to prostrate shrub of Canada and northern United States; bronzed purple in winter) }
{ Mexican_juniper, drooping_juniper, Juniperus_flaccida, juniper,@ (small tree of western Texas and mountains of Mexico having spreading branches with drooping branchlets) }
{ Libocedrus, genus_Libocedrus, gymnosperm_genus,@ family_Cupressaceae,#m (cypresses that resemble cedars) }
{ incense_cedar1, cedar2,@ genus_Libocedrus,#m (any of several attractive trees of southwestern South America and New Zealand and New Caledonia having glossy evergreen leaves and scented wood) }
{ kawaka, Libocedrus_plumosa, cedar2,@ genus_Libocedrus,#m (New Zealand timber tree resembling the cypress) }
{ pahautea, Libocedrus_bidwillii, mountain_pine3, cedar2,@ genus_Libocedrus,#m (evergreen tree of New Zealand resembling the kawaka) }
{ Taxodiaceae, subfamily_Taxodiaceae, redwood_family, gymnosperm_family,@ family_Cupressaceae,#m (coniferous trees; traditionally considered an independent family though recently included in Cupressaceae in some classification systems) }

{ genus_Metasequoia, gymnosperm_genus,@ family_Cupressaceae,#m (genus of deciduous conifers comprising both living and fossil forms; 1 extant species: dawn redwood of China; variously classified as member of Pinaceae or Taxodiaceae) }
{ metasequoia, dawn_redwood, Metasequoia_glyptostrodoides, conifer,@ genus_Metasequoia,#m (large fast-growing Chinese monoecious tree having flat bright-green deciduous leaves and small globular cones; commonly cultivated in United States as an ornamental; known as a fossil before being discovered in China) }


{ genus_Sequoia, gymnosperm_genus,@ family_Cupressaceae,#m (redwoods; until recently considered a genus of a separate family Taxodiaceae) }
{ sequoia, redwood, cypress2,@ family_Cupressaceae,#m (either of two huge coniferous California trees that reach a height of 300 feet; sometimes placed in the Taxodiaceae) }
{ redwood2, noun.substance:wood,@ sequoia,#s (the soft reddish wood of either of two species of sequoia trees) }
{ California_redwood, coast_redwood, Sequoia_sempervirens, sequoia,@ genus_Sequoia,#m (lofty evergreen of United States coastal foothills from Oregon to Big Sur; it flourishes in wet, rainy, foggy habitats) }
{ Sequoiadendron, genus_Sequoiadendron, plant_genus,@ family_Cupressaceae,#m (giant sequoias; sometimes included in the genus Sequoia; until recently placed in the Taxodiaceae) }
{ giant_sequoia, big_tree, Sierra_redwood, Sequoiadendron_giganteum, Sequoia_gigantea, Sequoia_Wellingtonia, sequoia,@ genus_Sequoiadendron,#m (extremely lofty evergreen of southern end of western foothills of Sierra Nevada in California; largest living organism) }

{ Taxodium, genus_Taxodium, gymnosperm_genus,@ family_Cupressaceae,#m (bald cypress; swamp cypress) }
{ bald_cypress, swamp_cypress, pond_bald_cypress, southern_cypress, Taxodium_distichum, cypress2,@ genus_Taxodium,#m (common cypress of southeastern United States having trunk expanded at base; found in coastal swamps and flooding river bottoms) }
{ pond_cypress, bald_cypress2, Taxodium_ascendens, cypress2,@ genus_Taxodium,#m (smaller than and often included in the closely related Taxodium distichum) }
{ Montezuma_cypress, Mexican_swamp_cypress, Taxodium_mucronatum, cypress2,@ genus_Taxodium,#m (cypress of river valleys of Mexican highlands) }
{ Ahuehuete, Tule_tree, Montezuma_cypress,@ noun.location:Mexico,#p (Mexico's most famous tree; a giant specimen of Montezuma cypress more than 2,000 years old with a girth of 165 feet at Santa Maria del Tule; "some say the Tule tree is the world's largest single biomass") }

{ Tetraclinis, genus_Tetraclinis, gymnosperm_genus,@ family_Cupressaceae,#m (sandarac tree) }
{ sandarac1, sandarac_tree, Tetraclinis_articulata, Callitris_quadrivalvis, cypress2,@ (large coniferous evergreen tree of North Africa and Spain having flattened branches and scalelike leaves yielding a hard fragrant wood; bark yields a resin used in varnishes) }
{ sandarac, sandarach, noun.substance:natural_resin,@ sandarac_tree,#s (a brittle and faintly aromatic translucent resin used in varnishes) }
{ sandarac2, citronwood2, noun.substance:wood,@ sandarac_tree,#s (durable fragrant wood; used in building (as in the roof of the cathedral at Cordova, Spain)) }
{ Thuja, genus_Thuja, gymnosperm_genus,@ family_Cupressaceae,#m (red cedar) }
{ arborvitae, conifer,@ (any of several Asian and North American conifers of the genera Thuja and Thujopsis) }
{ western_red_cedar, red_cedar3, canoe_cedar, Thuja_plicata, arborvitae,@ genus_Thuja,#m (large valuable arborvitae of northwestern United States) }
{ American_arborvitae, northern_white_cedar, white_cedar2, Thuja_occidentalis, arborvitae,@ genus_Thuja,#m (small evergreen of eastern North America having tiny scalelike leaves on flattened branchlets) }
{ Oriental_arborvitae, Thuja_orientalis, Platycladus_orientalis, arborvitae,@ genus_Thuja,#m (Asiatic shrub or small tree widely planted in United States and Europe; in some classifications assigned to its own genus) }
{ Thujopsis, genus_Thujopsis, gymnosperm_genus,@ family_Cupressaceae,#m (one species; has close similarity to genus Thuja) }
{ hiba_arborvitae, Thujopsis_dolobrata, arborvitae,@ genus_Thujopsis,#m (slow-growing medium-large Japanese evergreen used as an ornamental) }
{ genus_Keteleeria, gymnosperm_genus,@ family_Pinaceae,#m (a genus of keteleeria) }
{ keteleeria, conifer,@ genus_Keteleeria,#m (Asiatic conifers resembling firs) }

{ Araucariaceae, family_Araucariaceae, araucaria_family, gymnosperm_family,@ order_Coniferales,#m (tall evergreen cone-bearing trees of South America and Australia with broad leathery leaves; in some classifications included in the Pinaceae) }
{ Wollemi_pine, conifer,@ family_Araucariaceae,#m (newly discovered (1994) pine thought to have been long extinct; Australia; genus and species names not yet assigned) }
{ genus_Araucaria, gymnosperm_genus,@ family_Araucariaceae,#m (a genus of the araucaria family) }
{ araucaria, conifer,@ genus_Araucaria,#m (any of several tall South American or Australian trees with large cones and edible seeds) }
{ monkey_puzzle, chile_pine, Araucaria_araucana, araucaria,@ (large Chilean evergreen conifer having intertwined branches and bearing edible nuts) }
{ norfolk_island_pine, Araucaria_heterophylla, Araucaria_excelsa, araucaria,@ (evergreen of Australia and Norfolk Island in the South Pacific) }
{ new_caledonian_pine, Araucaria_columnaris, araucaria,@ (very tall evergreen of New Caledonia and the New Hebrides similar to norfolk island pine) }
{ bunya_bunya, bunya_bunya_tree, Araucaria_bidwillii, araucaria,@ (Australian conifer bearing two-inch seeds tasting like roasted chestnuts; among the aborigines the tree is hereditary property protected by law) }
{ hoop_pine, Moreton_Bay_pine, Araucaria_cunninghamii, araucaria,@ (pine of Australia and New Guinea; yields a valuable light even-textured wood) }
{ Agathis, genus_Agathis, gymnosperm_genus,@ family_Araucariaceae,#m (kauri pine) }
{ kauri_pine, dammar_pine, conifer,@ genus_Agathis,#m (any of various trees of the genus Agathis; yield dammar resin) }
{ kauri2, noun.substance:wood,@ kauri_pine,#s (white close-grained wood of a tree of the genus Agathis especially Agathis australis) }
{ kauri, kaury, Agathis_australis, kauri_pine,@ genus_Agathis,#m (tall timber tree of New Zealand having white straight-grained wood) }
{ amboina_pine, amboyna_pine, Agathis_dammara, Agathis_alba, kauri_pine,@ (native to the Moluccas and Philippines; a source of dammar resin) }
{ dundathu_pine, queensland_kauri, smooth_bark_kauri, Agathis_robusta, kauri_pine,@ genus_Agathis,#m (Australian timber tree resembling the kauri but having wood much lighter in weight and softer) }
{ red_kauri, Agathis_lanceolata, kauri_pine,@ genus_Agathis,#m (New Zealand tree with glossy leaves and scaly reddish-brown bark) }

{ Cephalotaxaceae, family_Cephalotaxaceae, plum-yew_family, gymnosperm_family,@ order_Coniferales,#m (a family of Cephalotaxaceae) }
{ Cephalotaxus, genus_Cephalotaxus, gymnosperm_genus,@ family_Cephalotaxaceae,#m (the genus of Cephalotaxus (see plum-yews)) }
{ plum-yew, conifer,@ genus_Cephalotaxus,#m (any of several evergreen trees and shrubs of eastern Asia resembling yew and having large seeds enclosed in a fleshy envelope; sometimes cultivated as ornamentals) }
{ Torreya, genus_Torreya, gymnosperm_genus,@ family_Cephalotaxaceae,#m (nutmeg-yews) }
{ California_nutmeg, nutmeg-yew, Torreya_californica, yew,@ genus_Torreya,#m (California evergreen having a fruit resembling a nutmeg but with a strong turpentine flavor) }
{ stinking_cedar, stinking_yew, Torrey_tree, Torreya_taxifolia, yew,@ genus_Torreya,#m (rare small evergreen of northern Florida; its glossy green leaves have an unpleasant fetid smell when crushed) }

{ Phyllocladaceae, family_Phyllocladaceae, gymnosperm_family,@ order_Coniferales,#m (a family of Phyllocladaceae) }
{ Phyllocladus, genus_Phyllocladus, gymnosperm_genus,@ family_Phyllocladaceae,#m (celery pine) }
{ celery_pine, conifer,@ genus_Phyllocladus,#m (Australasian evergreen conifer having a graceful head of foliage resembling celery that is composed of phyllodes borne in the axils of scalelike leaves) }
{ celery_top_pine, celery-topped_pine, Phyllocladus_asplenifolius, celery_pine,@ (medium tall celery pine of Tasmania) }
{ tanekaha, Phyllocladus_trichomanoides, celery_pine,@ (medium tall celery pine of New Zealand) }
{ Alpine_celery_pine, Phyllocladus_alpinus, celery_pine,@ (small shrubby celery pine of New Zealand) }

{ yellowwood, yellowwood_tree, tree,@ (any of various trees having yellowish wood or yielding a yellow extract) }
{ gymnospermous_yellowwood, yellowwood,@ (any of various gymnospermous trees having yellow wood) }
{ angiospermous_yellowwood, yellowwood,@ (any of various angiospermous trees having yellow wood) }
{ yellowwood2, noun.substance:wood,@ yellowwood_tree,#s (the yellow wood of any of various yellowwood trees) }


{ Podocarpaceae, family_Podocarpaceae, podocarpus_family, gymnosperm_family,@ order_Coniferales,#m (gymnosperms with simple persistent needlelike or scalelike leaves) }
{ Podocarpus, genus_Podocarpus, gymnosperm_genus,@ family_Podocarpaceae,#m (evergreen trees or shrubs; sometimes classified as member of the family Taxaceae) }
{ podocarp, conifer,@ genus_Podocarpus,#m (any evergreen in the southern hemisphere of the genus Podocarpus having a pulpy fruit with one hard seed) }
{ yacca, yacca_podocarp, Podocarpus_coriaceus, conifer,@ genus_Podocarpus,#m (West Indian evergreen with medium to long leaves) }
{ brown_pine, Rockingham_podocarp, Podocarpus_elatus, conifer,@ genus_Podocarpus,#m (large Australian tree with straight-grained yellow wood that turns brown on exposure) }
{ cape_yellowwood, African_yellowwood, Podocarpus_elongatus, conifer,@ genus_Podocarpus,#m (South African tree or shrub having a rounded crown) }
{ South-African_yellowwood, Podocarpus_latifolius, gymnospermous_yellowwood,@ genus_Podocarpus,#m (erect or shrubby tree of Africa having ridged dark grey bark and rigid glossy medium to long leaves) }
{ alpine_totara, Podocarpus_nivalis, shrub,@ genus_Podocarpus,#m (low wide-spreading coniferous shrub of New Zealand mountains) }
{ totara, Podocarpus_totara, conifer,@ genus_Podocarpus,#m (valuable timber tree of New Zealand yielding hard reddish wood used for furniture and bridges and wharves) }
{ Afrocarpus, genus_Afrocarpus, gymnosperm_genus,@ family_Podocarpaceae,#m (dioecious evergreen trees or shrubs; equatorial to southern and southeastern Africa: yellowwood; similar to trees or genus Podocarpus) }
{ common_yellowwood, bastard_yellowwood, Afrocarpus_falcata, gymnospermous_yellowwood,@ genus_Afrocarpus,#m (medium-sized tree of South Africa) }
{ Dacrycarpus, genus_Dacrycarpus, gymnosperm_genus,@ family_Podocarpaceae,#m (evergreen coniferous shrubs or trees of New Zealand to Malaysia and Philippines) }
{ kahikatea, New_Zealand_Dacryberry, New_Zealand_white_pine, Dacrycarpus_dacrydioides, Podocarpus_dacrydioides, conifer,@ (New Zealand evergreen valued for its light easily worked wood) }
{ Dacrydium, genus_Dacrydium, gymnosperm_genus,@ family_Podocarpaceae,#m (Australasian evergreen trees or shrubs) }
{ rimu, imou_pine, red_pine2, Dacrydium_cupressinum, conifer,@ genus_Dacrydium,#m (tall New Zealand timber tree) }
{ tarwood2, tar-wood2, Dacrydium_colensoi, conifer,@ genus_Dacrydium,#m (New Zealand silver pine of conical habit with long slender flexuous branches; adapted to cold wet summers and high altitudes) }
{ Falcatifolium, genus_Falcatifolium, gymnosperm_genus,@ family_Podocarpaceae,#m (sickle pines: dioecious evergreen tropical trees and shrubs having sickle-shaped leaves; similar to Dacrycarpus in habit; Malaysia and Philippines to New Guinea and New Caledonia) }
{ common_sickle_pine, Falcatifolium_falciforme, conifer,@ genus_Falcatifolium,#m (small tropical rain forest tree of Indonesia and Malaysia) }
{ yellow-leaf_sickle_pine, Falcatifolium_taxoides, conifer,@ genus_Falcatifolium,#m (a rain forest tree or shrub of New Caledonia having a conic crown and pale green sickle-shaped leaves; host species for the rare parasite yew) }
{ Halocarpus, genus_Halocarpus, gymnosperm_genus,@ family_Podocarpaceae,#m (dioecious trees or shrubs of New Zealand; similar in habit to Dacrydium) }
{ tarwood1, tar-wood1, New_Zealand_mountain_pine, Halocarpus_bidwilli, Dacrydium_bidwilli, conifer,@ genus_Halocarpus,#m (New Zealand shrub) }
{ Lagarostrobus, genus_Lagarostrobus, gymnosperm_genus,@ family_Podocarpaceae,#m (genus of dioecious evergreen trees of New Zealand and Tasmania; similar to genus Dacrydium) }
{ westland_pine, silver_pine2, Lagarostrobus_colensoi, conifer,@ (timber tree of New Zealand having shiny white wood) }
{ huon_pine, Lagarostrobus_franklinii, Dacrydium_franklinii, conifer,@ genus_Lagarostrobus,#m (Tasmanian timber tree with yellow aromatic wavy-grained wood used for carving and ship building; sometimes placed in genus Dacrydium) }
{ Lepidothamnus, genus_Lepidothamnus, gymnosperm_genus,@ family_Podocarpaceae,#m (small usually shrubby conifers) }
{ Chilean_rimu, Lepidothamnus_fonkii, shrub,@ genus_Lepidothamnus,#m (about the hardiest Podocarpaceae species; prostrate spreading shrub similar to mountain rimu; mountains of southern Chile) }
{ mountain_rimu, Lepidothamnus_laxifolius, Dacridium_laxifolius, shrub,@ genus_Lepidothamnus,#m (low-growing to prostrate shrub with slender trailing branches; New Zealand) }
{ Microstrobos, genus_Microstrobos, gymnosperm_genus,@ family_Podocarpaceae,#m (2 species of small evergreen shrubs of Australia and Tasmania) }
{ Tasman_dwarf_pine, Microstrobos_niphophilus, shrub,@ genus_Microstrobos,#m (small shrub or Tasmania having short stiff branches) }
{ Nageia, genus_Nageia, gymnosperm_genus,@ family_Podocarpaceae,#m (small genus of Asian evergreen trees having columnar crowns and distinguished by leaves lacking a midrib; eastern Asia including India and Philippines and New Guinea) }
{ nagi, Nageia_nagi, conifer,@ genus_Nageia,#m (medium-sized tree having glossy lanceolate leaves; southern China to Taiwan and southern Japan) }
{ Parasitaxus, genus_Parasitaxus, gymnosperm_genus,@ family_Podocarpaceae,#m (one species: parasite yew) }
{ parasite_yew, Parasitaxus_ustus, parasitic_plant,@ genus_Parasitaxus,#m (rare and endangered monoecious parasitic conifer of New Caledonia; parasitic on Falcatifolium taxoides) }
{ Prumnopitys, genus_Prumnopitys, gymnosperm_genus,@ family_Podocarpaceae,#m (mostly dioecious evergreen conifers; leaves are softer than in Podocarpus) }
{ miro, black_pine1, Prumnopitys_ferruginea, Podocarpus_ferruginea, conifer,@ genus_Prumnopitys,#m (New Zealand conifer used for lumber; the dark wood is used for interior carpentry) }
{ matai, black_pine2, Prumnopitys_taxifolia, Podocarpus_spicata, conifer,@ genus_Prumnopitys,#m (conifer of Australia and New Zealand) }
{ plum-fruited_yew, Prumnopitys_andina, Prumnopitys_elegans, conifer,@ genus_Prumnopitys,#m (South American evergreen tree or shrub) }
{ Retrophyllum, genus_Retrophyllum, gymnosperm_genus,@ family_Podocarpaceae,#m (small genus of tropical evergreen dioecious shrubs or trees of Oceania and tropical South America) }
{ Saxe-gothea, Saxegothea, genus_Saxe-gothea, genus_Saxegothea, gymnosperm_genus,@ family_Podocarpaceae,#m (one species: Prince Albert's yew) }
{ Prince_Albert_yew, Prince_Albert's_yew, Saxe-gothea_conspicua, conifer,@ genus_Saxe-gothea,#m (small yew having attractive foliage and partially weeping branches cultivated as an ornamental; mountains of southern Chile) }
{ Sundacarpus, genus_Sundacarpus, gymnosperm_genus,@ family_Podocarpaceae,#m (one species) }
{ Sundacarpus_amara, Prumnopitys_amara, Podocarpus_amara, conifer,@ genus_Sundacarpus,#m (a large fast-growing monoecious tropical evergreen tree having large glossy lanceolate leaves; of rain forests of Sumatra and Philippines to northern Queensland) }

{ Sciadopityaceae, family_Sciadopityaceae, gymnosperm_family,@ order_Coniferales,#m (family comprising a single genus that until recently was considered part of Taxodiaceae) }
{ Sciadopitys, genus_Sciadopitys, gymnosperm_genus,@ family_Sciadopityaceae,#m (type and sole genus of Sciadopityaceae; Japanese umbrella pines) }
{ Japanese_umbrella_pine, Sciadopitys_verticillata, conifer,@ genus_Sciadopitys,#m (tall evergreen having a symmetrical spreading crown and needles growing in whorls that resemble umbrellas at ends of twigs) }

{ Taxopsida, class_Taxopsida, Taxophytina, subdivision_Taxophytina, noun.group:class2,@ class_Coniferopsida,#m (yews: in some systems classified as a class (Taxopsida) and in others as a subdivision (Taxophytina) used in some classifications for one of five subdivisions of Gymnospermophyta) }

{ Taxales, order_Taxales, plant_order,@ class_Coniferopsida,#m (coextensive with the family Taxaceae: yews) }
{ Taxaceae, family_Taxaceae, yew_family, gymnosperm_family,@ order_Coniferales,#m (sometimes classified as member of order Taxales) }
{ Taxus, genus_Taxus, gymnosperm_genus,@ family_Taxaceae,#m (yews) }
{ yew, conifer,@ family_Taxaceae,#m (any of numerous evergreen trees or shrubs having red cup-shaped berries and flattened needlelike leaves) }
{ yew2, noun.substance:wood,@ yew,#s (wood of a yew; especially the durable fine-grained light brown or red wood of the English yew valued for cabinetwork and archery bows) }
{ Old_World_yew, English_yew, Taxus_baccata, yew,@ genus_Taxus,#m (predominant yew in Europe; extraordinarily long-lived and slow growing; one of the oldest species in the world) }
{ Pacific_yew, California_yew, western_yew, Taxus_brevifolia, yew,@ genus_Taxus,#m (small or medium irregularly branched tree of the Pacific coast of North America; yields fine hard close-grained wood) }
{ Japanese_yew, Taxus_cuspidata, yew,@ genus_Taxus,#m (shrubby hardy evergreen of China and Japan having lustrous dark green foliage; cultivated in the eastern United States) }
{ Florida_yew, Taxus_floridana, yew,@ genus_Taxus,#m (small bushy yew of northern Florida having spreading branches and very narrow leaves) }
{ Austrotaxus, genus_Austrotaxus, gymnosperm_genus,@ family_Taxaceae,#m (a gymnosperm genus having one species: New Caledonian yew) }
{ New_Caledonian_yew, Austrotaxus_spicata, yew,@ genus_Austrotaxus,#m (large yew native to New Caledonia; cultivated in eastern Australia and New Zealand and Hawaii) }
{ Pseudotaxus, genus_Pseudotaxus, gymnosperm_genus,@ family_Taxaceae,#m (one species) }
{ white-berry_yew, Pseudotaxus_chienii, yew,@ genus_Pseudotaxus,#m (yew of southeastern China, differing from the Old World yew in having white berries) }

{ Ginkgopsida, class_Ginkgopsida, Ginkgophytina, class_Ginkgophytina, subdivision_Ginkgophytina, subdivision_Ginkgophyta, noun.group:class2,@ class_Gymnospermae,#m (ginkgos: in some systems classified as a class and in others as a subdivision; used in some classifications for one of five subdivisions of Gymnospermophyta) }
{ Ginkgoales, order_Ginkgoales, plant_order,@ class_Ginkgopsida,#m (coextensive with the family Ginkgoaceae: plants that first appeared in the Permian and now represented by a single surviving species; often included in Coniferales) }
{ Ginkgoaceae, family_Ginkgoaceae, ginkgo_family, gymnosperm_family,@ order_Ginkgoales,#m (constituting the order Ginkgoales; includes the genus Ginkgo and extinct forms) }
{ genus_Ginkgo, gymnosperm_genus,@ family_Ginkgoaceae,#m (sole surviving genus of the Ginkgoaceae) }
{ ginkgo, gingko, maidenhair_tree, Ginkgo_biloba, gymnospermous_tree,@ (deciduous dioecious Chinese tree having fan-shaped leaves and fleshy yellow seeds; exists almost exclusively in cultivation especially as an ornamental street tree) }

{ Pteropsida, subdivision_Pteropsida, noun.group:division4,@ division_Tracheophyta,#m (used in former classifications to include all ferns and flowering plants and divided into the three classes Filicinae and Gymnospermae and Angiospermae) }
{ Angiospermae, class_Angiospermae, Magnoliophyta, division_Magnoliophyta, Anthophyta, division_Anthophyta, noun.group:class2,@ division_Spermatophyta,#m (comprising flowering plants that produce seeds enclosed in an ovary; in some systems considered a class (Angiospermae) and in others a division (Magnoliophyta or Anthophyta)) }
{ [ angiosperm, adj.pert:angiospermous,+ ] flowering_plant, spermatophyte,@ class_Angiospermae,#m (plants having seeds in a closed ovary) }
{ [ angiocarp, adj.pert:angiocarpous,+ ] angiosperm,@ (tree bearing fruit enclosed in a shell or involucre or husk) }
{ Dicotyledones, class_Dicotyledones, Dicotyledonae, class_Dicotyledonae, Magnoliopsida, class_Magnoliopsida, noun.group:class2,@ class_Angiospermae,#m (comprising seed plants that produce an embryo with paired cotyledons and net-veined leaves; divided into six (not always well distinguished) subclasses (or superorders): Magnoliidae and Hamamelidae (considered primitive); Caryophyllidae (an early and distinctive offshoot); and three more or less advanced groups: Dilleniidae; Rosidae; Asteridae) }
{ dicot, dicotyledon, magnoliopsid, [ exogen, adj.all:exogenic,+ ] angiosperm,@ class_Dicotyledones,#m (flowering plant with two cotyledons; the stem grows by deposit on its outside) }

{ Magnoliidae, subclass_Magnoliidae, ranalian_complex, noun.group:class2,@ class_Dicotyledones,#m (a group of families of trees and shrubs and herbs having well-developed perianths and apocarpous ovaries and generally regarded as the most primitive extant flowering plants; contains 36 families including Magnoliaceae and Ranunculaceae; sometimes classified as a superorder) }

(==)
{ Monocotyledones, class_Monocotyledones, Monocotyledonae, class_Monocotyledonae, Liliopsida, class_Liliopsida, noun.group:class2,@ class_Angiospermae,#m (comprising seed plants that produce an embryo with a single cotyledon and parallel-veined leaves: includes grasses and lilies and palms and orchids; divided into four subclasses or superorders: Alismatidae; Arecidae; Commelinidae; and Liliidae) }(==families Gramineae; Musaceae; Agavaceae; Liliaceae; Amaryllidaceae; Orchidaceae; Araceae; Iridaceae; Bromeliaceae; etc.)
{ monocot, [ monocotyledon, adj.all:monocotyledonous,+ ] liliopsid, [ endogen, adj.all:endogenic,+ ] angiosperm,@ class_Monocotyledones,#m (a monocotyledonous flowering plant; the stem grows by deposits on its inside) }

{ Alismatidae, subclass_Alismatidae, noun.group:class2,@ class_Monocotyledones,#m (one of four subclasses or superorders of Monocotyledones; comprises about 500 species in 14 families of aquatic and semiaquatic herbs) }
{ Arecidae, subclass_Arecidae, noun.group:class2,@ class_Monocotyledones,#m (one of four subclasses or superorder of Monocotyledones; comprises about 6400 species in 5 families of trees and shrubs and terrestrial herbs and a few free-floating aquatics including: Palmae; Araceae; Pandanaceae and Lemnaceae) }(==orders Palmales; Arales; Pandanales)
{ Commelinidae, subclass_Commelinidae, noun.group:class2,@ class_Monocotyledones,#m (one of four subclasses or superorders of Monocotyledones; comprises about 19,000 species in 25 families of mostly terrestrial herbs especially of moist places including: Cyperaceae; Gramineae; Bromeliaceae; and Zingiberaceae) }

{ [ flower2, verb.change:flower,+ ] [ bloom, verb.change:bloom,+ ] [ blossom, verb.change:blossom1,+ ] reproductive_structure,@ angiosperm,#p (reproductive organ of angiosperm plants especially one having showy or colorful parts) }
{ floret, floweret, flower2,@ (a diminutive flower (especially one that is part of a composite flower)) }
{ [ flower, adj.pert:flowery,+ verb.change:flower,+ ] flowering_plant,@ (a plant cultivated for its blooms or blossoms) }
{ [ bloomer, verb.change:bloom,+ ] flower,@ (a flower that blooms in a particular way; "a night bloomer") }
{ wildflower, wild_flower, flowering_plant,@ wilding,@ (wild or uncultivated flowering plant) }
{ apetalous_flower, flower2,@ (flower having no petals) }
{ flower_head, inflorescence,@ (a shortened compact cluster of flowers so arranged that the whole gives the effect of a single flower as in clover or members of the family Compositae) }
{ inflorescence, flower2,@ (the flowering part of a plant or arrangement of flowers on a stalk) }
{ ray_flower, ray_floret, flower2,@ flower_head,#p (small flower with a flat strap-shaped corolla usually occupying the peripheral rings of a composite flower) }
{ catkin, [ ament, adj.all:productive^amentaceous,+ ] inflorescence,@ (a cylindrical spikelike inflorescence) }
{ [ bud2, verb.change:bud,+ ] flower2,@ (a partially opened flower) }
{ rosebud, bud2,@ (the bud of a rose) }
{ stamen, reproductive_structure,@ flower2,#p (the male reproductive organ of a flower) }
{ [ anther, adj.all:male^antheral,+ ] reproductive_structure,@ stamen,#p (the part of the stamen that contains pollen; usually borne on a stalk) }
{ gynostegium, plant_part,@ stamen,#p (the crown of the stamen in plants of the genus Asclepias) }
{ [ pollen, verb.body:pollinate,+ ] spore,@ (the fine spores that contain male gametes and that are borne by an anther in a flowering plant) }
{ pollinium, pollen,@ (a coherent mass of pollen grains (as in orchids)) }
{ reproductive_structure, plant_organ,@ (the parts of a plant involved in its reproduction) }
{ pistil, reproductive_structure,@ flower2,#p (the female ovule-bearing part of a flower composed of ovary and style and stigma) }
{ gynobase, receptacle,@ (the enlarged receptacle in which the pistil is borne) }
{ gynophore, stalk,@ (the stalk of a pistil that raises it above the receptacle) }
{ simple_pistil, pistil,@ (consists of one carpel) }
{ compound_pistil, pistil,@ (consists of two or more fused carpels) }
{ pistillode, pistil,@ (a sterile vestigial pistil remaining in a staminate flower) }
{ style, reproductive_structure,@ pistil,#p noun.cognition:botany,;c ((botany) the narrow elongated part of the pistil between the ovary and the stigma) }
{ stylopodium, style,@ (an enlargement at the base of the style in some Umbelliferae) }
{ stigma, reproductive_structure,@ style,#p (the apical end of the style where deposited pollen enters the pistil) }
{ [ carpel, adj.pert:carpellary,+ ] pistil,@ flower2,#p (a simple pistil or one element of a compound pistil) }
{ carpophore, stalk,@ (a slender stalk that furnishes an axis for a carpel) }
{ cornstalk, corn_stalk, stalk,@ corn,#p (the stalk of a corn plant) }
{ filament, stalk,@ (the stalk of a stamen) }
{ funicle, funiculus, stalk,@ (the stalk of a plant ovule or seed) }
{ petiolule, stalk,@ (the stalk of a leaflet) }
{ mericarp, carpel,@ (a carpel with one seed; one of a pair split apart at maturity) }
{ [ hilum, adj.pert:hilar,+ ] noun.location:point,@ (the scar on certain seeds marking its point of attachment to the funicle) }
{ ovary, reproductive_structure,@ flower2,#p (the organ that bears the ovules of a flower) }
{ [ ovule, adj.pert:ovular2,+ ] reproductive_structure,@ (a small body that contains the female germ cell of a plant; develops into a seed after fertilization) }
{ chalaza, plant_part,@ ovule,#p (basal part of a plant ovule opposite the micropyle; where integument and nucellus are joined) }
{ nucellus, plant_part,@ ovule,#p (central part of a plant ovule; contains the embryo sac) }
{ micropyle, noun.object:aperture,@ ovule,#p (minute opening in the wall of an ovule through which the pollen tube enters) }
{ amphitropous_ovule, ovule,@ (a partly inverted ovule turned back 90 degrees on its stalk) }
{ anatropous_ovule, ovule,@ (a completely inverted ovule turned back 180 degrees on its stalk) }
{ campylotropous_ovule, ovule,@ (a curved ovule with the micropyle almost touching the funiculus) }
{ orthotropous_ovule, ovule,@ (a completely straight ovule with the micropyle at the apex) }
{ [ stoma1, adj.pert:stomatous1,+ adj.pert:stomatal1,+ ] stomate, pore, noun.object:aperture,@ (a minute epidermal pore in a leaf or stem through which gases and water vapor can pass) }
{ germ_pore, stoma1,@ (a pore in the outer wall of a spore or pollen grain through which the germ tube or pollen tube makes its exit on germination) }
{ germ_tube, plant_part,@ noun.cognition:botany,;c ((botany) a slender tubular outgrowth from a spore in germination) }
{ pollen_tube, plant_part,@ noun.cognition:botany,;c ((botany) a slender tubular outgrowth from a pollen grain when deposited on the stigma for a flower; it penetrates the style and conveys the male gametes to the ovule) }
{ [ placenta, adj.all:placental,+ ] reproductive_structure,@ ovary,#p (that part of the ovary of a flowering plant where the ovules form) }
{ placentation, reproductive_structure,@ (arrangement of the ovules in the placenta and of the placentas in the ovary) }
{ apical_placentation, placentation,@ (where one or few ovules develop at the top of a simple or compound ovary) }
{ axile_placentation, placentation,@ (ovules are borne at or around the center of a compound ovary on an axis formed from joined septa) }
{ basal_placentation, placentation,@ (where one or few ovules develop at the base of a simple or compound ovary) }
{ free_central_placentation, placentation,@ (where ovules develop on a central column in a compound ovary lacking septa or with septa at base only) }
{ lamellate_placentation, placentation,@ (with ovules on thin extensions of the placentae into a compound ovary) }
{ marginal_placentation, ventral_placentation, placentation,@ (with ovules borne on the wall along the ventral suture of a simple ovary) }
{ parietal_placentation, placentation,@ (where ovules develop on the wall or slight outgrowths of the wall forming broken partitions within a compound ovary) }
{ testa, episperm, seed_coat, reproductive_structure,@ seed2,#p (protective outer layer of seeds of flowering plants) }
{ endosperm, reproductive_structure,@ seed2,#p (nutritive tissue surrounding the embryo within seeds of flowering plants) }
{ gemma, reproductive_structure,@ (small asexual reproductive structure in e.g. liverworts and mosses that detaches from the parent and develops into a new individual) }
{ [ cone, adj.pert:conical,+ ] strobilus, strobile, reproductive_structure,@ conifer,#p club_moss,#p horsetail,#p (cone-shaped mass of ovule- or spore-bearing scales or bracts) }
{ fir_cone, cone,@ fir_tree,#p (the seed-producing cone of a fir tree) }
{ galbulus, cone,@ cypress1,#p (the seed-producing cone of a cypress tree) }
{ pinecone, cone,@ pine_tree,#p (the seed-producing cone of a pine tree) }
{ [ septum, adj.pert:septal,+ ] plant_organ,@ (a partition or wall especially in an ovary) }
{ [ shell, verb.change:shell6,+ verb.change:shell,+ verb.contact:shell9,+ ] hull1,@ (the hard usually fibrous outer layer of some fruits especially nuts) }
{ nutshell, shell,@ (the shell around the kernel of a nut) }
{ [ nectary, adj.pert:nectariferous,+ ] honey_gland, plant_organ,@ (a gland (often a protuberance or depression) that secretes nectar) }
{ [ seed2, verb.contact:seed1,+ verb.creation:seed,+ verb.contact:seed,+ ] ovule,@ (a mature fertilized plant ovule consisting of an embryo and its food source and having a protective coat or testa) }
{ pericarp, seed_vessel, noun.object:natural_covering,@ seed2,#p (the ripened and variously modified walls of a plant ovary) }
{ [ epicarp, adj.pert:epicarpal,+ ] exocarp, pericarp,@ (outermost layer of the pericarp of fruits as the skin of a peach or grape) }
{ mesocarp, pericarp,@ (the middle layer of a pericarp) }
{ [ stone, adj.all:hardhearted^stony,+ verb.change:stone,+ ] [ pit, verb.change:pit,+ ] endocarp, pericarp,@ (the hard inner (usually woody) layer of the pericarp of some fruits (as peaches or plums or cherries or olives) that contains the seed; "you should remove the stones from prunes before cooking") }
{ pip, seed,@ (a small hard seed found in some fruits) }
{ [ capsule, adj.pert:capsular,+ ] seed_vessel,@ (a dry dehiscent seed vessel or the spore-containing structure of e.g. mosses) }
{ bilocular_capsule, capsule,@ (a capsule divided into two cells or compartments) }
{ boll, capsule,@ (the rounded seed-bearing capsule of a cotton or flax plant) }
{ silique, siliqua, capsule,@ (narrow elongated seed capsule peculiar to the family Cruciferae) }
{ silicle, silique,@ (short broad silique occurring in some cruciferous plants) }
{ peristome, plant_process,@ capsule,#p noun.cognition:botany,;c ((botany) fringe of toothlike appendages surrounding the mouth of a moss capsule) }
{ haustorium, plant_process,@ (a root-like attachment in parasitic plants that penetrates and obtains food from the host) }
{ cataphyll, leaf,@ (a reduced or scarcely developed leaf at the start of a plant's life (i.e., cotyledons) or in the early stages of leaf development) }
{ cotyledon, seed_leaf, cataphyll,@ (embryonic leaf in seed-bearing plants) }
{ embryo, noun.Tops:plant,@ noun.cognition:botany,;c ((botany) a minute rudimentary plant contained within a seed or an archegonium) }
{ perisperm, plant_tissue,@ (the nutritive tissue outside the sac containing the embryo in some seeds) }
{ monocarp, monocarpic_plant, monocarpous_plant, noun.Tops:plant,@ (a plant that bears fruit once and dies) }
{ sporophyte, noun.Tops:plant,@ (the spore-producing individual or phase in the life cycle of a plant having alternation of generations) }
{ gametophyte, noun.Tops:plant,@ (the gamete-bearing individual or phase in the life cycle of a plant having alternation of generations) }
{ megagametophyte, gametophyte,@ (the female gametophyte produced by the megaspore of a plant that produces both microspore and megaspores) }
{ megasporangium, macrosporangium, sporangium,@ (a plant structure that produces megaspores) }
{ megasporophyll, sporophyll,@ (in non-flowering plants, a sporophyll that bears only megasporangia) }
{ microgametophyte, gametophyte,@ (the male gametophyte produced by a microspore) }
{ microspore, spore,@ (smaller of the two types of spore produced in heterosporous plants; develops in the pollen sac into a male gametophyte) }
{ microsporangium, sporangium,@ (a plant structure that produces microspores) }
{ microsporophyll, sporophyll,@ (in non-flowering plants, a sporophyll that bears only microsporangia) }
{ megaspore, macrospore, spore,@ (larger of the two types of spore produced in heterosporous plants; develops in ovule into a female gametophyte) }
{ [ archespore, adj.pert:archesporial,+ ] [ archesporium, adj.pert:archesporial,+ ] noun.Tops:cell,@ (primitive cell or group of cells from which a mother cell develops) }
{ daughter_cell, noun.Tops:cell,@ (a cell formed by the division or budding of another cell; "anthrax grows by dividing into two daughter cells that are generally identical") }
{ mother_cell, noun.Tops:cell,@ (cell from which another cell of an organism (usually of a different sort) develops; "a sperm cell develops from a sperm mother cell") }
{ spore_mother_cell, mother_cell,@ (cell from which a spore develops) }
{ [ archegonium, adj.pert:archegonial,+ ] plant_organ,@ (a female sex organ occurring in mosses, ferns, and most gymnosperms) }
{ bonduc_nut, nicker_nut, nicker_seed, seed,@ bonduc_tree,#p (hard shiny grey seed of a bonduc tree; used for making e.g. jewelry) }
{ Job's_tears, seed,@ (hard pearly seeds of an Asiatic grass; often used as beads) }
{ oilseed, oil-rich_seed, seed,@ (any of several seeds that yield oil) }
{ castor_bean, oilseed,@ castor-oil_plant,#p (the toxic seed of the castor-oil plant; source of castor oil) }
{ cottonseed, oilseed,@ cotton_plant,#p (seed of cotton plants; source of cottonseed oil) }
{ candlenut2, oilseed,@ candlenut1,#p (seed of candlenut tree; source of soil used in varnishes) }
{ peach_pit, stone,@ (the stone seed of a peach) }
{ cherry_stone, stone,@ (the stone seed of a cherry) }
{ hypanthium, floral_cup, calyx_tube, plant_organ,@ (the cuplike or ringlike or tubular structure of a flower which bears the sepals and stamens and calyx (as in Rosaceae)) }
{ [ petal, adj.all:petalous,+ ] flower_petal, floral_leaf,@ corolla,#p (part of the perianth that is usually brightly colored) }
{ sepal, floral_leaf,@ calyx,#p (one of the green parts that form the calyx of a flower) }
{ mentum, plant_part,@ orchid,#p (a projection like a chin formed by the sepals and base of the column in some orchids) }
{ floral_leaf, leaf,@ flower2,#p (a modified leaf that is part of a flower) }
{ corolla, noun.shape:whorl,@ perianth,#p noun.cognition:botany,;c ((botany) the whorl of petals of a flower that collectively form an inner floral envelope or layer of the perianth; "we cultivate the flower for its corolla") }
{ corona, plant_part,@ corolla,#p noun.cognition:botany,;c ((botany) the trumpet-shaped or cup-shaped outgrowth of the corolla of a daffodil or narcissus flower) }
{ [ calyx, adj.pert:calyceal,+ ] noun.shape:whorl,@ perianth,#p noun.cognition:botany,;c ((botany) the whorl of sepals of a flower collectively forming the outer floral envelope or layer of the perianth enclosing and supporting the developing bud; usually green) }
{ lip, plant_part,@ noun.cognition:botany,;c ((botany) either of the two parts of a bilabiate corolla or calyx) }
{ hull2, calyx,@ (persistent enlarged calyx at base of e.g. a strawberry or raspberry) }
{ epicalyx, false_calyx, calycle, calyculus, bract,@ (a group of bracts simulating a calyx as in a carnation or hibiscus) }
{ perianth, [ chlamys, adj.all:chlamydeous,+ ] floral_envelope, perigone, perigonium, plant_organ,@ noun.object:natural_covering,@ flower2,#p (collective term for the outer parts of a flower consisting of the calyx and corolla and enclosing the stamens and pistils) }
{ pappus, calyx,@ (calyx composed of scales or bristles or featherlike hairs in plants of the Compositae such as thistles and dandelions) }
{ thistledown, pappus,@ (pappus of a thistle consisting of silky featherlike hairs attached to the seed-like fruit of a thistle) }

{ Ranales, order_Ranales, Ranunculales, order_Ranunculales, plant_order,@ subclass_Magnoliidae,#m (herbs, shrubs and trees: includes families Ranunculaceae; Annonaceae; Berberidaceae; Magnoliaceae; Menispermaceae; Myristicaceae; Nymphaeaceae; Lardizabalaceae; Lauraceae; Calycanthaceae; Ceratophyllaceae; Cercidiphyllaceae) }

(++?)
{ Annonaceae, family_Annonaceae, custard-apple_family, magnoliid_dicot_family,@ order_Ranales,#m (chiefly tropical trees or shrubs) }
{ Annona, genus_Annona, magnoliid_dicot_genus,@ family_Annonaceae,#m (type genus of the Annonaceae; tropical American trees or shrubs) }
{ custard_apple, custard_apple_tree, fruit_tree,@ genus_Annona,#m (any of several tropical American trees bearing fruit with soft edible pulp) }
{ cherimoya, cherimoya_tree, Annona_cherimola, custard_apple,@ (small tropical American tree bearing round or oblong fruit) }
{ ilama, ilama_tree, Annona_diversifolia, custard_apple,@ (tropical American tree grown in southern United States having a whitish pink-tinged fruit) }
{ soursop, prickly_custard_apple, soursop_tree, Annona_muricata, custard_apple,@ (small tropical American tree bearing large succulent slightly acid fruit) }
{ bullock's_heart, bullock's_heart_tree, bullock_heart, Annona_reticulata, custard_apple,@ (small tropical American tree bearing a bristly heart-shaped acid tropical fruit) }
{ sweetsop, sweetsop_tree, Annona_squamosa, custard_apple,@ (tropical American tree bearing sweet pulpy fruit with thick scaly rind and shiny black seeds) }
{ pond_apple, pond-apple_tree, Annona_glabra, custard_apple,@ (small evergreen tree of tropical America with edible fruit; used chiefly as grafting stock) }
{ Asimina, genus_Asimina, magnoliid_dicot_genus,@ family_Annonaceae,#m (pawpaw) }
{ pawpaw1, papaw1, papaw_tree, Asimina_triloba, custard_apple,@ genus_Asimina,#m (small tree native to the eastern United States having oblong leaves and fleshy fruit) }

{ Cananga, genus_Cananga, Canangium, genus_Canangium, magnoliid_dicot_genus,@ family_Annonaceae,#m (a genus of Malayan tree) }
{ ilang-ilang, ylang-ylang, Cananga_odorata, flowering_tree,@ genus_Cananga,#m (evergreen Asian tree with aromatic greenish-yellow flowers yielding a volatile oil; widely grown in the tropics as an ornamental) }
{ ilang-ilang1, noun.substance:essential_oil,@ (oil distilled from flowers of the ilang-ilang tree; used in perfumery) }
{ Oxandra, genus_Oxandra, magnoliid_dicot_genus,@ family_Annonaceae,#m (genus of tropical trees) }
{ lancewood, lancewood_tree, Oxandra_lanceolata, tree,@ (source of most of the lancewood of commerce) }
{ lancewood2, noun.substance:wood,@ lancewood_tree,#s (durable straight-grained wood of the lacewood tree; used for building and cabinetwork and tools) }
{ Xylopia, genus_Xylopia, magnoliid_dicot_genus,@ family_Annonaceae,#m (tropical evergreen trees or shrubs; chiefly African) }
{ Guinea_pepper1, negro_pepper, Xylopia_aethiopica, tree,@ genus_Xylopia,#m (tropical west African evergreen tree bearing pungent aromatic seeds used as a condiment and in folk medicine) }

{ Berberidaceae, family_Berberidaceae, barberry_family, magnoliid_dicot_family,@ order_Ranales,#m (shrubs or herbs) }
{ Berberis, genus_Berberis, magnoliid_dicot_genus,@ family_Berberidaceae,#m (large genus of shrubs of temperate zones of New and Old Worlds) }
{ barberry, shrub,@ genus_Berberis,#m (any of numerous plants of the genus Berberis having prickly stems and yellow flowers followed by small red berries) }
{ American_barberry, Berberis_canadensis, barberry,@ (deciduous shrub of eastern North America whose leaves turn scarlet in autumn and having racemes of yellow flowers followed by ellipsoid glossy red berries) }
{ common_barberry, European_barberry, Berberis_vulgaris, barberry,@ (upright deciduous European shrub widely naturalized in United States having clusters of juicy berries) }
{ Japanese_barberry, Berberis_thunbergii, barberry,@ (compact deciduous shrub having persistent red berries; widespread in cultivation especially for hedges) }
{ Caulophyllum, genus_Caulophyllum, magnoliid_dicot_genus,@ family_Berberidaceae,#m (blue cohosh) }
{ blue_cohosh, blueberry_root, papooseroot, papoose_root, squawroot, squaw_root, Caulophyllum_thalictrioides, Caulophyllum_thalictroides, shrub,@ genus_Caulophyllum,#m (tall herb of eastern North America and Asia having blue berrylike fruit and a thick knotty rootstock formerly used medicinally) }
{ Epimedium, genus_Epimedium, magnoliid_dicot_genus,@ family_Berberidaceae,#m (herbaceous perennials of Mediterranean to India and eastern Asia) }
{ barrenwort, bishop's_hat, Epimedium_grandiflorum, herb,@ genus_Epimedium,#m (slow-growing creeping plant with semi-evergreen leaves on erect wiry stems; used as ground cover) }
{ Mahonia, genus_Mahonia, magnoliid_dicot_genus,@ family_Berberidaceae,#m (evergreen shrubs and small trees of North and Central America and Asia) }
{ Oregon_grape1, Oregon_holly_grape, hollygrape, mountain_grape, holly-leaves_barberry, Mahonia_aquifolium, shrub,@ (ornamental evergreen shrub of Pacific coast of North America having dark green pinnate leaves and racemes of yellow flowers followed by blue-black berries) }
{ Oregon_grape2, Mahonia_nervosa, shrub,@ (small shrub with grey-green leaves and yellow flowers followed by glaucous blue berries) }
{ Podophyllum, genus_Podophyllum, magnoliid_dicot_genus,@ family_Berberidaceae,#m (perennial rhizomatous herbs) }
{ mayapple1, May_apple1, wild_mandrake, Podophyllum_peltatum, herb,@ genus_Podophyllum,#m (North American herb with poisonous root stock and edible though insipid fruit) }
{ May_apple2, fruit,@ mayapple1,#p (edible but insipid fruit of the May apple plant) }

{ Calycanthaceae, family_Calycanthaceae, calycanthus_family, strawberry-shrub_family, magnoliid_dicot_family,@ order_Ranales,#m (shrubs or small trees having aromatic bark; the eastern United States and eastern Asia) }
{ Calycanthus, genus_Calycanthus, magnoliid_dicot_genus,@ family_Calycanthaceae,#m (a magnoliid dicot genus of the family Calycanthaceae including: allspice) }
{ allspice1, shrub,@ genus_Calycanthus,#m (deciduous shrubs having aromatic bark; eastern China; southwestern and eastern United States) }
{ Carolina_allspice, strawberry_shrub, strawberry_bush2, sweet_shrub, Calycanthus_floridus, allspice1,@ (hardy shrub of southeastern United States having clove-scented wood and fragrant red-brown flowers) }
{ spicebush2, California_allspice, Calycanthus_occidentalis, allspice1,@ (straggling aromatic shrub of southwestern United States having fragrant brown flowers) }
{ Chimonanthus, genus_Chimonanthus, magnoliid_dicot_genus,@ family_Calycanthaceae,#m (small genus of Asian deciduous or evergreen shrubs having fragrant flowers: winter sweet) }
{ Japan_allspice, Japanese_allspice, winter_sweet1, Chimonanthus_praecox, shrub,@ genus_Chimonanthus,#m (deciduous Japanese shrub cultivated for its fragrant yellow flowers) }

{ Ceratophyllaceae, family_Ceratophyllaceae, magnoliid_dicot_family,@ order_Ranales,#m (coextensive with the genus Ceratophyllum: hornworts) }
{ Ceratophyllum, genus_Ceratophyllum, magnoliid_dicot_genus,@ family_Ceratophyllaceae,#m (constituting the family Ceratophyllaceae: hornworts) }
{ hornwort2, aquatic_plant,@ genus_Ceratophyllum,#m (any aquatic plant of the genus Ceratophyllum; forms submerged masses in ponds and slow-flowing streams) }

{ Cercidiphyllaceae, family_Cercidiphyllaceae, magnoliid_dicot_family,@ order_Ranales,#m (one genus) }
{ Cercidiphyllum, genus_Cercidiphyllum, magnoliid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cercidiphyllaceae,#m (one species: katsura tree) }
{ katsura_tree, Cercidiphyllum_japonicum, flowering_tree,@ genus_Cercidiphyllum,#m (rapidly growing deciduous tree of low mountainsides of China and Japan; grown as an ornamental for its dark blue-green candy-scented foliage that becomes yellow to scarlet in autumn) }

{ Lardizabalaceae, family_Lardizabalaceae, lardizabala_family, magnoliid_dicot_family,@ order_Ranales,#m (thick-stemmed lianas and some shrubs; some have edible fruit) }
{ Lardizabala, genus_Lardizabala, magnoliid_dicot_genus,@ family_Lardizabalaceae,#m (evergreen monoecious climbers of South America having dark mauve-blue edible berries) }

{ Lauraceae, family_Lauraceae, laurel_family, magnoliid_dicot_family,@ order_Ranales,#m (a family of Lauraceae) }
{ laurel, flowering_tree,@ family_Lauraceae,#m (any of various aromatic trees of the laurel family) }
{ Laurus, genus_Laurus, magnoliid_dicot_genus,@ family_Lauraceae,#m (small evergreen trees or shrubs with aromatic leaves) }
{ true_laurel, bay, bay_laurel, bay_tree, Laurus_nobilis, laurel,@ genus_Laurus,#m (small Mediterranean evergreen tree with small blackish berries and glossy aromatic leaves used for flavoring in cooking; also used by ancient Greeks to crown victors) }
{ Cinnamomum, genus_Cinnamomum, magnoliid_dicot_genus,@ family_Lauraceae,#m (Asiatic and Australian aromatic trees and shrubs) }
{ camphor_tree, Cinnamomum_camphora, laurel,@ genus_Cinnamomum,#m (large evergreen tree of warm regions whose aromatic wood yields camphor) }
{ cinnamon, Ceylon_cinnamon, Ceylon_cinnamon_tree, Cinnamomum_zeylanicum, laurel,@ genus_Cinnamomum,#m (tropical Asian tree with aromatic yellowish-brown bark; source of the spice cinnamon) }
{ cinnamon2, cinnamon_bark, bark,@ Ceylon_cinnamon,#p (aromatic bark used as a spice) }
{ cassia2, cassia-bark_tree, Cinnamomum_cassia, laurel,@ genus_Cinnamomum,#m (Chinese tree with aromatic bark; yields a less desirable cinnamon than Ceylon cinnamon) }
{ cassia_bark, Chinese_cinnamon, bark,@ cassia2,#p (aromatic bark of the cassia-bark tree; less desirable as a spice than Ceylon cinnamon bark) }
{ Saigon_cinnamon, Cinnamomum_loureirii, laurel,@ genus_Cinnamomum,#m (tropical southeast Asian tree with aromatic bark; yields a bark used medicinally) }
{ cinnamon_bark1, bark,@ Saigon_cinnamon,#p (aromatic bark of Saigon cinnamon used medicinally as a carminative) }
{ Lindera, genus_Lindera, magnoliid_dicot_genus,@ family_Lauraceae,#m (aromatic evergreen or deciduous dioecious shrubs or trees of eastern Asia and North America) }
{ Benzoin, genus_Benzoin, magnoliid_dicot_genus,@ family_Lauraceae,#m (used in some classifications for the American spicebush and certain other plants often included in the genus Lindera) }
{ spicebush1, spice_bush, American_spicebush, Benjamin_bush, Lindera_benzoin, Benzoin_odoriferum, shrub,@ genus_Lindera,#m (deciduous shrub of the eastern United States having highly aromatic leaves and bark and yellow flowers followed by scarlet or yellow berries) }

{ Persea, genus_Persea, magnoliid_dicot_genus,@ family_Lauraceae,#m (avocado) }
{ avocado, avocado_tree, Persea_Americana, fruit_tree,@ genus_Persea,#m (tropical American tree bearing large pulpy green fruits) }
{ laurel-tree, red_bay, Persea_borbonia, laurel,@ genus_Persea,#m (small tree of southern United States having dark red heartwood) }

{ genus_Sassafras, magnoliid_dicot_genus,@ family_Lauraceae,#m (a genus of sassafras) }
{ sassafras, sassafras_tree, Sassafras_albidum, laurel,@ genus_Sassafras,#m (yellowwood tree with brittle wood and aromatic leaves and bark; source of sassafras oil; widely distributed in eastern North America) }
{ sassafras_oil, noun.substance:oil,@ sassafras_tree,#s (oil from root bark of sassafras trees; used in perfumery and as a disinfectant) }
{ Umbellularia, genus_Umbellularia, magnoliid_dicot_genus,@ family_Lauraceae,#m (aromatic evergreen trees of Pacific coast) }
{ California_laurel, California_bay_tree, Oregon_myrtle, pepperwood, spice_tree2, sassafras_laurel, California_olive, mountain_laurel2, Umbellularia_californica, laurel,@ genus_Umbellularia,#m (Pacific coast tree having aromatic foliage and small umbellate flowers followed by olivelike fruit; yields a hard tough wood) }

{ Magnoliaceae, family_Magnoliaceae, magnolia_family, magnoliid_dicot_family,@ order_Ranales,#m (subclass Magnoliidae: genera Liriodendron, Magnolia, and Manglietia) }
{ Illicium, genus_Illicium, magnoliid_dicot_genus,@ family_Magnoliaceae,#m (anise trees: evergreen trees with aromatic leaves) }
{ anise_tree, tree,@ genus_Illicium,#m (any of several evergreen shrubs and small trees of the genus Illicium) }
{ purple_anise, Illicium_floridanum, anise_tree,@ genus_Illicium,#m (small shrubby tree with purple flowers; found in wet soils of southeastern United States) }
{ star_anise1, Illicium_anisatum, anise_tree,@ genus_Illicium,#m (small shrubby tree of Japan and Taiwan; flowers are not fragrant) }
{ star_anise, Chinese_anise, Illicium_verum, anise_tree,@ genus_Illicium,#m (small tree of China and Vietnam bearing anise-scented star-shaped fruit used in food and medicinally as a carminative) }
{ genus_Magnolia, magnoliid_dicot_genus,@ family_Magnoliaceae,#m (shrubs or trees of North America or Asia having entire evergreen or deciduous leaves; among most ancient of angiosperm genera) }
{ magnolia, flowering_tree,@ genus_Magnolia,#m (any shrub or tree of the genus Magnolia; valued for their longevity and exquisite fragrant blooms) }
{ magnolia2, bark,@ magnolia,#p (dried bark of various magnolias; used in folk medicine) }
{ southern_magnolia, evergreen_magnolia, large-flowering_magnolia, bull_bay, Magnolia_grandiflora, magnolia,@ (evergreen tree of southern United States having large stiff glossy leaves and huge white sweet-smelling flowers) }
{ umbrella_tree1, umbrella_magnolia, elkwood, elk-wood, Magnolia_tripetala, magnolia,@ (small deciduous tree of eastern North America having creamy white flowers and large leaves in formations like umbrellas at the ends of branches) }
{ earleaved_umbrella_tree, Magnolia_fraseri, magnolia,@ (small erect deciduous tree with large leaves in coiled formations at branch tips) }
{ cucumber_tree, Magnolia_acuminata, magnolia,@ (American deciduous magnolia having large leaves and fruit like a small cucumber) }
{ large-leaved_magnolia, large-leaved_cucumber_tree, great-leaved_macrophylla, Magnolia_macrophylla, magnolia,@ (large deciduous shrub or tree of southeastern United States having huge leaves in dense false whorls and large creamy flowers tinged purple toward the base) }
{ saucer_magnolia, Chinese_magnolia, Magnolia_soulangiana, magnolia,@ (large deciduous shrub or small tree having large open rosy to purplish flowers; native to Asia; prized as an ornamental in eastern North America) }
{ star_magnolia, Magnolia_stellata, magnolia,@ (deciduous shrubby magnolia from Japan having fragrant white starlike flowers blooming before leaves unfold; grown as an ornamental in United States) }
{ sweet_bay, swamp_bay, swamp_laurel2, Magnolia_virginiana, magnolia,@ (shrub or small tree having rather small fragrant white flowers; abundant in southeastern United States) }
{ manglietia, genus_Manglietia, flowering_tree,@ family_Magnoliaceae,#m (a genus of flowering tree of the family Magnoliaceae found from Malay to southern China) }

{ Liriodendron, genus_Liriodendron, magnoliid_dicot_genus,@ family_Magnoliaceae,#m (tulip trees) }
{ tulip_tree, tulip_poplar, yellow_poplar, canary_whitewood, Liriodendron_tulipifera, flowering_tree,@ genus_Liriodendron,#m (tall North American deciduous timber tree having large tulip-shaped greenish yellow flowers and conelike fruit; yields soft white woods used especially for cabinet work) }
{ tulipwood, true_tulipwood, whitewood, white_poplar2, yellow_poplar2, noun.substance:wood,@ tulip_tree,#s (light easily worked wood of a tulip tree; used for furniture and veneer) }

{ Menispermaceae, family_Menispermaceae, moonseed_family, magnoliid_dicot_family,@ order_Ranales,#m (herbaceous or woody climbers) }
{ Menispermum, genus_Menispermum, magnoliid_dicot_genus,@ family_Menispermaceae,#m (climbing herbs) }
{ moonseed, vine,@ family_Menispermaceae,#m (plant of the family Menispermaceae having red or black fruit with crescent- or ring-shaped seeds) }
{ common_moonseed, Canada_moonseed, yellow_parilla, Menispermum_canadense, moonseed,@ genus_Menispermum,#m (a woody vine of eastern North America having large oval leaves and small white flowers and purple to blue-black fruits) }
{ Cocculus, genus_Cocculus, magnoliid_dicot_genus,@ family_Menispermaceae,#m (climbing plants or shrubs) }
{ Carolina_moonseed, Cocculus_carolinus, moonseed,@ genus_Cocculus,#m (woody vine of southeastern United States resembling the common moonseed but having red fruits) }

{ Myristicaceae, family_Myristicaceae, nutmeg_family, magnoliid_dicot_family,@ order_Ranales,#m (family of aromatic tropical trees with arillate seeds) }
{ Myristica, genus_Myristica, magnoliid_dicot_genus,@ family_Myristicaceae,#m (type genus of Myristicaceae; tropical Asian evergreen trees with small white or yellow flowers followed by fleshy fruits) }
{ nutmeg, nutmeg_tree, Myristica_fragrans, spice_tree,@ genus_Myristica,#m (East Indian tree widely cultivated in the tropics for its aromatic seed; source of two spices: nutmeg and mace) }

{ Nymphaeaceae, family_Nymphaeaceae, water-lily_family, magnoliid_dicot_family,@ order_Ranales,#m (dicot aquatic plants) }
{ water_lily, aquatic_plant,@ family_Nymphaeaceae,#m (an aquatic plant of the family Nymphaeaceae) }
{ Nymphaea, genus_Nymphaea, magnoliid_dicot_genus,@ family_Nymphaeaceae,#m (the type genus of the family Nymphaeaceae; any of a variety of water lilies) }
{ water_nymph2, fragrant_water_lily, pond_lily, Nymphaea_odorata, water_lily,@ genus_Nymphaea,#m (a water lily having large leaves and showy fragrant flowers that float on the water; of temperate and tropical regions) }
{ European_white_lily, Nymphaea_alba, water_lily,@ genus_Nymphaea,#m (a water lily with white flowers) }
{ lotus1, white_lotus, Egyptian_water_lily, white_lily2, Nymphaea_lotus, water_lily,@ genus_Nymphaea,#m (white Egyptian lotus: water lily of Egypt to southeastern Africa; held sacred by the Egyptians) }
{ blue_lotus1, Nymphaea_caerulea, water_lily,@ (blue Egyptian lotus: held sacred by the Egyptians) }
{ blue_lotus2, Nymphaea_stellata, water_lily,@ (blue lotus of India and southeastern Asia) }
{ Nuphar, genus_Nuphar, magnoliid_dicot_genus,@ family_Nymphaeaceae,#m (spatterdocks) }
{ spatterdock, cow_lily, yellow_pond_lily, Nuphar_advena, water_lily,@ genus_Nuphar,#m (common water lily of eastern and central North America, having broad leaves and globe-shaped yellow flowers; in sluggish fresh or slightly brackish water) }
{ southern_spatterdock, Nuphar_sagittifolium, water_lily,@ (of flowing waters of the southeastern United States; may form obstructive mats in streams) }
{ yellow_water_lily, Nuphar_lutea, water_lily,@ genus_Nuphar,#m (a water lily with yellow flowers) }

{ Nelumbonaceae, subfamily_Nelumbonaceae, magnoliid_dicot_family,@ family_Nymphaeaceae,#m (in some classifications considered an independent family of water lilies; comprises the single genus Nelumbo) }
{ Nelumbo, genus_Nelumbo, magnoliid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Nelumbonaceae,#m (sometimes placed in the family Nymphaeaceae: lotuses) }
{ lotus2, Indian_lotus, sacred_lotus, Nelumbo_nucifera, water_lily,@ (native to eastern Asia; widely cultivated for its large pink or white flowers) }
{ water_chinquapin1, American_lotus, yanquapin, Nelumbo_lutea, water_lily,@ genus_Nelumbo,#m (water lily of eastern North America having pale yellow blossoms and edible globular nutlike seeds) }

{ Cabombaceae, subfamily_Cabombaceae, water-shield_family, magnoliid_dicot_family,@ family_Nymphaeaceae,#m (in some classifications considered an independent family of water lilies; comprises the genera Cabomba and Brasenia) }
{ Cabomba, genus_Cabomba, magnoliid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Cabombaceae,#m (alternatively, a member of the family Nymphaeaceae; a small genus of American aquatic plants) }
{ water-shield1, fanwort, Cabomba_caroliniana, water_lily,@ genus_Cabomba,#m (common aquatic plant of eastern North America having floating and submerged leaves and white yellow-spotted flowers) }
{ Brasenia, genus_Brasenia, magnoliid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Cabombaceae,#m (alternatively, a member of the family Nymphaeaceae) }
{ water-shield2, Brasenia_schreberi, water-target, water_lily,@ genus_Brasenia,#m (aquatic plant with floating oval leaves and purple flowers; in lakes and slow-moving streams; suitable for aquariums) }

{ Paeoniaceae, family_Paeoniaceae, peony_family, magnoliid_dicot_family,@ order_Ranales,#m (perennial rhizomatous herbs and shrubs; of temperate Europe and North America) }
{ Paeonia, genus_Paeonia, magnoliid_dicot_genus,@ family_Paeoniaceae,#m (peonies: herbaceous or shrubby plants having showy flowers) }
{ peony, paeony, flower,@ genus_Paeonia,#m (any of numerous plants widely cultivated for their showy single or double red or pink or white flowers) }

{ Ranunculaceae, family_Ranunculaceae, buttercup_family, crowfoot_family, magnoliid_dicot_family,@ order_Ranales,#m (a family of Ranunculaceae) }
{ Ranunculus, genus_Ranunculus, magnoliid_dicot_genus,@ family_Ranunculaceae,#m (annual, biennial or perennial herbs: buttercup; crowfoot) }
{ buttercup, butterflower, butter-flower, crowfoot, goldcup, kingcup1, herbaceous_plant,@ genus_Ranunculus,#m (any of various plants of the genus Ranunculus) }
{ meadow_buttercup, tall_buttercup, tall_crowfoot, tall_field_buttercup, Ranunculus_acris, buttercup,@ (perennial European buttercup with yellow spring flowers widely naturalized especially in eastern North America) }
{ water_crowfoot, water_buttercup, Ranunculus_aquatilis, aquatic_plant,@ genus_Ranunculus,#m (plant of ponds and slow streams having submerged and floating leaves and white flowers; Europe and North America) }
{ common_buttercup, Ranunculus_bulbosus, buttercup,@ (perennial Old World buttercup with golden to sulphur yellow flowers in late spring to early summer; naturalized in North America) }
{ lesser_celandine, pilewort, Ranunculus_ficaria, flower,@ genus_Ranunculus,#m (perennial herb native to Europe but naturalized elsewhere having heart-shaped leaves and yellow flowers resembling buttercups; its tuberous roots have been used as a poultice to relieve piles) }
{ lesser_spearwort, Ranunculus_flammula, marsh_plant,@ genus_Ranunculus,#m (semiaquatic Eurasian perennial crowfoot with leaves shaped like spears; naturalized in New Zealand) }
{ sagebrush_buttercup, Ranunculus_glaberrimus, wildflower,@ genus_Ranunculus,#m (small early-flowering buttercup with shiny yellow flowers of western North America) }
{ greater_spearwort, Ranunculus_lingua, marsh_plant,@ genus_Ranunculus,#m (semiaquatic European crowfoot with leaves shaped like spears) }
{ mountain_lily2, Mount_Cook_lily, Ranunculus_lyalii, buttercup,@ (showy white-flowered perennial of New Zealand) }
{ western_buttercup, Ranunculus_occidentalis, buttercup,@ (perennial of western North America) }
{ creeping_buttercup, creeping_crowfoot, Ranunculus_repens, buttercup,@ (perennial European herb with long creeping stolons) }
{ cursed_crowfoot, celery-leaved_buttercup, Ranunculus_sceleratus, buttercup,@ (annual herb growing in marshy places) }

{ Aconitum, genus_Aconitum, magnoliid_dicot_genus,@ family_Ranunculaceae,#m (genus of poisonous plants of temperate regions of northern hemisphere with a vaulted and enlarged petal) }
{ aconite, poisonous_plant,@ genus_Aconitum,#m (any of various usually poisonous plants of the genus Aconitum having tuberous roots and palmately lobed leaves and blue or white flowers) }
{ monkshood, helmetflower1, helmet_flower1, Aconitum_napellus, aconite,@ (a poisonous herb native to northern Europe having hooded blue-purple flowers; the dried leaves and roots yield aconite) }
{ wolfsbane, wolfbane, wolf's_bane, Aconitum_lycoctonum, aconite,@ (poisonous Eurasian perennial herb with broad rounded leaves and yellow flowers and fibrous rootstock) }

{ Actaea, genus_Actaea, magnoliid_dicot_genus,@ family_Ranunculaceae,#m (baneberry) }
{ baneberry1, cohosh, herb_Christopher, poisonous_plant,@ genus_Actaea,#m (a plant of the genus Actaea having acrid poisonous berries) }
{ baneberry2, berry,@ baneberry1,#p (a poisonous berry of a plant of the genus Actaea) }
{ red_baneberry, redberry2, red-berry2, snakeberry, Actaea_rubra, baneberry1,@ (North American perennial herb with alternately compound leaves and racemes of small white flowers followed by bright red oval poisonous berries) }
{ white_baneberry, white_cohosh, white_bead, doll's_eyes, Actaea_alba, baneberry1,@ (North American herb with white poisonous berries) }

{ Adonis, genus_Adonis, magnoliid_dicot_genus,@ family_Ranunculaceae,#m (annual or perennial herbs) }
{ pheasant's-eye, Adonis_annua, flower,@ genus_Adonis,#m (Eurasian herb cultivated for its deep red flowers with dark centers) }

{ genus_Anemone, magnoliid_dicot_genus,@ family_Ranunculaceae,#m (perennial herbs with tuberous roots and beautiful flowers; of north and south temperate regions) }
{ anemone, windflower, flower,@ genus_Anemone,#m (any woodland plant of the genus Anemone grown for its beautiful flowers and whorls of dissected leaves) }
{ Alpine_anemone, mountain_anemone, Anemone_tetonensis, anemone,@ (silky-foliaged herb of the Rocky Mountains with bluish-white flowers) }
{ Canada_anemone, Anemone_Canadensis, anemone,@ (common summer-flowering woodland herb of Labrador to Colorado) }
{ thimbleweed, Anemone_cylindrica, anemone,@ (a common North American anemone with cylindrical fruit clusters resembling thimbles) }
{ wood_anemone1, Anemone_nemorosa, anemone,@ (European anemone with solitary white flowers common in deciduous woodlands) }
{ wood_anemone2, snowdrop2, Anemone_quinquefolia, anemone,@ (common anemone of eastern North America with solitary pink-tinged white flowers) }
{ longheaded_thimbleweed, Anemone_riparia, thimbleweed,@ (thimbleweed of northern North America) }
{ snowdrop_anemone, snowdrop_windflower, Anemone_sylvestris, anemone,@ (Eurasian herb with solitary nodding fragrant white flowers) }
{ Virginia_thimbleweed, Anemone_virginiana, thimbleweed,@ (thimbleweed of central and eastern North America) }
{ Anemonella, genus_Anemonella, magnoliid_dicot_genus,@ family_Ranunculaceae,#m (one species: rue anemone) }
{ rue_anemone, Anemonella_thalictroides, flower,@ genus_Anemonella,#m (woodland flower native to eastern North America having cup-shaped flowers reminiscent of anemone but more delicate) }

{ genus_Aquilegia, magnoliid_dicot_genus,@ family_Ranunculaceae,#m (columbine) }
{ columbine, aquilegia, aquilege, flower,@ genus_Aquilegia,#m (a plant of the genus Aquilegia having irregular showy spurred flowers; north temperate regions especially mountains) }
{ meeting_house, honeysuckle2, Aquilegia_canadensis, columbine,@ genus_Aquilegia,#m (columbine of eastern North America having long-spurred red flowers) }
{ blue_columbine, Aquilegia_caerulea, Aquilegia_scopulorum_calcarea, columbine,@ genus_Aquilegia,#m (columbine of the Rocky Mountains having long-spurred blue flowers) }
{ granny's_bonnets, Aquilegia_vulgaris, columbine,@ genus_Aquilegia,#m (common European columbine having variously colored (white or blue to purple or red) short-spurred flowers; naturalized in United States) }

{ Caltha, genus_Caltha, magnoliid_dicot_genus,@ family_Ranunculaceae,#m (a genus of Caltha) }
{ marsh_marigold, kingcup2, meadow_bright, May_blob, cowslip1, water_dragon1, Caltha_palustris, marsh_plant,@ genus_Caltha,#m (swamp plant of Europe and North America having bright yellow flowers resembling buttercups) }

{ Cimicifuga, genus_Cimicifuga, magnoliid_dicot_genus,@ family_Ranunculaceae,#m (small genus of perennial herbs of north temperate regions: bugbane) }
{ bugbane, woody_plant,@ genus_Cimicifuga,#m (a plant of the genus Cimicifuga having flowers in long racemes or panicles reported to be distasteful to insects) }
{ American_bugbane, summer_cohosh, Cimicifuga_americana, bugbane,@ (bugbane of the eastern United States having erect racemes of white flowers) }
{ black_cohosh, black_snakeroot1, rattle-top, Cimicifuga_racemosa, bugbane,@ (North American bugbane found from Maine and Ontario to Wisconsin and south to Georgia) }
{ fetid_bugbane, foetid_bugbane, Cimicifuga_foetida, bugbane,@ (bugbane of Siberia and eastern Asia having ill-smelling green-white flowers) }

{ genus_Clematis, magnoliid_dicot_genus,@ family_Ranunculaceae,#m (large genus of deciduous or evergreen woody vines or erect herbs) }
{ clematis, vine,@ climber,@ genus_Clematis,#m (any of various ornamental climbing plants of the genus Clematis usually having showy flowers) }
{ pine_hyacinth, Clematis_baldwinii, Viorna_baldwinii, clematis,@ (erect clematis of Florida having pink to purple flowers) }
{ blue_jasmine, blue_jessamine, curly_clematis, marsh_clematis, Clematis_crispa, clematis,@ (climber of southern United States having bluish-purple flowers) }
{ pipestem_clematis, Clematis_lasiantha, clematis,@ (clematis of California) }
{ curly-heads, Clematis_ochreleuca, clematis,@ (shrubby clematis of the eastern United States having curly foliage) }
{ golden_clematis, Clematis_tangutica, clematis,@ (Chinese clematis with serrate leaves and large yellow flowers) }
{ scarlet_clematis, Clematis_texensis, clematis,@ (woody vine of Texas having showy solitary nodding scarlet flowers) }
{ leather_flower1, Clematis_versicolor, clematis,@ (woody vine of the southern United States having purple or blue flowers with leathery recurved sepals) }
{ leather_flower2, vase-fine, vase_vine, Clematis_viorna, clematis,@ (scandent subshrub of southeastern United States having large red-purple bell-shaped flowers with leathery recurved sepals) }
{ virgin's_bower, old_man's_beard1, devil's_darning_needle, Clematis_virginiana, clematis,@ (common climber of eastern North America that sprawls over other plants and bears numerous panicles of small creamy white flowers) }
{ traveler's_joy, traveller's_joy, old_man's_beard2, Clematis_vitalba, clematis,@ (vigorous deciduous climber of Europe to Afghanistan and Lebanon having panicles of fragrant green-white flowers in summer and autumn) }
{ purple_clematis, purple_virgin's_bower, mountain_clematis, Clematis_verticillaris, clematis,@ (climber of northeastern North America having waxy purplish-blue flowers) }

{ Coptis, genus_Coptis, magnoliid_dicot_genus,@ family_Ranunculaceae,#m (small genus of low perennial herbs having yellow rhizomes and white or yellow flowers) }
{ goldthread, golden_thread, Coptis_groenlandica, Coptis_trifolia_groenlandica, herbaceous_plant,@ genus_Coptis,#m (low-growing perennial of North America woodlands having trifoliate leaves and yellow rootstock and white flowers) }

{ Consolida, genus_Consolida, magnoliid_dicot_genus,@ family_Ranunculaceae,#m (plants having flowers resembling the larkspur's but differing from larkspur's in the arrangement of petals; sometimes included in genus Delphinium) }
{ rocket_larkspur, Consolida_ambigua, Delphinium_ajacis, flower,@ genus_Consolida,#m (commonly cultivated larkspur of southern Europe having unbranched spikelike racemes of blue or sometimes purplish or pinkish flowers; sometime placed in genus Delphinium) }

{ genus_Delphinium, magnoliid_dicot_genus,@ family_Ranunculaceae,#m (large genus of chiefly perennial erect branching herbs of north temperate regions some poisonous) }
{ delphinium, flower,@ genus_Delphinium,#m (any plant of the genus Delphinium having palmately divided leaves and showy spikes of variously colored spurred flowers; some contain extremely poisonous substances) }
{ larkspur, delphinium,@ (any of numerous cultivated plants of the genus Delphinium) }

{ Eranthis, genus_Eranthis, magnoliid_dicot_genus,@ family_Ranunculaceae,#m (winter aconite) }
{ winter_aconite, Eranthis_hyemalis, herbaceous_plant,@ genus_Eranthis,#m (small Old World perennial herb grown for its bright yellow flowers which appear in early spring often before snow is gone) }

{ Helleborus, genus_Helleborus, magnoliid_dicot_genus,@ family_Ranunculaceae,#m (a genus of Helleborus) }
{ hellebore1, poisonous_plant,@ genus_Helleborus,#m (any plant of the Eurasian genus Helleborus) }
{ stinking_hellebore, bear's_foot, setterwort, Helleborus_foetidus, hellebore1,@ (digitate-leaved hellebore with an offensive odor and irritant qualities when taken internally) }
{ Christmas_rose, winter_rose, black_hellebore1, Helleborus_niger, hellebore1,@ (European evergreen plant with white or purplish rose-like winter-blooming flowers) }
{ lenten_rose, black_hellebore2, Helleborus_orientalis, hellebore1,@ (slightly hairy perennial having deep green leathery leaves and flowers that are ultimately purplish-green) }
{ green_hellebore, Helleborus_viridis, hellebore1,@ (deciduous plant with large deep green pedate leaves and nodding saucer-shaped green flowers) }

{ genus_Hepatica, magnoliid_dicot_genus,@ family_Ranunculaceae,#m (small genus of perennial herbs of north temperate regions; allied to genus Anemone) }
{ hepatica, liverleaf, herbaceous_plant,@ genus_Hepatica,#m (any of several plants of the genus Hepatica having three-lobed leaves and white or pinkish flowers in early spring; of moist and mossy subalpine woodland areas of north temperate regions) }

{ Hydrastis, genus_Hydrastis, magnoliid_dicot_genus,@ family_Ranunculaceae,#m (small genus of perennial herbs having rhizomes and palmate leaves and small solitary flowers; of northeastern United States and Japan) }
{ goldenseal, golden_seal, yellow_root, turmeric_root, Hydrastis_Canadensis, herbaceous_plant,@ genus_Hydrastis,#m (perennial herb of northeastern United States having a thick knotted yellow rootstock and large rounded leaves) }

{ Isopyrum, genus_Isopyrum, magnoliid_dicot_genus,@ family_Ranunculaceae,#m (tufted perennial herbs of northern hemisphere) }
{ false_rue_anemone, false_rue, Isopyrum_biternatum, herb,@ genus_Isopyrum,#m (slender erect perennial of eastern North America having tuberous roots and pink-tinged white flowers; resembles meadow rue) }

{ Laccopetalum, genus_Laccopetalum, magnoliid_dicot_genus,@ family_Ranunculaceae,#m (one species: giant buttercup) }
{ giant_buttercup, Laccopetalum_giganteum, herb,@ genus_Laccopetalum,#m (spectacular perennial native of wet montane grasslands of Peru; formerly included in genus Ranunculus) }

{ genus_Nigella, magnoliid_dicot_genus,@ family_Ranunculaceae,#m (erect annual Eurasian herbs) }
{ nigella, flower,@ genus_Nigella,#m (any plant of the genus Nigella) }
{ love-in-a-mist3, Nigella_damascena, nigella,@ (European garden plant having finely cut leaves and white or pale blue flowers) }
{ fennel_flower, Nigella_hispanica, nigella,@ (nigella of Spain and southern France) }
{ black_caraway, nutmeg_flower, Roman_coriander, Nigella_sativa, nigella,@ (herb of the Mediterranean region having pungent seeds used like those of caraway) }

{ Pulsatilla, genus_Pulsatilla, magnoliid_dicot_genus,@ family_Ranunculaceae,#m (includes a group of plants that in some classifications are included in the genus Anemone: pasqueflowers) }
{ pasqueflower, pasque_flower, wildflower,@ genus_Pulsatilla,#m (any plant of the genus Pulsatilla; sometimes included in genus Anemone) }
{ American_pasqueflower, Eastern_pasque_flower, wild_crocus, lion's_beard, prairie_anemone, blue_tulip, American_pulsatilla, Pulsatilla_patens, Anemone_ludoviciana, pasqueflower,@ (short hairy perennial with early spring blue-violet or lilac flowers; North America and Siberia) }
{ Western_pasqueflower, Pulsatilla_occidentalis, Anemone_occidentalis, pasqueflower,@ (of western North America) }
{ European_pasqueflower, Pulsatilla_vulgaris, Anemone_pulsatilla, pasqueflower,@ (European perennial having usually violet or white spring flowers) }

{ Thalictrum, genus_Thalictrum, magnoliid_dicot_genus,@ family_Ranunculaceae,#m (widely distributed genus of perennial herbs: meadow rue) }
{ meadow_rue, wildflower,@ genus_Thalictrum,#m (any of various herbs of the genus Thalictrum; sometimes rhizomatous or tuberous perennials found in damp shady places and meadows or stream banks; have lacy foliage and clouds of small purple or yellow flowers) }

{ Trautvetteria, genus_Trautvetteria, magnoliid_dicot_genus,@ family_Ranunculaceae,#m (small genus of perennial herbs: false bugbane) }
{ false_bugbane, Trautvetteria_carolinensis, herb,@ genus_Trautvetteria,#m (tall perennial of the eastern United States having large basal leaves and white summer flowers) }

{ Trollius, genus_Trollius, magnoliid_dicot_genus,@ family_Ranunculaceae,#m (perennial herbs of north temperate regions: globeflowers) }
{ globeflower, globe_flower, herb,@ genus_Trollius,#m (any of several plants of the genus Trollius having globose yellow flowers) }

{ Winteraceae, family_Winteraceae, winter's_bark_family, magnoliid_dicot_family,@ order_Ranales,#m (small family of chiefly tropical shrubs and trees of genera Drimys and Pseudowintera; sometimes included in Magnoliaceae) }
{ Drimys, genus_Drimys, magnoliid_dicot_genus,@ family_Winteraceae,#m (shrubs and trees of southern hemisphere having aromatic foliage) }
{ winter's_bark1, winter's_bark_tree, Drimys_winteri, tree,@ genus_Drimys,#m (South American evergreen tree yielding winter's bark and a light soft wood similar to basswood) }
{ Pseudowintera, genus_Pseudowintera, Wintera, genus_Wintera, magnoliid_dicot_genus,@ family_Winteraceae,#m (evergreen shrubs or small trees of Australia and New Zealand) }
{ pepper_shrub, Pseudowintera_colorata, Wintera_colorata, shrub,@ genus_Pseudowintera,#m (evergreen shrub or small tree whose foliage is conspicuously blotched with red and yellow and having small black fruits) }

{ Myricales, order_Myricales, plant_order,@ class_Dicotyledones,#m (coextensive with the family Myricaceae) }
{ Myricaceae, family_Myricaceae, wax-myrtle_family, dicot_family,@ order_Myricales,#m (constituting the order Myricales) }
{ Myrica, genus_Myrica, dicot_genus,@ family_Myricaceae,#m (deciduous aromatic shrubs or small trees) }
{ sweet_gale, Scotch_gale, Myrica_gale, shrub,@ genus_Myrica,#m (bog shrub of north temperate zone having bitter-tasting fragrant leaves) }
{ wax_myrtle, shrub,@ genus_Myrica,#m (any shrub or small tree of the genus Myrica with aromatic foliage and small wax-coated berries) }
{ bay_myrtle, puckerbush, Myrica_cerifera, wax_myrtle,@ (evergreen aromatic shrubby tree of southeastern United States having small hard berries thickly coated with white wax used for candles) }
{ bayberry2, candleberry, swamp_candleberry, waxberry1, Myrica_pensylvanica, wax_myrtle,@ (deciduous aromatic shrub of eastern North America with grey-green wax-coated berries) }
{ bayberry_wax, bayberry_tallow, noun.substance:wax,@ wax_myrtle,#s (a fragrant green wax obtained from the wax myrtle and used in making candles) }
{ Comptonia, genus_Comptonia, dicot_genus,@ family_Myricaceae,#m (one species: sweet fern) }
{ sweet_fern, Comptonia_peregrina, Comptonia_asplenifolia, shrub,@ genus_Comptonia,#m (deciduous shrub of eastern North America with sweet scented fernlike leaves and tiny white flowers) }

{ Leitneriaceae, family_Leitneriaceae, corkwood_family, dicot_family,@ order_Myricales,#m (coextensive with the genus Leitneria; commonly isolated in a distinct order) }
{ Leitneria, genus_Leitneria, dicot_genus,@ family_Leitneriaceae,#m (one species: corkwood) }
{ corkwood, corkwood_tree, Leitneria_floridana, shrub,@ genus_Leitneria,#m (very small deciduous dioecious tree or shrub of damp habitats in southeastern United States having extremely light wood) }

{ Juncaceae, family_Juncaceae, rush_family, monocot_family,@ order_Liliales,#m (tufted herbs resembling grasses: rushes) }
{ [ rush, adj.all:wooded^rushy,+ ] marsh_plant,@ rush_family,#m (grasslike plants growing in wet places and having cylindrical often hollow stems) }
{ Juncus, genus_Juncus, monocot_genus,@ family_Juncaceae,#m (type genus of the Juncaceae; perennial tufted glabrous marsh plants of temperate regions: rushes) }
{ bulrush1, bullrush1, common_rush, soft_rush, Juncus_effusus, rush,@ genus_Juncus,#m (tall rush with soft erect or arching stems found in Eurasia, Australia, New Zealand, and common in North America) }
{ jointed_rush, Juncus_articulatus, rush,@ (rush of Australia) }
{ toad_rush, Juncus_bufonius, rush,@ (low-growing annual rush of damp low-lying ground; nearly cosmopolitan) }
{ hard_rush, Juncus_inflexus, rush,@ (tall rush of temperate regions) }
{ salt_rush, Juncus_leseurii, rush,@ (rush of the Pacific coast of North America) }
{ slender_rush, Juncus_tenuis, rush,@ (tufted wiry rush of wide distribution) }

{ plant_family, noun.group:family3,@ kingdom_Plantae,#m (a family of plants) }
{ plant_genus, noun.group:genus,@ kingdom_Plantae,#m (a genus of plants) }

{ zebrawood, zebrawood_tree, tree,@ (any of various trees or shrubs having mottled or striped wood) }
{ zebrawood2, noun.substance:wood,@ zebrawood_tree,#s (handsomely striped or mottled wood of the zebrawood tree; used especially for cabinetwork) }

{ Connaraceae, family_Connaraceae, zebrawood_family, rosid_dicot_family,@ order_Rosales,#m (mostly tropical climbing shrubs or small trees; closely related to Leguminosae) }
{ Connarus, genus_Connarus, rosid_dicot_genus,@ order_Rosales,#m (large genus of tropical trees and shrubs; type genus of the Connaraceae) }
{ Connarus_guianensis, zebrawood_tree,@ genus_Connarus,#m (tropical American and east African tree with strikingly marked hardwood used in cabinetwork) }

(++complete)
{ Leguminosae, family_Leguminosae, Fabaceae, family_Fabaceae, legume_family, pea_family, rosid_dicot_family,@ order_Rosales,#m (a large family of trees, shrubs, vines, and herbs bearing bean pods; divided for convenience into the subfamilies Caesalpiniaceae; Mimosaceae; Papilionaceae) }
{ legume, leguminous_plant, herb,@ climber,@ family_Leguminosae,#m (an erect or climbing bean or pea plant of the family Leguminosae) }
{ legume2, pod,@ leguminous_plant,#p (the fruit or seed of any of various bean or pea plants consisting of a case that splits along both sides when ripe and having the seeds attach to one side of the case) }

{ Arachis, genus_Arachis, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Leguminosae,#m (a genus of plants with pods that ripen underground (see peanut)) }
{ peanut, peanut_vine, Arachis_hypogaea, legume,@ genus_Arachis,#m (widely cultivated American plant cultivated in tropical and warm regions; showy yellow flowers on stalks that bend over to the soil so that seed pods ripen underground) }
{ peanut2, pod,@ peanut_vine,#p (underground pod of the peanut vine) }
{ Brya, genus_Brya, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Leguminosae,#m (genus of prickly shrubs and small trees of the Caribbean region; source of a durable hardwood) }
{ granadilla_tree, granadillo1, Brya_ebenus, tree,@ (West Indian tree yielding a fine grade of green ebony) }
{ cocuswood, cocoswood, granadilla_wood1, noun.substance:wood,@ granadilla_tree,#s (wood of the granadilla tree used for making musical instruments especially clarinets) }

{ Centrolobium, genus_Centrolobium, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Leguminosae,#m (a genus of Centrolobium) }
{ arariba, Centrolobium_robustum, zebrawood_tree,@ genus_Centrolobium,#m (Brazilian tree with handsomely marked wood) }

{ Coumarouna, genus_Coumarouna, Dipteryx, genus_Dipteryx, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Leguminosae,#m (tropical American trees: tonka beans) }
{ tonka_bean1, tonka_bean_tree, Coumarouna_odorata, Dipteryx_odorata, bean_tree,@ genus_Dipteryx,#m (tall tropical South American tree having pulpy egg-shaped pods of fragrant black almond-shaped seeds used for flavoring) }
{ tonka_bean2, coumara_nut, bean2,@ (fragrant black nutlike seeds of the tonka bean tree; used in perfumes and medicines and as a substitute for vanilla) }

{ Hymenaea, genus_Hymenaea, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Leguminosae,#m (genus of tropical American timber trees) }
{ courbaril, Hymenaea_courbaril, locust_tree,@ genus_Hymenaea,#m (West Indian locust tree having pinnate leaves and panicles of large white or purplish flowers; yields very hard tough wood) }
{ courbaril_copal, noun.substance:copal,@ courbaril,#s (resin from the courbaril tree) }

{ genus_Melilotus, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Leguminosae,#m (Old World herbs: the sweet clovers) }
{ melilotus, melilot, sweet_clover, woody_plant,@ genus_Melilotus,#m (erect annual or biennial plant grown extensively especially for hay and soil improvement) }
{ white_sweet_clover, white_melilot, Melilotus_alba, sweet_clover,@ (biennial plant; valuable honey plant) }
{ yellow_sweet_clover, Melilotus_officinalis, sweet_clover,@ (biennial yellow-flowered Eurasian plant having aromatic leaves used as carminative or flavoring agent; widely cultivated especially as green manure or cover crop) }

{ Swainsona, genus_Swainsona, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Leguminosae,#m (a genus of Australian herbs and subshrubs: darling peas) }
{ darling_pea, poison_bush1, subshrub,@ genus_Swainsona,#m (either of two Australian plants of the genus Swainsona that are poisonous to sheep) }
{ smooth_darling_pea, Swainsona_galegifolia, darling_pea,@ (erect or trailing perennial of eastern Australia having axillary racemes of blue to purple or red flowers) }
{ hairy_darling_pea, Swainsona_greyana, Swainsona_grandiflora, darling_pea,@ (shrubby perennial of southern Australia having downy or woolly stems and undersides of leaves and racemes of red to pink flowers) }

{ Trifolium, genus_Trifolium, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Leguminosae,#m (any leguminous plant having leaves divided into three leaflets) }
{ clover, trefoil1, herbaceous_plant,@ genus_Trifolium,#m (a plant of the genus Trifolium) }
{ alpine_clover, Trifolium_alpinum, clover,@ (European mountain clover with fragrant usually pink flowers) }
{ hop_clover1, shamrock1, lesser_yellow_trefoil, Trifolium_dubium, clover,@ (clover native to Ireland with yellowish flowers; often considered the true or original shamrock) }
{ crimson_clover, Italian_clover, Trifolium_incarnatum, clover,@ (southern European annual with spiky heads of crimson flower; extensively cultivated in United States for forage) }
{ red_clover, purple_clover, Trifolium_pratense, clover,@ (erect to decumbent short-lived perennial having red-purple to pink flowers; the most commonly grown forage clover) }
{ buffalo_clover, Trifolium_reflexum, Trifolium_stoloniferum, clover,@ (clover of western United States) }
{ white_clover, dutch_clover, shamrock2, Trifolium_repens, clover,@ (creeping European clover having white to pink flowers and bright green leaves; naturalized in United States; widely grown for forage) }

{ Mimosaceae, family_Mimosaceae, rosid_dicot_family,@ family_Leguminosae,#m (family of spiny woody plants (usually shrubs or small trees) whose leaves mimic animals in sensitivity to touch; commonly included in the family Leguminosae) }
{ Mimosoideae, subfamily_Mimosoideae, rosid_dicot_family,@ family_Leguminosae,#m (alternative name used in some classification systems for the family Mimosaceae) }

{ genus_Mimosa, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Mimosoideae,#m (genus of spiny woody shrubs or trees; named for their apparent imitation of animal sensitivity to light and heat and movement) }
{ mimosa1, shrub,@ genus_Mimosa,#m (any of various tropical shrubs or trees of the genus Mimosa having usually yellow flowers and compound leaves) }
{ sensitive_plant1, Mimosa_sensitiva, mimosa1,@ genus_Mimosa,#m (semi-climbing prickly evergreen shrub of tropical America having compound leaves sensitive to light and touch) }
{ sensitive_plant2, touch-me-not3, shame_plant, live-and-die, humble_plant, action_plant, Mimosa_pudica, mimosa1,@ genus_Mimosa,#m (prostrate or semi-erect subshrub of tropical America, and Australia; heavily armed with recurved thorns and having sensitive soft grey-green leaflets that fold and droop at night or when touched or cooled) }

{ genus_Acacia, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Mimosoideae,#m (large genus of shrubs and trees and some woody vines of Central and South America, Africa, Australia and Polynesia: wattle; mimosa) }
{ acacia, tree,@ genus_Acacia,#m (any of various spiny trees or shrubs of the genus Acacia) }
{ shittah, shittah_tree, acacia,@ genus_Acacia,#m (source of a wood mentioned frequently in the Bible; probably a species of genus Acacia) }
{ shittimwood, noun.substance:wood,@ shittah,#s (wood of the shittah tree used to make the ark of the Hebrew Tabernacle) }
{ wattle, acacia,@ (any of various Australasian trees yielding slender poles suitable for wattle) }
{ black_wattle, Acacia_auriculiformis, wattle,@ genus_Acacia,#m (Australian tree that yields tanning materials) }
{ gidgee, stinking_wattle, Acacia_cambegei, wattle,@ genus_Acacia,#m (scrubby Australian acacia having extremely foul-smelling blossoms) }
{ catechu1, Jerusalem_thorn4, Acacia_catechu, acacia,@ genus_Acacia,#m (East Indian spiny tree having twice-pinnate leaves and yellow flowers followed by flat pods; source of black catechu) }
{ black_catechu, catechu2, noun.substance:extract,@ catechu1,#s (extract of the heartwood of Acacia catechu used for dyeing and tanning and preserving fishnets and sails; formerly used medicinally) }
{ silver_wattle, mimosa3, Acacia_dealbata, wattle,@ genus_Acacia,#m (evergreen Australasian tree having white or silvery bark and young leaves and yellow flowers) }
{ huisache, cassie, mimosa_bush, sweet_wattle, sweet_acacia, scented_wattle, flame_tree5, Acacia_farnesiana, acacia,@ genus_Acacia,#m (tropical American thorny shrub or small tree; fragrant yellow flowers used in making perfumery) }
{ lightwood, Acacia_melanoxylon, blackwood_tree,@ genus_Acacia,#m (tall Australian acacia yielding highly valued black timber) }
{ golden_wattle, Acacia_pycnantha, wattle,@ genus_Acacia,#m (shrubby Australian tree having clusters of fragrant golden yellow flowers; widely cultivated as an ornamental) }
{ fever_tree4, Acacia_xanthophloea, acacia,@ genus_Acacia,#m (African tree supposed to mark healthful regions) }

{ Adenanthera, genus_Adenanthera, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Mimosoideae,#m (small genus of trees of tropical Asia and Pacific areas) }
{ coralwood, coral-wood, red_sandalwood2, Barbados_pride, peacock_flower_fence, Adenanthera_pavonina, tree,@ genus_Adenanthera,#m (East Indian tree with racemes of yellow-white flowers; cultivated as an ornamental) }

{ genus_Albizia, genus_Albizzia, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Mimosoideae,#m (large genus of unarmed trees and shrubs of Old World tropics) }
{ albizzia, albizia, tree,@ genus_Albizia,#m (any of numerous trees of the genus Albizia) }
{ silk_tree, Albizia_julibrissin, Albizzia_julibrissin, albizzia,@ (attractive domed or flat-topped Asiatic tree having bipinnate leaves and flowers with long silky stamens) }
{ siris, siris_tree, Albizia_lebbeck, Albizzia_lebbeck, albizzia,@ (large spreading Old World tree having large leaves and globose clusters of greenish-yellow flowers and long seed pods that clatter in the wind) }
{ rain_tree, saman, monkeypod, monkey_pod, zaman, zamang, Albizia_saman, albizzia,@ (large ornamental tropical American tree with bipinnate leaves and globose clusters of flowers with crimson stamens and seed pods that are eaten by cattle) }

{ Anadenanthera, genus_Anadenanthera, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Mimosoideae,#m (2 species of tropical American shrubs or trees) }
{ Anadenanthera_colubrina, Piptadenia_macrocarpa, shrub,@ genus_Anadenanthera,#m (Brazilian shrub having twice-pinnate leaves and small spicate flowers followed by flat or irregularly torulose pods; sometimes placed in genus Piptadenia) }

{ genus_Calliandra, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Mimosoideae,#m (genus of pinnate-leaved shrubs and small trees of tropical and subtropical North and South America and India and West Africa) }
{ calliandra, shrub,@ genus_Calliandra,#m (any of various shrubs and small trees valued for their fine foliage and attractive spreading habit and clustered white to deep pink or red flowers) }

{ Enterolobium, genus_Enterolobium, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Mimosoideae,#m (small genus of tropical American timber trees closely allied to genus Albizia) }
{ conacaste, elephant's_ear2, Enterolobium_cyclocarpa, tree,@ genus_Enterolobium,#m (tropical South American tree having a wide-spreading crown of bipinnate leaves and coiled ear-shaped fruits; grown for shade and ornament as well as valuable timber) }

{ genus_Inga, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Mimosoideae,#m (genus of tropical trees or shrubs) }
{ inga, tree,@ genus_Inga,#m (any tree or shrub of the genus Inga having pinnate leaves and showy usually white flowers; cultivated as ornamentals) }
{ ice-cream_bean, Inga_edulis, tree,@ genus_Inga,#m (ornamental evergreen tree with masses of white flowers; tropical and subtropical America) }
{ guama, Inga_laurina, tree,@ genus_Inga,#m (tropical tree of Central America and West Indies and Puerto Rico having spikes of white flowers; used as shade for coffee plantations) }

{ Leucaena, genus_Leucaena, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Mimosoideae,#m (small genus of tropical evergreen trees or shrubs having pods like those of the acacia) }
{ lead_tree, white_popinac, Leucaena_glauca, Leucaena_leucocephala, tree,@ genus_Leucaena,#m (low scrubby tree of tropical and subtropical North America having white flowers tinged with yellow resembling mimosa and long flattened pods) }

{ Lysiloma, genus_Lysiloma, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Mimosoideae,#m (small genus of tropical American trees and shrubs with pinnate leaves and flat straight pods) }
{ wild_tamarind1, Lysiloma_latisiliqua, Lysiloma_bahamensis, tree,@ genus_Lysiloma,#m (a tree of the West Indies and Florida and Mexico; resembles tamarind and has long flat pods) }
{ sabicu1, Lysiloma_sabicu, shrub,@ genus_Lysiloma,#m (West Indian tree yielding a hard dark brown wood resembling mahogany in texture and value) }
{ sabicu2, sabicu_wood, noun.substance:wood,@ sabicu1,#s (the wood of the sabicu which resembles mahogany) }

{ Parkia, genus_Parkia, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Mimosoideae,#m (genus of tropical Old World trees: nitta trees) }
{ nitta_tree, tree,@ genus_Parkia,#m (any of several Old World tropical trees of the genus Parkia having heads of red or yellow flowers followed by pods usually containing edible seeds and pulp) }
{ Parkia_javanica, nitta_tree,@ (tall evergreen rain forest tree with wide-spreading crown having yellow-white flowers; grown as an ornamental in parks and large gardens) }

{ Piptadenia, genus_Piptadenia, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Mimosoideae,#m (tropical American trees and shrubs; often placed in other genera) }

{ Pithecellobium, genus_Pithecellobium, Pithecolobium, genus_Pithecolobium, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Mimosoideae,#m (thorny shrubs and trees of tropical and subtropical America and Asia) }
{ manila_tamarind, camachile, huamachil, wild_tamarind2, Pithecellobium_dulce, tree,@ genus_Pithecellobium,#m (common thorny tropical American tree having terminal racemes of yellow flowers followed by sickle-shaped or circinate edible pods and yielding good timber and a yellow dye and mucilaginous gum) }
{ cat's-claw, catclaw, black_bead, Pithecellobium_unguis-cati, shrub,@ genus_Pithecellobium,#m (erect shrub with small if any spines having racemes of white to yellow flowers followed by curved pointed pods and black shiny seeds; West Indies and Florida) }

{ Prosopis, genus_Prosopis, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Mimosoideae,#m (genus of tropical or subtropical branching shrubs or trees: mesquite) }
{ mesquite, mesquit, shrub,@ genus_Prosopis,#m (any of several small spiny trees or shrubs of the genus Prosopis having small flowers in axillary cylindrical spikes followed by large pods rich in sugar) }
{ honey_mesquite, Western_honey_mesquite, Prosopis_glandulosa, mesquite,@ (thorny deep-rooted drought-resistant shrub native to southwestern United States and Mexico bearing pods rich in sugar and important as livestock feed; tends to form extensive thickets) }
{ algarroba1, Prosopis_juliflora, Prosopis_juliiflora, mesquite,@ (mesquite of Gulf Coast and Caribbean Islands from Mexico to Venezuela) }
{ algarroba3, algarrobilla, algarobilla, bean2,@ algarroba1,#p (mesquite pod used in tanning and dyeing) }
{ screw_bean1, screwbean, tornillo, screwbean_mesquite, Prosopis_pubescens, mesquite,@ (shrub or small tree of southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico having spirally twisted pods) }
{ screw_bean2, pod,@ screwbean_mesquite,#p (spirally twisted sweet pod of screwbean mesquite that is used for fodder or ground into meal for feed) }

(++complete)
{ Apocynaceae, family_Apocynaceae, dogbane_family, dicot_family,@ order_Gentianales,#m (chiefly tropical trees or shrubs or herbs having milky juice and often showy flowers; many are sources of drugs) }
{ Apocynum, genus_Apocynum, dicot_genus,@ family_Apocynaceae,#m (perennial herbs with small pink or white flowers) }
{ dogbane, poisonous_plant,@ genus_Apocynum,#m (any of several poisonous perennial plants of the genus Apocynum having acrid milky juice and bell-shaped white or pink flowers and a very bitter root) }
{ common_dogbane, spreading_dogbane, rheumatism_weed1, Apocynum_androsaemifolium, dogbane,@ (North American perennial having pinkish flowers in loose cymes; used in folk medicine for pain or inflammation in joints) }
{ Indian_hemp1, rheumatism_weed2, Apocynum_cannabinum, dogbane,@ (Canadian dogbane yielding a tough fiber used as cordage by Native Americans; used in folk medicine for pain or inflammation in joints) }
{ Rocky_Mountain_dogbane, Apocynum_pumilum, dogbane,@ (North American plant similar to common dogbane) }

{ Acocanthera, genus_Acocanthera, Acokanthera, genus_Acokanthera, dicot_genus,@ family_Apocynaceae,#m (small genus of trees and shrubs containing strongly toxic cardiac glycosides; Arabia to Africa) }
{ winter_sweet4, poison_arrow_plant, Acocanthera_oblongifolia, Acocanthera_spectabilis, shrub,@ genus_Acocanthera,#m (medium-sized shrubby tree of South Africa having thick leathery evergreen leaves and white or pink flowers and globose usually two-seeded purplish black fruits) }
{ bushman's_poison, ordeal_tree, Acocanthera_oppositifolia, Acocanthera_venenata, shrub,@ genus_Acocanthera,#m (evergreen shrub or tree of South Africa) }

{ Adenium, genus_Adenium, dicot_genus,@ family_Apocynaceae,#m (one species: succulent shrub or tree of tropical Africa and Arabia) }
{ impala_lily, mock_azalia, desert_rose, kudu_lily, Adenium_obesum, Adenium_multiflorum, shrub,@ genus_Adenium,#m (South African shrub having a swollen succulent stem and bearing showy pink and white flowers after the leaves fall; popular as an ornamental in tropics) }

{ genus_Allamanda, dicot_genus,@ family_Apocynaceae,#m (genus of tropical American woody vines) }
{ allamanda, vine,@ genus_Allamanda,#m (a plant of the genus Allamanda having large showy funnel-shaped flowers in terminal cymes) }
{ common_allamanda, golden_trumpet, Allamanda_cathartica, allamanda,@ (vigorous evergreen climbing plant of South America having glossy leathery foliage and golden yellow flowers) }

{ Alstonia, genus_Alstonia, dicot_genus,@ family_Apocynaceae,#m (genus of evergreen trees or shrubs with white funnel-shaped flowers and milky sap; tropical Africa to southeastern Asia and Polynesia) }
{ dita, dita_bark, devil_tree, Alstonia_scholaris, tree,@ genus_Alstonia,#m (evergreen tree of eastern Asia and Philippines having large leathery leaves and small green-white flowers in compact cymes; bark formerly used medicinally) }

{ Amsonia, genus_Amsonia, dicot_genus,@ family_Apocynaceae,#m (genus of herbs and subshrubs with milky juice and showy bluish flowers; Europe to Asia Minor to Japan and North America) }
{ blue_star, Amsonia_tabernaemontana, subshrub,@ genus_Amsonia,#m (subshrubs of southeastern United States forming slow-growing clumps and having blue flowers in short terminal cymes) }

{ Beaumontia, genus_Beaumontia, dicot_genus,@ family_Apocynaceae,#m (small genus of evergreen woody vines in the East Indies and Asia) }
{ Nepal_trumpet_flower, Easter_lily_vine, Beaumontia_grandiflora, vine,@ genus_Beaumontia,#m (evergreen woody twiner with large glossy leaves and showy corymbs of fragrant white trumpet-shaped flowers) }

{ genus_Carissa, dicot_genus,@ family_Apocynaceae,#m (Old World genus of tropical evergreen usually spiny shrubs) }
{ carissa, shrub,@ genus_Carissa,#m (a shrub of the genus Carissa having fragrant white flowers and plumlike red to purple-black fruits) }
{ hedge_thorn, natal_plum1, Carissa_bispinosa, carissa,@ (South African shrub having forked spines and plumlike fruit; frequently used as hedging) }
{ natal_plum, amatungulu, Carissa_macrocarpa, Carissa_grandiflora, carissa,@ (very large closely branched South African shrub having forked bright green spines and shiny leaves) }

{ Catharanthus, genus_Catharanthus, dicot_genus,@ family_Apocynaceae,#m (small genus of erect annual or perennial herbs native to Madagascar; widely naturalized in the tropics; formerly included in genus Vinca) }
{ periwinkle2, rose_periwinkle, Madagascar_periwinkle, old_maid1, Cape_periwinkle, red_periwinkle, cayenne_jasmine, Catharanthus_roseus, Vinca_rosea, herb,@ genus_Catharanthus,#m (commonly cultivated Old World woody herb having large pinkish to red flowers) }

{ Holarrhena, genus_Holarrhena, dicot_genus,@ family_Apocynaceae,#m (genus of deciduous trees and shrubs of tropical Africa and Asia) }
{ ivory_tree, conessi, kurchi, kurchee, Holarrhena_pubescens, Holarrhena_antidysenterica, tree,@ genus_Holarrhena,#m (tropical Asian tree with hard white wood and bark formerly used as a remedy for dysentery and diarrhea) }

{ Mandevilla, genus_Mandevilla, Dipladenia, genus_Dipladenia, dicot_genus,@ family_Apocynaceae,#m (genus of tropical South American tuberous perennial woody vines with large racemose flowers and milky sap) }
{ white_dipladenia, Mandevilla_boliviensis, Dipladenia_boliviensis, liana,@ genus_Mandevilla,#m (shrubby climber having glossy leaves and white funnel-shaped flowers with yellow throats) }
{ Chilean_jasmine, Mandevilla_laxa, liana,@ genus_Mandevilla,#m (woody vine of Argentina grown as an ornamental for its glossy leaves and racemes of large fragrant funnel-shaped creamy-white flowers) }

{ Nerium, genus_Nerium, dicot_genus,@ family_Apocynaceae,#m (one species: oleander) }
{ oleander, rose_bay1, Nerium_oleander, poisonous_plant,@ genus_Nerium,#m (an ornamental but poisonous flowering shrub having narrow evergreen leaves and clusters of fragrant white to pink or red flowers: native to East Indies but widely cultivated in warm regions) }

{ Plumeria, genus_Plumeria, Plumiera, dicot_genus,@ family_Apocynaceae,#m (deciduous shrubs and trees of tropical America having branches like candelabra and fragrant white or pink flowers) }
{ frangipani, frangipanni, shrub,@ genus_Plumeria,#m (any of various tropical American deciduous shrubs or trees of the genus Plumeria having milky sap and showy fragrant funnel-shaped variously colored flowers) }
{ pagoda_tree1, temple_tree, Plumeria_acutifolia, frangipani,@ (frangipani of India having an erect habit and conical form; grown in temple gardens) }
{ West_Indian_jasmine, pagoda_tree2, Plumeria_alba, frangipani,@ (tall sparingly branched conical tree having large fragrant yellow flowers with white centers) }

{ genus_Rauwolfia, genus_Rauvolfia, dicot_genus,@ family_Apocynaceae,#m (pantropical genus of somewhat poisonous shrubs and small trees) }
{ rauwolfia, rauvolfia, shrub,@ genus_Rauwolfia,#m (any shrub or small tree of the genus Rauwolfia having leaves in whorls and cymose flowers; yield substances used medicinally especially as emetics or purgatives or antihypertensives) }
{ snakewood, Rauwolfia_serpentina, rauwolfia,@ (East Indian climbing shrub with twisted limbs and roots resembling serpents) }

{ genus_Strophanthus, dicot_genus,@ family_Apocynaceae,#m (genus of tropical Asiatic and African shrubs and woody vines and small trees) }
{ strophanthus, shrub,@ genus_Strophanthus,#m (any of various shrubs or small trees of the genus Strophanthus having whorled leaves and showy flowers of various colors in dense and corymbose clusters; some have poisonous seeds) }
{ Strophanthus_kombe, strophanthus,@ (plant that is a source of strophanthin) }

{ Tabernaemontana, genus_Tabernaemontana, dicot_genus,@ family_Apocynaceae,#m (evergreen tropical trees and shrubs with milky sap) }
{ crape_jasmine, crepe_jasmine, crepe_gardenia, pinwheel_flower, East_Indian_rosebay, Adam's_apple, Nero's_crown, coffee_rose, Tabernaemontana_divaricate, shrub,@ genus_Tabernaemontana,#m (tropical shrub having glossy foliage and fragrant nocturnal flowers with crimped or wavy corollas; northern India to Thailand) }

{ Thevetia, genus_Thevetia, dicot_genus,@ family_Apocynaceae,#m (genus of poisonous tropical American evergreen shrubs and trees having entire leaves and large cymose flowers) }
{ yellow_oleander, Thevetia_peruviana, Thevetia_neriifolia, shrub,@ genus_Thevetia,#m (tropical American shrub or small tree having glossy dark green leaves and fragrant saffron yellow to orange or peach- colored flowers; all parts highly poisonous) }

{ Trachelospermum, genus_Trachelospermum, dicot_genus,@ family_Apocynaceae,#m (genus of Asiatic woody vines with milky sap in leaves and stems) }
{ star_jasmine, confederate_jasmine, Trachelospermum_jasminoides, vine,@ genus_Trachelospermum,#m (evergreen Chinese woody climber with shiny dark green leaves and intensely fragrant white flowers) }

{ Vinca, genus_Vinca, dicot_genus,@ family_Apocynaceae,#m (periwinkles: low creeping evergreen perennials) }
{ periwinkle1, subshrub,@ genus_Vinca,#m (chiefly trailing poisonous plants with blue flowers) }
{ myrtle2, Vinca_minor, periwinkle1,@ (widely cultivated as a groundcover for its dark green shiny leaves and usually blue-violet flowers) }
{ large_periwinkle, Vinca_major, periwinkle1,@ (plant having variegated foliage and used for window boxes) }


{ Arales, order_Arales, plant_order,@ subclass_Arecidae,#m (Araceae; Lemnaceae) }
(==arecid_monocot_family...)

{ [ Araceae, adj.pert:araceous,+ ] family_Araceae, arum_family, monocot_family,@ order_Arales,#m (anthurium; calla lily; jack-in-the-pulpit; philodendron) }
{ arum1, [ aroid, adj.pert:aroid,+ ] herb,@ arum_family,#m (any plant of the family Araceae; have small flowers massed on a spadix surrounded by a large spathe) }

{ genus_Arum, monocot_genus,@ family_Araceae,#m (type genus of the Araceae: tuberous perennial herbs of Europe and Asia with usually heart-shaped leaves) }
{ arum2, noun.substance:starch,@ cuckoopint,#p (starch resembling sago that is obtained from cuckoopint root) }
{ cuckoopint, lords-and-ladies, jack-in-the-pulpit2, Arum_maculatum, arum1,@ genus_Arum,#m (common European arum with lanceolate spathe and short purple spadix; emerges in early spring; source of a starch called arum) }
{ black_calla, Arum_palaestinum, arum1,@ genus_Arum,#m (ornamental plant of Middle East cultivated for its dark purple spathe) }

{ Acorus, genus_Acorus, monocot_genus,@ family_Araceae,#m (sweet flags; sometimes placed in subfamily Acoraceae) }
{ Acoraceae, subfamily_Acoraceae, monocot_family,@ family_Araceae,#m (used in some classifications for the genus Acorus which is usually assigned to Araceae) }
{ sweet_flag, calamus1, sweet_calamus, myrtle_flag, flagroot, Acorus_calamus, marsh_plant,@ genus_Acorus,#m (perennial marsh plant having swordlike leaves and aromatic roots) }
{ calamus2, root,@ sweet_flag,#p (the aromatic root of the sweet flag used medicinally) }
{ calamus_oil, noun.substance:oil,@ sweet_flag,#s (carcinogenic oil from calamus root used as a perfume) }
{ Aglaonema, genus_Aglaonema, monocot_genus,@ family_Araceae,#m (climbing herbs of southeastern Asia having thick fleshy oblong leaves and naked unisexual flowers: Chinese evergreen) }
{ Chinese_evergreen, Japanese_leaf, Aglaonema_modestum, houseplant,@ genus_Aglaonema,#m (erect or partially climbing herb having large green or variegated leaves) }
{ genus_Alocasia, monocot_genus,@ family_Araceae,#m (tropical Asiatic herbs similar to Colocasia but distinguished by a large sterile spadix) }
{ alocasia, elephant's_ear1, elephant_ear, aroid,@ genus_Alocasia,#m (any plant of the genus Alocasia having large showy basal leaves and boat-shaped spathe and reddish berries) }
{ giant_taro, Alocasia_macrorrhiza, alocasia,@ (large evergreen with extremely large erect or spreading leaves; cultivated widely in tropics for its edible rhizome and shoots; used in wet warm regions as a stately ornamental) }
{ genus_Amorphophallus, monocot_genus,@ family_Araceae,#m (genus of large tropical east Asian cormous aroids: devil's tongue; snake palm) }
{ amorphophallus, aroid,@ genus_Amorphophallus,#m (any plant of the genus Amorphophallus) }
{ pungapung, telingo_potato, elephant_yam, Amorphophallus_paeonifolius, Amorphophallus_campanulatus, aroid,@ genus_Amorphophallus,#m noun.location:Philippines,;r (putrid-smelling aroid of southeastern Asia (especially the Philippines) grown for its edible tuber) }
{ devil's_tongue, snake_palm, umbrella_arum, Amorphophallus_rivieri, aroid,@ genus_Amorphophallus,#m (foul-smelling somewhat fleshy tropical plant of southeastern Asia cultivated for its edible corms or in the greenhouse for its large leaves and showy dark red spathe surrounding a large spadix) }
{ krubi, titan_arum, Amorphophallus_titanum, aroid,@ genus_Amorphophallus,#m (malodorous tropical plant having a spathe that resembles the corolla of a morning glory and attains a diameter of several feet) }
{ genus_Anthurium, monocot_genus,@ family_Araceae,#m (large genus of often epiphytic evergreen tropical American plants often cultivated as houseplants) }
{ anthurium, tailflower, tail-flower, houseplant,@ genus_Anthurium,#m (any of various tropical American plants cultivated for their showy foliage and flowers) }
{ flamingo_flower, flamingo_plant, Anthurium_andraeanum, Anthurium_scherzerianum, anthurium,@ (commonly cultivated anthurium having bright scarlet spathe and spadix) }
{ Arisaema, genus_Arisaema, monocot_genus,@ family_Araceae,#m (tuberous or rhizomatous herbaceous perennials) }
{ jack-in-the-pulpit1, Indian_turnip, wake-robin2, Arisaema_triphyllum, Arisaema_atrorubens, aroid,@ genus_Arisaema,#m (common American spring-flowering woodland herb having sheathing leaves and an upright club-shaped spadix with overarching green and purple spathe producing scarlet berries) }
{ green_dragon1, Arisaema_dracontium, aroid,@ genus_Arisaema,#m (early spring-flowering plant of eastern North America resembling the related jack-in-the-pulpit but having digitate leaves, slender greenish yellow spathe and elongated spadix) }
{ Arisarum, genus_Arisarum, monocot_genus,@ family_Araceae,#m (tuberous or rhizomatous perennial herbs; mainly Mediterranean area) }
{ friar's-cowl, Arisarum_vulgare, aroid,@ genus_Arisarum,#m (tuberous perennial having a cowl-shaped maroon or violet-black spathe; Mediterranean; Canaries; Azores) }
{ genus_Caladium, monocot_genus,@ family_Araceae,#m (small genus of tropical South American tuberous perennials with large variously colored leaves) }
{ caladium, aroid,@ genus_Caladium,#m (any plant of the genus Caladium cultivated for their ornamental foliage variously patterned in white or pink or red) }
{ Caladium_bicolor, caladium,@ (most popular caladium; cultivated in many varieties since the late 19th century) }
{ Calla1, genus_Calla, monocot_genus,@ family_Araceae,#m (water arum) }
{ wild_calla, water_arum, Calla_palustris, marsh_plant,@ genus_Calla,#m (plant of wetlands and bogs of temperate regions having small greenish flowers partly enclosed in a white spathe and red berries) }
{ Colocasia, genus_Colocasia, monocot_genus,@ family_Araceae,#m (small genus of perennial tuberous herbs of tropical Asia: taro) }
{ taro, taro_plant, dalo, dasheen1, Colocasia_esculenta, aroid,@ genus_Colocasia,#m (herb of the Pacific islands grown throughout the tropics for its edible root and in temperate areas as an ornamental for its large glossy leaves) }
{ taro2, cocoyam, dasheen2, eddo, root,@ taro,#p (edible starchy tuberous root of taro plants) }
{ genus_Cryptocoryne, monocot_genus,@ family_Araceae,#m (water trumpet; aquatic herbs having broad leaves and long slender spathes; often used as aquarium plants) }
{ cryptocoryne, water_trumpet, aquatic_plant,@ genus_Cryptocoryne,#m (any plant of the genus Cryptocoryne; evergreen perennials growing in fresh or brackish water; tropical Asia) }
{ Dieffenbachia, genus_Dieffenbachia, monocot_genus,@ family_Araceae,#m (evergreen perennial herbs of tropical America with lush foliage and poisonous sap; often cultivated as houseplants) }
{ dumb_cane, mother-in-law_plant, mother-in-law's_tongue2, Dieffenbachia_sequine, aroid,@ genus_Dieffenbachia,#m (an evergreen plant with large showy dark green leaves; contains a poison that swells the tongue and throat hence the name) }
{ genus_Dracontium, monocot_genus,@ family_Araceae,#m (small genus of tropical American cormous herbs) }
{ dracontium, aroid,@ genus_Dracontium,#m (any plant of the genus Dracontium; strongly malodorous tropical American plants usually with gigantic leaves) }
{ Dracunculus, genus_Dracunculus, monocot_genus,@ family_Araceae,#m (tuberous herbaceous perennials: dragon arum) }
{ dragon_arum, green_dragon2, Dracunculus_vulgaris, aroid,@ genus_Dracunculus,#m (European arum resembling the cuckoopint) }
{ Epipremnum, genus_Epipremnum, monocot_genus,@ family_Araceae,#m (small genus of evergreen lianas of southeastern Asia to western Pacific areas) }
{ golden_pothos, pothos2, ivy_arum, Epipremnum_aureum, Scindapsus_aureus, liana,@ genus_Epipremnum,#m (evergreen liana widely cultivated for its variegated foliage) }
{ Lysichiton, genus_Lysichiton, Lysichitum, genus_Lysichitum, monocot_genus,@ family_Araceae,#m (skunk cabbage) }
{ skunk_cabbage2, Lysichiton_americanum, marsh_plant,@ (clump-forming deciduous perennial swamp plant of western North America similar to Symplocarpus foetidus but having a yellow spathe) }
{ genus_Monstera, monocot_genus,@ family_Araceae,#m (tropical American climbing plant with deeply incised leaves) }
{ monstera, liana,@ genus_Monstera,#m (any plant of the genus Monstera; often grown as houseplants) }
{ ceriman, Monstera_deliciosa, monstera,@ (tropical American vine having roots that hang like cords and cylindrical fruit with a pineapple and banana flavor) }
{ genus_Nephthytis, monocot_genus,@ family_Araceae,#m (small genus of tropical western African creeping or twining herbs) }
{ nephthytis, aroid,@ genus_Nephthytis,#m (any plant of the genus Nephthytis) }
{ Nephthytis_afzelii, nephthytis,@ (tropical rhizomatous plant cultivated as an ornamental for its large sagittate leaves) }
{ Orontium, genus_Orontium, monocot_genus,@ family_Araceae,#m (one species of aquatic plant: golden club) }
{ golden_club, Orontium_aquaticum, aquatic_plant,@ genus_Orontium,#m (aquatic plant of the southeastern United States having blue-green leaves and a spadix resembling a club covered with tiny yellow flowers) }
{ Peltandra, genus_Peltandra, monocot_genus,@ family_Araceae,#m (small genus of North American marsh or aquatic herbs) }
{ arrow_arum, aquatic_plant,@ genus_Peltandra,#m (an aquatic plant of the genus Peltandra; North America) }
{ green_arrow_arum, tuckahoe, Peltandra_virginica, arrow_arum,@ (perennial herb of the eastern United States having arrowhead-shaped leaves and an elongate pointed spathe and green berries) }
{ genus_Philodendron, monocot_genus,@ family_Araceae,#m (any of several tropical American climbing plants with smooth shiny evergreen leaves) }
{ philodendron, liana,@ genus_Philodendron,#m (often grown as a houseplant) }
{ genus_Pistia, monocot_genus,@ family_Araceae,#m (one species: water lettuce) }
{ pistia, water_lettuce, water_cabbage, Pistia_stratiotes, Pistia_stratoites, aquatic_plant,@ genus_Pistia,#m (pantropical floating plant forming a rosette of wedge-shaped leaves; a widespread weed in rivers and lakes) }
{ Scindapsus, genus_Scindapsus, genus_Pothos, monocot_genus,@ family_Araceae,#m (evergreen climbers with adhesive adventitious roots; southeastern Asia and Brazil) }
{ pothos1, liana,@ genus_Scindapsus,#m (any of various tropical lianas of the genus Scindapsus) }
{ genus_Spathiphyllum, monocot_genus,@ family_Araceae,#m (evergreen rhizomatous perennials of tropical America and Philippines and Indonesia) }
{ spathiphyllum, peace_lily, spathe_flower, flower,@ genus_Spathiphyllum,#m (any of various plants of the genus Spathiphyllum having a white or green spathe and a spike of fragrant flowers and often cultivated as an ornamental) }
{ Symplocarpus, genus_Symplocarpus, monocot_genus,@ family_Araceae,#m (one species: skunk cabbage) }
{ skunk_cabbage1, polecat_weed, foetid_pothos, Symplocarpus_foetidus, marsh_plant,@ genus_Symplocarpus,#m (deciduous perennial low-growing fetid swamp plant of eastern North America having minute flowers enclosed in a mottled greenish or purple cowl-shaped spathe) }
{ Syngonium, genus_Syngonium, monocot_genus,@ family_Araceae,#m (epiphytic or terrestrial climbing shrubs of Central and South America; used as ornamental houseplants for their velvety foliage) }
{ Xanthosoma, genus_Xanthosoma, monocot_genus,@ family_Araceae,#m (tropical American tuberous perennials) }
{ yautia, tannia, spoonflower, malanga, Xanthosoma_sagittifolium, Xanthosoma_atrovirens, aroid,@ genus_Xanthosoma,#m (tropical American aroid having edible tubers that are cooked and eaten like yams or potatoes) }
{ Zantedeschia, genus_Zantedeschia, monocot_genus,@ family_Araceae,#m (calla lily) }
{ calla_lily, calla2, arum_lily, Zantedeschia_aethiopica, flower,@ genus_Zantedeschia,#m (South African plant widely cultivated for its showy pure white spathe and yellow spadix) }
{ pink_calla, Zantedeschia_rehmanii, calla_lily,@ (calla having a rose-colored spathe) }
{ golden_calla, calla_lily,@ (any of several callas of the genus Zantedeschia having yellow spathes) }

{ Lemnaceae, family_Lemnaceae, duckweed_family, monocot_family,@ order_Arales,#m (family of small free-floating thalloid plants) }
{ duckweed, aquatic_plant,@ family_Lemnaceae,#m (any small or minute aquatic plant of the family Lemnaceae that float on or near the surface of shallow ponds) }
{ Lemna, genus_Lemna, monocot_genus,@ family_Lemnaceae,#m (minute aquatic herbs floating on or below the water surface of still water consisting of a leaflike frond or plant body and single root) }
{ common_duckweed, lesser_duckweed, Lemna_minor, duckweed,@ genus_Lemna,#m (of temperate regions except eastern Asia and Australia) }
{ star-duckweed, Lemna_trisulca, duckweed,@ genus_Lemna,#m (cosmopolitan in temperate regions except North America) }
{ Spirodela, genus_Spirodela, monocot_genus,@ family_Lemnaceae,#m (minute aquatic herbs floating on the water surface consisting of a shiny leaflike frond and 2-21 roots) }
{ great_duckweed, water_flaxseed, Spirodela_polyrrhiza, duckweed,@ genus_Spirodela,#m (cosmopolitan except South America and New Zealand and some oceanic islands) }
{ Wolffia, genus_Wolffia, monocot_genus,@ family_Lemnaceae,#m (minute rootless aquatic herbs having globular fronds floating on or near the water surface and bearing one flower per frond) }
{ watermeal, duckweed,@ genus_Wolffia,#m (any of various aquatic plants of the genus Wolffia; throughout warmer regions of the world) }
{ common_wolffia, Wolffia_columbiana, watermeal,@ (smallest flowering plants known; of the Americas) }
{ Wolffiella, genus_Wolffiella, monocot_genus,@ family_Lemnaceae,#m (minute rootless aquatic herbs having flat fronds floating on or below the water surface and bearing 1-2 flowers per frond; America and Africa) }
{ mud_midget, bogmat, Wolffiella_gladiata, duckweed,@ genus_Wolffiella,#m (having narrow flat sickle-shaped submerged fronds; North America) }

{ Araliaceae, family_Araliaceae, ivy_family, rosid_dicot_family,@ order_Umbellales,#m (mostly tropical trees and shrubs and lianas: genera Panax and Hedera) }
{ genus_Aralia, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Araliaceae,#m (type genus of Araliaceae; large widely distributed genus of shrubs and trees and vines: spikenard; Hercules'-club) }
{ aralia, woody_plant,@ genus_Aralia,#m (any of various plants of the genus Aralia; often aromatic plants having compound leaves and small umbellate flowers) }
{ American_angelica_tree, devil's_walking_stick, Hercules'-club2, Aralia_spinosa, shrub,@ genus_Aralia,#m (small deciduous clump-forming tree or shrub of eastern United States) }
{ wild_sarsaparilla, false_sarsaparilla, wild_sarsparilla, Aralia_nudicaulis, subshrub,@ genus_Aralia,#m (common perennial herb having aromatic roots used as a substitute for sarsaparilla; central and eastern North America) }
{ American_spikenard, petty_morel, life-of-man, Aralia_racemosa, subshrub,@ genus_Aralia,#m (unarmed woody rhizomatous perennial plant distinguished from wild sarsaparilla by more aromatic roots and panicled umbels; southeastern North America to Mexico) }
{ bristly_sarsaparilla, bristly_sarsparilla, dwarf_elder2, Aralia_hispida, subshrub,@ genus_Aralia,#m (bristly herb of eastern and central North America having black fruit and medicinal bark) }
{ Japanese_angelica_tree, Aralia_elata, shrub,@ genus_Aralia,#m (deciduous clump-forming Asian shrub or small tree; adventive in the eastern United States) }
{ Chinese_angelica, Chinese_angelica_tree, Aralia_stipulata, shrub,@ (similar to American angelica tree but less prickly; China) }
{ Hedera, genus_Hedera, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Araliaceae,#m (Old World woody vines) }
{ ivy, common_ivy, English_ivy, Hedera_helix, vine,@ genus_Hedera,#m (Old World vine with lobed evergreen leaves and black berrylike fruits) }
{ Meryta, genus_Meryta, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Araliaceae,#m (small to medium evergreen dioecious trees of oceanic climates: puka) }
{ puka1, Meryta_sinclairii, tree,@ genus_Meryta,#m (small roundheaded New Zealand tree having large resinous leaves and panicles of green-white flowers) }
{ Panax, genus_Panax, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Araliaceae,#m (perennial herbs of eastern North America and Asia having aromatic tuberous roots: ginseng) }
{ ginseng1, nin-sin, Panax_ginseng, Panax_schinseng, Panax_pseudoginseng, herb,@ genus_Panax,#m (Chinese herb with palmately compound leaves and small greenish flowers and forked aromatic roots believed to have medicinal powers) }
{ American_ginseng, sang, Panax_quinquefolius, herb,@ genus_Panax,#m (North American woodland herb similar to and used as substitute for the Chinese ginseng) }
{ ginseng2, root,@ ginseng1,#p American_ginseng,#p (aromatic root of ginseng plants) }
{ Schefflera, genus_Schefflera, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Araliaceae,#m (large genus of shrubby and climbing tropical plants having showy digitately compound foliage) }
{ umbrella_tree2, Schefflera_actinophylla, Brassaia_actinophylla, shrub,@ genus_Schefflera,#m (erect evergreen shrub or small tree of Australia and northern New Guinea having palmately compound leaves) }

{ Aristolochiales, order_Aristolochiales, plant_order,@ class_Dicotyledones,#m (order of plants distinguished by tubular petaloid perianth and inferior ovary) }
{ Aristolochiaceae, family_Aristolochiaceae, birthwort_family, dicot_family,@ order_Aristolochiales,#m (family of birthworts (including wild ginger)) }
{ Aristolochia, genus_Aristolochia, dicot_genus,@ family_Aristolochiaceae,#m (birthworts; Dutchman's-pipe) }
{ birthwort, Aristolochia_clematitis, vine,@ genus_Aristolochia,#m (creeping plant having curving flowers thought to resemble fetuses; native to Europe; naturalized Great Britain and eastern North America) }
{ Dutchman's-pipe, pipe_vine, Aristolochia_macrophylla, Aristolochia_durior, birthwort,@ (hardy deciduous vine having large leaves and flowers with the calyx tube curved like the bowl of a pipe) }
{ Virginia_snakeroot, Virginia_serpentaria, Virginia_serpentary, Aristolochia_serpentaria, birthwort,@ (birthwort of the eastern United States woodlands) }
{ Asarum, genus_Asarum, dicot_genus,@ family_Aristolochiaceae,#m (wild ginger) }
{ wild_ginger, herb,@ genus_Asarum,#m (low-growing perennial herb with pungent gingery leaves and rhizomes) }
{ Canada_ginger, black_snakeroot2, Asarum_canadense, wild_ginger,@ (deciduous low-growing perennial of Canada and eastern and central United States) }
{ heartleaf1, heart-leaf1, Asarum_virginicum, wild_ginger,@ (evergreen low-growing perennial having mottled green and silvery-grey heart-shaped pungent leaves; Virginia to South Carolina) }
{ heartleaf2, heart-leaf2, Asarum_shuttleworthii, herb,@ genus_Asarum,#m (wild ginger having persistent heart-shaped pungent leaves; West Virginia to Alabama) }
{ asarabacca, Asarum_europaeum, wild_ginger,@ (thick creeping evergreen herb of western Europe) }
{ Rafflesiaceae, family_Rafflesiaceae, dicot_family,@ order_Aristolochiales,#m (a family of parasitic plants of the order Aristolochiales) }
{ Hydnoraceae, family_Hydnoraceae, dicot_family,@ order_Aristolochiales,#m (a family of flowering plants in Africa and Argentina that are parasitic on the roots of other plants) }

{ Caryophyllidae, subclass_Caryophyllidae, noun.group:class2,@ class_Dicotyledones,#m (a group of families of mostly flowers having basal or central placentation and trinucleate pollen (binucleate pollen is commoner in flowering plants); contains 14 families including: Caryophyllaceae (carnations and pinks); Aizoaceae; Amaranthaceae; Batidaceae; Chenopodiaceae; Cactaceae (order Opuntiales); Nyctaginaceae; Phytolaccaceae; corresponds approximately to order Caryophyllales; sometimes classified as a superorder) }

{ Caryophyllales, order_Caryophyllales, Chenopodiales, order-Chenopodiales, plant_order,@ subclass_Caryophyllidae,#m (corresponds approximately to the older group Centrospermae) }
{ Centrospermae, group_Centrospermae, noun.group:taxonomic_group,@ (used in former classification systems; approximately synonymous with order Caryophyllales) }

{ [ Caryophyllaceae, adj.pert:caryophyllaceous,+ ] family_Caryophyllaceae, carnation_family, pink_family, caryophylloid_dicot_family,@ order_Caryophyllales,#m (large family of herbs or subshrubs (usually with stems swollen at the nodes)) }
{ caryophyllaceous_plant, herb,@ family_Caryophyllaceae,#m (a plant of the family Caryophyllaceae) }

{ Agrostemma, genus_Agrostemma, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Caryophyllaceae,#m (a caryophylloid dicot genus including corn cockles) }
{ corn_cockle, corn_campion, crown-of-the-field, Agrostemma_githago, weed,@ genus_Agrostemma,#m (European annual having large trumpet-shaped reddish-purple flowers and poisonous seed; a common weed in grainfields and beside roadways; naturalized in America) }
{ Arenaria, genus_Arenaria, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Caryophyllaceae,#m (sandworts) }
{ sandwort1, flower,@ genus_Arenaria,#m (low-growing chiefly perennial plant usually with small white flowers suitable for e.g. rock gardens) }
{ mountain_sandwort, mountain_starwort, mountain_daisy, Arenaria_groenlandica, sandwort1,@ (boreal or alpine sandwort) }
{ pine-barren_sandwort, longroot, Arenaria_caroliniana, sandwort1,@ (deep-rooted perennial of southeastern United States) }
{ seabeach_sandwort, Arenaria_peploides, sandwort1,@ (perennial succulent herb with small solitary axillary or terminal flowers) }
{ rock_sandwort, Arenaria_stricta, sandwort1,@ (low perennial tufted plant of southeastern North America) }
{ thyme-leaved_sandwort, Arenaria_serpyllifolia, sandwort1,@ (Eurasian annual sprawling plant naturalized throughout North America) }
{ Cerastium, genus_Cerastium, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Caryophyllaceae,#m (mouse-eared chickweed) }
{ mouse-ear_chickweed, mouse_eared_chickweed, mouse_ear1, clammy_chickweed, chickweed2, herb,@ genus_Cerastium,#m (any of various plants related to the common chickweed) }
{ field_chickweed, field_mouse-ear, Cerastium_arvense, mouse-ear_chickweed,@ (densely tufted perennial chickweed of north temperate zone) }
{ snow-in-summer1, love-in-a-mist2, Cerastium_tomentosum, mouse-ear_chickweed,@ (chickweed with hairy silver-grey leaves and rather large white flowers) }
{ Alpine_mouse-ear, Arctic_mouse-ear, Cerastium_alpinum, mouse-ear_chickweed,@ (widespread in the Arctic and on mountains in Europe) }
{ Dianthus, genus_Dianthus, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Caryophyllaceae,#m (carnations and pinks) }
{ pink, garden_pink, flower,@ genus_Dianthus,#m (any of various flowers of plants of the genus Dianthus cultivated for their fragrant flowers) }
{ sweet_William, Dianthus_barbatus, pink,@ (Eurasian pink widely cultivated for its flat-topped dense clusters of varicolored flowers) }
{ [ carnation, adj.all:chromatic^carnation,+ ] clove_pink, gillyflower1, Dianthus_caryophyllus, pink,@ (Eurasian plant with pink to purple-red spice-scented usually double flowers; widely cultivated in many varieties and many colors) }
{ china_pink, rainbow_pink, Dianthus_chinensis, pink,@ (Chinese pink with deeply toothed rose-lilac flowers with a purplish eye; usually raised as an annual) }
{ Japanese_pink, Dianthus_chinensis_heddewigii, China_pink,@ (a flowering variety of China pink distinguished by jagged-edged petals) }
{ maiden_pink, Dianthus_deltoides, pink,@ (low-growing loosely mat-forming Eurasian pink with a single pale pink flower with a crimson center) }
{ cheddar_pink, Diangus_gratianopolitanus, pink,@ (mat-forming perennial of central Europe with large fragrant pink or red flowers) }
{ button_pink, Dianthus_latifolius, pink,@ (much-branched pink with flowers in clusters; closely related to sweet William) }
{ cottage_pink, grass_pink2, Dianthus_plumarius, pink,@ (European pink cultivated for its very fragrant pink or rosy flowers) }
{ fringed_pink1, Dianthus_supurbus, pink,@ (Eurasian perennial pink having fragrant lilac or rose flowers with deeply fringed margins) }
{ genus_Drypis, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Caryophyllaceae,#m (one species) }
{ drypis, herb,@ genus_Drypis,#m (spiny-leaved perennial herb of southern Europe having terminal clusters of small flowers) }
{ Gypsophila, genus_Gypsophila, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Caryophyllaceae,#m (Mediterranean herbs having small white or pink flowers) }
{ baby's_breath, babies'-breath, Gypsophila_paniculata, flower,@ genus_Gypsophila,#m (tall plant with small lance-shaped leaves and numerous tiny white or pink flowers) }
{ Hernaria, genus_Hernaria, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Caryophyllaceae,#m (low-growing Old World herbs with minute bright green leaves) }
{ rupturewort, Hernaria_glabra, groundcover2,@ genus_Hernaria,#m (common prostrate Old World herb often used as a ground cover; formerly reputed to cure ruptures) }
{ Illecebrum, genus_Illecebrum, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Caryophyllaceae,#m (one species: coral necklace) }
{ coral_necklace, Illecebrum_verticullatum, herb,@ genus_Illecebrum,#m (glabrous annual with slender taproot and clusters of white flowers; western Europe especially western Mediterranean and Atlantic coastal areas) }
{ genus_Lychnis, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Caryophyllaceae,#m (genus of plants strongly resembling those of genus Silene: catchfly) }
{ lychnis, catchfly1, flower,@ genus_Lychnis,#m (mostly perennial herbs with sticky stems that catch insects; widespread in north temperate zone) }
{ ragged_robin, cuckoo_flower, Lychnis_flos-cuculi, Lychins_floscuculi, lychnis,@ (common perennial native to Europe and western Asia having usually pink flowers with ragged petals) }
{ scarlet_lychnis, maltese_cross, Lychins_chalcedonica, lychnis,@ (Eurasian garden perennial having scarlet flowers in dense terminal heads) }
{ mullein_pink, rose_campion, gardener's_delight, dusty_miller5, Lychnis_coronaria, lychnis,@ (an old cottage garden plant of southeastern Europe widely cultivated for its attractive white woolly foliage and showy crimson flowers) }
{ Minuartia, genus_Minuartia, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Caryophyllaceae,#m (mostly perennial herbs of northern hemisphere often with mat-forming habit; most often placed in genus Arenaria: sandworts) }
{ Moehringia, genus_Moehringia, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Caryophyllaceae,#m (low-growing herbs widely distributed in temperate and Arctic northern hemisphere: sandworts; distinguished from members of the genus Arenaria mainly by having four-petaled rather than five-petaled flowers) }
{ sandwort2, Moehringia_lateriflora, flower,@ genus_Moehringia,#m (low-growing herb having clusters of small white four-petaled flowers) }
{ sandwort3, Moehringia_mucosa, flower,@ genus_Moehringia,#m (loosely matted plant with moss-like foliage studded with tiny starry four-petaled white blossoms; mountains of central and southern Europe) }
{ Paronychia, genus_Paronychia, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Caryophyllaceae,#m (low-growing annual or perennial herbs or woody plants; whitlowworts) }
{ whitlowwort, groundcover2,@ genus_Paronychia,#m (any of various low-growing tufted plants of the genus Paronychia having tiny greenish flowers and usually whorled leaves; widespread throughout warm regions of both Old and New Worlds; formerly thought to cure whitlows (suppurative infections around a fingernail)) }
{ Petrocoptis, genus_Petrocoptis, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Caryophyllaceae,#m (perennial tussock-forming rock plants; of Pyrenees and mountains of northern Spain; similar to and sometimes placed in genus Lychnis) }
{ Sagina, genus_Sagina, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Caryophyllaceae,#m (small low-growing annual or perennial herbs of temperate and cool regions) }
{ pearlwort, pearlweed, pearl-weed, groundcover2,@ genus_Sagina,#m (any of various low-growing plants of the genus Sagina having small spherical flowers resembling pearls) }
{ Saponaria, genus_Saponaria, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Caryophyllaceae,#m (mostly perennial Old World herbs) }
{ soapwort, hedge_pink, bouncing_Bet, bouncing_Bess, Saponaria_officinalis, flower,@ genus_Saponaria,#m (plant of European origin having pink or white flowers and leaves yielding a detergent when bruised) }
{ Scleranthus, genus_Scleranthus, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Caryophyllaceae,#m (small genus of Old World weedy prostrate annuals: knawel) }
{ knawel, knawe, Scleranthus_annuus, weed,@ genus_Scleranthus,#m (widely distributed low-growing Eurasian herb having narrow leaves and inconspicuous green flowers) }
{ genus_Silene, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Caryophyllaceae,#m (large widely distributed genus of plants having mostly showy flowers of various colors: campion; catchfly) }
{ silene, campion, catchfly2, flower,@ genus_Silene,#m (any plant of the genus Silene) }
{ moss_campion, Silene_acaulis, campion,@ genus_Silene,#m (tuft- or mat-forming dwarf perennial of Arctic regions of western and central Europe and North America) }
{ wild_pink1, Silene_caroliniana, campion,@ genus_Silene,#m (perennial of eastern and central North America having short-stalked pink or white flowers in hairy clusters) }
{ red_campion, red_bird's_eye, Silene_dioica, Lychnis_dioica, campion,@ genus_Silene,#m (biennial European catchfly having red or pink flowers; sometimes placed in genus Lychnis) }
{ white_campion, evening_lychnis, white_cockle, bladder_campion1, Silene_latifolia, Lychnis_alba, campion,@ genus_Silene,#m (bluish-green herb having sticky stems and clusters of large evening-opening white flowers with much-inflated calyx; sometimes placed in genus Lychnis) }
{ fire_pink, Silene_virginica, campion,@ genus_Silene,#m (perennial herb of eastern North America, having red flowers with narrow notched petals) }
{ bladder_campion2, Silene_uniflora, Silene_vulgaris, campion,@ (perennial of Arctic Europe having large white flowers with inflated calyx) }
{ Spergula, genus_Spergula, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Caryophyllaceae,#m (small genus of Old World annual herbs: corn spurry) }
{ corn_spurry, corn_spurrey, Spergula_arvensis, weed,@ genus_Spergula,#m (small European weed with whorled leaves and white flowers) }
{ Spergularia, genus_Spergularia, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Caryophyllaceae,#m (chiefly maritime Eurasian herbs: sand spurry; sea spurry) }
{ sand_spurry, sea_spurry, Spergularia_rubra, weed,@ genus_Spergularia,#m (prostrate weedy herb with tiny pink flowers; widespread throughout Europe and Asia on sand dunes and heath and coastal cliffs; naturalized in eastern North America) }
{ Stellaria, genus_Stellaria, caryophylloid_dicot_family,@ family_Caryophyllaceae,#m (common chickweed; stitchwort) }
{ chickweed, herb,@ genus_Stellaria,#m (any of various plants of the genus Stellaria) }
{ common_chickweed, Stellaria_media, chickweed,@ (a common low-growing annual garden weed with small white flowers; cosmopolitan; so-called because it is eaten by chickens) }
{ stitchwort, greater_stitchwort, starwort, Stellaria_holostea, chickweed,@ (low-growing north temperate herb having small white star-shaped flowers; named for its alleged ability to ease sharp pains in the side) }
{ Vaccaria, genus_Vaccaria, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Caryophyllaceae,#m (cow-cockles) }
{ cowherb, cow_cockle, Vaccaria_hispanica, Vaccaria_pyramidata, Saponaria_vaccaria, flower,@ genus_Vaccaria,#m (European annual with pale rose-colored flowers; cultivated flower or self-sown grainfield weed; introduced in North America; sometimes classified as a soapwort) }

{ Aizoaceae, family_Aizoaceae, Tetragoniaceae, family_Tetragoniaceae, carpetweed_family, caryophylloid_dicot_family,@ order_Caryophyllales,#m (succulent herbs or small shrubs mostly of South Africa but also New Zealand and North America: carpetweeds; fig marigolds) }

{ Carpobrotus, genus_Carpobrotus, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Aizoaceae,#m (a caryophyllaceous genus of Carpobrotus) }
{ Hottentot_fig, Hottentot's_fig, sour_fig, Carpobrotus_edulis, Mesembryanthemum_edule, succulent,@ genus_Carpobrotus,#m (low-growing South African succulent plant having a capsular fruit containing edible pulp) }

{ Dorotheanthus, genus_Dorotheanthus, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Aizoaceae,#m (a caryophyllaceous genus of Dorotheanthus) }
{ livingstone_daisy, Dorotheanthus_bellidiformis, succulent,@ genus_Dorotheanthus,#m (low-growing showy succulent annual of South Africa having white or pink or red or orange flowers and spatulate leaves covered in papillae that resemble small crystals) }
{ papilla, noun.body:process,@ noun.cognition:botany,;c ((botany) a tiny outgrowth on the surface of a petal or leaf) }

{ genus_Lithops, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Aizoaceae,#m (genus of stemless South African succulents) }
{ lithops, living_stone, stoneface, stone-face, stone_plant, stone_life_face, flowering_stone, succulent,@ genus_Lithops,#m (any plant of the genus Lithops native to Africa having solitary yellow or white flowers and thick leaves that resemble stones) }

{ Mesembryanthemum, genus_Mesembryanthemum, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Aizoaceae,#m (South African annual or biennial plants having flowers that open only in bright sunlight) }
{ fig_marigold, pebble_plant, flower,@ genus_Mesembryanthemum,#m (any of several South African plants of the genus Mesembryanthemum cultivated for showy pink or white flowers) }
{ ice_plant, icicle_plant, Mesembryanthemum_crystallinum, fig_marigold,@ (Old World annual widely naturalized in warm regions having white flowers and fleshy foliage covered with hairs that resemble ice) }

{ Molluga, genus_Molluga, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Aizoaceae,#m (carpetweeds) }
{ carpetweed, Indian_chickweed, Molluga_verticillata, weed,@ genus_Molluga,#m (annual prostrate mat-forming weed having whorled leaves and small greenish-white flowers; widespread throughout North America) }
{ Pleiospilos, genus_Pleiospilos, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Aizoaceae,#m (perennial succulents of South Africa) }
{ living_granite, living_rock2, stone_mimicry_plant, succulent,@ genus_Pleiospilos,#m (highly succulent stemless clump-forming plants with grey-green leaves similar in texture to lumps of granite; South Africa) }

{ Tetragonia, genus_Tetragonia, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Aizoaceae,#m (New Zealand spinach) }
{ New_Zealand_spinach, Tetragonia_tetragonioides, Tetragonia_expansa, herb,@ genus_Tetragonia,#m (coarse sprawling Australasian plant with red or yellow flowers; cultivated for its edible young shoots and succulent leaves) }

(++complete)
{ Amaranthaceae, family_Amaranthaceae, amaranth_family, caryophylloid_dicot_family,@ order_Caryophyllales,#m (cosmopolitan family of herbs and shrubs) }
{ Amaranthus, genus_Amaranthus, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Amaranthaceae,#m (large widely distributed genus of chiefly coarse annual herbs) }
{ amaranth1, herb,@ genus_Amaranthus,#m (any of various plants of the genus Amaranthus having dense plumes of green or red flowers; often cultivated for food) }
{ amaranth2, grain,@ (seed of amaranth plants used as a native cereal in Central and South America) }
{ tumbleweed2, Amaranthus_albus, Amaranthus_graecizans, amaranth1,@ (bushy plant of western United States) }
{ love-lies-bleeding, velvet_flower, tassel_flower1, Amaranthus_caudatus, amaranth1,@ (young leaves widely used as leaf vegetables; seeds used as cereal) }
{ prince's-feather2, gentleman's-cane, prince's-plume1, red_amaranth, purple_amaranth, Amaranthus_cruentus, Amaranthus_hybridus_hypochondriacus, Amaranthus_hybridus_erythrostachys, amaranth1,@ (tall showy tropical American annual having hairy stems and long spikes of usually red flowers above leaves deeply flushed with purple; seeds often used as cereal) }
{ pigweed2, Amaranthus_hypochondriacus, amaranth1,@ (leaves sometimes used as potherbs; seeds used as cereal; southern United States to Central America; India and China) }
{ thorny_amaranth, Amaranthus_spinosus, herb,@ genus_Amaranthus,#m (erect annual of tropical central Asia and Africa having a pair of divergent spines at most leaf nodes) }

{ Alternanthera, genus_Alternanthera, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Amaranthaceae,#m (genus of low herbs of tropical America and Australia; includes genus Telanthera) }
{ alligator_weed, alligator_grass, Alternanthera_philoxeroides, weed,@ genus_Alternanthera,#m (prolific South American aquatic weed having grasslike leaves and short spikes of white flowers; clogs waterways with dense floating masses) }

{ Celosia, genus_Celosia, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Amaranthaceae,#m (annual or perennial herbs or vines of tropical and subtropical America and Asia and Africa) }
{ red_fox, Celosia_argentea, herb,@ genus_Celosia,#m (weedy annual with spikes of silver-white flowers) }
{ cockscomb, common_cockscomb, Celosia_cristata, Celosia_argentea_cristata, herb,@ (garden annual with featherlike spikes of red or yellow flowers) }

{ Froelichia, genus_Froelichia, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Amaranthaceae,#m (genus of erect or procumbent herbs of the Americas having spikes of woolly white flowers: cottonweed) }
{ cottonweed1, herb,@ genus_Froelichia,#m (any of various plants of the genus Froelichia found in sandy soils and on rocky slopes in warmer regions of America; grown for their spikes of woolly white flowers) }

{ Gomphrena, genus_Gomphrena, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Amaranthaceae,#m (genus of tropical herbs or subshrubs having flowers in close heads; tropical America and Australia) }
{ globe_amaranth, bachelor's_button2, Gomphrena_globosa, flower,@ genus_Gomphrena,#m (tropical American herb having rose to red or purple flowers that can be dried without losing color) }

{ Iresine, genus_Iresine, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Amaranthaceae,#m (genus of tropical American herbs or subshrubs) }
{ bloodleaf, subshrub,@ genus_Iresine,#m (any plant of the genus Iresine having colored foliage) }
{ beefsteak_plant1, beef_plant, Iresine_herbstii, Iresine_reticulata, bloodleaf,@ (South American plant having green to purple or red branches with green to purple ornamental foliage and spikes of insignificant woolly flowers with dry membranous bracts) }

{ Telanthera, genus_Telanthera, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Amaranthaceae,#m (used in former classifications systems; now included in genus Alternanthera) }

(++complete)
{ Batidaceae, family_Batidaceae, saltwort_family, caryophylloid_dicot_family,@ order_Caryophyllales,#m (family coextensive with genus Batis: saltworts) }
{ Batis, genus_Batis, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Batidaceae,#m (small genus of plants constituting the family Batidaceae: low straggling dioecious shrubs) }
{ saltwort1, Batis_maritima, shrub,@ genus_Batis,#m (low-growing strong-smelling coastal shrub of warm parts of the New World having unisexual flowers in conelike spikes and thick succulent leaves) }

(++complete)
{ Chenopodiaceae, family_Chenopodiaceae, goosefoot_family, caryophylloid_dicot_family,@ order_Caryophyllales,#m (includes spinach and beets) }
{ Chenopodium, genus_Chenopodium, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ goosefoot_family,#m (goosefoot; pigweed) }
{ goosefoot, herb,@ genus_Chenopodium,#m (any of various weeds of the genus Chenopodium having small greenish flowers) }
{ lamb's-quarters, pigweed1, wild_spinach1, Chenopodium_album, goosefoot,@ (common weedy European plant introduced into North America; often used as a potherb) }
{ American_wormseed, Mexican_tea1, Spanish_tea, wormseed, Chenopodium_ambrosioides, goosefoot,@ (rank-smelling tropical American pigweed) }
{ good-king-henry, allgood, fat_hen, wild_spinach2, Chenopodium_bonus-henricus, goosefoot,@ (European plant naturalized in North America; often collected from the wild as a potherb) }
{ Jerusalem_oak, feather_geranium, Mexican_tea2, Chenopodium_botrys, Atriplex_mexicana, goosefoot,@ (Eurasian aromatic oak-leaved goosefoot with many yellow-green flowers; naturalized North America) }
{ strawberry_blite, strawberry_pigweed, Indian_paint, Chenopodium_capitatum, goosefoot,@ (European annual with clusters of greenish flowers followed by red pulpy berrylike fruit; naturalized North America) }
{ oak-leaved_goosefoot, oakleaf_goosefoot, Chenopodium_glaucum, goosefoot,@ (annual European plant with spikes of greenish flowers and leaves that are white and hairy on the underside; common as a weed in North America) }
{ sowbane, red_goosefoot2, Chenopodium_hybridum, goosefoot,@ (herb considered fatal to swine) }
{ nettle-leaved_goosefoot, nettleleaf_goosefoot, Chenopodium_murale, goosefoot,@ (European annual with coarsely dentate leaves; widespread in United States and southern Canada) }
{ red_goosefoot1, French_spinach, Chenopodium_rubrum, goosefoot,@ (common Eurasian weed; naturalized in United States) }
{ stinking_goosefoot, Chenopodium_vulvaria, goosefoot,@ (European goosefoot with strong-scented foliage; adventive in eastern North America) }

{ Atriplex, genus_Atriplex, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Chenopodiaceae,#m (orach; saltbush) }
{ orach, orache, herb,@ genus_Atriplex,#m (any of various herbaceous plants of the genus Atriplex that thrive in deserts and salt marshes) }
{ saltbush, shrub,@ genus_Atriplex,#m (any of various shrubby plants of the genus Atriplex that thrive in dry alkaline soil) }
{ garden_orache, mountain_spinach, Atriplex_hortensis, orache,@ (Asiatic plant resembling spinach often used as a potherb; naturalized in Europe and North America) }
{ desert_holly, Atriplex_hymenelytra, saltbush,@ (handsome low saltbush of arid southwestern United States and Mexico having blue-green prickly-edged leaves often used for Christmas decoration) }
{ quail_bush, quail_brush, white_thistle1, Atriplex_lentiformis, saltbush,@ (spiny shrub with silvery-scurfy foliage of alkaline plains of southwestern United States and Mexico) }

{ Bassia, genus_Bassia, Kochia, genus_Kochia, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Chenopodiaceae,#m (summer cypress) }
{ summer_cypress, burning_bush1, fire_bush1, fire-bush1, belvedere, Bassia_scoparia, Kochia_scoparia, shrub,@ genus_Bassia,#m (densely branched Eurasian plant; foliage turns purple-red in autumn) }

{ Beta, genus_Beta, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Chenopodiaceae,@ (beets) }
{ beet, common_beet, Beta_vulgaris1, vegetable,@ genus_Beta,#m (biennial Eurasian plant usually having a swollen edible root; widely cultivated as a food crop) }
{ beetroot, Beta_vulgaris_rubra, beet,@ (beet having a massively swollen red root; widely grown for human consumption) }
{ chard, Swiss_chard, spinach_beet, leaf_beet, chard_plant, Beta_vulgaris_cicla, beet,@ (beet lacking swollen root; grown as a vegetable for its edible leaves and stalks) }
{ mangel-wurzel, mangold-wurzel, mangold, Beta_vulgaris_vulgaris, beet,@ (beet with a large yellowish root; grown chiefly as cattle feed) }
{ sugar_beet, beet,@ (form of the common beet having a sweet white root from which sugar is obtained) }

{ Cycloloma, genus_Cycloloma, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Chenopodiaceae,#m (a caryophyllaceous genus of the family Chenopodiaceae) }
{ winged_pigweed, tumbleweed1, Cycloloma_atriplicifolium, shrub,@ genus_Cycloloma,#m (bushy annual weed of central North America having greenish flowers and winged seeds) }

{ genus_Halogeton, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Chenopodiaceae,#m (a caryophyllaceous genus of the family Chenopodiaceae) }
{ halogeton, Halogeton_glomeratus, herb,@ genus_Halogeton,#m (a coarse annual herb introduced into North America from Siberia; dangerous to sheep and cattle on western rangelands because of its high oxalate content) }
{ barilla1, Halogeton_souda, herb,@ genus_Halogeton,#m (Algerian plant formerly burned to obtain calcium carbonate) }

{ Salicornia, genus_Salicornia, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Chenopodiaceae,#m (glassworts) }
{ glasswort, samphire, Salicornia_europaea, herb,@ genus_Salicornia,#m (fleshy maritime plant having fleshy stems with rudimentary scalelike leaves and small spikes of minute flowers; formerly used in making glass) }

{ Salsola, genus_Salsola, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Chenopodiaceae,#m (chiefly Old World herbs or shrubs: saltworts) }
{ saltwort2, barilla2, glasswort2, kali, kelpwort, Salsola_kali, Salsola_soda, shrub,@ (bushy plant of Old World salt marshes and sea beaches having prickly leaves; burned to produce a crude soda ash) }
{ Russian_thistle, Russian_tumbleweed, Russian_cactus, tumbleweed3, Salsola_kali_tenuifolia, shrub,@ (prickly bushy Eurasian plant; a troublesome weed in central and western United States) }

{ Sarcobatus, genus_Sarcobatus, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Chenopodiaceae,#m (one species: greasewood) }
{ greasewood1, black_greasewood, Sarcobatus_vermiculatus, shrub,@ genus_Sarcobatus,#m (low hardy much-branched spiny shrub common in alkaline soils of western America) }

{ Spinacia, genus_Spinacia, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Chenopodiaceae,#m (spinach) }
{ spinach, spinach_plant, prickly-seeded_spinach, Spinacia_oleracea, vegetable,@ genus_Spinacia,#m (southwestern Asian plant widely cultivated for its succulent edible dark green leaves) }

{ Nyctaginaceae, family_Nyctaginaceae, Allioniaceae, family_Allioniaceae, four-o'clock_family, caryophylloid_dicot_family,@ order_Caryophyllales,#m (a family of flowering plants of the order Caryophyllales) }
{ Nyctaginia, genus_Nyctaginia, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Nyctaginaceae,#m (a caryophyllaceous genus of the family Nyctaginaceae having only one species) }
{ scarlet_musk_flower, Nyctaginia_capitata, flower,@ genus_Nyctaginia,#m (viscid branched perennial of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico having tuberous roots and deep red flowers) }

{ Abronia, genus_Abronia, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Nyctaginaceae,#m (genus of western North American herbs having showy flowers) }
{ sand_verbena, wildflower,@ genus_Abronia,#m (any of various plants of the genus Abronia of western North America and Mexico having flowers resembling verbena) }
{ snowball, sweet_sand_verbena1, Abronia_elliptica, sand_verbena,@ (plant having heads of fragrant white trumpet-shaped flowers; grows in sandy arid regions) }
{ sweet_sand_verbena2, Abronia_fragrans, sand_verbena,@ (taller than Abronia elliptica and having night-blooming flowers) }
{ yellow_sand_verbena, Abronia_latifolia, sand_verbena,@ (plant having hemispherical heads of yellow trumpet-shaped flowers; found in coastal dunes from California to British Columbia) }
{ beach_pancake, Abronia_maritima, sand_verbena,@ (plant having hemispherical heads of wine-red flowers; found in coastal dunes from California to Mexico) }
{ beach_sand_verbena, pink_sand_verbena, Abronia_umbellata, sand_verbena,@ (prostrate herb having heads of deep pink to white flowers; found in coastal dunes from British Columbia to Baja California) }
{ desert_sand_verbena, Abronia_villosa, sand_verbena,@ (soft-haired sticky plant with heads of bright pink trumpet-shaped flowers; found in sandy desert soil; after ample rains may carpet miles of desert with pink from the southwestern United States to northern Mexico) }

{ Allionia, genus_Allionia, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Nyctaginaceae,#m (small genus of chiefly American herbs) }
{ trailing_four_o'clock, trailing_windmills, Allionia_incarnata, wildflower,@ genus_Allionia,#m (trailing plant having crowded clusters of 3 brilliant deep pink flowers resembling a single flower blooming near the ground; found in dry gravelly or sandy soil; southwestern United States and Mexico) }

{ genus_Bougainvillea, Bougainvillaea, genus_Bougainvillaea, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Nyctaginaceae,#m (ornamental tropical woody vines) }
{ bougainvillea, vine,@ genus_Bougainvillea,#m (any of several South American ornamental woody vines of the genus Bougainvillea having brilliant red or purple flower bracts; widely grown in warm regions) }
{ paper_flower, Bougainvillea_glabra, bougainvillea,@ (Brazilian vine that tends to flower continuously) }

{ Mirabilis, genus_Mirabilis, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Nyctaginaceae,#m (four o'clocks) }
{ umbrellawort, flower,@ genus_Mirabilis,#m (a plant of the genus Mirabilis) }
{ four_o'clock, flower,@ genus_Mirabilis,#m (any of several plants of the genus Mirabilis having flowers that open in late afternoon) }
{ common_four-o'clock, marvel-of-Peru, Mirabilis_jalapa, Mirabilis_uniflora, four_o'clock,@ (common garden plant of North America having fragrant red or purple or yellow or white flowers that open in late afternoon) }
{ California_four_o'clock, Mirabilis_laevis, Mirabilis_californica, four_o'clock,@ genus_Mirabilis,#m (California four o'clock with purple-red flowers) }
{ sweet_four_o'clock, maravilla1, Mirabilis_longiflora, four_o'clock,@ (leafy wildflower having fragrant slender white or pale pink trumpet-shaped flowers; southwestern United States and northern Mexico) }
{ desert_four_o'clock, Colorado_four_o'clock, maravilla2, Mirabilis_multiflora, four_o'clock,@ (wildflower having vibrant deep pink tubular evening-blooming flowers; found in sandy and desert areas from southern California to southern Colorado and into Mexico) }
{ mountain_four_o'clock, Mirabilis_oblongifolia, four_o'clock,@ (leafy wildflower with lavender-pink flowers that open in the evening and remain through cool part of the next day; found in open woods or brush in mountains of southern Colorado to Arizona and into Mexico) }

{ Pisonia, genus_Pisonia, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Nyctaginaceae,#m (genus of often thorny tropical trees and shrubs and some vines; mainly America) }
{ cockspur1, Pisonia_aculeata, tree,@ genus_Pisonia,#m (small spiny West Indian tree) }

{ Opuntiales, order_Opuntiales, plant_order,@ subclass_Caryophyllidae,#m (coextensive with the family Cactaceae: cactuses) }
{ Cactaceae, family_Cactaceae, cactus_family, caryophylloid_dicot_family,@ order_Opuntiales,#m (constituting the order Opuntiales) }
{ cactus, succulent,@ family_Cactaceae,#m (any succulent plant of the family Cactaceae native chiefly to arid regions of the New World and usually having spines) }

{ Acanthocereus, genus_Acanthocereus, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cactaceae,#m (mostly trailing cacti having nocturnal white flowers; tropical America and Caribbean region) }
{ pitahaya_cactus, pitahaya1, Acanthocereus_tetragonus, Acanthocereus_pentagonus, cactus,@ (cactus of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico having edible juicy fruit) }

{ Aporocactus, genus_Aporocactus, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cactaceae,#m (small genus of epiphytic cacti of Mexico) }
{ rattail_cactus, rat's-tail_cactus, Aporocactus_flagelliformis, cactus,@ genus_Aporocactus,#m (commonly cultivated tropical American cactus having slender creeping stems and very large showy crimson flowers that bloom for several days) }

{ Ariocarpus, genus_Ariocarpus, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cactaceae,#m (slow-growing geophytic cacti; northern and eastern Mexico; southern Texas) }
{ living_rock1, Ariocarpus_fissuratus, cactus,@ genus_Ariocarpus,#m (usually unbranched usually spineless cactus covered with warty tubercles and having magenta flowers and white or green fruit; resembles the related mescal; northeastern Mexico and southwestern United States) }

{ Carnegiea, genus_Carnegiea, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cactaceae,#m (caryophylloid dicot genus with only one species: saguaro) }
{ saguaro, sahuaro, Carnegiea_gigantea, cactus,@ genus_Carnegiea,#m (extremely large treelike cactus of desert regions of southwestern United States having a thick columnar sparsely branched trunk bearing white flowers and edible red pulpy fruit) }

{ Cereus, genus_Cereus, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cactaceae,#m (genus of much-branched treelike or shrubby cacti with pronounced ribs and rounded needlelike spines and nocturnal flowers usually white) }
{ night-blooming_cereus2, cactus,@ genus_Cereus,#m (any of several cacti of the genus Cereus) }

{ genus_Coryphantha, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cactaceae,#m (mainly globose cacti of southwestern United States and Mexico covered with many nodules; superficially resembling and formerly included in genus Mammillaria) }
{ coryphantha, cactus,@ genus_Coryphantha,#m (a cactus of the genus Coryphantha) }

{ genus_Echinocactus, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cactaceae,#m (globular or cylindrical cacti; southwestern United States to Brazil) }
{ echinocactus, barrel_cactus2, cactus,@ genus_Echinocactus,#m (any cactus of the genus Echinocactus; strongly ribbed and very spiny; southwestern United States to Brazil) }
{ hedgehog_cactus, echinocactus,@ (cactus of the genus Echinocactus having stout sharp spines) }
{ golden_barrel_cactus, Echinocactus_grusonii, echinocactus,@ (large cactus of east central Mexico having golden to pale yellow flowers and spines) }
{ Echinocereus, genus_Echinocereus, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cactaceae,#m (large genus of low-growing shrubby ribbed cacti of Mexico and southwestern United States) }
{ hedgehog_cereus, cactus,@ genus_Echinocereus,#m (cactus of the genus Echinocereus) }
{ rainbow_cactus, cactus,@ genus_Echinocereus,#m (a stout cylindrical cactus of the southwest United States and adjacent Mexico) }

{ genus_Epiphyllum, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cactaceae,#m noun.location:US,;r (small genus of tropical American (mainly Central America) cacti) }
{ epiphyllum, orchid_cactus, cactus,@ genus_Epiphyllum,#m (any cactus of the genus Epiphyllum having flattened jointed irregularly branching stems and showy tubular flowers) }

{ Ferocactus, genus_Ferocactus, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cactaceae,#m (genus of nearly globular cacti of Mexico and southwestern United States: barrel cacti) }
{ barrel_cactus1, cactus,@ genus_Ferocactus,#m (a cactus of the genus Ferocactus: unbranched barrel-shaped cactus having deep ribs with numerous spines and usually large funnel-shaped flowers followed by dry fruits) }

{ Gymnocalycium, genus_Gymnocalycium, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cactaceae,#m (large genus of low-growing globular South American cacti with spiny ribs covered with many tubercles) }
{ Harrisia, genus_Harrisia, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cactaceae,#m (genus of slender often treelike spiny cacti with solitary showy nocturnal white or pink flowers; Florida and Caribbean to South America) }

{ Hatiora, genus_Hatiora, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cactaceae,#m (small genus of South American epiphytic or lithophytic cacti) }
{ Easter_cactus, Hatiora_gaertneri, Schlumbergera_gaertneri, cactus,@ genus_Hatiora,#m (spring-blooming South American cactus with oblong joints and coral-red flowers; sometimes placed in genus Schlumbergera) }

{ Hylocereus, genus_Hylocereus, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cactaceae,#m (genus of climbing or epiphytic tropical American cacti with angular stems and mostly white very fragrant flowers) }
{ night-blooming_cereus3, cactus,@ genus_Hylocereus,#m (any of several cacti of the genus Hylocereus) }

{ Lemaireocereus, genus_Lemaireocereus, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cactaceae,#m (tropical American cacti usually tall and branching with stout spines and funnel-shaped flowers and globular or ovoid often edible fruit) }
{ chichipe, Lemaireocereus_chichipe, cactus,@ genus_Lemaireocereus,#m (tall treelike Mexican cactus with edible red fruit) }

{ Lophophora, genus_Lophophora, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cactaceae,#m (two species of small cacti of northeastern Mexico and southwestern United States having rounded stems covered with jointed tubercles: mescal) }
{ mescal, mezcal, peyote, Lophophora_williamsii, cactus,@ genus_Lophophora,#m (a small spineless globe-shaped cactus; source of mescal buttons) }
{ mescal_button, sacred_mushroom, magic_mushroom, plant_organ,@ mescal,#p (the button-shaped top of the mescal cactus; a source of psilocybin) }

{ genus_Mammillaria, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cactaceae,#m (large genus of cacti characterized chiefly by nipple-shaped protuberances or tubercles on their surface) }
{ mammillaria, cactus,@ genus_Mammillaria,#m (any cactus of the genus Mammillaria) }
{ feather_ball, Mammillaria_plumosa, cactus,@ (a low tuberculate cactus with white feathery spines; northeastern Mexico) }

{ Melocactus, genus_Melocactus, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cactaceae,#m (genus of strongly ribbed globose or spheroid cacti of tropical South and Central America and the Caribbean) }

{ Myrtillocactus, genus_Myrtillocactus, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cactaceae,#m (small genus of arborescent cacti of Mexico and Central America) }
{ garambulla, garambulla_cactus, Myrtillocactus_geometrizans, cactus,@ genus_Myrtillocactus,#m (arborescent cactus of western Mexico bearing a small oblong edible berrylike fruit) }

{ Pediocactus, genus_Pediocactus, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cactaceae,#m (low-growing cacti of the Great Plains of North America) }
{ Knowlton's_cactus, Pediocactus_knowltonii, cactus,@ genus_Pediocactus,#m (small clustering cactus of southwestern United States; a threatened species) }

{ Nopalea, genus_Nopalea, dicot_genus,@ family_Cactaceae,#m (a genus of the cactus family with scarlet flowers) }
{ nopal1, cactus,@ genus_Nopalea,#m (any of several cacti of the genus Nopalea resembling prickly pears) }

{ Opuntia, genus_Opuntia, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cactaceae,#m (large genus of cactuses native to America: prickly pears) }
{ prickly_pear1, prickly_pear_cactus, cactus,@ genus_Opuntia,#m (cacti having spiny flat joints and oval fruit that is edible in some species; often used as food for stock) }
{ cholla, Opuntia_cholla, cactus,@ genus_Opuntia,#m (arborescent cacti having very spiny cylindrical stem segments; southwestern United States and Mexico) }
{ nopal2, Opuntia_lindheimeri, prickly_pear_cactus,@ (cactus having yellow flowers and purple fruits) }
{ tuna, Opuntia_tuna, prickly_pear_cactus,@ (tropical American prickly pear of Jamaica) }

{ Pereskia, genus_Pereskia, Peireskia, genus_Peireskia, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cactaceae,#m (genus of tropical American shrubby trees and woody climbers having slender branches with broad flat leaves and large panicles of flowers) }
{ Barbados_gooseberry1, Barbados-gooseberry_vine, Pereskia_aculeata, vine,@ genus_Pereskia,#m (West Indian woody climber with spiny stems and numerous fragrant white flowers in panicles followed by small yellow to orange fruits) }

{ Rhipsalis, genus_Rhipsalis, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cactaceae,#m (large genus of epiphytic or lithophytic unarmed cacti with usually segmented stems and pendulous branches; flowers are small followed by berrylike fruits) }
{ mistletoe_cactus, cactus,@ genus_Rhipsalis,#m (a plant of the genus Rhipsalis) }

{ Schlumbergera, genus_Schlumbergera, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cactaceae,#m (South American epiphytic or lithophytic cacti) }
{ Christmas_cactus, Schlumbergera_buckleyi, Schlumbergera_baridgesii, cactus,@ genus_Schlumbergera,#m (epiphytic cactus of Brazilian ancestry widely cultivated as a houseplant having jointed flat segments and usually rose-purple flowers that bloom in winter) }

{ Selenicereus, genus_Selenicereus, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cactaceae,#m (mostly epiphytic climbing cacti that bloom at night) }
{ night-blooming_cereus1, cactus,@ genus_Selenicereus,#m (any of several night-blooming cacti of the genus Selenicereus) }
{ queen_of_the_night, Selenicereus_grandiflorus, night-blooming_cereus1,@ (tropical American climbing cactus having triangular branches; often cultivated for its large showy night-blooming flowers followed by yellow red-streaked fruits) }

{ Zygocactus, genus_Zygocactus, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cactaceae,#m (small genus of Brazilian cacti having flat fleshy usually branched joints and showy red or pink flowers followed by red fleshy fruits) }
{ crab_cactus, Thanksgiving_cactus, Zygocactus_truncatus, Schlumbergera_truncatus, cactus,@ genus_Zygocactus,#m (South American jointed cactus with usually red flowers; often cultivated as a houseplant; sometimes classified as genus Schlumbergera) }

(++complete)
{ Phytolaccaceae, family_Phytolaccaceae, pokeweed_family, caryophylloid_dicot_family,@ order_Caryophyllales,#m (chiefly tropical herbaceous plants (including shrubs and trees) with racemose flowers: genera Phytolacca, Agdestis, Ercilla, Rivina, Trichostigma) }
{ Phytolacca, genus_Phytolacca, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Phytolaccaceae,#m (type genus of Phytolaccaceae: pokeweed) }
{ pokeweed, herb,@ genus_Phytolacca,#m (perennial of the genus Phytolacca) }
{ Indian_poke2, Phytolacca_acinosa, pokeweed,@ (pokeweed of southeastern Asia and China) }
{ poke, pigeon_berry, garget, scoke, Phytolacca_americana, pokeweed,@ (tall coarse perennial American herb having small white flowers followed by blackish-red berries on long drooping racemes; young fleshy stems are edible; berries and root are poisonous) }
{ ombu, bella_sombra, Phytolacca_dioica, pokeweed,@ (fast-growing herbaceous evergreen tree of South America having a broad trunk with high water content and dark green oval leaves) }


{ Agdestis, genus_Agdestis, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ climber,@ family_Phytolaccaceae,#m (a genus with one species that is a rapidly growing climbing vine with tuberous roots; grown in hot climates) }

{ Ercilla, genus_Ercilla, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Phytolaccaceae,#m (a genus of evergreen climbers) }

{ Rivina, genus_Rivina, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Phytolaccaceae,#m (small genus of erect perennial shrubby herbs; tropical and subtropical America) }
{ bloodberry, blood_berry, rougeberry, rouge_plant, Rivina_humilis, houseplant,@ genus_Rivina,#m (bushy houseplant having white to pale pink flowers followed by racemes of scarlet berries; tropical Americas) }

{ Trichostigma, genus_Trichostigma, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Phytolaccaceae,#m (a genus of erect or climbing shrubs found in tropical South America) }

(++)
{ Portulacaceae, family_Portulacaceae, purslane_family, caryophylloid_dicot_family,@ order_Caryophyllales,#m (family of usually succulent herbs; cosmopolitan in distribution especially in Americas) }
{ purslane, herb,@ (a plant of the family Portulacaceae having fleshy succulent obovate leaves often grown as a potherb or salad herb; a weed in some areas) }
{ genus_Portulaca, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Portulacaceae,#m (genus of mainly tropical fleshy or trailing herbs) }
{ portulaca, flower,@ genus_Portulaca,#m (a plant of the genus Portulaca having pink or red or purple or white ephemeral flowers) }
{ rose_moss, sun_plant, Portulaca_grandiflora, portulaca,@ (widely cultivated in many varieties for its fleshy moss-like foliage and profusion of brightly colored flowers) }
{ common_purslane, pussley, pussly, verdolagas, Portulaca_oleracea, purslane,@ genus_Portulaca,#m (weedy trailing mat-forming herb with bright yellow flowers cultivated for its edible mildly acid leaves eaten raw or cooked especially in Indian and Greek and Middle Eastern cuisine; cosmopolitan) }

{ Calandrinia, genus_Calandrinia, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Portulacaceae,#m (large genus of low-growing herbs; widespread throughout tropical and warm temperate regions having usually basal leaves and panicles of purplish ephemeral flowers) }
{ rock_purslane, herb,@ genus_Calandrinia,#m (a plant of the genus Calandrinia) }
{ red_maids, redmaids, Calandrinia_ciliata, wildflower,@ genus_Calandrinia,#m (succulent carpet-forming plant having small brilliant reddish-pink flowers; southwestern United States) }

{ Claytonia, genus_Claytonia, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Portulacaceae,#m (genus of mainly North American succulent herbs with white or pink flowers usually in terminal racemes) }
{ Carolina_spring_beauty, Claytonia_caroliniana, flower,@ genus_Claytonia,#m (similar to Claytonia virginica but having usually pink flowers; eastern North America) }
{ spring_beauty, Clatonia_lanceolata, flower,@ genus_Claytonia,#m (small slender plant having one pair of succulent leaves at the middle of the stem and a loose raceme of white or pink or rose bowl-shaped flowers and an edible corm) }
{ Virginia_spring_beauty, Claytonia_virginica, flower,@ genus_Claytonia,#m (small cormous perennial grown for its low rosette of succulent foliage and racemes of pink-tinged white flowers; eastern North America) }

{ Lewisia, genus_Lewisia, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Portulacaceae,#m (genus of western North American low-growing herbs having linear woolly leaves and large pink flowers) }
{ siskiyou_lewisia, Lewisia_cotyledon, wildflower,@ genus_Lewisia,#m (evergreen perennial having a dense basal rosette of long spatula-shaped leaves and panicles of pink or white-and-red-striped or pink-purple flowers; found on cliffs and in rock crevices in mountains of southwestern Oregon and northern California) }
{ bitterroot, Lewisia_rediviva, wildflower,@ genus_Lewisia,#m (showy succulent ground-hugging plant of Rocky Mountains regions having deep to pale pink flowers and fleshy farinaceous roots; the Montana state flower) }

{ Montia, genus_Montia, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Portulacaceae,#m (small genus of densely tufted annual herbs; north temperate regions and South America and tropical Africa and Asia) }
{ Indian_lettuce, herb,@ genus_Montia,#m (a plant of the genus Montia having edible pleasant-tasting leaves) }
{ broad-leaved_montia, Montia_cordifolia, Indian_lettuce,@ (succulent plant with mostly basal leaves; stem bears 1 pair of broadly ovate or heart-shaped leaves and a loose raceme of 3-10 white flowers; western North America) }
{ blinks, blinking_chickweed, water_chickweed, Montia_lamprosperma, Indian_lettuce,@ (small Indian lettuce of northern regions) }
{ toad_lily, Montia_chamissoi, Indian_lettuce,@ (a floating or creeping Indian lettuce having terminal racemes of pale rose flowers; wet areas at high elevations of western North America) }
{ winter_purslane, miner's_lettuce, Cuban_spinach, Montia_perfoliata, Indian_lettuce,@ (succulent herb sometimes grown as a salad or pot herb; grows on dunes and waste ground of Pacific coast of North America) }

{ Spraguea, genus_Spraguea, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Portulacaceae,#m (small genus of usually perennial herbs having deep woody taproots and flower heads of umbels or cymes) }
{ pussy-paw, pussy-paws, pussy's-paw, Spraguea_umbellatum, Calyptridium_umbellatum, wildflower,@ genus_Spraguea,#m (pink clusters of densely packed flowers on prostrate stems resemble upturned pads of cats' feet; grow in coniferous forests of western North America) }

{ Talinum, genus_Talinum, caryophylloid_dicot_genus,@ family_Portulacaceae,#m (genus of mainly American more-or-less succulent herbs) }
{ flame_flower1, flame-flower1, flameflower1, Talinum_aurantiacum, wildflower,@ genus_Talinum,#m (plant with fleshy roots and erect stems with narrow succulent leaves and one reddish-orange flower in each upper leaf axil; southwestern United States; Indians once cooked the fleshy roots) }
{ narrow-leaved_flame_flower, Talinum_augustissimum, flame_flower1,@ genus_Talinum,#m (similar to Talinum aurantiacum but with narrower leaves and yellow-orange flowers; southwestern United States) }
{ pigmy_talinum, Talinum_brevifolium, flame_flower1,@ genus_Talinum,#m (low plant with crowded narrow succulent leaves and fairly large deep pink axillary flowers that seem to sit on the ground; southwestern United States) }
{ rock_pink, Talinum_calycinum, flame_flower1,@ genus_Talinum,#m (pink-flowered perennial of rocky regions of western United States) }
{ jewels-of-opar, Talinum_paniculatum, flame_flower1,@ (erect plant with tuberous roots and terminal panicles of red to yellow flowers; southwestern North America to Central America; widely introduced elsewhere) }
{ spiny_talinum, Talinum_spinescens, flame_flower1,@ genus_Talinum,#m (low cushion-forming plant with rose to crimson-magenta flowers and leaf midribs that persist as spines when the leaves die; southwestern United States) }

{ Rhoeadales, order_Rhoeadales, Papaverales, order_Papaverales, plant_order,@ subclass_Dilleniidae,#m (an order of dicotyledonous plants) }

{ Capparidaceae, family_Capparidaceae, caper_family, dilleniid_dicot_family,@ order_Rhoeadales,#m (a dilleniid dicot family of the order Rhoeadales that includes: genera Capparis, Cleome, Crateva, and Polanisia) }
{ Capparis, genus_Capparis, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Capparidaceae,#m (tropical or subtropical evergreen shrubs or small trees) }
{ caper, shrub,@ genus_Capparis,#m (any of numerous plants of the genus Capparis) }
{ native_pomegranate, Capparis_arborea, caper,@ (small Australian tree bearing edible fruit resembling the pomegranate) }
{ caper_tree1, Jamaica_caper_tree, Capparis_cynophallophora, caper,@ (shrub of southern Florida to West Indies) }
{ caper_tree2, bay-leaved_caper, Capparis_flexuosa, caper,@ (shrub or small tree of southern Florida to Central and South America) }
{ native_orange, Capparis_mitchellii, caper,@ (small Australian tree bearing edible dark purple fruit) }
{ common_caper, Capparis_spinosa, caper,@ (prostrate spiny shrub of the Mediterranean region cultivated for its greenish flower buds which are pickled) }

{ genus_Cleome, Cleome1, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Capparidaceae,#m (tropical and subtropical annual or perennial herbs or low shrubs) }
{ spiderflower, cleome, herb,@ genus_Cleome,#m (any of various often strong-smelling plants of the genus Cleome having showy spider-shaped flowers) }
{ spider_flower, spider_plant, Cleome_hassleriana, spiderflower,@ (native to South America but naturalized in warm parts of United States; grown for its long-lasting spider-shaped white to pink-purple flowers) }
{ Rocky_Mountain_bee_plant, stinking_clover, Cleome_serrulata, spiderflower,@ (plant of western North America having trifoliate leaves and white or pink spider-shaped flowers; sometimes used as an ornamental) }

{ Crateva, genus_Crateva, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Capparidaceae,#m (tropical genus of small trees or shrubs) }

{ Polanisia, genus_Polanisia, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Capparidaceae,#m (widely distributed herbs having palmate leaves and creamy white to or pink to magenta flowers with many stamens of unequal length) }
{ clammyweed, Polanisia_graveolens, Polanisia_dodecandra, herb,@ genus_Polanisia,#m (strong-scented herb common in southern United States covered with intermixed gland and hairs) }

(++complete)
{ [ Cruciferae, adj.pert:cruciferous,+ ] family_Cruciferae, Brassicaceae, family_Brassicaceae, mustard_family, dilleniid_dicot_family,@ order_Rhoeadales,#m (a large family of plants with four-petaled flowers; includes mustards, cabbages, broccoli, turnips, cresses, and their many relatives) }
{ crucifer, cruciferous_plant, herbaceous_plant,@ family_Cruciferae,#m (any of various plants of the family Cruciferae) }
{ cress, cress_plant, crucifer,@ family_Cruciferae,#m (any of various plants of the family Cruciferae with edible leaves that have a pungent taste) }
{ [ watercress, adj.all:chromatic^watercress,+ ] cress,@ family_Cruciferae,#m (any of several water-loving cresses) }

{ Aethionema, genus_Aethionema, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cruciferae,#m (Old World genus of the family Cruciferae) }
{ stonecress, stone_cress, herbaceous_plant,@ genus_Aethionema,#m (any Old World herb of the genus Aethionema; native of sunny limestone habitats) }
{ Alliaria, genus_Alliaria, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cruciferae,#m (a genus of herbs of the family Cruciferae; have broad leaves and white flowers and long siliques) }
{ garlic_mustard, hedge_garlic, sauce-alone, jack-by-the-hedge, Alliaria_officinalis, crucifer,@ genus_Alliaria,#m (European herb that smells like garlic) }
{ Alyssum, genus_Alyssum, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cruciferae,#m (a genus of the family Cruciferae) }
{ alyssum1, madwort, crucifer,@ genus_Alyssum,#m (any garden plant of the genus Alyssum having clusters of small yellow or white flowers) }
{ Anastatica, genus_Anastatica, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ (one species: rose of Jericho; resurrection plant) }
{ rose_of_Jericho1, resurrection_plant1, Anastatica_hierochuntica, crucifer,@ genus_Anastatica,#m (small grey Asiatic desert plant bearing minute white flowers that rolls up when dry and expands when moist) }

{ Arabidopsis, genus_Arabidopsis, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cruciferae,#m (a genus of the mustard family having white or yellow or purplish flowers; closely related to genus Arabis) }
{ Arabidopsis_thaliana, mouse-ear_cress, cress,@ (a small invasive self-pollinating weed with small white flowers; much studied by plant geneticists; the first higher plant whose complete genome sequence was described) }
{ Arabidopsis_lyrata, cress,@ (a small noninvasive cross-pollinating plant with white flowers; closely related to Arabidopsis thaliana) }

{ Arabis, genus_Arabis, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cruciferae,#m (annual to perennial woody herbs of temperate North America, Europe and Asia: rockcress) }
{ rock_cress, rockcress, cress,@ genus_Arabis,#m (any of several rock-loving cresses of the genus Arabis) }
{ sicklepod1, Arabis_Canadensis, rock_cress,@ genus_Arabis,#m (North American rock cress having very long curved pods) }
{ tower_cress1, tower_mustard2, Arabis_turrita, rock_cress,@ genus_Arabis,#m (European cress having stiff erect stems; sometimes placed in genus Turritis) }
{ tower_mustard1, tower_cress2, Turritis_glabra, Arabis_glabra, cress,@ genus_Turritis,#m (or genus Arabis: erect cress widely distributed throughout Europe) }

{ Armoracia, genus_Armoracia, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cruciferae,#m (horseradish) }
{ horseradish, horse_radish, red_cole, Armoracia_rusticana, herb,@ genus_Armoracia,#m (coarse Eurasian plant cultivated for its thick white pungent root) }
{ horseradish1, horseradish_root, root,@ horseradish,#p (the root of the horseradish plant; it is grated or ground and used for seasoning) }

{ Barbarea, genus_Barbarea, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cruciferae,#m (biennial or perennial herbs of north temperate regions: winter cress) }
{ winter_cress, St._Barbara's_herb, scurvy_grass2, cress,@ genus_Barbarea,#m (any plant of the genus Barbarea: yellow-flowered Eurasian cresses; widely cultivated for winter salad) }
{ Belle_Isle_cress, early_winter_cress, land_cress, American_cress, American_watercress2, Barbarea_verna, Barbarea_praecox, winter_cress,@ genus_Barbarea,#p (of southwestern Europe; cultivated in Florida) }
{ yellow_rocket, rockcress2, rocket_cress, Barbarea_vulgaris, Sisymbrium_barbarea, weed,@ genus_Barbarea,#p (noxious cress with yellow flowers; sometimes placed in genus Sisymbrium) }

{ Berteroa, genus_Berteroa, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cruciferae,#m (hoary alyssum) }
{ hoary_alison, hoary_alyssum, Berteroa_incana, herb,@ genus_Berteroa,#m (tall European annual with downy grey-green foliage and dense heads of small white flowers followed by hairy pods; naturalized in North America; sometimes a troublesome weed) }

{ Biscutella, genus_Biscutella, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cruciferae,#m (genus of Eurasian herbs and small shrubs: buckler mustard) }
{ buckler_mustard, Biscutalla_laevigata, shrub,@ genus_Biscutella,#m (plant of southeastern Europe having yellow flowers like those of mustard and pods with open valves resembling bucklers) }

{ Brassica, genus_Brassica, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cruciferae,#m (mustards: cabbages; cauliflowers; turnips; etc.) }
{ wild_cabbage, Brassica_oleracea, crucifer,@ genus_Brassica,#m (wild original of cultivated cabbages; common in western coastal Europe) }
{ cabbage, cultivated_cabbage, Brassica_oleracea2, crucifer,@ genus_Brassica,#m (any of various cultivars of the genus Brassica oleracea grown for their edible leaves or flowers) }
{ head_cabbage, head_cabbage_plant, Brassica_oleracea_capitata, cultivated_cabbage,@ (any of various cultivated cabbage plants having a short thick stalk and large compact head of edible usually green leaves) }
{ savoy_cabbage, head_cabbage,@ (cabbage plant with a compact head of crinkled leaves) }
{ red_cabbage, head_cabbage,@ (cabbage plant with a compact head of reddish purple leaves) }
{ brussels_sprout, Brassica_oleracea_gemmifera, crucifer,@ (plant grown for its stout stalks of edible small green heads resembling diminutive cabbages) }
{ cauliflower, Brassica_oleracea_botrytis, crucifer,@ (a plant having a large edible head of crowded white flower buds) }
{ broccoli, Brassica_oleracea_italica, crucifer,@ genus_Brassica,#m (plant with dense clusters of tight green flower buds) }
{ kale, kail, cole, borecole, colewort, Brassica_oleracea_acephala, crucifer,@ genus_Brassica,#m (a hardy cabbage with coarse curly leaves that do not form a head) }
{ collard, kale,@ (variety of kale having smooth leaves) }
{ kohlrabi, Brassica_oleracea_gongylodes, crucifer,@ genus_Brassica,#m (plant cultivated for its enlarged fleshy turnip-shaped edible stem) }
{ turnip_plant, crucifer,@ (any of several widely cultivated plants having edible roots) }
{ turnip, white_turnip, Brassica_rapa, turnip_plant,@ genus_Brassica,#m (widely cultivated plant having a large fleshy edible white or yellow root) }
{ rutabaga, turnip_cabbage2, swede, Swedish_turnip, rutabaga_plant, Brassica_napus_napobrassica, turnip_plant,@ genus_Brassica,#m (a cruciferous plant with a thick bulbous edible yellow root)}
{ broccoli_raab, broccoli_rabe, Brassica_rapa_ruvo, crucifer,@ genus_Brassica,#m (plant grown for its pungent edible leafy shoots) }
{ mustard, crucifer,@ genus_Brassica,#m (any of several cruciferous plants of the genus Brassica) }
{ mustard_oil, noun.substance:oil,@ (oil obtained from mustard seeds and used in making soap) }
{ chinese_mustard, indian_mustard, leaf_mustard, gai_choi, Brassica_juncea, mustard,@ genus_Brassica,#m (Asiatic mustard used as a potherb) }
{ Chinese_cabbage, celery_cabbage, napa, pe-tsai, Brassica_rapa_pekinensis, crucifer,@ genus_Brassica,#m (plant with an elongated head of broad stalked leaves resembling celery; used as a vegetable in east Asia) }
{ bok_choy, bok_choi, pakchoi, pak_choi, Chinese_white_cabbage, Brassica_rapa_chinensis, crucifer,@ genus_Brassica,#m (Asiatic plant grown for its cluster of edible white stalks with dark green leaves) }
{ tendergreen, spinach_mustard, Brassica_perviridis, Brassica_rapa_perviridis, crucifer,@ genus_Brassica,#m (Asiatic plant cultivated for its swollen root crown and edible foliage) }
{ black_mustard, Brassica_nigra, mustard,@ genus_Brassica,#m (widespread Eurasian annual plant cultivated for its pungent seeds; a principal source of table mustard) }
{ rape, colza, Brassica_napus, mustard,@ genus_Brassica,#m (Eurasian plant cultivated for its seed and as a forage crop) }
{ rapeseed, oilseed,@ rape,#s (seed of rape plants; source of an edible oil) }
{ rape_oil, rapeseed_oil, colza_oil, noun.substance:oil,@ rapeseed,#s (edible light yellow to brown oil from rapeseed used also as a lubricant or illuminant) }

{ Cakile, genus_Cakile, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cruciferae,#m (small genus of succulent annual herbs found on sandy shores of North America and Europe) }
{ sea-rocket, Cakile_maritima, herb,@ genus_Cakile,#m (salt-tolerant seashore annual grown for its fragrant rose or violet flowers and fleshy grey-green foliage) }

{ Camelina, genus_Camelina, false_flax, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cruciferae,#m (annual and biennial herbs of Mediterranean to central Asia) }
{ gold_of_pleasure, Camelina_sativa, crucifer,@ genus_Camelina,#m (annual European false flax having small white flowers; cultivated since Neolithic times as a source of fiber and for its oil-rich seeds; widely naturalized in North America) }

{ Capsella, genus_Capsella, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cruciferae,#m (shepherd's purse) }
{ shepherd's_purse, shepherd's_pouch, Capsella_bursa-pastoris, crucifer,@ genus_Capsella,#m (white-flowered annual European herb bearing triangular notched pods; nearly cosmopolitan as an introduced weed) }

{ Cardamine, genus_Cardamine, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cruciferae,#m (bittercress, bitter cress) }
{ Dentaria, genus_Dentaria, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cruciferae,#m (usually included in genus Cardamine; in some classifications considered a separate genus) }
{ bittercress, bitter_cress, cress,@ genus_Cardamine,#m (any of various herbs of the genus Cardamine, having usually pinnate leaves and racemes of white, pink or purple flowers; cosmopolitan except Antarctic) }
{ lady's_smock, cuckooflower, cuckoo_flower1, meadow_cress, Cardamine_pratensis, bittercress,@ (a bitter cress of Europe and America) }
{ coral-root_bittercress, coralroot, coralwort, Cardamine_bulbifera, Dentaria_bulbifera, bittercress,@ (European bittercress having a knotted white rootstock) }
{ crinkleroot, crinkle-root, crinkle_root, pepper_root, toothwort, Cardamine_diphylla, Dentaria_diphylla, bittercress,@ (North American herb with pungent scaly or toothed roots) }
{ American_watercress, mountain_watercress, Cardamine_rotundifolia, watercress,@ (mat-forming perennial found in cold springs of the eastern United States) }
{ spring_cress, Cardamine_bulbosa, bittercress,@ (small white-flowered cress common in wet places in eastern North America) }
{ purple_cress, Cardamine_douglasii, bittercress,@ (small perennial herb of cooler regions of North America with racemose purple flowers) }

{ Cheiranthus, genus_Cheiranthus, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cruciferae,#m (Old World perennial plants grown for their showy flowers) }
{ wallflower1, Cheiranthus_cheiri, Erysimum_cheiri, flower,@ genus_Cheiranthus,#m (perennial of southern Europe having clusters of fragrant flowers of all colors especially yellow and orange; often naturalized on old walls or cliffs; sometimes placed in genus Erysimum) }
{ prairie_rocket1, flower,@ genus_Cheiranthus,#m (any of several western American plants of the genus Cheiranthus having large yellow flowers) }

{ Cochlearia, genus_Cochlearia, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cruciferae,#m (a genus of the family Cruciferae) }
{ scurvy_grass1, common_scurvy_grass, Cochlearia_officinalis, cress,@ genus_Cochlearia,#m (a widely distributed Arctic cress reputed to have value in treatment or prevention of scurvy; a concentrated source of vitamin C) }

{ Crambe, genus_Crambe, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cruciferae,#m (annual or perennial herbs with large leaves that resemble the leaves of cabbages) }
{ sea_kale, sea_cole, Crambe_maritima, herb,@ genus_Crambe,#m (perennial of coastal sands and shingles of northern Europe and Baltic and Black Seas having racemes of small white flowers and large fleshy blue-green leaves often used as potherbs) }

{ Descurainia, genus_Descurainia, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cruciferae,#m (includes annual or biennial herbs of America and Europe very similar to and often included among those of genera Sisymbrium or Hugueninia; not recognized in some classification systems) }
{ tansy_mustard, Descurainia_pinnata, herb,@ genus_Descurainia,#m (North American herb with bitter-tasting pinnate leaves resembling those of tansy) }

{ Diplotaxis, genus_Diplotaxis, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cruciferae,#m (wall rocket) }
{ wall_rocket, Diplotaxis_muralis, Diplotaxis_tenuifolia, herb,@ genus_Diplotaxis,#m (yellow-flowered European plant that grows on old walls and in waste places; an adventive weed in North America) }
{ white_rocket, Diplotaxis_erucoides, herb,@ genus_Diplotaxis,#m (from Mediterranean region; a naturalized weed throughout southern Europe) }

{ genus_Draba, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cruciferae,#m (large genus of low tufted herbs of temperate and Arctic regions) }
{ draba, herb,@ genus_Draba,#m (any of numerous low-growing cushion-forming plants of the genus Draba having rosette-forming leaves and terminal racemes of small flowers with scapose or leafy stems; fruit is a dehiscent oblong or linear silique) }
{ whitlow_grass, shadflower, shad-flower, Draba_verna, draba,@ (annual weed of Europe and North America having a rosette of basal leaves and tiny flowers followed by oblong seed capsules) }

{ Eruca, genus_Eruca, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cruciferae,#m (annual to perennial herbs of the Mediterranean region) }
{ rocket, roquette, garden_rocket, rocket_salad, arugula, Eruca_sativa, Eruca_vesicaria_sativa, herb,@ genus_Eruca,#m (erect European annual often grown as a salad crop to be harvested when young and tender) }

{ Erysimum, genus_Erysimum, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cruciferae,#m (large genus of annual or perennial herbs some grown for their flowers and some for their attractive evergreen leaves; Old World and North America) }
{ wallflower2, flower,@ genus_Erysimum,#m (any of numerous plants of the genus Erysimum having fragrant yellow or orange or brownish flowers) }
{ prairie_rocket2, flower,@ genus_Erysimum,#m (any of several North American plants of the genus Erysimum having large yellow flowers) }
{ Siberian_wall_flower, Erysimum_allionii, Cheiranthus_allionii, wallflower2,@ genus_Erysimum,#m (showy erect biennial or short-lived perennial cultivated for its terminal racemes of orange-yellow flowers; sometimes placed in genus Cheiranthus) }
{ western_wall_flower, Erysimum_asperum, Cheiranthus_asperus, Erysimum_arkansanum, flower,@ genus_Erysimum,#m (biennial or short-lived perennial prairie rocket having orange-yellow flowers; western North America to Minnesota and Kansas; sometimes placed in genus Cheiranthus) }
{ wormseed_mustard, Erysimum_cheiranthoides, weed,@ genus_Erysimum,#m (slender yellow-flowered European mustard often troublesome as a weed; formerly used as an anthelmintic) }

{ genus_Heliophila, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cruciferae,#m (genus of South African flowering herbs and subshrubs) }
{ heliophila, flower,@ genus_Heliophila,#m (any of various South African herbs and subshrubs cultivated for long showy racemes of bright blue flowers with white eyes) }

{ Hesperis, genus_Hesperis, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cruciferae,#m (biennial or perennial erect herbs having nocturnally fragrant flowers) }
{ damask_violet, Dame's_violet, sweet_rocket, Hesperis_matronalis, flower,@ genus_Hesperis,#m (long cultivated herb having flowers whose scent is more pronounced in the evening; naturalized throughout Europe to Siberia and into North America) }

{ Hugueninia, genus_Hugueninia, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ (one species: tansy-leaved rocket) }
{ tansy-leaved_rocket, Hugueninia_tanacetifolia, Sisymbrium_tanacetifolia, herb,@ genus_Hugueninia,#m (perennial stellate and hairy herb with small yellow flowers of mountains of southern Europe; sometimes placed in genus Sisymbrium) }

{ Iberis, genus_Iberis, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cruciferae,#m (Old World herbs and subshrubs: candytuft) }
{ candytuft, flower,@ genus_Iberis,#m (any of various flowering plants of the genus Iberis cultivated for their showy clusters of white to red or purple flowers; native to Mediterranean region) }

{ Isatis, genus_Isatis, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cruciferae,#m (Old World genus of annual to perennial herbs: woad) }
{ woad, herb,@ genus_Isatis,#m (any of several herbs of the genus Isatis) }
{ dyer's_woad, Isatis_tinctoria, woad,@ genus_Isatis,#m (European biennial formerly grown for the blue coloring matter yielded by its leaves) }

{ Lepidium, genus_Lepidium, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cruciferae,#m (cosmopolitan genus of annual and biennial and perennial herbs: cress) }
{ common_garden_cress, garden_pepper_cress, pepper_grass, pepperwort1, Lepidium_sativum, cress,@ genus_Lepidium,#m (annual herb used as salad green and garnish) }

{ Lesquerella, genus_Lesquerella, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cruciferae,#m (genus of low-growing hairy herbs: bladderpods) }
{ bladderpod1, herb,@ genus_Lesquerella,#m (any of several hairy North American herbs having yellow racemose flowers and inflated pods) }

{ Lobularia, genus_Lobularia, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cruciferae,#m (sweet alyssum) }
{ sweet_alyssum, sweet_alison, Lobularia_maritima, flower,@ genus_Lobularia,#m (perennial European plant having clusters of small fragrant usually white flowers; widely grown in gardens) }

{ Lunaria, genus_Lunaria, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cruciferae,#m (small genus of European herbs: honesty) }
{ honesty, silver_dollar, money_plant, satin_flower, satinpod, Lunaria_annua, herb,@ genus_Lunaria,#m (southeastern European plant cultivated for its fragrant purplish flowers and round flat papery silver-white seedpods that are used for indoor decoration) }

{ Malcolmia, genus_Malcolmia, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cruciferae,#m (genus of plants usually found in coastal habitats; Mediterranean to Afghanistan) }
{ Malcolm_stock, stock2, flower,@ genus_Malcolmia,#m (any of various ornamental flowering plants of the genus Malcolmia) }
{ Virginian_stock, Virginia_stock, Malcolmia_maritima, flower,@ (erect branching herb cultivated for its loose racemes of fragrant white or pink or red or lilac flowers; native to sands and sea cliffs of southwestern Greece and southern Albania) }

{ Matthiola, genus_Matthiola, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cruciferae,#m (genus of Old World plants grown as ornamentals) }
{ stock1, gillyflower2, flower,@ genus_Matthiola,#m (any of several Old World plants cultivated for their brightly colored flowers) }
{ brompton_stock, Matthiola_incana, stock1,@ genus_Matthiola,#m (European plant with racemes of sweet-scented flowers; widely cultivated as an ornamental) }

{ Nasturtium2, genus_Nasturtium, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cruciferae,#m (aquatic herbs) }
{ common_watercress, Rorippa_nasturtium-aquaticum, Nasturtium_officinale, watercress,@ genus_Nasturtium,#m (perennial Eurasian cress growing chiefly in springs or running water having fleshy pungent leaves used in salads or as a potherb or garnish; introduced in North America and elsewhere) }

{ Physaria, genus_Physaria, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cruciferae,#m (small genus of western North American herbs similar to Lesquerella: bladderpods) }
{ bladderpod2, herb,@ genus_Physaria,#m (any of several plants of the genus Physaria having racemose yellow flowers and inflated pods) }

{ Pritzelago, genus_Pritzelago, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cruciferae,#m (chamois cress) }
{ chamois_cress, Pritzelago_alpina, Lepidium_alpina, herb,@ (small tufted perennial herb of mountains of central and southern Europe having very small flowers of usually leafless stems; sometimes placed in genus Lepidium) }

{ Raphanus, genus_Raphanus, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cruciferae,#m (radish) }
{ radish_plant, radish4, crucifer,@ genus_Raphanus,#m (a cruciferous plant of the genus Raphanus having a pungent edible root) }
{ jointed_charlock, wild_radish, wild_rape, runch, Raphanus_raphanistrum, weed,@ genus_Raphanus,#m (Eurasian weed having yellow or mauve or white flowers and podlike fruits) }
{ radish, Raphanus_sativus, radish_plant,@ genus_Raphanus,#m (Eurasian plant widely cultivated for its edible pungent root usually eaten raw) }
{ radish2, root,@ radish_plant,#p (pungent edible root of any of various cultivated radish plants) }
{ radish3, daikon, Japanese_radish, Raphanus_sativus_longipinnatus, radish_plant,@ (radish of Japan with a long hard durable root eaten raw or cooked) }

{ Rorippa, genus_Rorippa, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cruciferae,#m (annual and perennial herbs of damp habitats; cosmopolitan except Antarctica) }
{ marsh_cress, yellow_watercress, Rorippa_islandica, watercress,@ genus_Rorippa,#m (annual or biennial cress growing in damp places sometimes used in salads or as a potherb; troublesome weed in some localities) }
{ great_yellowcress, Rorippa_amphibia, Nasturtium_amphibium, watercress,@ genus_Rorippa,#m (perennial herb found on streams and riversides throughout Europe except extreme north and Mediterranean; sometimes placed in genus Nasturtium) }

{ genus_Schizopetalon, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cruciferae,#m (small genus of South American herbs grown for its flowers) }
{ schizopetalon, Schizopetalon_walkeri, flower,@ genus_Schizopetalon,#m (a dainty South American annual having deeply pinnatifid leaves and racemes of fringed almond-scented purple-white flowers) }

{ Sinapis, genus_Sinapis, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cruciferae,#m (small genus of Old World herbs usually included in genus Brassica) }
{ white_mustard, Brassica_hirta, Sinapis_alba, mustard,@ (Eurasian mustard cultivated for its pungent seeds; a source of table mustard and mustard oil) }
{ field_mustard, wild_mustard, charlock, chadlock, Brassica_kaber, Sinapis_arvensis, mustard,@ (weedy Eurasian plant often a pest in grain fields) }

{ genus_Sisymbrium, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cruciferae,#m (genus of Old World annual or biennial or perennial herbs with racemose flowers; many are considered to be weeds) }
{ hedge_mustard, Sisymbrium_officinale, herb,@ genus_Sisymbrium,#m (stiffly branching Old World annual with pale yellow flowers; widely naturalized in North America; formerly used medicinally) }

{ Stanleya, genus_Stanleya, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cruciferae,#m (prince's plume) }
{ desert_plume, prince's-plume, Stanleya_pinnata, Cleome_pinnata, subshrub,@ genus_Stanleya,#m (perennial of southwestern United States having leathery blue-green pinnatifid leaves and thick plumelike spikes of yellow flowers; sometimes placed in genus Cleome) }

{ Stephanomeria, genus_Stephanomeria, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cruciferae,#m (malheur wire lettuce) }
{ malheur_wire_lettuce, Stephanomeria_malheurensis, crucifer,@ genus_Stephanomeria,#m (a small plant of Oregon resembling mustard; a threatened species) }

{ Subularia, genus_Subularia, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cruciferae,#m (small genus of herbs of north temperate regions and mountains of tropical Africa) }
{ awlwort, Subularia_aquatica, aquatic_plant,@ genus_Subularia,#m (small aquatic plant having tufted awl-shaped leaves in a basal rosette and minute white flowers; circumboreal) }

{ Thlaspi, genus_Thlaspi, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cruciferae,#m (herbs of temperate regions: pennycress) }
{ pennycress, weed,@ genus_Thlaspi,#m (any of several plants of the genus Thlaspi) }
{ field_pennycress, French_weed, fanweed, penny_grass, stinkweed, mithridate_mustard, Thlaspi_arvense, pennycress,@ genus_Thlaspi,#m (foetid Eurasian weed having round flat pods; naturalized throughout North America) }

{ Thysanocarpus, genus_Thysanocarpus, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cruciferae,#m (small genus of herbs of upland regions of the Pacific coast of North America) }
{ fringepod, lacepod, herb,@ genus_Thysanocarpus,#m (annual herb having pinnatifid basal leaves and slender racemes of small white flowers followed by one-seeded winged silicles) }

{ Turritis, genus_Turritis, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cruciferae,#m (closely related to and often included in genus Arabis) }

{ Vesicaria, genus_Vesicaria, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cruciferae,#m (small genus of chiefly Mediterranean herbs: bladderpods) }
{ bladderpod3, herb,@ genus_Vesicaria,#m (annual or perennial herbs with inflated seed pods; some placed in genus Lesquerella) }

{ wasabi, herb,@ family_Cruciferae,#m (a Japanese plant of the family Cruciferae with a thick green root) }

{ Papaveraceae, family_Papaveraceae, poppy_family, dilleniid_dicot_family,@ order_Rhoeadales,#m (herbs or shrubs having milky and often colored juices and capsular fruits) }
{ poppy, flower,@ poppy_family,#m (annual or biennial or perennial herbs having showy flowers) }
{ Papaver, genus_Papaver, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Papaveraceae,#m (type genus of the Papaveraceae; chiefly bristly hairy herbs with usually showy flowers) }
{ Iceland_poppy1, Papaver_alpinum, poppy,@ genus_Papaver,#m (Old World alpine poppy with white or yellow to orange flowers) }
{ western_poppy, Papaver_californicum, poppy,@ genus_Papaver,#m (showy annual of California with red flowers) }
{ prickly_poppy1, Papaver_argemone, poppy,@ genus_Papaver,#m (annual Old World poppy with orange-red flowers and bristly fruit) }
{ Iceland_poppy2, arctic_poppy, Papaver_nudicaule, poppy,@ genus_Papaver,#m (subarctic perennial poppy of both hemispheres having fragrant white or yellow to orange or peach flowers) }
{ oriental_poppy, Papaver_orientale, poppy,@ genus_Papaver,#m (commonly cultivated Asiatic perennial poppy having stiff heavily haired leaves and bright scarlet or pink to orange flowers) }
{ corn_poppy, field_poppy, Flanders_poppy, Papaver_rhoeas, poppy,@ genus_Papaver,#m (annual European poppy common in grain fields and often cultivated) }
{ opium_poppy, Papaver_somniferum, poppy,@ genus_Papaver,#m (southwestern Asian herb with greyish leaves and white or reddish flowers; source of opium) }

{ genus_Argemone, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Papaveraceae,#m (prickly poppies) }
{ prickly_poppy2, argemone, white_thistle2, devil's_fig, herb,@ genus_Argemone,#m (any plant of the genus Argemone having large white or yellow flowers and prickly leaves and stems and pods; chiefly of tropical America) }
{ Mexican_poppy, Argemone_mexicana, prickly_poppy2,@ (annual herb with prickly stems and large yellow flowers; southern United States to West Indies and Mexico) }

{ genus_Bocconia, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Papaveraceae,#m (tropical American trees or shrubs closely related to genus Macleaya) }
{ bocconia1, tree_celandine, Bocconia_frutescens, flowering_tree,@ genus_Bocconia,#m (small Central American tree having loose racemes of purple-tinted green flowers) }

{ Chelidonium, genus_Chelidonium, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Papaveraceae,#m (one species: greater celandine) }
{ celandine1, greater_celandine, swallowwort1, swallow_wort, Chelidonium_majus, poppy,@ genus_Chelidonium,#m (perennial herb with branched woody stock and bright yellow flowers) }

{ Corydalis, genus_Corydalis, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Papaveraceae,#m (annual or perennial herbs of Himalayan China and South Africa) }
{ corydalis1, flower,@ genus_Corydalis,#m (a plant of the genus Corydalis with beautiful compound foliage and spurred tubular flowers) }
{ climbing_corydalis, Corydalis_claviculata, Fumaria_claviculata, vine,@ genus_Corydalis,#m (annual vine with decompound leaves and racemes of yellow and pink flowers) }
{ Roman_wormwood1, rock_harlequin, Corydalis_sempervirens, Fumaria_sempervirens, corydalis,@ (glaucous herb of northeastern United States and Canada having loose racemes of yellow-tipped pink flowers; sometimes placed in genus Fumaria) }
{ fumewort2, fumeroot2, Corydalis_solida, corydalis,@ (herb of northern Europe and Asia having erect racemes of red flowers) }

{ Dendromecon, genus_Dendromecon, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Papaveraceae,#m (one species: bush poppy) }
{ bush_poppy, tree_poppy, shrub,@ genus_Dendromecon,#m (evergreen shrub of southwestern United States and Mexico often cultivated for its fragrant golden yellow flowers) }
{ Eschscholtzia, genus_Eschscholtzia, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Papaveraceae,#m (showy herbs of western North America) }
{ California_poppy, Eschscholtzia_californica, poppy,@ genus_Eschscholtzia,#m (of Pacific coast of North America; widely cultivated for its yellow to red flowers) }
{ Glaucium, genus_Glaucium, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Papaveraceae,#m (herbs of Europe and North Africa and Asia: horned poppy) }
{ horn_poppy, horned_poppy, yellow_horned_poppy, sea_poppy, Glaucium_flavum, flower,@ genus_Glaucium,#m (yellow-flowered Eurasian glaucous herb naturalized in along sandy shores in eastern North America) }

{ Hunnemannia, genus_Hunnemania, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Papaveraceae,#m (one species: golden cup) }
{ golden_cup, Mexican_tulip_poppy, Hunnemania_fumariifolia, poppy,@ genus_Hunnemania,#m (native of Mexican highlands grown for its glossy clear yellow flowers and blue-grey finely dissected foliage) }

{ Macleaya, genus_Macleaya, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Papaveraceae,#m (a perennial herb of eastern Asia: plume poppy) }
{ plume_poppy, bocconia2, Macleaya_cordata, poppy,@ genus_Macleaya,#m (herb of China and Japan widely cultivated for its plumelike panicles of creamy white flowers) }

{ Meconopsis, genus_Meconopsis, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Papaveraceae,#m (herbs almost entirely of mountains of China and Tibet; often monocarpic) }
{ blue_poppy, Meconopsis_betonicifolia, poppy,@ genus_Meconopsis,#m (Chinese perennial having mauve-pink to bright sky blue flowers in drooping cymes) }
{ Welsh_poppy, Meconopsis_cambrica, poppy,@ genus_Meconopsis,#m (widely cultivated west European plant with showy pale yellow flowers) }

{ Platystemon, genus_Platystemon, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Papaveraceae,#m (one species: creamcups) }
{ creamcups, Platystemon_californicus, poppy,@ genus_Platystemon,#m (California plant with small pale yellow flowers) }
{ Romneya, genus_Romneya, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Papaveraceae,#m (one species: matilija poppy) }
{ matilija_poppy, California_tree_poppy, Romneya_coulteri, subshrub,@ genus_Romneya,#m (tall branching subshrub of California and Mexico often cultivated for its silvery-blue foliage and large fragrant white flowers) }
{ Sanguinaria, genus_Sanguinaria, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Papaveraceae,#m (one species: bloodroot) }
{ bloodroot, puccoon1, redroot, tetterwort, Sanguinaria_canadensis, herb,@ genus_Sanguinaria,#m (perennial woodland native of North America having a red root and red sap and bearing a solitary lobed leaf and white flower in early spring and having acrid emetic properties; rootstock used as a stimulant and expectorant) }
{ Stylomecon, genus_Stylomecon, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Papaveraceae,#m (one species: wind poppy) }
{ wind_poppy, flaming_poppy, Stylomecon_heterophyllum, Papaver_heterophyllum, poppy,@ (California wild poppy with bright red flowers) }
{ Stylophorum, genus_Stylophorum, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Papaveraceae,#m (wood poppies) }
{ celandine_poppy, wood_poppy, Stylophorum_diphyllum, poppy,@ genus_Stylophorum,#m (perennial herb native to woodland of the eastern United States having yellow flowers) }

{ Fumariaceae, family_Fumariaceae, fumitory_family, dilleniid_dicot_family,@ order_Rhoeadales,#m (erect or climbing herbs of the northern hemisphere and southern Africa: bleeding heart; Dutchman's breeches; fumitory; squirrel corn) }
{ Fumaria, genus_Fumaria, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Fumariaceae,#m (annual herbs whose flowers have only one petal spurred at the base) }
{ fumitory, fumewort1, fumeroot1, Fumaria_officinalis, herb,@ genus_Fumaria,#m (delicate European herb with greyish leaves and spikes of purplish flowers; formerly used medicinally) }

{ Adlumia, genus_Adlumia, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Fumariaceae,#m (one species: climbing fumitory) }
{ climbing_fumitory, Allegheny_vine, Adlumia_fungosa, Fumaria_fungosa, vine,@ (vine with feathery leaves and white or pinkish flowers; sometimes placed in genus Fumaria) }

{ Dicentra, genus_Dicentra, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Fumariaceae,#m (North American and Asian herbs with divided leaves and irregular flowers) }
{ bleeding_heart, lyreflower, lyre-flower, Dicentra_spectabilis, herb,@ genus_Dicentra,#m (garden plant having deep-pink drooping heart-shaped flowers) }
{ Dutchman's_breeches, Dicentra_cucullaria, herb,@ genus_Dicentra,#m (delicate spring-flowering plant of the eastern United States having white flowers with double spurs) }
{ squirrel_corn, Dicentra_canadensis, herb,@ (American plant with cream-colored flowers and tuberous roots resembling kernels of corn) }

{ Asteridae, subclass_Asteridae, noun.group:class2,@ class_Dicotyledones,#m (a group of mostly sympetalous herbs and some trees and shrubs mostly with 2 fused carpels; contains 43 families including Campanulales; Solanaceae; Scrophulariaceae; Labiatae; Verbenaceae; Rubiaceae; Compositae; sometimes classified as a superorder) }

{ Campanulales, order_Campanulales, plant_order,@ subclass_Asteridae,#m (an order of plants of the subclass Asteridae including: Campanulaceae; Lobeliaceae; Cucurbitaceae; Goodeniaceae; Compositae) }

(++complete)
{ Compositae, family_Compositae, Asteraceae, family_Asteraceae, aster_family, asterid_dicot_family,@ order_Campanulales,#m (plants with heads composed of many florets: aster; daisy; dandelion; goldenrod; marigold; lettuces; ragweed; sunflower; thistle; zinnia) }
{ [ composite, adj.pert:composite,+ ] composite_plant, flower,@ family_Compositae,#m (considered the most highly evolved dicotyledonous plants, characterized by florets arranged in dense heads that resemble single flowers) }
{ compass_plant, compass_flower, composite_plant,@ family_Compositae,#m (any of several plants having leaves so arranged on the axis as to indicate the cardinal points of the compass) }
{ everlasting, everlasting_flower, composite_plant,@ family_Compositae,#m (any of various plants of various genera of the family Compositae having flowers that can be dried without loss of form or color) }

{ genus_Achillea, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (perennial often aromatic and sometimes mat-forming herbs of north temperate regions: yarrow; milfoil) }
{ achillea, herb,@ genus_Achillea,#m (any of several plants of the genus Achillea native to Europe and having small white flowers in flat-topped flower heads) }
{ yarrow, milfoil1, Achillea_millefolium, achillea,@ (ubiquitous strong-scented mat-forming Eurasian herb of wasteland, hedgerow or pasture having narrow serrate leaves and small usually white florets; widely naturalized in North America) }
{ sneezeweed_yarrow, sneezewort, Achillea_ptarmica, achillea,@ (Eurasian herb having loose heads of button-shaped white flowers and long grey-green leaves that cause sneezing when powdered) }

{ Acroclinium, genus_Acroclinium, asterid_dicot_genus,@ (genus of herbs and shrubs of Australia and South Africa: everlasting flower; most species usually placed in genus Helipterum) }
{ pink-and-white_everlasting, pink_paper_daisy, Acroclinium_roseum, everlasting,@ genus_Acroclinium,#m (flower of southwestern Australia having bright pink daisylike papery flowers; grown for drying) }

{ Ageratina, genus_Ageratina, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (annual to perennial herbs or shrubs of eastern United States and Central and South America) }
{ white_snakeroot, white_sanicle, Ageratina_altissima, Eupatorium_rugosum, herbaceous_plant,@ genus_Ageratina,#m (American herb having flat-topped clusters of small white flower heads; reputedly a cause of trembles and milk sickness; sometimes placed in genus Eupatorium) }

{ genus_Ageratum, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (genus of tropical American herbs grown for their flowers) }
{ ageratum1, flower,@ genus_Ageratum,#m (any plant of the genus Ageratum having opposite leaves and small heads of blue or white flowers) }
{ common_ageratum, Ageratum_houstonianum, ageratum1,@ (small tender herb grown for its fluffy brushlike blue to lavender blooms) }

{ Amberboa, genus_Amberboa, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (herbs of Mediterranean to central Asia cultivated for their flowers) }
{ sweet_sultan1, Amberboa_moschata, Centaurea_moschata, flower,@ genus_Amberboa,#m (Asian plant widely grown for its sweetly fragrant pink flowers; sometimes placed in genus Centaurea) }

{ genus_Ambrosia, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (comprising the ragweeds; in some classification considered the type genus of a separate family Ambrosiaceae) }
{ Ambrosiaceae, family_Ambrosiaceae, asterid_dicot_family,@ family_Compositae,#m (in some classifications considered a separate family comprising a subgroup of the Compositae including the ragweeds) }
{ ragweed1, ambrosia, bitterweed1, weed,@ genus_Ambrosia,#m (any of numerous chiefly North American weedy plants constituting the genus Ambrosia that produce highly allergenic pollen responsible for much hay fever and asthma) }
{ common_ragweed, Ambrosia_artemisiifolia, ragweed1,@ (annual weed with finely divided foliage and spikes of green flowers; common in North America; introduced elsewhere accidentally) }
{ great_ragweed, Ambrosia_trifida, ragweed1,@ (a coarse annual with some leaves deeply and palmately three-cleft or five-cleft) }
{ western_ragweed, perennial_ragweed, Ambrosia_psilostachya, ragweed1,@ (coarse perennial ragweed with creeping roots of dry barren lands of southwestern United States and Mexico) }

{ genus_Ammobium, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (small genus of Australian herbs grown for their flowers) }
{ ammobium, flower,@ genus_Ammobium,#m (any plant of the genus Ammobium having yellow flowers and silvery foliage) }
{ winged_everlasting, Ammobium_alatum, ammobium,@ (Australian plant widely cultivated for its beautiful silvery-white blooms with bright yellow centers on long winged stems) }

{ Anacyclus, genus_Anacyclus, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (a Spanish pellitory) }
{ pellitory1, pellitory-of-Spain, Anacyclus_pyrethrum, herb,@ genus_Anacyclus,#m (a small Mediterranean plant containing a volatile oil once used to relieve toothache) }

{ Anaphalis, genus_Anaphalis, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (a genus of herbs of north temperate regions having hoary leaves: pearly everlasting) }
{ pearly_everlasting, cottonweed3, Anaphalis_margaritacea, everlasting,@ genus_Anaphalis,#m (an American everlasting having foliage with soft wooly hairs and corymbose heads with pearly white bracts) }

{ genus_Andryala, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (a genus of hardy hairy latex-producing perennials of Mediterranean area) }
{ andryala, herb,@ genus_Andryala,#m (any plant of the genus Andryala having milky sap and heads of bright yellow flowers) }

{ Antennaria, genus_Antennaria, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (small woolly perennial herbs having small whitish discoid flowers surrounded by a ring of club-shaped bristles) }
{ ladies'_tobacco, lady's_tobacco, Antennaria_plantaginifolia, herb,@ genus_Antennaria,#m (North American perennial propagated by means of runners) }
{ cat's_foot, cat's_feet, pussytoes, Antennaria_dioica, herb,@ genus_Antennaria,#m (low-growing perennial herb having leaves with whitish down and clusters of small white flowers) }
{ plantain-leaved_pussytoes, pussytoes,@ (a variety of pussytoes) }
{ field_pussytoes, pussytoes,@ (a variety of pussytoes) }
{ solitary_pussytoes, pussytoes,@ (a variety of pussytoes) }
{ mountain_everlasting, cat's_foot,@ (a variety of cat's foot) }

{ Anthemis, genus_Anthemis, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (dog fennel) }
{ mayweed, dog_fennel1, stinking_mayweed, stinking_chamomile, Anthemis_cotula, composite_plant,@ genus_Anthemis,#m (widespread rank-smelling weed having white-rayed flower heads with yellow discs) }
{ yellow_chamomile, golden_marguerite, dyers'_chamomile, Anthemis_tinctoria, composite_plant,@ genus_Anthemis,#m (Eurasian perennial herb with hairy divided leaves and yellow flowers; naturalized in North America) }
{ corn_chamomile, field_chamomile, corn_mayweed2, Anthemis_arvensis, composite_plant,@ genus_Anthemis,#m (European white-flowered weed naturalized in North America) }

{ Antheropeas, genus_Antheropeas, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (small genus of North American herbs often included in genus Eriophyllum) }
{ woolly_daisy, dwarf_daisy, Antheropeas_wallacei, Eriophyllum_wallacei, wildflower,@ genus_Antheropeas,#m (tiny grey woolly tufted annual with small golden-yellow flower heads; southeastern California to northwestern Arizona and southwestern Utah; sometimes placed in genus Eriophyllum) }

{ Arctium, genus_Arctium, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (burdock) }
{ burdock, clotbur, subshrub,@ genus_Arctium,#m (any of several erect biennial herbs of temperate Eurasia having stout taproots and producing burs) }
{ common_burdock, lesser_burdock, Arctium_minus, burdock,@ (a plant that is ubiquitous in all but very acid soil; found in most of Europe and North Africa) }
{ great_burdock, greater_burdock, cocklebur2, Arctium_lappa, burdock,@ (burdock having heart-shaped leaves found in open woodland, hedgerows and rough grassland of Europe (except extreme N) and Asia Minor; sometimes cultivated for medicinal and culinary use) }

{ Arctotis, genus_Arctotis, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (herbs and subshrubs: African daisy) }
{ African_daisy1, flower,@ genus_Arctotis,#m (any of several plants of the genus Arctotis having daisylike flowers) }
{ blue-eyed_African_daisy, Arctotis_stoechadifolia, Arctotis_venusta, flower,@ genus_Arctotis,#m (bushy perennial of South Africa with white or violet flowers; in its native region often clothes entire valley sides in a sheet of color) }

{ Argyranthemum, genus_Argyranthemum, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (comprises plants often included in the genus Chrysanthemum) }
{ marguerite2, marguerite_daisy, Paris_daisy, Chrysanthemum_frutescens, Argyranthemum_frutescens, subshrub,@ genus_Argyranthemum,#m (perennial subshrub of the Canary Islands having usually pale yellow daisylike flowers; often included in genus Chrysanthemum) }

{ Argyroxiphium, genus_Argyroxiphium, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (small genus of Hawaiian spreading and rosette-forming shrubs) }
{ silversword, Argyroxiphium_sandwicense, shrub,@ genus_Argyroxiphium,#m (low-growing plant found only in volcanic craters on Hawaii having rosettes of narrow pointed silver-green leaves and clusters of profuse red-purple flowers on a tall stem) }

{ genus_Arnica, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (large genus of herbs of north temperate and Arctic regions) }
{ arnica1, herb,@ genus_Arnica,#m (any of various rhizomatous usually perennial plants of the genus Arnica) }
{ heartleaf_arnica, Arnica_cordifolia, wildflower,@ genus_Arnica,#m (wildflower with heart-shaped leaves and broad yellow flower heads; of alpine areas west of the Rockies from Alaska to southern California) }
{ Arnica_montana, wildflower,@ genus_Arnica,#m (herb of pasture and open woodland throughout most of Europe and western Asia having orange-yellow daisylike flower heads that when dried are used as a stimulant and to treat bruises and swellings) }
{ arnica2, noun.artifact:tincture,@ Arnica_montana,#s (used especially in treating bruises) }

{ Arnoseris, genus_Arnoseris, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (lamb succory) }
{ lamb_succory, dwarf_nipplewort, Arnoseris_minima, herb,@ genus_Arnoseris,#m (small European herb with small yellow flowers) }

{ genus_Artemisia, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (usually aromatic shrubs or herbs of north temperate regions and South Africa and western South America: wormwood; sagebrush; mugwort; tarragon) }
{ artemisia, shrub,@ genus_Artemisia,#m (any of various composite shrubs or herbs of the genus Artemisia having aromatic green or greyish foliage) }
{ wormwood, subshrub,@ family_Compositae,#m (any of several low composite herbs of the genera Artemisia or Seriphidium) }
{ mugwort, wormwood,@ genus_Artemisia,#m (any of several weedy composite plants of the genus Artemisia) }
{ sagebrush, sage_brush, subshrub,@ family_Compositae,#m (any of several North American composite subshrubs of the genera Artemis or Seriphidium) }
{ southernwood, Artemisia_abrotanum, wormwood,@ genus_Artemisia,#m (shrubby European wormwood naturalized in North America; sometimes used in brewing beer) }
{ common_wormwood, absinthe, old_man, lad's_love, Artemisia_absinthium, wormwood,@ genus_Artemisia,#m noun.food:absinthe,#s (aromatic herb of temperate Eurasia and North Africa having a bitter taste used in making the liqueur absinthe) }
{ sweet_wormwood, Artemisia_annua, wormwood,@ genus_Artemisia,#m (wormwood of southeastern Europe to Iran) }
{ California_sagebrush, California_sage, Artemisia_californica, sagebrush,@ genus_Artemisia,#m (low ashy-grey California shrub) }
{ field_wormwood, Artemisia_campestris, wormwood,@ genus_Artemisia,#m (European wormwood similar to common wormwood in its properties) }
{ tarragon, estragon, Artemisia_dracunculus, artemisia,@ (aromatic perennial of southeastern Russia) }
{ sand_sage, silvery_wormwood, Artemisia_filifolia, sagebrush,@ genus_Artemisia,#m (silver-haired shrub of central and southern United States and Mexico; a troublesome weed on rangelands) }
{ wormwood_sage, prairie_sagewort, Artemisia_frigida, wormwood,@ genus_Artemisia,#m (silky-leaved aromatic perennial of dry northern parts of the northern hemisphere; has tawny florets) }
{ western_mugwort, white_sage, cudweed3, prairie_sage, Artemisia_ludoviciana, Artemisia_gnaphalodes, mugwort,@ (perennial cottony-white herb of southwestern United States) }
{ Roman_wormwood2, Artemis_pontica, wormwood,@ genus_Artemisia,#m (European wormwood; minor source of absinthe) }
{ bud_brush, bud_sagebrush, Artemis_spinescens, sagebrush,@ genus_Artemisia,#m (a perennial that is valuable as sheep forage in the United States) }
{ dusty_miller1, beach_wormwood, old_woman, Artemisia_stelleriana, wormwood,@ genus_Artemisia,#m (herb with greyish leaves found along the east coast of North America; used as an ornamental plant) }
{ common_mugwort, Artemisia_vulgaris, mugwort,@ (European tufted aromatic perennial herb having hairy red or purple stems and dark green leaves downy white below and red-brown florets) }

{ genus_Aster, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (large genus of herbs widely cultivated for their daisylike flowers) }
{ aster, flower,@ genus_Aster,#m (any of various chiefly fall-blooming herbs of the genus Aster with showy daisylike flowers) }
{ wood_aster, aster,@ (any of several asters of eastern North America usually growing in woods) }
{ whorled_aster, Aster_acuminatus, aster,@ (North American perennial with apparently whorled leaves and showy white purple-tinged flowers) }
{ heath_aster2, Aster_arenosus, aster,@ (common North American perennial with heathlike foliage and small white flower heads) }
{ heart-leaved_aster, Aster_cordifolius, wood_aster,@ (perennial wood aster of eastern North America) }
{ white_wood_aster, Aster_divaricatus, wood_aster,@ (rhizomatous perennial wood aster of eastern North America with white flowers) }
{ bushy_aster, Aster_dumosus, aster,@ (stiff perennial of the eastern United States having small linear leaves and numerous tiny white flower heads) }
{ heath_aster1, Aster_ericoides, aster,@ (common much-branched North American perennial with heathlike foliage and small starry white flowers) }
{ white_prairie_aster, Aster_falcatus, aster,@ (perennial of western North America having white flowers) }
{ stiff_aster, Aster_linarifolius, aster,@ (wiry tufted perennial of the eastern United States with stiff erect rough stems, linear leaves and large violet flowers) }
{ goldilocks, goldilocks_aster, Aster_linosyris, Linosyris_vulgaris, aster,@ (early-flowering perennial of southern and southeastern Europe with flower heads resembling those of goldenrod) }
{ large-leaved_aster, Aster_macrophyllus, wood_aster,@ (tufted perennial wood aster of North America; naturalized in Europe) }
{ New_England_aster, Aster_novae-angliae, aster,@ (common perennial of eastern North America having showy purplish flowers; a parent of the Michaelmas daisy) }
{ Michaelmas_daisy, New_York_aster, Aster_novi-belgii, aster,@ (North American perennial herb having small autumn-blooming purple or pink or white flowers; widely naturalized in Europe) }
{ upland_white_aster, Aster_ptarmicoides, aster,@ (tufted rigid North American perennial with loose clusters of white flowers) }
{ Short's_aster, Aster_shortii, aster,@ (perennial of southeastern United States having usually blue flowers) }
{ sea_aster, sea_starwort, Aster_tripolium, aster,@ (a common European aster that grows in salt marshes) }
{ prairie_aster, Aster_turbinellis, aster,@ (violet-flowered perennial aster of central United States having solitary heads) }
(=? none of following in W III or wildflower book)
{ annual_salt-marsh_aster, aster,@ (a variety of aster) }
{ aromatic_aster, aster,@ (a variety of aster) }
{ arrow_leaved_aster, aster,@ (a variety of aster) }
{ azure_aster, aster,@ (a variety of aster) }
{ bog_aster, aster,@ (a variety of aster) }
{ crooked-stemmed_aster, aster,@ (a variety of aster) }
{ Eastern_silvery_aster, aster,@ (a variety of aster) }
{ flat-topped_white_aster, aster,@ (a variety of aster) }
{ late_purple_aster, aster,@ (a variety of aster) }
{ panicled_aster, aster,@ (a variety of aster) }
{ perennial_salt_marsh_aster, aster,@ (a variety of aster) }
{ purple-stemmed_aster, aster,@ (a variety of aster) }
{ rough-leaved_aster, aster,@ (a variety of aster) }
{ rush_aster, aster,@ (a variety of aster) }
{ Schreiber's_aster, aster,@ (a variety of aster) }
{ small_white_aster, aster,@ (a variety of aster) }
{ smooth_aster, aster,@ (a variety of aster) }
{ southern_aster, aster,@ (a variety of aster) }
{ starved_aster, calico_aster, aster,@ (a variety of aster) }
{ tradescant's_aster, aster,@ (a variety of aster) }
{ wavy-leaved_aster, aster,@ (a variety of aster) }
{ Western_silvery_aster, aster,@ (a variety of aster) }
{ willow_aster, aster,@ (a variety of aster) }

{ genus_Ayapana, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (genus of tropical American herbs sometimes included in genus Eupatorium) }
{ ayapana, Ayapana_triplinervis, Eupatorium_aya-pana, herb,@ genus_Ayapana,#m (low spreading tropical American shrub with long slender leaves used to make a mildly stimulating drink resembling tea; sometimes placed in genus Eupatorium) }

{ Baccharis, genus_Baccharis, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (shrubs of western hemisphere often having honey-scented flowers followed by silky thistlelike heads of tiny fruits; often used for erosion control) }
{ groundsel_tree, groundsel_bush, consumption_weed, cotton-seed_tree, Baccharis_halimifolia, shrub,@ genus_Baccharis,#m (a shrub of salt marshes of eastern and south central North America and West Indies; fruit is surrounded with white plumelike hairy tufts) }
{ mule_fat, Baccharis_viminea, shrub,@ genus_Baccharis,#m (California shrub with slender leafy shoots that are important browse for mule deer) }
{ coyote_brush, coyote_bush, chaparral_broom, kidney_wort, Baccharis_pilularis, shrub,@ genus_Baccharis,#m (widely spreading evergreen shrub of southwestern United States with flower heads in a leafy panicle) }

{ Balsamorhiza, genus_Balsamorhiza, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (genus of coarse western American herbs with large roots containing an aromatic balsam) }
{ balsamroot, herb,@ genus_Balsamorhiza,#m (a plant of the genus Balsamorhiza having downy leaves in a basal rosette and yellow flowers and long balsam-scented taproots) }

{ Bellis, genus_Bellis, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (daisy) }
{ daisy, flower,@ genus_Bellis,#m (any of numerous composite plants having flower heads with well-developed ray flowers usually arranged in a single whorl) }
{ common_daisy, English_daisy, Bellis_perennis, daisy,@ (low-growing Eurasian plant with yellow central disc flowers and pinkish-white outer ray flowers) }

{ Bidens, genus_Bidens, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (bur marigolds) }
{ bur_marigold, burr_marigold, beggar-ticks1, beggar's-ticks, sticktight, subshrub,@ genus_Bidens,#m (any of several plants of the genus Bidens having yellow flowers and prickly fruits that cling to fur and clothing) }
{ Spanish_needles1, Bidens_bipinnata, bur_marigold,@ (common bur marigold of the eastern United States) }
{ Spanish_needles2, beggar-ticks2, bur,@ bur_marigold,#p (the seed of bur marigolds) }
{ tickseed_sunflower, Bidens_coronata, Bidens_trichosperma, bur_marigold,@ (North American bur marigold with large flowers) }
{ European_beggar-ticks, trifid_beggar-ticks, trifid_bur_marigold, Bidens_tripartita, bur_marigold,@ (bur marigold of temperate Eurasia) }
{ swampy_beggar-ticks, Bidens_connata, bur_marigold,@ (bur marigold of eastern and northern United States and Canada common in wet pastures and meadows) }
{ slender_knapweed, knapweed,@ (a variety of knapweed) }
{ Jersey_knapweed, knapweed,@ (a variety of knapweed) }

{ Boltonia, genus_Boltonia, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (genus of tall leafy perennial herbs of eastern America and eastern Asia having flowers that resemble asters) }
{ false_chamomile, wildflower,@ genus_Boltonia,#m (any of various autumn-flowering perennials having white or pink to purple flowers that resemble asters; wild in moist soils from New Jersey to Florida and Texas) }

{ Brachycome, genus_Brachycome, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (mostly Australian herbs having basal or alternate leaves and loosely corymbose flower heads) }
{ Swan_River_daisy, Brachycome_Iberidifolia, flower,@ genus_Brachycome,#m (western Australian annual much cultivated for its flower heads with white or bluish to violet or variegated rays) }

{ Brickellia, genus_Brickelia, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (genus of herbs of southwestern America having usually creamy florets followed by one-seeded fruits in a prominent bristly sheath) }

{ Buphthalmum, genus_Buphthalmum, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (oxeye) }
{ oxeye1, wildflower,@ genus_Buphthalmum,#m (Eurasian perennial herbs having daisylike flowers with yellow rays and dark centers) }
{ woodland_oxeye, Buphthalmum_salicifolium, oxeye1,@ (hairy Eurasian perennial having deep yellow daisies on lax willowy stems; found in the wild in open woodland and on rocky slopes) }

{ Cacalia, genus_Cacalia, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (genus of tall smooth herbs of forested mountains of Europe and Asia minor; in some classifications includes many plants usually placed in genus Emilia) }
{ Indian_plantain, herb,@ genus_Cacalia,#m (any of various plants of the genus Cacalia having leaves resembling those of plantain) }

{ genus_Calendula, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (marigold) }
{ calendula, flower,@ genus_Calendula,#m (any of numerous chiefly annual herbs of the genus Calendula widely cultivated for their yellow or orange flowers; often used for medicinal and culinary purposes) }
{ common_marigold, pot_marigold, ruddles, Scotch_marigold, Calendula_officinalis, calendula,@ (the common European annual marigold) }

{ Callistephus, genus_Callistephus, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (one species: erect Asiatic herb with large flowers) }
{ China_aster, Callistephus_chinensis, flower,@ genus_Callistephus,#m (valued for their beautiful flowers in a wide range of clear bright colors; grown primarily for cutting) }

{ thistle, weed,@ family_Compositae,#m (any of numerous plants of the family Compositae and especially of the genera Carduus and Cirsium and Onopordum having prickly-edged leaves) }

{ Carduus, genus_Carduus, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (genus of annual or perennial Old World prickly thistles) }
{ welted_thistle, Carduus_crispus, thistle,@ genus_Carduus,#m (European biennial introduced in North America having flower heads in crowded clusters at ends of branches) }
{ musk_thistle, nodding_thistle, Carduus_nutans, thistle,@ genus_Carduus,#m (Eurasian perennial naturalized in eastern North America having very spiny white cottony foliage and nodding musky crimson flower heads; valuable source of nectar) }

{ Carlina, genus_Carlina, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (genus of Mediterranean thistles) }
{ carline_thistle, thistle,@ genus_Carlina,#m (a thistle of the genus Carlina) }
{ stemless_carline_thistle, Carlina_acaulis, carline_thistle,@ (stemless perennial having large flowers with white or purple-brown florets nestled in a rosette of long spiny leaves hairy beneath; of alpine regions of southern and eastern Europe) }
{ common_carline_thistle, Carlina_vulgaris, carline_thistle,@ (Eurasian thistle growing in sand dunes and dry chalky soils) }

{ Carthamus, genus_Carthamus, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (safflower) }
{ safflower, false_saffron, Carthamus_tinctorius, herb,@ genus_Carthamus,#m (thistlelike Eurasian plant widely grown for its red or orange flower heads and seeds that yield a valuable oil) }
{ safflower_seed, seed,@ safflower,#p (seed of the safflower) }
{ safflower_oil, noun.substance:oil,@ safflower,#s (oil from safflower seeds used as food as well as in medicines and paints) }

{ genus_Catananche, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (genus of Mediterranean herbs: cupid's dart) }
{ catananche, flower,@ genus_Catananche,#m (any of several plants of the genus Catananche having long-stalked heads of blue or yellow flowers) }
{ blue_succory, cupid's_dart, Catananche_caerulea, catananche,@ (south European plant having dark-eyed flowers with flat blue rays) }

{ Centaurea, genus_Centaurea, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (knapweed; star thistle) }
{ centaury1, subshrub,@ genus_Centaurea,#m (any plant of the genus Centaurea) }
{ basket_flower1, Centaurea_americana, centaury1,@ (annual of southwestern United States cultivated for its purple flower heads and its bracts that resemble small baskets) }
{ dusty_miller4, Centaurea_cineraria, Centaurea_gymnocarpa, centaury1,@ (a plant having leaves and stems covered with down that resembles dust) }
{ cornflower, bachelor's_button1, bluebottle, Centaurea_cyanus, flower,@ genus_Centaurea,#m (an annual Eurasian plant cultivated in North America having showy heads of blue or purple or pink or white flowers) }
{ star-thistle, caltrop1, Centauria_calcitrapa, centaury1,@ (Mediterranean annual or biennial herb having pinkish to purple flowers surrounded by spine-tipped scales; naturalized in America) }
{ knapweed, centaury1,@ (any of various plants of the genus Centaurea having purple thistlelike flowers) }
{ sweet_sultan2, Centaurea_imperialis, flower,@ genus_Centaurea,#m (perennial of mountains of Iran and Iraq; cultivated for its fragrant rose-pink flowers) }
{ lesser_knapweed, black_knapweed, hardheads, Centaurea_nigra, knapweed,@ (a weedy perennial with tough wiry stems and purple flowers; native to Europe but widely naturalized) }
{ great_knapweed, greater_knapweed, Centaurea_scabiosa, knapweed,@ (tall European perennial having purple flower heads) }
{ Barnaby's_thistle, yellow_star-thistle, Centaurea_solstitialis, weed,@ (European weed having a winged stem and hairy leaves; adventive in the eastern United States) }

{ Chamaemelum, genus_Chamaemelum, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (small genus of plants sometimes included in genus Anthemis: chamomile) }
{ chamomile, camomile, Chamaemelum_nobilis, Anthemis_nobilis, herb,@ genus_Chamaemelum,#m noun.food:camomile_tea,#s (Eurasian plant with apple-scented foliage and white-rayed flowers and feathery leaves used medicinally; in some classification systems placed in genus Anthemis) }

{ genus_Chaenactis, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (genus of flowering herbs of western United States) }
{ chaenactis, herb,@ genus_Chaenactis,#m (any of several United States plants having long stalks of funnel-shaped white or yellow flowers) }

{ genus_Chrysanthemum, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (in some classifications many plants usually assigned to the genus Chrysanthemum have been divided among other genera: e.g. Argyranthemum; Dendranthema; Leucanthemum; Tanacetum) }
{ chrysanthemum, flower,@ family_Compositae,#m (any of numerous perennial Old World herbs having showy brightly colored flower heads of the genera Chrysanthemum, Argyranthemum, Dendranthema, Tanacetum; widely cultivated) }
{ corn_marigold, field_marigold, Chrysanthemum_segetum, chrysanthemum,@ genus_Chrysanthemum,#m (European herb with bright yellow flowers; a common weed in grain fields) }
{ crown_daisy, Chrysanthemum_coronarium, chrysanthemum,@ genus_Chrysanthemum,#m (shrubby annual of the Mediterranean region with yellowish-white flowers) }
{ chop-suey_greens, tong_ho, shun_giku, Chrysanthemum_coronarium_spatiosum, chrysanthemum,@ genus_Chrysanthemum,#m (grown for its succulent edible leaves used in Asian cooking) }
{ chrysanthemum1, flower2,@ chrysanthemum,#p (the flower of a chrysanthemum plant) }

{ Chrysopsis, genus_Chrysopsis, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (golden aster) }
{ golden_aster, wildflower,@ genus_Chrysopsis,#m (any of several shrubby herbs or subshrubs of the genus Chrysopsis having bright golden-yellow flower heads that resemble asters; throughout much of United States and into Canada) }
{ Maryland_golden_aster, Chrysopsis_mariana, golden_aster,@ (perennial golden aster of southeastern United States) }
(=? not in W III)
{ grass-leaved_golden_aster, golden_aster,@ (a variety of golden aster) }
{ sickleweed_golden_aster, golden_aster,@ (a variety of golden aster) }

{ Chrysothamnus, genus_Chrysothamnus, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (genus of low branching shrubs of western North America) }
{ goldenbush4, shrub,@ genus_Chrysothamnus,#m (any of various much-branched yellow-flowered shrubs of the genus Chrysothamnus; western North America) }
{ rabbit_brush, rabbit_bush, Chrysothamnus_nauseosus, goldenbush4,@ genus_Chrysothamnus,#m (pleasantly aromatic shrub having erect slender flexible hairy branches and dense clusters of small yellow flowers covering vast areas of western alkali plains and affording a retreat for jackrabbits; source of a yellow dye used by the Navajo) }

{ Cichorium, genus_Cichorium, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (chicory) }
{ chicory1, succory, chicory_plant, Cichorium_intybus, herb,@ genus_Cichorium,#m (perennial Old World herb having rayed flower heads with blue florets cultivated for its root and its heads of crisp edible leaves used in salads) }
{ endive, witloof, Cichorium_endivia, herb,@ genus_Cichorium,#m (widely cultivated herb with leaves valued as salad green; either curly serrated leaves or broad flat ones that are usually blanched) }
{ chicory2, chicory_root, root,@ chicory1,#p (the dried root of the chicory plant: used as a coffee substitute) }

{ Cirsium, genus_Cirsium, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (plume thistles) }
{ plume_thistle, plumed_thistle, thistle,@ genus_Cirsium,#m (any of numerous biennial to perennial herbs with handsome purple or yellow or occasionally white flower heads) }
{ Canada_thistle, creeping_thistle, Cirsium_arvense, plume_thistle,@ (European thistle naturalized in United States and Canada where it is a pernicious weed) }
{ field_thistle, Cirsium_discolor, thistle,@ (stout North American thistle with purplish-pink flower heads) }
{ woolly_thistle1, Cirsium_flodmanii, plume_thistle,@ (thistle of western North America having white woolly leaves) }
{ European_woolly_thistle, Cirsium_eriophorum, woolly_thistle1,@ (woolly thistle of western and central Europe and Balkan Peninsula) }
{ melancholy_thistle, Cirsium_heterophylum, Cirsium_helenioides, thistle,@ (perennial stoloniferous thistle of northern Europe with lanceolate basal leaves and usually solitary heads of reddish-purple flowers) }
{ brook_thistle, Cirsium_rivulare, plume_thistle,@ (of central and southwestern Europe) }
{ bull_thistle, boar_thistle, spear_thistle, Cirsium_vulgare, Cirsium_lanceolatum, plume_thistle,@ (European thistle with rather large heads and prickly leaves; extensively naturalized as a weed in the United States) }

{ Cnicus, genus_Cnicus, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (one species: blessed thistle) }
{ blessed_thistle1, sweet_sultan3, Cnicus_benedictus, thistle,@ genus_Cnicus,#m (annual of Mediterranean to Portugal having hairy stems and minutely spiny-toothed leaves and large heads of yellow flowers) }

{ Conoclinium, genus_Conoclinium, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (mistflower) }
{ mistflower, mist-flower, ageratum2, Conoclinium_coelestinum, Eupatorium_coelestinum, flower,@ genus_Conoclinium,#m (rhizomatous plant of central and southeastern United States and West Indies having large showy heads of clear blue flowers; sometimes placed in genus Eupatorium) }

{ Conyza, genus_Conyza, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (common American weed or wildflower) }
{ horseweed1, Canadian_fleabane, fleabane3, Conyza_canadensis, Erigeron_canadensis, weed,@ genus_Conyza,#m (common North American weed with linear leaves and small discoid heads of yellowish flowers; widely naturalized throughout temperate regions; sometimes placed in genus Erigeron) }

{ genus_Coreopsis, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (genus of American plants widely cultivated for their flowers) }
{ coreopsis, tickseed, tickweed, tick-weed, herb,@ genus_Coreopsis,#m (any of numerous plants of the genus Coreopsis having a profusion of showy usually yellow daisylike flowers over long periods; North and South America) }
{ subgenus_Calliopsis, asterid_dicot_genus,@ genus_Coreopsis,#m (used in some classification systems for some plants of genus Coreopsis) }
{ giant_coreopsis, Coreopsis_gigantea, coreopsis,@ (large treelike shrub having feathery leaves and clusters of large yellow flower heads; coastal southern California) }
{ sea_dahlia, Coreopsis_maritima, coreopsis,@ (stout herb with flowers one to a stalk; ornamental developed from a Mexican wildflower) }
{ calliopsis, Coreopsis_tinctoria, coreopsis,@ (North American annual widely cultivated for its yellow flowers with purple-red to brownish centers; in some classifications placed in a subgenus Calliopsis) }

{ genus_Cosmos, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (genus of tropical American plants cultivated for their colorful flowers) }
{ cosmos, cosmea, flower,@ genus_Cosmos,#m (any of various mostly Mexican herbs of the genus Cosmos having radiate heads of variously colored flowers and pinnate leaves; popular fall-blooming annuals) }

{ Cotula, genus_Cotula, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (cosmopolitan herbs especially southern hemisphere; many used as ground covers) }
{ brass_buttons, Cotula_coronopifolia, flower,@ genus_Cotula,#m (South African herb with golden-yellow globose flower heads; naturalized in moist areas along coast of California; cultivated as an ornamental) }

{ Craspedia, genus_Craspedia, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (herbs of Australia and New Zealand) }
{ billy_buttons, flower,@ genus_Craspedia,#m (any of various plants of the genus Craspedia grown for their downy foliage and globose heads of golden flowers; Australia and New Zealand) }

{ Crepis, genus_Crepis, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (hawk's-beard; cosmopolitan in northern hemisphere) }
{ hawk's-beard, hawk's-beards, wildflower,@ genus_Crepis,#m (any of various plants of the genus Crepis having loose heads of yellow flowers on top of a long branched leafy stem; northern hemisphere) }

{ Cynara, genus_Cynara, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (artichoke; cardoon) }
{ artichoke, globe_artichoke, artichoke_plant, Cynara_scolymus, vegetable,@ genus_Cynara,#m (Mediterranean thistlelike plant widely cultivated for its large edible flower head) }
{ cardoon, Cynara_cardunculus, vegetable,@ genus_Cynara,#m (southern European plant having spiny leaves and purple flowers cultivated for its edible leafstalks and roots) }

{ genus_Dahlia, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (genus of perennial tuberous plants of Mexico and Central America) }
{ dahlia, Dahlia_pinnata, flower,@ genus_Dahlia,#m (any of several plants of or developed from the species Dahlia pinnata having tuberous roots and showy rayed variously colored flower heads; native to the mountains of Mexico and Central America and Colombia) }

{ Delairea, genus_Delairea, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (one species: German ivy) }
{ German_ivy, Delairea_odorata, Senecio_milkanioides, vine,@ genus_Delairea,#m (South African succulent evergreen twining climber with yellow flowers grown primarily as a houseplant for its foliage; sometimes placed in genus Senecio) }

{ Dendranthema, genus_Dendranthema, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (comprises plants often included in the genus Chrysanthemum) }
{ florist's_chrysanthemum, florists'_chrysanthemum, mum, Dendranthema_grandifloruom, Chrysanthemum_morifolium, chrysanthemum,@ (of China) }

{ Dimorphotheca, genus_Dimorphotheca, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (South African herbs or subshrubs with usually yellow flowers) }
{ cape_marigold, sun_marigold, star_of_the_veldt, flower,@ genus_Dimorphotheca,#m (any of several South African plants grown for the profusion of usually yellow daisylike flowers and mounds of aromatic foliage) }

{ Doronicum, genus_Doronicum, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (genus of Eurasian perennial tuberous or rhizomatous herbs: leopard's bane) }
{ leopard's-bane, leopardbane, herb,@ genus_Doronicum,#m (any of several herbs of the genus Doronicum having alternate often clasping stem leaves cultivated for their long stalks of yellow flower heads) }

{ Echinacea, genus_Echinacea, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (small genus of North American coarse perennial herbs) }
{ coneflower1, flower,@ genus_Echinacea,#m (any of various perennials of the eastern United States having thick rough leaves and long-stalked showy flowers with drooping rays and a conelike center) }

{ Echinops, genus_Echinops, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (genus of Mediterranean and Eurasian herbs: globe thistles) }
{ globe_thistle, herb,@ genus_Echinops,#m (any of various plants of the genus Echinops having prickly leaves and dense globose heads of bluish flowers) }

{ Elephantopus, genus_Elephantopus, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (perennial American herb) }
{ elephant's-foot1, herb,@ genus_Elephantopus,#m (any plant of the genus Elephantopus having heads of blue or purple flowers; America) }

{ Emilia, genus_Emilia, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (tropical African herbs) }
{ tassel_flower2, Emilia_coccinea, Emilia_javanica, Emilia_flammea, Cacalia_javanica, Cacalia_lutea, herb,@ genus_Emilia,#m (tropical African annual having scarlet tassel-shaped flower heads; sometimes placed in genus Cacalia) }
{ tassel_flower3, Emilia_sagitta, herb,@ genus_Emilia,#m (tropical Asiatic annual cultivated for its small tassel-shaped heads of scarlet flowers) }

{ Encelia, genus_Encelia, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (genus of shrubs of southwestern United States and Mexico: brittlebush) }
{ brittlebush, brittle_bush, incienso, Encelia_farinosa, wildflower,@ genus_Encelia,#m (fragrant rounded shrub of southwestern United States and adjacent Mexico having brittle stems and small crowded blue-green leaves and yellow flowers; produces a resin used in incense and varnish and in folk medicine) }

{ Enceliopsis, genus_Enceliopsis, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (small genus of xerophytic herbs of southwestern United States) }
{ sunray, Enceliopsis_nudicaulis, wildflower,@ genus_Enceliopsis,#m (herb having a basal cluster of grey-green leaves and leafless stalks each with a solitary broad yellow flower head; desert areas Idaho to Arizona) }

{ genus_Engelmannia, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (one species: North American herbs that resemble sunflowers) }
{ engelmannia, wildflower,@ genus_Engelmannia,#m (common erect hairy perennial of plains and prairies of southern and central United States having flowers that resemble sunflowers) }

{ genus_Erechtites, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (coarse herbs with whitish discoid flower heads and silky pappus) }
{ fireweed2, Erechtites_hieracifolia, weed,@ genus_Erechtites,#m (an American weedy plant with small white or greenish flowers) }

{ Erigeron, genus_Erigeron, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (cosmopolitan genus of usually perennial herbs with flowers that resemble asters; leaves occasionally (especially formerly) used medicinally) }
{ fleabane2, wildflower,@ genus_Erigeron,#m (any of several North American plants of the genus Erigeron having daisylike flowers; formerly believed to repel fleas) }
{ blue_fleabane, Erigeron_acer, fleabane2,@ (widespread weed with pale purple-blue flowers) }
{ daisy_fleabane, Erigeron_annuus, fleabane2,@ (widely naturalized white-flowered North American herb) }
{ orange_daisy, orange_fleabane, Erigeron_aurantiacus, fleabane2,@ (mat-forming herb of Turkestan with nearly double orange-yellow flowers) }
{ spreading_fleabane, Erigeron_divergens, fleabane2,@ (well-branched plant with hairy leaves and stems each with a solitary flower head with narrow white or pink or lavender rays; western North America) }
{ seaside_daisy, beach_aster, Erigeron_glaucous, fleabane2,@ (slightly succulent perennial with basal leaves and hairy sticky stems each bearing a solitary flower head with narrow pink or lavender rays; coastal bluffs Oregon to southern California) }
{ Philadelphia_fleabane, Erigeron_philadelphicus, fleabane2,@ (especially pretty plant having a delicate fringe of threadlike rays around flower heads having very slender white or pink rays; United States and Canada) }
{ robin's_plantain, Erigeron_pulchellus, fleabane2,@ (common perennial of eastern North America having flowers with usually violet-purple rays) }
{ showy_daisy, Erigeron_speciosus, fleabane2,@ (plant having branching leafy stems each branch with an especially showy solitary flower head with many narrow pink or lavender or white rays; northwestern United States mountains) }

{ Eriophyllum, genus_Eriophyllum, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (genus of hairy herbs and shrubs of western North America) }
{ woolly_sunflower, wildflower,@ genus_Eriophyllum,#m (any plant of the genus Eriophyllum) }
{ golden_yarrow, Eriophyllum_lanatum, woolly_sunflower,@ (greyish woolly leafy perennial with branched stems ending in leafless stalks bearing golden-yellow flower heads; dry areas western North America) }

{ Eupatorium, genus_Eupatorium, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (large genus of chiefly tropical herbs having heads of white or purplish flowers) }
{ hemp_agrimony, Eupatorium_cannabinum, herb,@ (coarse European herb with palmately divided leaves and clusters of small reddish-purple flower heads) }
{ dog_fennel2, Eupatorium_capillifolium, herb,@ (weedy plant of southeastern United States having divided leaves and long clusters of greenish flowers) }
{ Joe-Pye_weed1, spotted_Joe-Pye_weed, Eupatorium_maculatum, herb,@ genus_Eupatorium,#m (North American herb having whorled leaves and terminal clusters of small pinkish or purple flower heads) }
{ boneset1, agueweed2, thoroughwort, Eupatorium_perfoliatum, herb,@ genus_Eupatorium,#m (perennial herb of southeastern United States having white-rayed flower heads; formerly used as in folk medicine) }
{ Joe-Pye_weed2, purple_boneset, trumpet_weed, marsh_milkweed, Eupatorium_purpureum, herb,@ genus_Eupatorium,#m (North American herb having whorled leaves and terminal clusters of flowers spotted with purple) }

{ Felicia, genus_Felicia, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (genus of tropical African herbs or subshrubs with usually blue flowers) }
{ blue_daisy, blue_marguerite, Felicia_amelloides, flower,@ genus_Felicia,#m (hairy South African or Australian subshrub that has daisylike flowers with blue rays) }
{ kingfisher_daisy, Felicia_bergeriana, flower,@ genus_Felicia,#m (softly hairy South African herb having flowers with bright blue rays) }

{ genus_Filago, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (genus of small woolly herbs) }
{ cotton_rose1, cudweed2, filago, flower,@ genus_Filago,#m (any plant of the genus Filago having capitate clusters of small woolly flower heads) }
{ herba_impia, Filago_germanica, cotton_rose1,@ ((literally an undutiful herb) a variety of cotton rose) }

{ genus_Gaillardia, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (genus of western American hairy herbs with showy flowers) }
{ gaillardia, wildflower,@ genus_Gaillardia,#m (any plant of western America of the genus Gaillardia having hairy leaves and long-stalked flowers in hot vibrant colors from golden yellow and copper to rich burgundy) }
{ blanket_flower, Indian_blanket, fire_wheel, fire-wheel, Gaillardia_pulchella, gaillardia,@ (annual of central United States having showy long-stalked yellow flower heads marked with scarlet or purple in the center) }

{ genus_Gazania, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (genus of tomentose tropical African herbs with milky sap) }
{ gazania, flower,@ genus_Gazania,#m (any plant of the genus Gazania valued for their showy daisy flowers) }
{ treasure_flower, Gazania_rigens, gazania,@ (decumbent South African perennial with short densely leafy stems and orange flower rays with black eyespots at base) }

{ Gerbera, genus_Gerbera, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (genus of South African or Asiatic herbs: African daisies) }
{ African_daisy3, flower,@ genus_Gerbera,#m (African or Asiatic herbs with daisylike flowers) }
{ Barberton_daisy, Transvaal_daisy, Gerbera_jamesonii, African_daisy3,@ genus_Gerbera,#m (widely cultivated South African perennial having flower heads with orange to flame-colored rays) }

{ Gerea, genus_Gerea, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (small genus of hairy herbs with yellow flowers) }
{ desert_sunflower, Gerea_canescens, wildflower,@ genus_Gerea,#m (slender hairy plant with few leaves and golden-yellow flower heads; sandy desert areas of southeastern California to southwestern Utah and western Arizona and northwestern Mexico) }

{ Gnaphalium, genus_Gnaphalium, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (large widely distributed genus of coarse hairy herbs with whitish involucres) }
{ cudweed1, everlasting,@ genus_Gnaphalium,#m (any of numerous plants of the genus Gnaphalium having flowers that can be dried without loss of form or color) }
{ chafeweed, wood_cudweed, Gnaphalium_sylvaticum, cudweed1,@ (weedy perennial of north temperate regions having woolly foliage and dirty white flowers in a leafy spike) }

{ Grindelia, genus_Grindelia, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (large genus of coarse gummy herbs of western North and Central America) }
{ gumweed, gum_plant, tarweed2, rosinweed2, herb,@ genus_Grindelia,#m (any of various western American plants of the genus Grindelia having resinous leaves and stems formerly used medicinally; often poisonous to livestock) }
{ Grindelia_robusta, gumweed,@ (perennial gumweed of California and Baja California) }
{ curlycup_gumweed, Grindelia_squarrosa, gumweed,@ (perennial gumweed of western and central North America) }

{ Gutierrezia, genus_Gutierrezia, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (sticky perennial herbs and subshrubs of western North America and warm South America) }
{ matchweed, matchbush, subshrub,@ genus_Gutierrezia,#m (any of several plants of the genus Gutierrezia having tiny flower heads that resemble the heads of matches) }
{ little-head_snakeweed, Gutierrezia_microcephala, matchweed,@ (similar to Gutierrezia sarothrae but with flower heads having fewer rays and disk flowers) }
{ rabbitweed, rabbit-weed, snakeweed, broom_snakeweed, broom_snakeroot, turpentine_weed, Gutierrezia_sarothrae, matchweed,@ genus_Gutierrezia,#m (low-growing sticky subshrub of southwestern United States having narrow linear leaves on many slender branches and hundreds of tiny yellow flower heads) }
{ broomweed, broom-weed, Gutierrezia_texana, matchweed,@ genus_Gutierrezia,#m (annual of southwestern United States having rigid woody branches with sticky foliage and yellow flowers) }

{ Gynura, genus_Gynura, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (genus of Old World tropical herbs: velvet plants) }
{ velvet_plant1, purple_velvet_plant, royal_velvet_plant, Gynura_aurantiaca, houseplant,@ genus_Gynura,#m (Javanese foliage plant grown for their handsome velvety leaves with violet-purple hairs) }

{ Haastia, genus_Haastia, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (genus of New Zealand mat-forming herbs or subshrubs: vegetable sheep) }
{ vegetable_sheep2, sheep_plant2, Haastia_pulvinaris, herb,@ genus_Haastia,#m (cushion-forming New Zealand herb having leaves densely covered with tawny hairs) }

{ Haplopappus, genus_Haplopappus, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (genus of North and South American perennial herbs or shrubs with yellow flowers; in some classifications include species placed in other genera especially Hazardia) }
{ goldenbush1, wildflower,@ genus_Haplopappus,#m (a plant of the genus Haplopappus) }
{ camphor_daisy, Haplopappus_phyllocephalus, goldenbush1,@ genus_Haplopappus,#m (annual of southern United States and Mexico having bristly leaves and pale yellow flowers) }
{ yellow_spiny_daisy, Haplopappus_spinulosus, goldenbush1,@ genus_Haplopappus,#m (slender perennial of western North America having weakly bristly leaves and yellow flower heads) }

{ Hazardia, genus_Hazardia, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (small genus of shrubs and subshrubs of western United States having flowers that change color as they mature) }
{ hoary_golden_bush, Hazardia_cana, shrub,@ genus_Hazardia,#m (western American shrubs having white felted foliage and yellow flowers that become red-purple) }

{ Helenium, genus_Helenium, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (genus of American herbs with flowers having yellow rays: sneezeweeds) }
{ sneezeweed, herb,@ genus_Helenium,#m (any of various plants of the genus Helenium characteristically causing sneezing) }
{ autumn_sneezeweed, Helenium_autumnale, sneezeweed,@ (North American perennial with bright yellow late summer flowers) }
{ orange_sneezeweed, owlclaws, Helenium_hoopesii, sneezeweed,@ (stout perennial herb of western United States having flower heads with drooping orange-yellow rays; causes spewing sickness in sheep) }
{ rosilla, Helenium_puberulum, sneezeweed,@ (a sneezeweed of southwestern United States especially southern California) }

{ genus_Helianthus, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (genus of tall erect or branched American annual or perennial herbs with showy flowers: sunflowers) }
{ sunflower, helianthus, flower,@ genus_Helianthus,#m (any plant of the genus Helianthus having large flower heads with dark disk florets and showy yellow rays) }
{ swamp_sunflower, Helianthus_angustifolius, sunflower,@ (sunflower of eastern North America having narrow leaves and found in bogs) }
{ common_sunflower, mirasol, Helianthus_annuus, sunflower,@ (annual sunflower grown for silage and for its seeds which are a source of oil; common throughout United States and much of North America) }
{ giant_sunflower, tall_sunflower, Indian_potato1, Helianthus_giganteus, sunflower,@ (very tall American perennial of central and the eastern United States to Canada having edible tuberous roots) }
{ showy_sunflower, Helianthus_laetiflorus, sunflower,@ (tall rough-leaved perennial with a few large flower heads; central United States) }
{ Maximilian's_sunflower, Helianthus_maximilianii, sunflower,@ (tall perennial of central United States to Canada having golden-yellow flowers) }
{ prairie_sunflower, Helianthus_petiolaris, sunflower,@ (similar to the common sunflower with slender usually branching stems common in central United States) }
{ Jerusalem_artichoke, girasol, Jerusalem_artichoke_sunflower, Helianthus_tuberosus, sunflower,@ (tall perennial with hairy stems and leaves; widely cultivated for its large irregular edible tubers) }
{ Jerusalem_artichoke2, tuber,@ Jerusalem_artichoke_sunflower,#p (edible tuber of the Jerusalem artichoke) }

{ Helichrysum, genus_Helichrysum, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (large genus of mostly African and Australian herbs and shrubs: everlasting flowers; in some classifications includes genus Ozothamnus) }
{ strawflower1, golden_everlasting, yellow_paper_daisy, Helichrysum_bracteatum, everlasting,@ (Australian plant naturalized in Spain having flowers of lemon yellow to deep gold; the frequent choice of those who love dried flowers) }

{ genus_Heliopsis, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (oxeye) }
{ heliopsis, oxeye2, wildflower,@ genus_Heliopsis,#m (any North American shrubby perennial herb of the genus Heliopsis having large yellow daisylike flowers) }

{ Helipterum, genus_Helipterum, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (genus of South African and Australian herbs or shrubs grown as everlastings; the various Helipterum species are currently in process of being assigned to other genera especially genera Pteropogon and Hyalosperma) }
{ strawflower2, everlasting,@ genus_Helipterum,#m (any of various plants of the genus Helipterum) }

{ Heterotheca, genus_Heterotheca, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (genus of yellow-flowered North American herbs) }
{ hairy_golden_aster, prairie_golden_aster, Heterotheca_villosa, Chrysopsis_villosa, wildflower,@ genus_Heterotheca,#m (hairy perennial with yellow flower heads in branched clusters; found almost everywhere in dry places from Canada to west central and western United States; sometimes placed in genus Chrysopsis) }

{ Hieracium, genus_Hieracium, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (large genus of perennial hairy herbs of Europe to western Asia to northwestern Africa and North America; few are ornamental; often considered congeneric with Pilosella) }
{ hawkweed, herb,@ genus_Hieracium,#m (any of numerous often hairy plants of the genus Hieracium having yellow or orange flowers that resemble the dandelion) }
{ king_devil, yellow_hawkweed, Hieracium_praealtum, weed,@ genus_Hieracium,#m (European hawkweed introduced into northeastern United States; locally troublesome weeds) }
{ rattlesnake_weed, Hieracium_venosum, hawkweed,@ (a hawkweed with a rosette of purple-veined basal leaves; Canada to northern Georgia and Kentucky) }

{ Homogyne, genus_Homogyne, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (small genus of low perennial herbs of montane Europe; in some classifications included in genus Tussilago) }
{ alpine_coltsfoot, Homogyne_alpina, Tussilago_alpina, herb,@ genus_Homogyne,#m (rhizomatous herb with purple-red flowers suitable for groundcover; sometimes placed in genus Tussilago) }

{ Hulsea, genus_Hulsea, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (small genus of erect balsam-scented herbs; Pacific coast of the northwestern United States) }
{ alpine_gold, alpine_hulsea, Hulsea_algida, wildflower,@ genus_Hulsea,#m (low tufted plant having hairy stems each topped by a flower head with short narrow yellow rays; northwestern United States) }
{ dwarf_hulsea, Hulsea_nana, wildflower,@ genus_Hulsea,#m (similar to but smaller than alpine hulsea) }

{ Hyalosperma, genus_Hyalosperma, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (genus of herbs of temperate Australia including some from genus Helipterum) }

{ Hypochaeris, genus_Hypochaeris, Hypochoeris, genus_Hypochoeris, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (widely distributed genus of herbs with milky juice; includes some cosmopolitan weeds) }
{ cat's-ear1, California_dandelion, capeweed, gosmore, Hypochaeris_radicata, weed,@ genus_Hypochaeris,#m (European weed widely naturalized in North America having yellow flower heads and leaves resembling a cat's ears) }

{ genus_Inula, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (genus of Old World herbs or subshrubs: elecampane) }
{ inula, herb,@ genus_Inula,#m (any plant of the genus Inula) }
{ elecampane, Inula_helenium, inula,@ (tall coarse Eurasian herb having daisylike yellow flowers with narrow petals whose rhizomatous roots are used medicinally) }

{ genus_Iva, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (small genus of American herbs or shrubs; in some classifications placed in a separate family Ambrosiaceae) }
{ marsh_elder, iva, marsh_plant,@ genus_Iva,#m (any of various coarse shrubby plants of the genus Iva with small greenish flowers; common in moist areas (as coastal salt marshes) of eastern and central North America) }
{ burweed_marsh_elder, false_ragweed, Iva_xanthifolia, marsh_elder,@ (tall annual marsh elder common in moist rich soil in central North America that can cause contact dermatitis; produces much pollen that is a major cause of hay fever) }

{ genus_Krigia, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (small herbs closely related to chicory: dwarf dandelions) }
{ krigia, herb,@ genus_Krigia,#m (any small branched yellow-flowered North American herb of the genus Krigia) }
{ dwarf_dandelion, Krigia_dandelion, Krigia_bulbosa, krigia,@ (small yellow-flowered herb resembling dandelions of central and southeastern United States) }

{ Lactuca, genus_Lactuca, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (an herb with milky juice: lettuce; prickly lettuce) }
{ lettuce, herb,@ genus_Lactuca,#m (any of various plants of the genus Lactuca) }
{ garden_lettuce, common_lettuce, Lactuca_sativa, lettuce,@ genus_Lactuca,#m (annual or perennial garden plant having succulent leaves used in salads; widely grown) }
{ cos_lettuce, romaine_lettuce, Lactuca_sativa_longifolia, lettuce,@ genus_Lactuca,#m (lettuce with long dark-green spoon-shaped leaves) }
{ head_lettuce, Lactuca_sativa_capitata, lettuce,@ genus_Lactuca,#m (distinguished by leaves arranged in a dense rosette that develop into a compact ball) }
{ leaf_lettuce, Lactuca_sativa_crispa, lettuce,@ (distinguished by leaves having curled or incised leaves forming a loose rosette that does not develop into a compact head) }
{ celtuce, stem_lettuce, Lactuca_sativa_asparagina, lettuce,@ (lettuce valued especially for its edible stems) }
{ prickly_lettuce, horse_thistle, Lactuca_serriola, Lactuca_scariola, compass_plant,@ (European annual wild lettuce having prickly stems; a troublesome weed in parts of United States) }

{ Lagenophera, genus_Lagenophera, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (small genus of herbs of Australia and South America having small solitary white or purple flowers similar to true daisies of genus Bellis) }

{ Lasthenia, genus_Lasthenia, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (small genus of herbs of Pacific coast of North and South America) }
{ goldfields, Lasthenia_chrysostoma, wildflower,@ genus_Lasthenia,#m (small slender woolly annual with very narrow opposite leaves and branches bearing solitary golden-yellow flower heads; southwestern Oregon to Baja California and Arizona; often cultivated) }

{ Layia, genus_Layia, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (genus of western United States annuals with showy yellow or white flowers) }
{ tidytips, tidy_tips, Layia_platyglossa, flower,@ genus_Layia,#m (California annual having flower heads with yellow rays tipped with white) }

{ Leontodon, genus_Leontodon, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (hawkbit) }
{ hawkbit, wildflower,@ genus_Leontodon,#m (any of various common wildflowers of the genus Leontodon; of temperate Eurasia to Mediterranean regions) }
{ fall_dandelion, arnica_bud, Leontodon_autumnalis, hawkbit,@ (fall-blooming European herb with a yellow flower; naturalized in the United States) }

{ Leontopodium, genus_Leontopodium, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (edelweiss) }
{ edelweiss, Leontopodium_alpinum, wildflower,@ genus_Leontopodium,#m (alpine perennial plant native to Europe having leaves covered with whitish down and small flower heads held in stars of glistening whitish bracts) }

{ Leucanthemum, genus_Leucanthemum, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (comprises plants often included in the genus Chrysanthemum) }
{ oxeye_daisy1, ox-eyed_daisy, marguerite1, moon_daisy, white_daisy, Leucanthemum_vulgare, Chrysanthemum_leucanthemum, flower,@ genus_Leucanthemum,#m (tall leafy-stemmed Eurasian perennial with white flowers; widely naturalized; often placed in genus Chrysanthemum) }
{ oxeye_daisy2, Leucanthemum_maximum, Chrysanthemum_maximum, composite_plant,@ genus_Leucanthemum,#m (similar to oxeye daisy) }
{ shasta_daisy, Leucanthemum_superbum, Chrysanthemum_maximum_maximum, composite_plant,@ genus_Leucanthemum,#m (hybrid garden flower derived from Chrysanthemum maximum and Chrysanthemum lacustre having large white flower heads resembling oxeye daisies; often placed in the genus Chrysanthemum) }
{ Pyrenees_daisy, Leucanthemum_lacustre, Chrysanthemum_lacustre, composite_plant,@ genus_Leucanthemum,#m (perennial of Portugal similar to the oxeye daisy) }

{ Leucogenes, genus_Leucogenes, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (New Zealand edelweiss) }
{ north_island_edelweiss, Leucogenes_leontopodium, wildflower,@ (perennial herb closely resembling European edelweiss; New Zealand) }

{ Liatris, genus_Liatris, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (genus of perennial North American herbs with aromatic usually cormous roots) }
{ blazing_star1, button_snakeroot3, gayfeather, gay-feather, snakeroot2, wildflower,@ genus_Liatris,#m (any of various North American plants of the genus Liatris having racemes or panicles of small discoid flower heads) }
{ dotted_gayfeather, Liatris_punctata, snakeroot2,@ (herb with many stems bearing narrow slender wands of crowded rose-lavender flowers; central United States and Canada to Texas and northern Mexico) }
{ dense_blazing_star, Liatris_pycnostachya, blazing_star1,@ (perennial of southeastern and central United States having very dense spikes of purple flowers; often cultivated for cut flowers) }

{ Ligularia, genus_Ligularia, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (genus of Old World herbs resembling groundsel: leopard plants) }
{ leopard_plant, herb,@ genus_Ligularia,#m (any of various plants of temperate Eurasia; grown for their yellow flowers and handsome foliage) }

{ Lindheimera, genus_Lindheimera, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (one species: Texas star) }
{ Texas_star1, Lindheimera_texana, flower,@ genus_Lindheimera,#m (Texas annual with coarsely pinnatifid leaves; cultivated for its showy radiate yellow flower heads) }

{ Lonas, genus_Lonas, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (one species: yellow ageratum) }
{ African_daisy2, yellow_ageratum, Lonas_inodora, Lonas_annua, flower,@ genus_Lonas,#m (shrub of southwestern Mediterranean region having yellow daisylike flowers) }

{ Machaeranthera, genus_Machaeranthera, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (wildflowers of western North America) }
{ tahoka_daisy, tansy_leaf_aster, Machaeranthera_tanacetifolia, wildflower,@ genus_Machaeranthera,#m (wild aster with fernlike leaves and flower heads with very narrow bright purple rays; Alberta to Texas and Mexico) }
{ sticky_aster, Machaeranthera_bigelovii, wildflower,@ genus_Machaeranthera,#m (wild aster having leafy stems and flower heads with narrow bright reddish-lavender or purple rays; western Colorado to Arizona) }
{ Mojave_aster, Machaeranthera_tortifoloia, wildflower,@ genus_Machaeranthera,#m (wild aster having greyish leafy stems and flower heads with narrow pale lavender or violet rays; of rocky desert slopes California to Arizona and Utah) }

{ Madia, genus_Madia, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (genus of sticky herbs with yellow flowers open in morning or evening but closed in bright light) }
{ tarweed1, herb,@ genus_Madia,#m (any of various resinous glandular plants of the genus Madia; of western North and South America) }
{ common_madia, common_tarweed, Madia_elegans, wildflower,@ genus_Madia,#m (California annual having red-brown spots near the base of its yellow flower rays) }
{ melosa, Chile_tarweed, madia_oil_plant, Madia_sativa, tarweed1,@ (South American herb with sticky glandular foliage; source of madia oil) }
{ madia_oil, noun.food:vegetable_oil,@ melosa,#s (used as a substitute for olive oil) }

{ Matricaria, genus_Matricaria, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (chiefly Old World strong-smelling weedy herbs; comprises plants sometimes included in other genera: e.g. Tanacetum; Tripleurospermum) }
{ sweet_false_chamomile, wild_chamomile, German_chamomile, Matricaria_recutita, Matricaria_chamomilla, herb,@ genus_Matricaria,#m (annual Eurasian herb similar in fragrance and medicinal uses to chamomile though taste is more bitter and effect is considered inferior) }
{ pineapple_weed, rayless_chamomile, Matricaria_matricarioides, herb,@ genus_Matricaria,#m noun.location:US,;r (annual aromatic weed of Pacific coastal areas (United States and northeastern Asia) having bristle-pointed leaves and rayless yellow flowers) }

{ Melampodium, genus_Melampodium, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (herbs and subshrubs of warm North America) }
{ blackfoot_daisy, Melampodium_leucanthum, wildflower,@ genus_Melampodium,#m (bushy subshrub having flower heads that resemble asters with broad white rays; found in desert areas of Arizona east to Kansas and south to Mexico) }

{ Mikania, genus_Mikania, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (large genus of evergreen lianas of tropical America) }
{ climbing_hempweed, climbing_boneset, wild_climbing_hempweed, climbing_hemp-vine, Mikania_scandens, vine,@ genus_Mikania,#m (herb of tropical America having vanilla-scented flowers; climbs up trees) }

{ genus_Mutisia, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (genus of South American shrubs or lianas having large flower heads with feathery pappuses) }
{ mutisia, shrub,@ genus_Mutisia,#m (any of various plants of the genus Mutisia) }

{ Nabalus, genus_Nabalus, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (genus of North American and east Asian perennial herbs; sometimes included in genus Prenanthes) }
{ rattlesnake_root2, herb,@ genus_Nabalus,#m (a plant of the genus Nabalus) }
{ white_lettuce, cankerweed, Nabalus_alba, Prenanthes_alba, rattlesnake_root2,@ genus_Nabalus,#m (herb of northeastern North America having drooping clusters of yellowish-white flowers; sometimes placed in genus Prenanthes) }
{ lion's_foot, gall_of_the_earth, Nabalus_serpentarius, Prenanthes_serpentaria, herb,@ genus_Nabalus,#m (common perennial herb widely distributed in the southern and eastern United States having drooping clusters of pinkish flowers and thick basal leaves suggesting a lion's foot in shape; sometimes placed in genus Prenanthes) }

{ Olearia, genus_Olearia, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (large genus of Australian evergreen shrubs or small trees with large daisylike flowers) }
{ daisybush, daisy-bush, daisy_bush, shrub,@ genus_Olearia,#m (any of various mostly Australian attractively shaped shrubs of the genus Olearia grown for their handsome and sometimes fragrant evergreen foliage and profusion of daisy flowers with white or purple or blue rays) }
{ muskwood, Olearia_argophylla, daisybush,@ (musk-scented shrub or tree of southern and southeastern Australia having creamy-yellow flower heads) }
{ New_Zealand_daisybush, Olearia_haastii, daisybush,@ (bushy New Zealand shrub cultivated for its fragrant white flower heads) }

{ Onopordum, genus_Onopordum, Onopordon, genus_Onopordon, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (a genus of Eurasian herbs of the family Compositae with prickly foliage and large purplish flowers) }
{ cotton_thistle, woolly_thistle2, Scotch_thistle, Onopordum_acanthium, Onopordon_acanthium, thistle,@ genus_Onopordum,#m (biennial Eurasian white hairy thistle having pale purple flowers; naturalized in North America) }

{ genus_Othonna, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (genus of western African herbs or shrubs) }
{ othonna, shrub,@ genus_Othonna,#m (a South African plant of the genus Othonna having smooth often fleshy leaves and heads of yellow flowers) }

{ Ozothamnus, genus_Ozothamnus, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (genus of Australian shrubs and perennial herbs; sometimes included in genus Helichrysum) }
{ cascade_everlasting, Ozothamnus_secundiflorus, Helichrysum_secundiflorum, everlasting,@ genus_Ozothamnus,#m (shrub with white woolly branches and woolly leaves having fragrant flowers forming long sprays; flowers suitable for drying; sometimes placed in genus Helichrysum) }

{ Packera, genus_Packera, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (genus of American of east Asian perennial herbs with yellow to orange or red flower rays; sometimes included in genus Senecio) }
{ butterweed, herb,@ genus_Packera,#m (any of several yellow-flowered plants of the genus Packera; often placed in genus Senecio) }
{ golden_groundsel, golden_ragwort, Packera_aurea, Senecio_aureus, herb,@ (weedy herb of the eastern United States to Texas having golden-yellow flowers; sometimes becomes invasive; sometimes placed in genus Senecio) }

{ Parthenium, genus_Parthenium, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (small genus of North American herbs and shrubs with terminal panicles of small ray flowers) }
{ guayule, Parthenium_argentatum, subshrub,@ genus_Parthenium,#m (much-branched subshrub with silvery leaves and small white flowers of Texas and northern Mexico; cultivated as a source of rubber) }
{ bastard_feverfew, Parthenium_hysterophorus, weed,@ genus_Parthenium,#m (tropical American annual weed with small radiate heads of white flowers; adventive in southern United States) }
{ American_feverfew, wild_quinine, prairie_dock, Parthenium_integrifolium, subshrub,@ genus_Parthenium,#m (stout perennial herb of the eastern United States with whitish flowers; leaves traditionally used by Catawba Indians to treat burns) }

{ Pericallis, genus_Pericallis, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (cineraria) }
{ cineraria, Pericallis_cruenta, Senecio_cruentus, flower,@ genus_Pericallis,#m (herb of Canary Islands widely cultivated for its blue or purple or red or variegated daisylike flowers) }
{ florest's_cineraria, Pericallis_hybrida, flower,@ genus_Pericallis,#m (herb derived from Pericallis cruenta and widely cultivated in a variety of profusely flowering forms with florets from white to pink to red or purple or violet or blue) }

{ Petasites, genus_Petasites, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (genus of rhizomatous herbs of north temperate regions: butterbur; sweet coltsfoot) }
{ butterbur, bog_rhubarb, Petasites_hybridus, Petasites_vulgaris, herb,@ genus_Petasites,#m (small Eurasian herb having broad leaves and lilac-pink rayless flowers; found in moist areas) }
{ winter_heliotrope, sweet_coltsfoot1, Petasites_fragrans, herb,@ genus_Petasites,#m (European herb with vanilla-scented white-pink flowers) }
{ sweet_coltsfoot2, Petasites_sagitattus, herb,@ genus_Petasites,#m (American sweet-scented herb) }

{ Picris, genus_Picris, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (genus of weedy Old World yellow-flowered herbs usually containing a bitter-tasting substance: bitterweed) }
{ oxtongue, bristly_oxtongue, bitterweed2, bugloss2, Picris_echioides, weed,@ genus_Picris,#m (widespread European weed with spiny tongue-shaped leaves and yellow flowers; naturalized in United States) }

{ Pilosella, genus_Pilosella, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (genus of hairy perennial herbs with horizontal rhizomes and leafy or underground stolons; Eurasia and North Africa; often considered congeneric with Hieracium) }
{ hawkweed2, herb,@ genus_Pilosella,#m (any of various plants of the genus Pilosella) }
{ orange_hawkweed, Pilosella_aurantiaca, Hieracium_aurantiacum, weed,@ genus_Pilosella,#m (European hawkweed having flower heads with bright orange-red rays; a troublesome weed especially as naturalized in northeastern North America; sometimes placed in genus Hieracium) }
{ mouse-ear_hawkweed, Pilosella_officinarum, Hieracium_pilocella, hawkweed,@ (European hawkweed having soft hairy leaves; sometimes placed in genus Hieracium) }

{ Piqueria, genus_Piqueria, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (small genus of tropical American perennial herbs or subshrubs with white to pale yellow flowers; often included in genus Stevia) }
{ stevia2, herb,@ genus_Piqueria,#m (any plant of the genus Piqueria or the closely related genus Stevia) }

{ Prenanthes, genus_Prenanthes, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (genus of North American and Asiatic perennial herbs having pinnatisect leaves small heads of drooping yellowish to purple flowers; sometimes includes species often placed in genus Nabalus) }
{ rattlesnake_root1, Prenanthes_purpurea, herb,@ genus_Prenanthes,#m (herb of central and southern Europe having purple florets) }

{ genus_Pteropogon, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (genus of Australian and South African herbs including some from genus Helipterum) }
{ pteropogon, Pteropogon_humboltianum, herb,@ genus_Pteropogon,#m (southern Australian plant having feathery hairs surrounding the fruit) }

{ Pulicaria, genus_Pulicaria, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (genus of temperate Old World herbs: fleabane) }
{ fleabane1, feabane_mullet, Pulicaria_dysenterica, herb,@ genus_Pulicaria,#m (hairy perennial Eurasian herb with yellow daisylike flowers reputed to destroy or drive away fleas) }

{ Pyrethrum, genus_Pyrethrum, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (used in former classifications for plants later placed in genus Chrysanthemum and now often included in genus Tanacetum) }

{ Raoulia, genus_Raoulia, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (genus of low-growing mat-forming New Zealand plants; in some classifications includes species placed in genus Haastia) }
{ sheep_plant1, vegetable_sheep1, Raoulia_lutescens, Raoulia_australis, herb,@ genus_Raoulia,#m (perennial prostrate mat-forming herb with hoary woolly foliage) }

{ Ratibida, genus_Ratibida, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (genus of perennial wildflowers of North American plains and prairies; often cultivated for their showy flower heads) }
{ coneflower3, wildflower,@ genus_Ratibida,#m (a wildflower of the genus Ratibida) }
{ Mexican_hat, Ratibida_columnaris, coneflower3,@ (coneflower with flower heads resembling a Mexican hat with a tall red-brown disk and drooping yellow or yellow and red-brown rays; grows in the great plains along base of Rocky Mountains) }
{ long-head_coneflower, prairie_coneflower1, Ratibida_columnifera, coneflower3,@ genus_Ratibida,#m (plant similar to the Mexican hat coneflower; from British Columbia to New Mexico) }
{ prairie_coneflower2, Ratibida_tagetes, coneflower3,@ genus_Ratibida,#m (coneflower of central to southwestern United States) }

{ genus_Rhodanthe, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (genus of xerophytic herbs and shrubs of South Africa and Australia; sometimes included in genus Helipterum) }
{ Swan_River_everlasting, rhodanthe, Rhodanthe_manglesii, Helipterum_manglesii, everlasting,@ genus_Rhodanthe,#m (Australian annual everlasting having light pink nodding flower heads; sometimes placed in genus Helipterum) }

{ Rudbeckia, genus_Rudbeckia, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (North American perennial herbs with showy cone-shaped flower heads) }
{ coneflower2, flower,@ genus_Rudbeckia,#m (any of various plants of the genus Rudbeckia cultivated for their large usually yellow daisies with prominent central cones) }
{ black-eyed_Susan1, Rudbeckia_hirta, Rudbeckia_serotina, coneflower2,@ genus_Rudbeckia,#m (the state flower of Maryland; of central and southeastern United States; having daisylike flowers with dark centers and yellow to orange rays) }
{ cutleaved_coneflower, Rudbeckia_laciniata, coneflower2,@ genus_Rudbeckia,#m (tall leafy plant with erect branches ending in large yellow flower heads with downward-arching rays; grow in Rocky Mountains south to Arizona and east to the Atlantic coast) }
{ golden_glow, double_gold, hortensia2, Rudbeckia_laciniata_hortensia, cutleaved_coneflower,@ genus_Rudbeckia,#m (very tall branching herb with showy much-doubled yellow flower heads) }
{ Santolina, genus_Santolina, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (genus of Mediterranean subshrubs with rayless flower heads) }
{ lavender_cotton, Santolina_chamaecyparissus, shrub,@ genus_Santolina,#m (branching aromatic Mediterranean shrub with woolly stems and leaves and yellow flowers) }

{ Sanvitalia, genus_Sanvitalia, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (small genus of tropical American annual herbs: creeping zinnia) }
{ creeping_zinnia, Sanvitalia_procumbens, herb,@ genus_Sanvitalia,#m (low-branching leafy annual with flower heads resembling zinnias; found in southwestern United States and Mexico to Guatemala) }

{ Saussurea, genus_Saussurea, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (genus of herbs of temperate and cool regions of Eurasia) }
{ costusroot, Saussurea_costus, Saussurea_lappa, herb,@ genus_Saussurea,#m (annual herb of the eastern Himalayas (Kashmir) having purple florets and a fragrant root that yields a volatile oil used in perfumery and for preserving furs) }

{ Scolymus, genus_Scolymus, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (small genus of thistlelike herbs of the Mediterranean region) }
{ golden_thistle, thistle,@ genus_Scolymus,#m (any of several spiny Mediterranean herbs of the genus Scolymus having yellow flower heads) }
{ Spanish_oyster_plant, Scolymus_hispanicus, golden_thistle,@ (a golden thistle of southwestern Europe cultivated for its edible sweet roots and edible leaves and stalks; its yellow flowers are used as a substitute for saffron) }

{ Senecio, genus_Senecio, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (enormous and diverse cosmopolitan genus of trees and shrubs and vines and herbs including many weeds) }
{ nodding_groundsel, Senecio_bigelovii, wildflower,@ genus_Senecio,#m (plant with erect leafy stems bearing clusters of rayless yellow flower heads on bent individual stalks; moist regions of southwestern United States) }
{ dusty_miller3, Senecio_cineraria, Cineraria_maritima, shrub,@ genus_Senecio,#m (stiff much-branched perennial of the Mediterranean region having very white woolly stems and leaves) }
{ threadleaf_groundsel, Senecio_doublasii, weed,@ genus_Senecio,#m (bluish-green bushy leafy plant covered with close white wool and bearing branched clusters of yellow flower heads; southwestern United States; toxic to range livestock) }
{ butterweed2, ragwort2, Senecio_glabellus, wildflower,@ genus_Senecio,#m (American ragwort with yellow flowers) }
{ ragwort1, tansy_ragwort, ragweed2, benweed, Senecio_jacobaea, weed,@ genus_Senecio,#m (widespread European weed having yellow daisylike flowers; sometimes an obnoxious weed and toxic to cattle if consumed in quantity) }
{ arrowleaf_groundsel, Senecio_triangularis, wildflower,@ (perennial with sharply toothed triangular leaves on leafy stems bearing a cluster of yellow flower heads; moist places in mountains of western North America) }
{ groundsel, Senecio_vulgaris, weed,@ genus_Senecio,#m (Eurasian weed with heads of small yellow flowers) }

{ genus_Scorzonera, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (genus of narrow-leaved European herbs) }
{ black_salsify, viper's_grass, scorzonera, Scorzonera_hispanica, herb,@ genus_Scorzonera,#m (perennial south European herb having narrow entire leaves and solitary yellow flower heads and long black edible roots shaped like carrots) }

{ Sericocarpus, genus_Sericocarpus, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (small genus of herbs of the eastern United States: white-topped asters) }
{ white-topped_aster, flower,@ genus_Sericocarpus,#m (herb having corymbose white-rayed flowers with scaly bracts and silky indehiscent fruits) }
{ narrow-leaved_white-topped_aster, white-topped_aster,@ (a variety of white-topped aster) }

{ Seriphidium, genus_Seriphidium, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (woody plants grown chiefly for their silver or grey and often aromatic foliage; formerly included in the genus Artemisia) }
{ silver_sage, silver_sagebrush, grey_sage, gray_sage, Seriphidium_canum, Artemisia_cana, sagebrush,@ genus_Seriphidium,#m (low much-branched perennial of western United States having silvery leaves; an important browse and shelter plant) }
{ sea_wormwood, Seriphidium_maritimum, Artemisia_maritima, wormwood,@ genus_Seriphidium,#m (plants of western and northern European coasts) }
{ big_sagebrush, blue_sage, Seriphidium_tridentatum, Artemisia_tridentata, sagebrush,@ genus_Seriphidium,#m (aromatic shrub of arid regions of western North America having hoary leaves) }

{ Serratula, genus_Serratula, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (genus of Old World perennial herbs with spirally arranged toothed leaves) }
{ sawwort, Serratula_tinctoria, herb,@ genus_Serratula,#m (European perennial whose serrate leaves yield a yellow dye) }

{ Silphium, genus_Silphium, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (tall North American perennial herbs) }
{ rosinweed1, Silphium_laciniatum, compass_plant,@ genus_Silphium,#m (North American perennial having a resinous odor and yellow flowers) }

{ Silybum, genus_Silybum, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (small genus of east African herbs) }
{ milk_thistle2, lady's_thistle, Our_Lady's_mild_thistle, holy_thistle, blessed_thistle2, Silybum_marianum, herb,@ genus_Silybum,#m (tall Old World biennial thistle with large clasping white-blotched leaves and purple flower heads; naturalized in California and South America) }

{ Solidago, genus_Solidago, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (goldenrod) }
{ goldenrod, wildflower,@ genus_Solidago,#m (any of numerous chiefly summer-blooming and fall-blooming North American plants especially of the genus Solidago) }
{ silverrod, Solidago_bicolor, goldenrod,@ (plant of eastern North America having creamy white flowers) }
{ meadow_goldenrod, Canadian_goldenrod, Solidago_canadensis, goldenrod,@ (large North American goldenrod having showy clusters of yellow flowers on arching branches; often a weed) }
{ Missouri_goldenrod, Solidago_missouriensis, goldenrod,@ (similar to meadow goldenrod but usually smaller) }
{ alpine_goldenrod, Solidago_multiradiata, goldenrod,@ (goldenrod similar to narrow goldenrod but having bristly hairs on edges of leaf stalks; mountainous regions of western America) }
{ grey_goldenrod, gray_goldenrod, Solidago_nemoralis, goldenrod,@ (a dyer's weed of Canada and the eastern United States having yellow flowers sometimes used in dyeing) }
{ Blue_Mountain_tea, sweet_goldenrod, Solidago_odora, goldenrod,@ (goldenrod of eastern America having aromatic leaves from which a medicinal tea is made) }
{ dyer's_weed, Solidago_rugosa, goldenrod,@ (eastern North American herb whose yellow flowers are (or were) used in dyeing) }
{ seaside_goldenrod, beach_goldenrod, Solidago_sempervirens, goldenrod,@ (vigorous showy goldenrod common along eastern coast and Gulf Coast of North America) }
{ narrow_goldenrod, Solidago_spathulata, goldenrod,@ (western American goldenrod with long narrow clusters of small yellow flowers) }
(=not in W III)
{ Boott's_goldenrod, goldenrod,@ (a variety of goldenrod) }
{ Elliott's_goldenrod, goldenrod,@ (a variety of goldenrod) }
{ Ohio_goldenrod, goldenrod,@ (a variety of goldenrod) }
{ rough-stemmed_goldenrod, goldenrod,@ (a variety of goldenrod) }
{ showy_goldenrod, goldenrod,@ (a variety of goldenrod) }
{ tall_goldenrod, goldenrod,@ (a variety of goldenrod) }
{ zigzag_goldenrod, broad_leaved_goldenrod, goldenrod,@ (a variety of goldenrod) }

{ Sonchus, genus_Sonchus, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (sow thistles) }
{ sow_thistle, milk_thistle1, shrub,@ genus_Sonchus,#m (any of several Old World coarse prickly-leaved shrubs and subshrubs having milky juice and yellow flowers; widely naturalized; often noxious weeds in cultivated soil) }
{ milkweed2, Sonchus_oleraceus, sow_thistle,@ (annual Eurasian sow thistle with soft spiny leaves and rayed yellow flower heads) }

{ Stenotus, genus_Stenotus, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (genus of western North American low evergreen shrubs growing in dense tufts) }
{ stemless_golden_weed, Stenotus_acaulis, Haplopappus_acaulis, wildflower,@ genus_Stenotus,#m (dark green erect herb of northwestern United States and southwestern Canada having stiff leaves in dense tufts and yellow flower heads; sometimes placed in genus Haplopappus) }

{ genus_Stevia, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (genus of shrubs and herbs of tropical and warm Americas) }
{ stevia1, herb,@ genus_Stevia,#m (any plant of the genus Stevia or the closely related genus Piqueria having glutinous foliage and white or purplish flowers; Central and South America) }

{ Stokesia, genus_Stokesia, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (one species: stokes' aster) }
{ stokes'_aster, cornflower_aster, Stokesia_laevis, flower,@ genus_Stokesia,#m (erect perennial of southeastern United States having large heads of usually blue flowers) }

{ Tageteste, genus_Tagetes, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (marigolds) }
{ marigold, flower,@ genus_Tagetes,#m (any of various tropical American plants of the genus Tagetes widely cultivated for their showy yellow or orange flowers) }
{ African_marigold, big_marigold, Aztec_marigold, Tagetes_erecta, marigold,@ (a stout branching annual with large yellow to orange flower heads; Mexico and Central America) }
{ French_marigold, Tagetes_patula, marigold,@ (strong-scented bushy annual with orange or yellow flower heads marked with red; Mexico and Guatemala) }

{ Tanacetum, genus_Tanacetum, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (a large genus of plants resembling chrysanthemums; comprises some plants often included in other genera especially genus Chrysanthemum) }
{ costmary, alecost, bible_leaf, mint_geranium, balsam_herb, Tanacetum_balsamita, Chrysanthemum_balsamita, herb,@ genus_Tanacetum,#m (tansy-scented Eurasian perennial herb with buttonlike yellow flowers; used as potherb or salad green and sometimes for potpourri or tea or flavoring; sometimes placed in genus Chrysanthemum) }
{ camphor_dune_tansy, Tanacetum_camphoratum, herb,@ genus_Tanacetum,#m (densely hairy plant with rayless flowers; San Francisco Bay area) }
{ painted_daisy, pyrethrum1, Tanacetum_coccineum, Chrysanthemum_coccineum, flower,@ genus_Tanacetum,#m (spring-flowering garden perennial of Asiatic origin having finely divided aromatic leaves and white to pink-purple flowers; source of an insecticide; sometimes placed in genus Chrysanthemum) }
{ pyrethrum2, Dalmatian_pyrethrum, Dalmatia_pyrethrum, Tanacetum_cinerariifolium, Chrysanthemum_cinerariifolium, herb,@ genus_Tanacetum,#m (white-flowered pyrethrum of Balkan area whose pinnate leaves are white and silky-hairy below; source of an insecticide; sometimes placed in genus Chrysanthemum) }
{ pyrethrum3, noun.substance:insecticide,@ (made of dried flower heads of pyrethrum plants) }
{ northern_dune_tansy, Tanacetum_douglasii, wildflower,@ genus_Tanacetum,#m (lightly hairy rhizomatous perennial having aromatic feathery leaves and stems bearing open clusters of small buttonlike yellow flowers; sand dunes of Pacific coast of North America) }
{ feverfew, Tanacetum_parthenium, Chrysanthemum_parthenium, herb,@ genus_Tanacetum,#m (bushy aromatic European perennial herb having clusters of buttonlike white-rayed flower heads; valued traditionally for medicinal uses; sometimes placed in genus Chrysanthemum) }
{ dusty_miller2, silver-lace1, silver_lace1, Tanacetum_ptarmiciflorum, Chrysanthemum_ptarmiciflorum, composite_plant,@ genus_Tanacetum,#m (shrubby perennial of the Canary Islands having white flowers and leaves and hairy stems covered with dustlike down; sometimes placed in genus Chrysanthemum) }
{ tansy, golden_buttons, scented_fern2, Tanacetum_vulgare, composite_plant,@ genus_Tanacetum,#m (common perennial aromatic herb native to Eurasia having buttonlike yellow flower heads and bitter-tasting pinnate leaves sometimes used medicinally) }

{ Taraxacum, genus_Taraxacum, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (an asterid dicot genus of the family Compositae including dandelions) }
{ dandelion, blowball, herb,@ genus_Taraxacum,#m (any of several herbs of the genus Taraxacum having long tap roots and deeply notched leaves and bright yellow flowers followed by fluffy seed balls) }
{ common_dandelion, Taraxacum_ruderalia, Taraxacum_officinale, dandelion,@ (Eurasian plant widely naturalized as a weed in North America; used as salad greens and to make wine) }
{ dandelion_green, foliage,@ common_dandelion,#p (the foliage of the dandelion plant) }
{ Russian_dandelion, kok-saghyz, kok-sagyz, Taraxacum_kok-saghyz, dandelion,@ (perennial dandelion native to Kazakhstan cultivated for its fleshy roots that have high rubber content) }

{ Tetraneuris, genus_Tetraneuris, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (genus of hairy yellow-flowered plants of the western United States) }
{ stemless_hymenoxys, Tetraneuris_acaulis, Hymenoxys_acaulis, wildflower,@ genus_Tetraneuris,#m (perennial having tufted basal leaves and short leafless stalks each bearing a solitary yellow flower head; dry hillsides and plains of west central North America) }
{ old_man_of_the_mountain, alpine_sunflower, Tetraneuris_grandiflora, Hymenoxys_grandiflora, wildflower,@ genus_Tetraneuris,#m (whitish hairy plant with featherlike leaves and a few stout stems each bearing an especially handsome solitary large yellow flower head; mountainous regions north central United States) }

{ genus_Tithonia, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (genus of robust herbs of Mexico and Central America: Mexican sunflower) }
{ Mexican_sunflower, tithonia, flower,@ genus_Tithonia,#m (any plant of the genus Tithonia; tall coarse herbs or shrubs of Mexico to Panama having large flower heads resembling sunflowers with yellow disc florets and golden-yellow to orange-scarlet rays) }

{ Townsendia, genus_Townsendia, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (genus of western American low tufted herbs: Easter daisy) }
{ Easter_daisy, stemless_daisy, Townsendia_Exscapa, flower,@ genus_Townsendia,#m (dwarf tufted nearly stemless herb having a rosette of woolly leaves and large white-rayed flower heads and bristly achenes; central Canada and United States west to Arizona) }

{ Tragopogon, genus_Tragopogon, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (genus of Old World herbs with linear entire leaves and yellow or purple flower heads) }
{ yellow_salsify, Tragopogon_dubius, wildflower,@ (European perennial naturalized throughout United States having hollow stems with a few long narrow tapered leaves and each bearing a solitary pale yellow flower) }
{ salsify, oyster_plant, vegetable_oyster, Tragopogon_porrifolius, herb,@ genus_Tragopogon,#m (Mediterranean biennial herb with long-stemmed heads of purple ray flowers and milky sap and long edible root; naturalized throughout United States) }
{ salsify2, oyster_plant2, root,@ salsify,#p (edible root of the salsify plant) }
{ meadow_salsify, goatsbeard, shepherd's_clock, Tragopogon_pratensis, wildflower,@ genus_Tragopogon,#m (weedy European annual with yellow flowers; naturalized in United States) }

{ Trilisa, genus_Trilisa, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (genus of herbs of southern United States) }
{ wild_vanilla, Trilisa_odoratissima, herb,@ genus_Trilisa,#m (perennial of southeastern United States with leaves having the fragrance of vanilla) }

{ Tripleurospermum, genus_Tripleurospermum, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (small genus comprising plants often included in genus Matricaria) }
{ scentless_camomile, scentless_false_camomile, scentless_mayweed, scentless_hayweed, corn_mayweed1, Tripleurospermum_inodorum, Matricaria_inodorum, herb,@ genus_Tripleurospermum,#m (ubiquitous European annual weed with white flowers and finely divided leaves naturalized and sometimes cultivated in eastern North America; sometimes included in genus Matricaria) }
{ turfing_daisy1, Tripleurospermum_oreades_tchihatchewii, Matricaria_oreades, herb,@ genus_Tripleurospermum,#m (mat-forming perennial herb of Asia Minor; sometimes included in genus Matricaria) }
{ turfing_daisy2, Tripleurospermum_tchihatchewii, Matricaria_tchihatchewii, herb,@ genus_Tripleurospermum,#m (low densely tufted perennial herb of Turkey having small white flowers; used as a ground cover in dry places; sometimes included in genus Matricaria) }

{ Tussilago, genus_Tussilago, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (genus of low creeping yellow-flowered perennial herbs of north temperate regions: coltsfoots; in some classifications includes species often placed in other genera especially Homogyne and Petasites) }
{ coltsfoot, Tussilago_farfara, herb,@ genus_Tussilago,#m (perennial herb with large rounded leaves resembling a colt's foot and yellow flowers appearing before the leaves do; native to Europe but now nearly cosmopolitan; used medicinally especially formerly) }

{ genus_Ursinia, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (genus of South African herbs and shrubs cultivated as ornamentals) }
{ ursinia, flower,@ genus_Ursinia,#m (any of various plants of the genus Ursinia grown for their yellow- or orange- or white-rayed flowers) }

{ Verbesina, genus_Verbesina, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (herbs and shrubs of warm North America to Mexico; includes plants formerly placed in genus Actinomeris) }
{ Actinomeris, genus_Actinomeris, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (used in some classification systems for plants now included in genus Verbesina) }
{ crownbeard, crown-beard, crown_beard, composite_plant,@ genus_Verbesina,#m (any plant of the genus Verbesina having clustered white or yellow flower heads) }
{ wingstem, golden_ironweed, yellow_ironweed, golden_honey_plant, Verbesina_alternifolia, Actinomeris_alternifolia, crownbeard,@ (perennial herb with showy yellow flowers; the eastern United States) }
{ cowpen_daisy, golden_crownbeard, golden_crown_beard, butter_daisy, Verbesina_encelioides, Ximenesia_encelioides, crownbeard,@ (coarse greyish-green annual yellow-flowered herb; southwestern United States to Mexico) }
{ gravelweed, Verbesina_helianthoides, crownbeard,@ (perennial herb with yellow flowers; southern and south central United States) }
{ Virginia_crownbeard, frostweed1, frost-weed1, Verbesina_virginica, crownbeard,@ (tall perennial herb having clusters of white flowers; the eastern United States) }

{ genus_Vernonia, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (genus of New World tropical herbs or shrubs with terminal cymose heads of tubular flowers) }
{ ironweed, vernonia, herb,@ genus_Vernonia,#m (any of various plants of the genus Vernonia of tropical and warm regions of especially North America that take their name from their loose heads of purple to rose flowers that quickly take on a rusty hue) }

{ genus_Wyethia, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (coarse leafy perennial plants resembling sunflowers found especially in the western United States) }
{ mule's_ears, Wyethia_amplexicaulis, wildflower,@ genus_Wyethia,#m (balsamic-resinous herb with clumps of lanceolate leaves and stout leafy stems ending in large deep yellow flowers on long stalks; northwestern United States) }
{ white-rayed_mule's_ears, Wyethia_helianthoides, wildflower,@ genus_Wyethia,#m (herb with basal leaves and leafy hairy stems bearing solitary flower heads with white or pale cream-colored rays; northwestern United States) }

{ Xanthium, genus_Xanthium, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (coarse herbs having small heads of greenish flowers followed by burrs with hooked bristles) }
{ cocklebur, cockle-bur, cockleburr, cockle-burr, weed,@ genus_Xanthium,#m (any coarse weed of the genus Xanthium having spiny burrs) }

{ genus_Xeranthemum, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (genus of annual densely hairy herbs of Mediterranean to southwestern Asia) }
{ xeranthemum, flower,@ genus_Xeranthemum,#m (any plant of the genus Xeranthemum native to southern Europe having chaffy or silvery flower heads with purplish tubular flowers) }
{ immortelle, Xeranthemum_annuum, everlasting,@ genus_Xeranthemum,#m (mostly widely cultivated species of everlasting flowers having usually purple flowers; southern Europe to Iran; naturalized elsewhere) }

{ genus_Zinnia, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Compositae,#m (genus of annual or perennial plants of tropical America having solitary heads of brightly colored flowers) }
{ zinnia, old_maid2, old_maid_flower, flower,@ genus_Zinnia,#m (any of various plants of the genus Zinnia cultivated for their variously and brightly colored flower heads) }
{ white_zinnia, Zinnia_acerosa, zinnia,@ (subshrub with slender woolly stems and long narrow leaves and flower heads with white rays; southern United States and northern Mexico) }
{ little_golden_zinnia, Zinnia_grandiflora, zinnia,@ (subshrub having short leafy stems and numerous small flower heads with nearly round yellow-orange rays; Arizona south to Mexico and east to Kansas) }

(++complete)
{ Loasaceae, family_Loasaceae, loasa_family, dilleniid_dicot_family,@ order_Parietales,#m (family of bristly hairy sometimes climbing plants; America and Africa and southern Arabia) }
{ genus_Loasa, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Loasaceae,#m (genus of tropical American prickly herbs or subshrubs) }
{ loasa, herb,@ genus_Loasa,#m (any of various perennial South American plants of the genus Loasa having stinging hairs and showy white or yellow or reddish-orange flowers) }
{ Mentzelia, genus_Mentzelia, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Loasaceae,#m (genus of bristly herbs or subshrubs of western America lacking stinging hairs) }
{ blazing_star2, Mentzelia_livicaulis, Mentzelia_laevicaulis, flower,@ genus_Mentzelia,#m (biennial of southwestern United States having white stems and toothed leaves that is grown for its large pale yellow flowers that open in early morning) }
{ bartonia, Mentzelia_lindleyi, flower,@ genus_Mentzelia,#m (annual grown especially for its fragrant golden nocturnal flowers) }

{ [ achene, adj.pert:achenial,+ ] fruit,@ (small dry indehiscent fruit with the seed distinct from the fruit wall) }
{ samara, key_fruit, key, achene,@ (a winged often one-seed indehiscent fruit as of the ash or elm or maple) }
{ [ bur, verb.change:bur,+ ] [ burr, adj.all:armed2^burry,+ verb.change:burr,+ ] seed_vessel,@ (seed vessel having hooks or prickles) }

{ Campanulaceae, family_Campanulaceae, bellflower_family, plant_family,@ order_Campanulales,#m (family of plants of the order Campanulales; in some classifications includes Lobeliaceae) }
{ genus_Campanula, plant_genus,@ family_Campanulaceae,#m (large genus of herbs grown for their blossoms: bellflowers) }
{ campanula, bellflower, herb,@ genus_Campanula,#m (any of various plants of the genus Campanula having blue or white bell-shaped flowers) }
{ harebell1, bluebell1, Campanula_rotundifolia, bellflower,@ (perennial of northern hemisphere with slender stems and bell-shaped blue flowers) }
{ creeping_bellflower, Campanula_rapunculoides, bellflower,@ (erect European herb with creeping rootstocks and nodding spikelike racemes of blue to violet flowers) }
{ Canterbury_bell2, cup_and_saucer, Campanula_medium, bellflower,@ (European biennial widely cultivated for its blue or violet or white flowers) }
{ southern_harebell, Campanula_divaricata, bellflower,@ (bellflower of southeastern United States (Maryland to Georgia) having pale blue flowers) }
{ tall_bellflower, Campanula_americana, bellflower,@ (annual or perennial of eastern North America with long spikes of blue or white flowers) }
{ marsh_bellflower, Campanula_aparinoides, bellflower,@ (bellflower common in marshes of eastern North America having lanceolate linear leaves and small whitish flowers) }
{ clustered_bellflower, Campanula_glomerata, bellflower,@ (bellflower of Europe to temperate Asia having dense spikes of violet-blue to white flowers) }
{ peach_bells, peach_bell, willow_bell, Campanula_persicifolia, bellflower,@ (perennial European bellflower with racemose white or blue flowers) }
{ chimney_plant, chimney_bellflower, Campanula_pyramidalis, bellflower,@ (bellflower of southeastern Europe) }
{ rampion, rampion_bellflower, Campanula_rapunculus, bellflower,@ (bellflower of Europe and Asia and North Africa having bluish flowers and an edible tuberous root used with the leaves in salad) }
{ throatwort, nettle-leaved_bellflower, Campanula_trachelium, bellflower,@ (European bellflower with blue-purple to lilac flowers formerly used to treat sore throat) }
{ tussock_bellflower, spreading_bellflower, Campanula_carpatica, bellflower,@ (European perennial bellflower that grows in clumps with spreading stems and blue or white flowers) }

(==liliid_monocot_family...)
{ Orchidales, order_Orchidales, plant_order,@ subclass_Liliidae,#m (order of plants with irregular flowers having minute seeds: Orchidaceae; Burmanniaceae) }
(++)
{ Orchidaceae, family_Orchidaceae, orchid_family, monocot_family,@ order_Orchidales,#m (enormous cosmopolitan family of perennial terrestrial or epiphytic plants with fleshy tubers or rootstocks and unusual flowers) }
{ orchid, orchidaceous_plant, flower,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (any of numerous plants of the orchid family usually having flowers of unusual shapes and beautiful colors) }

{ genus_Orchis, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (type genus of the orchid family; hardy terrestrial orchids of the temperate the northern hemisphere) }
{ orchis, orchid,@ genus_Orchis,#m (any of various deciduous terrestrial orchids having fleshy tubers and flowers in erect terminal racemes) }
{ male_orchis, early_purple_orchid, Orchis_mascula, orchis,@ (Eurasian orchid with showy pink or purple flowers in a loose spike) }
{ butterfly_orchid2, butterfly_orchis1, Orchis_papilionaceae, orchis,@ (Mediterranean orchid having usually purple flowers with a fan-shaped spotted or striped rose-red lip) }
{ showy_orchis, purple_orchis, purple-hooded_orchis, Orchis_spectabilis, orchis,@ (North American orchid having a spike of violet-purple flowers mixed with white; sepals and petals form a hood) }

{ genus_Aerides, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (epiphytic orchids of tropical Asia having stiff leaves and fragrant white flowers in arching racemes) }
{ aerides, orchid,@ genus_Aerides,#m (any orchid of the genus Aerides) }

{ genus_Angrecum, Angraecum, genus_Angraecum, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (genus of tropical Old World epiphytic orchids with showy flowers sometimes grotesque) }
{ angrecum, orchid,@ genus_Angrecum,#m (any of various spectacular orchids of the genus Angraecum having dark green leathery leaves and usually nocturnally scented white or ivory flowers) }
{ Anoectochilus, genus_Anoectochilus, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (genus of delicate Asiatic orchids) }
{ jewel_orchid, orchid,@ genus_Anoectochilus,#m (any of several delicate Asiatic orchids grown especially for their velvety leaves with metallic white or gold veining) }
{ Aplectrum, genus_Aplectrum, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (a monocotyledonous genus of the family Orchidaceae) }
{ puttyroot, adam-and-eve, Aplectrum_hyemale, orchid,@ genus_Aplectrum,#m (North American orchid bearing a single leaf and yellowish-brown flowers) }
{ genus_Arethusa, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (genus of bog orchids of North America and Japan) }
{ arethusa, orchid,@ genus_Arethusa,#m (any of several bog orchids of the genus Arethusa having 1 or 2 showy flowers) }
{ bog_rose, wild_pink2, dragon's_mouth, Arethusa_bulbosa, arethusa,@ genus_Arethusa,#m (a bog orchid with usually a solitary fragrant magenta pink blossom with a wide gaping corolla; Canada) }

{ genus_Bletia, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (genus of tropical American terrestrial orchids with large purple or pink flowers) }
{ bletia, orchid,@ genus_Bletia,#m (any of various orchids of the genus Bletia having pseudobulbs and erect leafless racemes of large purple or pink flowers) }
{ Bletilla, genus_Bletilla, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (small genus of chiefly east Asiatic hardy terrestrial orchids similar to genus Bletia) }
{ Bletilla_striata, Bletia_striata, orchid,@ genus_Bletilla,#m (Japanese orchid with white-striped leaves and slender erect racemes of rose to magenta flowers; often cultivated; sometimes placed in genus Bletia) }
{ pseudobulb, noun.state:enlargement,@ (a solid bulblike enlargement of the stem of some orchids) }
{ genus_Brassavola, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (genus of tropical American epiphytic or lithophytic rhizomatous orchids) }
{ brassavola, orchid,@ genus_Brassavola,#m (any of various tropical American orchids with usually solitary fleshy leaves and showy white to green nocturnally fragrant blossoms solitary or in racemes of up to 7) }
{ Brassia, genus_Brassia, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (genus of tropical American epiphytic orchids having striking axillary racemes of yellow to green spiderlike flowers with long slender sepals and warty lips: spider orchids) }
{ spider_orchid1, Brassia_lawrenceana, orchid,@ genus_Brassia,#m (South American orchid with spiderlike pale-yellow to pale-green flowers) }
{ spider_orchid2, Brassia_verrucosa, orchid,@ genus_Brassia,#m (Central American orchid having spiderlike flowers with prominent green warts) }

{ genus_Caladenia, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (terrestrial orchids of Australia to New Caledonia) }
{ caladenia, orchid,@ genus_Caladenia,#m (any of various orchids of the genus Caladenia) }
{ zebra_orchid, Caladenia_cairnsiana, caladenia,@ genus_Caladenia,#m (orchid with reddish linear leaves and panicle of purple-marked pale-yellow flowers with deep red or purple lip; southwestern Australia) }
{ genus_Calanthe, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (large and widely distributed genus of terrestrial orchids) }
{ calanthe, orchid,@ genus_Calanthe,#m (any of various showy orchids of the genus Calanthe having white or yellow or rose-colored flowers and broad leaves folded lengthwise) }
{ Calopogon, genus_Calopogon, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (terrestrial orchids of North America) }
{ grass_pink1, Calopogon_pulchellum, Calopogon_tuberosum, orchid,@ genus_Calopogon,#m (an orchid) }
{ genus_Calypso, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (one species found throughout much of northern North America and Eurasia) }
{ calypso, fairy-slipper, Calypso_bulbosa, orchid,@ (rare north temperate bog orchid bearing a solitary white to pink flower marked with purple at the tip of an erect reddish stalk above 1 basal leaf) }
{ Catasetum, genus_Catasetum, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (genus of tropical American orchids having showy male and female flowers usually on separate inflorescences) }
{ jumping_orchid, Catasetum_macrocarpum, orchid,@ genus_Catasetum,#m (orchid having both male and female flowers in the same raceme; when a sensitive projection at the base of the column of the male flower is touched the pollen is suddenly ejected) }
{ genus_Cattleya, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (large and highly valued genus of beautiful tropical American epiphytic or lithophytic orchids; the typical orchids; known in many varieties) }
{ cattleya, orchid,@ genus_Cattleya,#m (any orchid of the genus Cattleya characterized by a three-lobed lip enclosing the column; among the most popular and most extravagantly beautiful orchids known) }
{ Cephalanthera, genus_Cephalanthera, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (small genus of temperate Old World terrestrial orchids) }
{ helleborine1, orchid,@ genus_Cephalanthera,#m (any of several orchids of the genus Cephalanthera) }
{ red_helleborine, Cephalanthera_rubra, helleborine1,@ genus_Cephalanthera,#m (orchid of Mediterranean and Asia having a lax spike of bright rose-pink flowers) }

{ Cleistes, genus_Cleistes, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (terrestrial orchids of North and South America having slender fibrous roots; allied to genus Pogonia) }
{ spreading_pogonia, funnel-crest_rosebud_orchid, Cleistes_divaricata, Pogonia_divaricata, orchid,@ genus_Cleistes,#m (orchid of northeastern United States with magenta-pink flowers having funnel-shaped lip; sometimes placed in genus Pogonia) }
{ rosebud_orchid, Cleistes_rosea, Pogonia_rosea, orchid,@ genus_Cleistes,#m (orchid of central and northern South America having 1- to 3-blossomed racemes of large showy rose-colored flowers; sometimes placed in genus Pogonia) }
{ Coeloglossum, genus_Coeloglossum, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (terrestrial orchids of cooler parts of North America and Europe: satyr orchid) }
{ satyr_orchid, Coeloglossum_bracteatum, orchid,@ genus_Coeloglossum,#m (orchid with broad ovate leaves and long-bracted green very irregular flowers) }
{ frog_orchid1, Coeloglossum_viride, orchid,@ genus_Coeloglossum,#m (orchid having hooded long-bracted green to yellow-green flowers suffused with purple) }

{ genus_Coelogyne, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (large diverse genus of tropical Asiatic epiphytic orchids) }
{ coelogyne, orchid,@ genus_Coelogyne,#m (any of various orchids of the genus Coelogyne with: clusters of fragrant lacy snow-white flowers; salmon-pink solitary flowers; chainlike racemes of topaz and chocolate brown flowers; spikes of delicate white spice-scented flowers; emerald green flowers marked with blue-black) }

{ Corallorhiza, genus_Corallorhiza, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (genus of leafless root-parasitic orchids having small purplish or yellowish racemose flowers with lobed lips; widely distributed in temperate regions) }
{ coral_root, orchid,@ genus_Corallorhiza,#m (a wildflower of the genus Corallorhiza growing from a hard mass of rhizomes associated with a fungus that aids in absorbing nutrients from the forest floor) }
{ spotted_coral_root, Corallorhiza_maculata, coral_root,@ (common coral root having yellowish- or reddish- or purplish-brown leafless stems bearing loose racemes of similarly colored flowers with white purple-spotted lips; Guatemala to Canada) }
{ striped_coral_root, Corallorhiza_striata, coral_root,@ (nearly leafless wildflower with erect reddish-purple stems bearing racemes of pale pinkish and brownish-striped flowers; western Canada to Mexico) }
{ early_coral_root, pale_coral_root, Corallorhiza_trifida, coral_root,@ (plant having clumps of nearly leafless pale yellowish to greenish stems bearing similarly colored flowers with white lower lips; northern New Mexico north through South Dakota and Washington to Alaska) }

{ Coryanthes, genus_Coryanthes, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (small genus of tropical American epiphytic or lithophytic orchids) }
{ helmetflower2, helmet_orchid1, orchid,@ genus_Coryanthes,#m (any of several orchids of the genus Coryanthes having racemes of a few musky-scented waxy flowers with a helmet-shaped lip process) }
{ Cycnoches, genus_Cycnoches, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (genus of epiphytic or terrestrial tropical American orchids) }
{ swan_orchid, swanflower, swan-flower, swanneck, swan-neck, orchid,@ genus_Cycnoches,#m (any of several orchids of the genus Cycnoches having slender arching columns of flowers suggesting the neck of a swan) }

{ genus_Cymbidium, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (genus of tropical epiphytic or terrestrial Old World orchids; one of the most popular orchid genera) }
{ cymbid, cymbidium, orchid,@ genus_Cymbidium,#m (any of various plants of the genus Cymbidium having narrow leaves and a long drooping cluster of numerous showy and variously colored boat-shaped flowers; extensively hybridized and cultivated as houseplants and important florists' flowers) }

{ Cypripedium, genus_Cypripedium, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (genus of chiefly American perennial leafy-stemmed orchids: lady's slippers; sometimes includes species of genus Paphiopedilum) }
{ cypripedia, orchid,@ genus_Cypripedium,#m (a plant or flower of the genus Cypripedium) }
{ lady's_slipper, lady's-slipper, lady-slipper, lady_slipper, ladies'_slipper, slipper_orchid, orchid,@ genus_Cypripedium,#m (any of several chiefly American wildflowers having an inflated pouchlike lip; difficult or impossible to cultivate in the garden) }
{ moccasin_flower, nerveroot, Cypripedium_acaule, lady's_slipper,@ (once common rose pink woodland orchid of eastern North America) }
{ common_lady's-slipper, showy_lady's-slipper, showy_lady_slipper, Cypripedium_reginae, Cypripedium_album, lady's_slipper,@ (pale pink wild orchid of northeastern America having an inflated pouchlike lip) }
{ ram's-head, ram's-head_lady's_slipper, Cypripedium_arietinum, lady's_slipper,@ (orchid of northern North America having a brownish-green flower and red-and-white lip suggestive of a ram's head) }
{ yellow_lady's_slipper, yellow_lady-slipper, Cypripedium_calceolus, Cypripedium_parviflorum, lady's_slipper,@ (maroon to purple-brown orchid with yellow lip; Europe, North America and Japan) }
{ large_yellow_lady's_slipper, Cypripedium_calceolus_pubescens, yellow_lady's_slipper,@ (plant of eastern and central North America having slightly fragrant purple-marked greenish-yellow flowers) }
{ California_lady's_slipper, Cypripedium_californicum, lady's_slipper,@ (often having many yellow-green orchids with white pouches growing along streams and seeps of southwestern Oregon and northern California) }
{ clustered_lady's_slipper, Cypripedium_fasciculatum, lady's_slipper,@ (clusters of several short stems each having 2 broad leaves and 2-4 drooping brownish to greenish flowers with pouches mottled with purple; British Columbia to central California and northern Colorado) }
{ mountain_lady's_slipper, Cypripedium_montanum, lady's_slipper,@ (leafy plant having a few stems in a clump with 1 white and dull purple flower in each upper leaf axil; Alaska to northern California and Wyoming) }

{ Dactylorhiza, genus_Dactylorhiza, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (genus of terrestrial orchids of Europe and Asia and North Africa) }
{ marsh_orchid, orchid,@ genus_Dactylorhiza,#m (any of several orchids of the genus Dactylorhiza having fingerlike tuberous roots; Europe and Mediterranean region) }
{ common_spotted_orchid, Dactylorhiza_fuchsii, Dactylorhiza_maculata_fuchsii, orchid,@ genus_Dactylorhiza,#m (European orchid having lanceolate leaves spotted purple and pink to white or mauve flowers spotted or lined deep red or purple) }

{ genus_Dendrobium, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (large genus and variable genus of chiefly epiphytic or lithophytic orchids of tropical and subtropical Asia and Australasia) }
{ dendrobium, orchid,@ genus_Dendrobium,#m (a plant of the genus Dendrobium having stems like cane and usually showy racemose flowers) }

{ genus_Disa, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (genus of showy tropical African terrestrial orchids) }
{ disa, orchid,@ genus_Disa,#m (any orchid of the genus Disa; beautiful orchids with dark green leaves and usually hooded flowers; much prized as emblematic flowers in their native regions) }

{ Dracula, genus_Dracula, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (comprises tropical American species usually placed in genus Masdevallia: diminutive plants having bizarre and often sinister-looking flowers with pendulous scapes and motile lips) }
{ Dryadella, genus_Dryadella, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (comprises tropical American species usually placed in genus Masdevallia: very dwarf plants having short tufted and usually unifoliate stems with usually solitary flowers) }

{ Eburophyton, genus_Eburophyton, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (a monocotyledonous genus of the family Orchidaceae) }
{ phantom_orchid, snow_orchid, Eburophyton_austinae, orchid,@ genus_Eburophyton,#m (waxy white nearly leafless plant with stems in clusters and racemes of white flowers; northwestern United States to northern California and east to Idaho) }

{ Encyclia, genus_Encyclia, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (large genus of epiphytic and lithophytic orchids of tropical and subtropical Americas and West Indies; formerly included in genus Epidendrum) }
{ tulip_orchid, Encyclia_citrina, Cattleya_citrina, orchid,@ genus_Encyclia,#m (Mexican epiphytic orchid with glaucous grey-green leaves and lemon- to golden-yellow flowers appearing only partially opened; sometimes placed in genus Cattleya) }
{ butterfly_orchid3, Encyclia_tampensis, Epidendrum_tampense, orchid,@ genus_Encyclia,#m (orchid of Florida and the Bahamas having showy brightly colored flowers; sometimes placed in genus Epidendrum) }
{ butterfly_orchid4, butterfly_orchis2, Epidendrum_venosum, Encyclia_venosa, orchid,@ genus_Encyclia,#m (Mexican epiphytic orchid having pale green or yellow-green flowers with white purple-veined lip) }

{ Epidendrum, genus_Epidendrum, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (large and variable genus of terrestrial or epiphytic or lithophytic orchids of tropical and subtropical Americas; some native to United States) }
{ epidendron, orchid,@ genus_Epidendrum,#m (any of various orchids of the genus Epidendrum) }

{ Epipactis, genus_Epipactis, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (genus of hardy orchids with leafy-bracted racemes of greenish or purplish irregular flowers) }
{ helleborine2, orchid,@ genus_Epipactis,#m (any of various orchids of the genus Epipactis) }
{ Epipactis_helleborine, helleborine2,@ genus_Epipactis,#m (European orchid with spikes of green and pinkish or purplish flowers) }
{ stream_orchid, chatterbox, giant_helleborine, Epipactis_gigantea, helleborine2,@ genus_Epipactis,#m (orchid growing along streams or ponds of western North America having leafy stems and 1 greenish-brown and pinkish flower in the axil of each upper leaf) }

{ Glossodia, genus_Glossodia, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (small genus of Australian orchids) }
{ tongueflower, tongue-flower, orchid,@ genus_Glossodia,#m (orchid having blue to purple flowers with tongue-shaped or strap-shaped protuberances (calli) at the lip base) }
{ Goodyera, genus_Goodyera, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (genus of small orchids of the northern hemisphere with creeping rhizomes and stalked ovate leaves and small flowers) }
{ rattlesnake_plantain, helleborine3, orchid,@ genus_Goodyera,#m (any of several small temperate and tropical orchids having mottled or striped leaves and spikes of small yellowish-white flowers in a twisted raceme) }

{ Grammatophyllum, genus_Grammatophyllum, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (small genus of large epiphytic or terrestrial orchids of southeastern Asia to Polynesia; the giants of the Orchidaceae having long narrow leaves and drooping flower clusters often 6 feet long) }

{ Gymnadenia, genus_Gymnadenia, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (small genus of terrestrial orchids of North America and temperate Eurasia) }
{ fragrant_orchid, Gymnadenia_conopsea, orchid,@ genus_Gymnadenia,#m (European orchid having dense spikes of fragrant pink or lilac or red flowers with conspicuous spurs) }
{ short-spurred_fragrant_orchid, Gymnadenia_odoratissima, orchid,@ genus_Gymnadenia,#m (similar to Gymnadenia conopsea but with smaller flowers on shorter stems and having much shorter spurs) }

{ Gymnadeniopsis, genus_Gymnadeniopsis, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (genus of North American terrestrial orchids usually included in genus Habenaria) }

{ Habenaria, genus_Habenaria, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (chiefly terrestrial orchids with tubers or fleshy roots often having long slender spurs and petals and lip lobes; includes species formerly placed in genus Gymnadeniopsis) }
{ fringed_orchis, fringed_orchid, orchid,@ genus_Habenaria,#m (any of several summer-flowering American orchids distinguished by a fringed or lacerated lip) }
{ frog_orchid2, orchid,@ genus_Habenaria,#m (any of several green orchids of the genus Habenaria) }
{ rein_orchid, rein_orchis, orchid,@ genus_Habenaria,#m (any of several American wildflowers with a kidney-shaped lip) }
{ bog_rein_orchid, bog_candles, Habenaria_dilatata, rein_orchid,@ (orchid with spikes of many fragrant white flowers on erect leafy stems; of wet or boggy ground through most of the West and northern North America) }
{ white_fringed_orchis, white_fringed_orchid, Habenaria_albiflora, fringed_orchid,@ (bog orchid of eastern North America with a spike of pure white fringed flowers) }
{ elegant_Habenaria, Habenaria_elegans, rein_orchid,@ (slender inland rein orchid similar to coastal rein orchid but with pale greenish-yellow flowers) }
{ purple-fringed_orchid2, purple-fringed_orchis2, Habenaria_fimbriata, fringed_orchid,@ (North American orchid similar to Habenaria psycodes with larger paler flowers) }
{ coastal_rein_orchid, Habenaria_greenei, rein_orchid,@ (stout orchid of central California to northern Washington having racemes of white fragrant bilaterally symmetrical flowers) }
{ Hooker's_orchid, Habenaria_hookeri, fringed_orchid,@ (a long-spurred orchid with base leaves and petals converging under the upper sepal) }
{ ragged_orchid, ragged_orchis, ragged-fringed_orchid, green_fringed_orchis, Habenaria_lacera, fringed_orchid,@ (fringed orchid of the eastern United States having a greenish flower with the lip deeply lacerated) }
{ prairie_orchid, prairie_white-fringed_orchis, Habenaria_leucophaea, fringed_orchid,@ (orchid of boggy or wet lands of north central United States having racemes of very fragrant creamy or greenish white flowers) }
{ snowy_orchid, Habenaria_nivea, fringed_orchid,@ (slender fringed orchid of eastern North America having white flowers) }
{ round-leaved_rein_orchid, Habenaria_orbiculata, rein_orchid,@ (orchid having a raceme of large greenish-white flowers on a single flower stalk growing between two elliptic or round basal leaves lying on the ground; from northern Oregon and Montana across Canada to the eastern United States) }
{ purple_fringeless_orchid, purple_fringeless_orchis, Habenaria_peramoena, fringed_orchid,@ (orchid of northeastern and alpine eastern North America closely related to the purple fringed orchids but having rosy-purple or violet flowers with denticulate leaf divisions) }
{ purple-fringed_orchid1, purple-fringed_orchis1, Habenaria_psycodes, fringed_orchid,@ (North American orchid with clusters of fragrant purple fringed flowers) }
{ Alaska_rein_orchid, Habenaria_unalascensis, rein_orchid,@ (similar to coastal rein orchid but with smaller flowers; Alaska to Baja California and east to the Dakotas and Colorado) }

{ Hexalectris, genus_Hexalectris, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (a monocotyledonous genus of the family Orchidaceae) }
{ crested_coral_root, Hexalectris_spicata, orchid,@ genus_Hexalectris,#m (orchid with yellowish-brown flowers with dark veins; southeastern Arizona to the eastern United States) }
{ Texas_purple_spike, Hexalectris_warnockii, orchid,@ genus_Hexalectris,#m (orchid with slender nearly leafless reddish-brown stems with loose racemes of reddish-brown flowers; of open brushy woods of southeastern Arizona and central Texas) }
{ Himantoglossum, genus_Himantoglossum, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (small genus of terrestrial orchids of Europe and Mediterranean region) }
{ lizard_orchid, Himantoglossum_hircinum, orchid,@ genus_Himantoglossum,#m (an orchid of the genus Himantoglossum) }

{ genus_Laelia, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (large genus of mostly epiphytic or lithophytic Central and South American orchids of various sizes) }
{ laelia, orchid,@ genus_Laelia,#m (any of various spectacular plants of the genus Laelia having showy flowers in many colors) }

{ genus_Liparis, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (genus of terrestrial and epiphytic orchids; pantropical to temperate) }
{ liparis, orchid,@ genus_Liparis,#m (an orchid of the genus Liparis having few leaves and usually fairly small yellow-green or dull purple flowers in terminal racemes) }
{ twayblade2, orchid,@ genus_Liparis,#m (an orchid of the genus Liparis having a pair of leaves) }
{ fen_orchid, fen_orchis, Liparis_loeselii, orchid,@ genus_Liparis,#m (small terrestrial orchid of eastern North America and Europe having two nearly basal leaves and dull yellow-green racemose flowers) }

{ Listera, genus_Listera, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (genus of terrestrial orchids having usually a single pair of broad shining leaves near the middle of the stem; found in temperate Asia and North America and Europe) }
{ broad-leaved_twayblade, Listera_convallarioides, orchid,@ genus_Listera,#m (small orchid with two elliptic leaves and a slender raceme of small green flowers; western North America) }
{ lesser_twayblade, Listera_cordata, orchid,@ genus_Listera,#m (orchid having two triangular leaves and a short lax raceme of green to rust-colored flowers with the lip flushed mauve; Europe and Asia and North America and Greenland) }
{ twayblade1, Listera_ovata, orchid,@ genus_Listera,#m (orchid having a pair of ovate leaves and a long slender raceme of green flowers sometimes tinged red-brown; Europe to central Asia) }

{ Malaxis, genus_Malaxis, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (large genus of largely terrestrial orchids with one or a few plicate leaves and slender spikes or tiny mostly green flowers; cosmopolitan) }
{ green_adder's_mouth, Malaxis-unifolia, Malaxis_ophioglossoides, orchid,@ genus_Malaxis,#m (North American orchid having a solitary leaf and flowers with threadlike petals) }

{ genus_Masdevallia, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (large genus of tropical American mostly epiphytic orchids whose flowers have sepals fused at the base forming a tube; includes orchids sometimes placed in genera Dracula and Dryadella and Scaphosepalum) }
{ masdevallia, orchid,@ genus_Masdevallia,#m (any of numerous orchids of the genus Masdevallia; tufted evergreen often diminutive plants whose flowers in a remarkable range of colors usually resemble a tricorn with sepals fused at the base to form a tube) }

{ genus_Maxillaria, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (large genus of tropical American epiphytic orchids with persistent leathery leaves and single-flowered scapes) }
{ maxillaria, orchid,@ genus_Maxillaria,#m (any of numerous orchids of the genus Maxillaria often cultivated for their large brilliantly colored solitary flowers) }

{ Miltonia, genus_Miltonia, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (genus of tropical American orchids) }
{ pansy_orchid, orchid,@ genus_Miltonia,#m (any of various orchids of the genus Miltonia having solitary or loosely racemose showy broadly spreading flowers) }

{ genus_Odontoglossum, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (large and important genus of tropical American mostly epiphytic orchids; some of the most widely grown species are often placed in other genera) }
{ odontoglossum, orchid,@ genus_Odontoglossum,#m (any of numerous and diverse orchids of the genus Odontoglossum having racemes of few to many showy usually large flowers in many colors) }

{ genus_Oncidium, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (large genus of showy epiphytic or lithophytic or terrestrial orchids of tropical and subtropical America) }
{ oncidium, dancing_lady_orchid, butterfly_plant1, butterfly_orchid5, orchid,@ genus_Oncidium,#m (any orchid of the genus Oncidium: characterized by slender branching sprays of small yellow and brown flowers; often grown as houseplants) }

{ Ophrys, genus_Ophrys, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (a hardy genus of terrestrial orchids of Europe and northern Africa and western Asia) }
{ bee_orchid, Ophrys_apifera, orchid,@ (European orchid whose flowers resemble bumble bees in shape and color) }
{ fly_orchid1, Ophrys_insectifera, Ophrys_muscifera, orchid,@ (European orchid whose flowers resemble flies) }
{ spider_orchid, orchid,@ genus_Ophrys,#m (any of several European orchids of the genus Ophrys) }
{ early_spider_orchid, Ophrys_sphegodes, spider_orchid,@ (spring-blooming spider orchid having a flower with yellow or green or pink sepals and a broad brown velvety lip) }

{ Paphiopedilum, genus_Paphiopedilum, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (horticulturally important genus of mainly terrestrial orchids including many hybrids; southeastern Asia and Indonesia to Philippines and Solomon Islands; Paphiopedilum species sometimes included in genus Cypripedium) }
{ Venus'_slipper, Venus's_slipper, Venus's_shoe, orchid,@ genus_Paphiopedilum,#m (any of various orchids of the genus Paphiopedilum having slender flower stalks bearing 1 to several waxy flowers with pouchlike lips) }

{ genus_Phaius, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (genus of Asiatic and Australian terrestrial orchids) }
{ phaius, orchid,@ genus_Phaius,#m (an orchid of the genus Phaius having large plicate leaves and racemes of showy flowers) }
{ Phalaenopsis, genus_Phalaenopsis, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (genus of ornamental epiphytic orchids of Asia and Australia) }
{ moth_orchid, moth_plant, orchid,@ genus_Phalaenopsis,#m (any of various orchids of the genus Phalaenopsis having often drooping glossy broad obovate or oval leaves usually dark green flushed purple or mottled grey and silver) }
{ butterfly_plant2, Phalaenopsis_amabilis, moth_orchid,@ genus_Phalaenopsis,#m (orchid having large elliptic to obovate fleshy leaves and fragrant pink-and-white flowers dotted with red) }
{ Pholidota, genus_Pholidota, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (genus of mostly epiphytic orchids of Indonesia and the western Pacific) }
{ rattlesnake_orchid, orchid,@ genus_Pholidota,#m (any of various orchids of the genus Pholidota having numerous white to brown flowers in spiraling racemes clothed in slightly inflated bracts and resembling a rattlesnake's tail) }

{ Phragmipedium, genus_Phragmipedium, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (genus of tropical American orchid species often included in genus Cypripedium or Paphiopedilum and Selenipedium: lady slippers) }

{ Platanthera, genus_Platanthera, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (herbaceous terrestrial orchids of temperate northern and southern hemispheres) }
{ lesser_butterfly_orchid, Platanthera_bifolia, Habenaria_bifolia, orchid,@ genus_Platanthera,#m (south European orchid having fragrant greenish-white flowers; sometimes placed in genus Habenaria) }
{ greater_butterfly_orchid, Platanthera_chlorantha, Habenaria_chlorantha, orchid,@ genus_Platanthera,#m (south European orchid with dark green flowers that are larger and less fragrant than Platanthera bifolia; sometimes placed in genus Habenaria) }
{ prairie_white-fringed_orchid, Platanthera_leucophea, orchid,@ (of central North America; a threatened species) }

{ Plectorrhiza, genus_Plectorrhiza, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (small genus of Australian orchids) }
{ tangle_orchid, orchid,@ genus_Plectorrhiza,#m (an orchid of the genus Plectorrhiza having tangled roots and long wiry stems bearing lax racemes of small fragrant green flowers) }
{ Pleione, genus_Pleione, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (small genus of dwarf orchids; India to Thailand and Taiwan) }
{ Indian_crocus, orchid,@ genus_Pleione,#m (any of several dwarf orchids of the genus Pleione bearing one or two solitary white or pink to magenta or occasionally yellow flowers with slender stalks) }
{ genus_Pleurothallis, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (large genus of epiphytic or lithophytic orchids of tropical America) }
{ pleurothallis, orchid,@ genus_Pleurothallis,#m (any of numerous small tufted orchids of the genus Pleurothallis having leathery to fleshy leaves and racemes of 1 to many small flowers) }

{ genus_Pogonia, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (small but widely distributed genus of orchids closely related to genus Cleistes;: of damp or boggy areas of north temperate zone) }
{ pogonia, orchid,@ genus_Pogonia,#m (any hardy bog orchid of the genus Pogonia: terrestrial orchids having slender rootstocks and erect stems bearing one or a few leaves and a solitary terminal flower) }

{ Psychopsis, genus_Psychopsis, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (epiphytic orchids of Central and South America formerly included in genus Oncidium) }
{ butterfly_orchid1, orchid,@ genus_Psychopsis,#m (any orchid of the genus Psychopsis: spectacular large tiger-striped orchids) }
{ Psychopsis_krameriana, Oncidium_papilio_kramerianum, butterfly_orchid1,@ (orchid of South and Central America having flowers similar to but smaller than Psychopsis papilio; sometimes placed in genus Oncidium) }
{ Psychopsis_papilio, Oncidium_papilio, butterfly_orchid1,@ (orchid of South America and Trinidad having large yellow and reddish-brown flowers; sometimes placed in genus Oncidium) }

{ Pterostylis, genus_Pterostylis, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (genus of terrestrial orchids of Australia and New Zealand and western Pacific) }
{ helmet_orchid2, greenhood, orchid,@ genus_Pterostylis,#m (any of numerous orchids of the genus Pterostylis having leaves in a basal rosette and green flowers often striped purple or brown or red with the dorsal sepal incurved to form a hood) }

{ Rhyncostylis, genus_Rhyncostylis, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (genus of epiphytic orchids of tropical Asia) }
{ foxtail_orchid, orchid,@ genus_Rhyncostylis,#m (any of various orchids of the genus Rhyncostylis having pink- to purple-marked white flowers in a dense cylindrical raceme) }

{ Sarcochilus, genus_Sarcochilus, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (diminutive epiphytic or lithophytic orchids with clumped short-stemmed foliage and arching racemes of colorful flowers; Australia and Polynesia to southeastern Asia) }
{ orange-blossom_orchid, Sarcochilus_falcatus, orchid,@ genus_Sarcochilus,#m (diminutive Australian orchid with loose racemes of fragrant white flowers with purple and orange markings on the lip) }

{ Scaphosepalum, genus_Scaphosepalum, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (comprises some tropical American species usually placed in genus Masdevallia: diminutive plants with small flowers carried on one scape) }
{ Schomburgkia, genus_Schomburgkia, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (genus of tropical American epiphytic orchids with showy racemose flowers) }
{ Selenipedium, genus_Selenipedium, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (genus of tall reedlike tropical American orchids; includes species with pods used locally as a substitute for vanilla) }
{ genus_Sobralia, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (genus of tropical American orchids) }
{ sobralia, orchid,@ genus_Sobralia,#m (any of various showy orchids of the genus Sobralia having leafy stems and bright-colored solitary or racemose flowers similar to those of genus Cattleya) }

{ Spiranthes, genus_Spiranthes, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (large cosmopolitan genus of white-flowered terrestrial orchids) }
{ ladies'_tresses, lady's_tresses, orchid,@ genus_Spiranthes,#m (an orchid of the genus Spiranthes having slender often twisted spikes of white flowers) }
{ screw_augur, Spiranthes_cernua, ladies'_tresses,@ genus_Spiranthes,#m (an orchid of the genus Spiranthes having tall erect densely flowered spiraling clusters of creamy white vanilla-scented flowers; widely distributed especially in low damp places of eastern and central North America) }
{ hooded_ladies'_tresses, Spiranthes_romanzoffiana, ladies'_tresses,@ genus_Spiranthes,#m (orchid having dense clusters of gently spiraling creamy white flowers with 2 upper petals forming a hood; western North America) }
{ western_ladies'_tresses, Spiranthes_porrifolia, ladies'_tresses,@ genus_Spiranthes,#m (similar to Spiranthes romanzoffiana; western United States) }
{ European_ladies'_tresses, Spiranthes_spiralis, ladies'_tresses,@ genus_Spiranthes,#m (European orchid having shorter racemes of strongly spiraling snow-white flowers) }

{ genus_Stanhopea, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (genus of tropical American epiphytic orchids) }
{ stanhopea, orchid,@ genus_Stanhopea,#m (any of various orchids of the genus Stanhopea having a single large leaf and loose racemes of large fragrant flowers of various colors; Mexico to Brazil) }

{ genus_Stelis, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (genus of small caespitose orchids of tropical America) }
{ stelis, orchid,@ genus_Stelis,#m (any of various small tropical American orchids of the genus Stelis having long slender racemes of numerous small to minute flowers) }

{ Trichoceros, genus_Trichoceros, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (small genus of small epiphytic or terrestrial orchids of tropical South America) }
{ fly_orchid2, orchid,@ genus_Trichoceros,#m (any of several dwarf creeping orchids with small bizarre insect-like hairy flowers on slender stalks) }

{ genus_Vanda, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (genus of showy epiphytic orchids of Himalayas to Malaysia) }
{ vanda, orchid,@ genus_Vanda,#m (any of numerous showy orchids of the genus Vanda having many large flowers in loose racemes) }
{ blue_orchid, Vanda_caerulea, vanda,@ genus_Vanda,#m (famous orchid of northern India having large pale to deep lilac-blue flowers) }

{ genus_Vanilla, monocot_genus,@ family_Orchidaceae,#m (large genus of tropical climbing orchids; Old and New Worlds) }
{ vanilla, orchid,@ genus_Vanilla,#m (any of numerous climbing plants of the genus Vanilla having fleshy leaves and clusters of large waxy highly fragrant white or green or topaz flowers) }
{ vanilla_orchid, Vanilla_planifolia, vanilla,@ genus_Vanilla,#m (a climbing orchid bearing a podlike fruit yielding vanilla beans; widely cultivated from Florida southward throughout tropical America) }
{ vanillin, noun.substance:compound,@ noun.food:vanilla_bean,#s (a crystalline compound found in vanilla beans and some balsam resins; used in perfumes and flavorings) }

{ Burmanniaceae, family_Burmanniaceae, monocot_family,@ order_Orchidales,#m (family of chiefly tropical herbs with basal leaves like bracts and small flowers) }
{ Burmannia, genus_Burmannia, monocot_genus,@ family_Burmanniaceae,#m (type genus of the Burmanniaceae; slender herbs of warm regions with leaves resembling scales and flowers with a three-angled or three-winged perianth) }

(++complete)
{ Dioscoreaceae, family_Dioscoreaceae, yam_family, plant_family,@ order_Liliales,#m (yams) }
{ Dioscorea, genus_Dioscorea, plant_genus,@ yam_family,#m (yams) }
{ yam, yam_plant, vine,@ genus_Dioscorea,#m (any of a number of tropical vines of the genus Dioscorea many having edible tuberous roots) }
{ yam2, tuber,@ yam_plant,#p (edible tuber of any of several yams) }
{ white_yam, water_yam, Dioscorea_alata, yam,@ (grown in Australasia and Polynesia for its large root with fine edible white flesh) }
{ cinnamon_vine, Chinese_yam, Dioscorea_batata, yam,@ (hardy Chinese vine naturalized in United States and cultivated as an ornamental climber for its glossy heart-shaped cinnamon-scented leaves and in the tropics for its edible tubers) }
{ air_potato, Dioscorea_bulbifera, yam,@ (yam of tropical Africa and Asia cultivated for it large tubers) }
{ elephant's-foot2, tortoise_plant, Hottentot_bread_vine, Hottentot's_bread_vine, Dioscorea_elephantipes, vine,@ genus_Dioscorea,#m (South African vine having a massive rootstock covered with deeply fissured bark) }
{ Hottentot_bread, Hottentot's_bread, root,@ elephant's-foot2,#p (thick edible rootstock of elephant's-foot) }
{ wild_yam, Dioscorea_paniculata, vine,@ genus_Dioscorea,#m (having a rhizome formerly dried and used to treat rheumatism or liver disorders) }
{ cush-cush, Dioscorea_trifida, yam,@ (tropical American yam with small yellow edible tubers) }

{ Tamus, genus_Tamus, plant_genus,@ family_Dioscoreaceae,#m (a genus of tuberous vines of the family Dioscoreaceae; has twining stems and heart-shaped leaves and axillary racemes) }
{ black_bryony, black_bindweed, Tamus_communis, vine,@ genus_Tamus,#m (common European twining vine with tuberous roots and cordate leaves and red berries) }

{ Primulales, order_Primulales, plant_order,@ class_Dicotyledones,#m (Primulaceae; Theophrastaceae; Myrsinaceae; and (in some classifications) Plumbaginaceae) }
{ Primulaceae, family_Primulaceae, primrose_family, dicot_family,@ order_Primulales,#m (a dicotyledonous family of the order Primulales with a regular flower; widely distributed in the northern hemisphere) }
{ genus_Primula, dicot_genus,@ family_Primulaceae,#m (very large and important genus of plants of temperate Europe and Asia having showy flowers) }
{ primrose, primula, herb,@ genus_Primula,#m (any of numerous short-stemmed plants of the genus Primula having tufted basal leaves and showy flowers clustered in umbels or heads) }
{ English_primrose, Primula_vulgaris, primrose,@ (plant of western and southern Europe widely cultivated for its pale yellow flowers) }
{ cowslip, paigle1, Primula_veris, primrose,@ (early spring flower common in British isles having fragrant yellow or sometimes purple flowers) }
{ oxlip1, paigle2, Primula_elatior, primrose,@ (Eurasian primrose with yellow flowers clustered in a one-sided umbel) }
{ Chinese_primrose, Primula_sinensis, primrose,@ (cultivated Asiatic primrose) }
{ auricula, bear's_ear, Primula_auricula, primrose,@ (yellow-flowered primrose native to Alps; commonly cultivated) }
{ polyanthus, Primula_polyantha, primrose,@ (florists' primroses; considered a complex hybrid derived from oxlip, cowslip, and common primrose) }

{ Anagallis, genus_Anagallis, dicot_genus,@ family_Primulaceae,#m (chiefly Old World herbs) }
{ pimpernel, herb,@ genus_Anagallis,#m (any of several plants of the genus Anagallis) }
{ scarlet_pimpernel, red_pimpernel, poor_man's_weatherglass, Anagallis_arvensis, pimpernel,@ (herb with scarlet or white or purple blossoms that close at approach of rainy weather) }
{ bog_pimpernel, Anagallis_tenella, pimpernel,@ (small creeping European herb having delicate pink flowers) }

{ Centunculus, genus_Centunculus, dicot_genus,@ family_Primulaceae,#m (a dicotyledonous genus of the family Primulaceae) }
{ chaffweed, bastard_pimpernel, false_pimpernel, subshrub,@ genus_Centunculus,#m (weedy plant having short dry chafflike leaves) }

{ genus_Cyclamen, dicot_genus,@ family_Primulaceae,#m (genus of widely cultivated flowering Eurasian herbs with centrally depressed rounded tubers and rounded heart-shaped leaves) }
{ cyclamen, Cyclamen_purpurascens, flower,@ genus_Cyclamen,#m (Mediterranean plant widely cultivated as a houseplant for its showy dark green leaves splotched with silver and nodding white or pink to reddish flowers with reflexed petals) }
{ sowbread, Cyclamen_hederifolium, Cyclamen_neopolitanum, flower,@ genus_Cyclamen,#m (common wild European cyclamen with pink flowers) }

{ Glaux, genus_Glaux, dicot_genus,@ family_Primulaceae,#m (sea milkwort) }
{ sea_milkwort, sea_trifoly, black_saltwort, Glaux_maritima, herb,@ genus_Glaux,#m (a small fleshy herb common along North American seashores and in brackish marshes having pink or white flowers) }
{ Hottonia, genus_Hottonia, dicot_genus,@ family_Primulaceae,#m (aquatic herbs) }
{ featherfoil, feather-foil, aquatic_plant,@ genus_Hottonia,#m (a plant of the genus Hottonia) }
{ water_gillyflower, American_featherfoil, Hottonia_inflata, featherfoil,@ (a featherfoil of the eastern United States with submerged spongy inflated flower stalks and white flowers) }
{ water_violet, Hottonia_palustris, featherfoil,@ (featherfoil of Europe and western Asia having submerged and floating leaves and violet flowers) }

{ Lysimachia, genus_Lysimachia, dicot_genus,@ family_Primulaceae,#m (loosestrife: a cosmopolitan genus found in damp or swampy terrain having usually yellow flowers; inclined to be invasive) }
{ loosestrife2, herb,@ genus_Lysimachia,#m (any of various herbs and subshrubs of the genus Lysimachia) }
{ gooseneck_loosestrife, Lysimachia_clethroides_Duby, loosestrife2,@ (a variety of the loosestrife herb) }
{ yellow_pimpernel, Lysimachia_nemorum, loosestrife2,@ (trailing European evergreen with yellow flowers) }
{ fringed_loosestrife, Lysimachia_ciliatum, loosestrife2,@ (of North America) }
{ moneywort, creeping_Jenny, creeping_Charlie, Lysimachia_nummularia, loosestrife2,@ (a loosestrife vine) }
{ yellow_loosestrife, garden_loosestrife, Lysimachia_vulgaris, loosestrife2,@ (frequently considered a weed; Europe and Asia) }
{ swamp_candles, Lysimachia_terrestris, loosestrife2,@ (North American plant with spikes of yellow flowers, found in wet places) }
{ whorled_loosestrife, Lysimachia_quadrifolia, loosestrife2,@ (common North American yellow-flowered plant) }

{ Samolus, genus_Samolus, dicot_genus,@ family_Primulaceae,#m (genus of herbs usually growing in salt marshes: water pimpernels) }
{ water_pimpernel, aquatic_plant,@ genus_Samolus,#m (a white-flowered aquatic plant of the genus Samolus) }
{ brookweed1, Samolus_valerandii, water_pimpernel,@ (water pimpernel of Europe to China)}
{ brookweed2, Samolus_parviflorus, Samolus_floribundus, water_pimpernel,@ (American water pimpernel) }

{ Myrsinaceae, family_Myrsinaceae, myrsine_family, dicot_family,@ order_Primulales,#m (family of Old World tropical trees and shrubs; some in Florida) }
{ Myrsine, genus_Myrsine, dicot_genus,@ family_Myrsinaceae,#m (evergreen trees and shrubs having aromatic foliage; Africa; Asia (New Zealand)) }
{ Ardisia, genus_Ardisia, dicot_genus,@ family_Myrsinaceae,#m (tropical evergreen subshrubs (some climbers) to trees of Asia and Australasia to Americas) }
{ coralberry1, spiceberry, Ardisia_crenata, shrub,@ genus_Ardisia,#m (shrub with coral-red berries; Japan to northern India) }
{ marlberry, Ardisia_escallonoides, Ardisia_paniculata, shrub,@ genus_Ardisia,#m (tropical American shrub or small tree with brown wood and dark berries) }

{ Plumbaginales, order_Plumbaginales, plant_order,@ order_Primulales,#m (coextensive with the family Plumbaginaceae; usually included in order Primulales) }
{ [ Plumbaginaceae, adj.pert:plumbaginaceous,+ ] family_Plumbaginaceae, leadwort_family, sea-lavender_family, dicot_family,@ order_Primulales,#m (perennial herbs and shrubs and lianas; cosmopolitan especially in saltwater areas) }
{ genus_Plumbago, dicot_genus,@ family_Plumbaginaceae,#m (shrubs and herbs and woody vines of warm regions: leadwort) }
{ plumbago, herb,@ genus_Plumbago,#m (any plumbaginaceous plant of the genus Plumbago) }
{ leadwort, Plumbago_europaea, shrub,@ genus_Plumbago,#m (a plant of the genus Plumbago with blue flowers) }
{ Armeria, genus_Armeria, dicot_genus,@ family_Plumbaginaceae,#m (shrubby or herbaceous low-growing evergreen perennials) }
{ thrift, subshrub,@ genus_Armeria,#m (any of numerous sun-loving low-growing evergreens of the genus Armeria having round heads of pink or white flowers) }
{ cliff_rose, sea_pink, Armeria_maritima, thrift,@ (tufted thrift of seacoasts and mountains of north temperate zone; occasionally grown as a ground cover) }
{ Limonium, genus_Limonium, dicot_genus,@ family_Plumbaginaceae,#m (sea lavender) }
{ sea_lavender, marsh_rosemary, statice, subshrub,@ genus_Limonium,#m (any of various plants of the genus Limonium of temperate salt marshes having spikes of white or mauve flowers) }

{ Theophrastaceae, family_Theophrastaceae, dicot_family,@ order_Primulales,#m (family of mainly tropical American trees and shrubs similar to those of the Myrsinaceae; often included in the Myrsinaceae) }
{ Jacquinia, genus_Jacquinia, dicot_genus,@ family_Theophrastaceae,#m (sometimes placed in family Myrsinaceae) }
{ bracelet_wood, Jacquinia_armillaris, shrub,@ genus_Jacquinia,#m (small West Indian shrub or tree with hard glossy seeds patterned yellow and brown that are used to make bracelets) }
{ barbasco, joewood, Jacquinia_keyensis, shrub,@ genus_Jacquinia,#m (West Indian shrub or small tree having leathery saponaceous leaves and extremely hard wood) }

(==commelinid_monocot_family...)
{ Graminales, order_Graminales, plant_order,@ subclass_Commelinidae,#m (grasses; sedges; rushes) }
(==Gramineae very full but not entirely complete)
{ Gramineae, family_Gramineae, Graminaceae, family_Graminaceae, Poaceae, family_Poaceae, grass_family, monocot_family,@ order_Graminales,#m (the grasses: chiefly herbaceous but some woody plants including cereals; bamboo; reeds; sugar cane) }
{ gramineous_plant, graminaceous_plant, herb,@ family_Graminaceae,#m (cosmopolitan herbaceous or woody plants with hollow jointed stems and long narrow leaves) }
{ [ grass, adj.all:grassy,+ verb.contact:grass2,+ verb.contact:grass,+ verb.consumption:grass,+ ] gramineous_plant,@ (narrow-leaved green herbage: grown as lawns; used as pasture for grazing animals; cut and dried as hay) }
{ beach_grass, grass,@ (tough grasses with strong roots that can grow on exposed sandy shores) }
{ bunchgrass, bunch_grass, grass,@ (any of various grasses of many genera that grow in tufts or clumps rather than forming a sod or mat; chiefly of western United States) }
{ midgrass, grass,@ (any of various grasses of moderate height which covered the undisturbed prairie in the United States; includes most of the forage grasses of the temperate zone) }
{ shortgrass, short-grass, grass,@ (any of various grasses that are short and can tolerate drought conditions; common on the dry upland plains just east of the Rocky Mountains) }
{ sword_grass, grass,@ (any of various grasses or sedges having sword-shaped leaves with sharp edges) }
{ tallgrass, tall-grass, grass,@ (any of various grasses that are tall and that flourish with abundant moisture) }
{ lemongrass, lemon_grass, grass,@ (a tropical grass native to India and Sri Lanka) }
{ herbage, pasturage, herbaceous_plant,@ (succulent herbaceous vegetation of pasture land) }

{ Aegilops, genus_Aegilops, monocot_genus,@ family_Gramineae,#m (goat grass) }
{ goat_grass, Aegilops_triuncalis, grass,@ genus_Aegilops,#m (European grass naturalized as a weed in North America; sharp-pointed seeds cause injury when eaten by livestock) }

{ Agropyron, genus_Agropyron, monocot_genus,@ family_Gramineae,#m (perennial grasses of temperate and cool regions: wheatgrass; dog grass) }
{ wheatgrass, wheat-grass, grass,@ genus_Agropyron,#m (a grass of the genus Agropyron) }
{ crested_wheatgrass, crested_wheat_grass, fairway_crested_wheat_grass, Agropyron_cristatum, wheatgrass,@ (Eurasian grass grown in United States great plains area for forage and erosion control) }
{ dog_grass1, couch_grass, quackgrass, quack_grass, quick_grass, witch_grass2, witchgrass2, Agropyron_repens, wheatgrass,@ (European grass spreading rapidly by creeping rhizomes; naturalized in North America as a weed) }
{ bearded_wheatgrass, Agropyron_subsecundum, wheatgrass,@ (a wheatgrass with straight terminal awns on the flowering glumes) }
{ western_wheatgrass, bluestem_wheatgrass, Agropyron_smithii, wheatgrass,@ (valuable forage grass of western United States) }
{ intermediate_wheatgrass, Agropyron_intermedium, Elymus_hispidus, wheatgrass,@ (Asiatic grass introduced into United States rangelands for pasture and fodder) }
{ slender_wheatgrass, Agropyron_trachycaulum, Agropyron_pauciflorum, Elymus_trachycaulos, wheatgrass,@ (North American grass cultivated in western United States as excellent forage crop) }

{ Agrostis, genus_Agrostis, plant_genus,@ family_Gramineae,#m (annual or perennial grasses cosmopolitan in northern hemisphere: bent grass (so named from `bent' meaning an area of unfenced grassland)) }
{ bent, bent_grass, bent-grass, grass,@ genus_Agrostis,#m (grass for pastures and lawns especially bowling and putting greens) }
{ velvet_bent, velvet_bent_grass, brown_bent, Rhode_Island_bent, dog_bent, Agrostis_canina, bent_grass,@ (common grass with slender stems and narrow leaves) }
{ cloud_grass, Agrostis_nebulosa, bent_grass,@ (Spanish grass with light feathery panicles grown for dried bouquets) }
{ creeping_bent, creeping_bentgrass, Agrostis_palustris, bent_grass,@ (common pasture or lawn grass spread by long runners) }

{ Alopecurus, genus_Alopecurus, monocot_genus,@ family_Gramineae,#m (annual or perennial grasses including decorative and meadow species as well as notorious agricultural weeds) }
{ meadow_foxtail, Alopecurus_pratensis, foxtail,@ genus_Alopecurus,#m (stout erect perennial grass of northern parts of Old World having silky flowering spikes; widely cultivated for pasture and hay; naturalized in North America) }
{ foxtail, foxtail_grass, meadow_grass,@ (grasses of the genera Alopecurus and Setaria having dense silky or bristly brushlike flowering spikes) }

{ Andropogon, genus_Andropogon, monocot_genus,@ family_Gramineae,#m (tall annual or perennial grasses with spikelike racemes; warm regions) }
{ broom_grass, grass,@ genus_Andropogon,#m (any of several grasses of the genus Andropogon; used in broom making) }
{ broom_sedge, Andropogon_virginicus, broom_grass,@ (tall tufted grass of southeastern United States) }

{ Arrhenatherum, genus_Arrhenatherum, plant_genus,@ family_Gramineae,#m (oat grass) }
{ tall_oat_grass, tall_meadow_grass, evergreen_grass, false_oat, French_rye, Arrhenatherum_elatius, grass,@ genus_Arrhenatherum,#m (coarse perennial Eurasian grass resembling oat; found on roadside verges and rough grassland and in hay meadows; introduced in North America for forage) }

{ Arundo, genus_Arundo, monocot_genus,@ family_Gramineae,#m (any of several coarse tall perennial grasses of most warm areas: reeds) }
{ toetoe1, toitoi, Arundo_conspicua, Chionochloa_conspicua, reed,@ (used by Maoris for thatching) }
{ giant_reed, Arundo_donax, reed,@ genus_Arundo,#m (large rhizomatous perennial grasses found by riversides and in ditches having jointed stems and large grey-white feathery panicles) }

{ Avena, genus_Avena, plant_genus,@ family_Gramineae,#m (oats) }
{ oat, cereal_grass,@ genus_Avena,#m (annual grass of Europe and North Africa; grains used as food and fodder (referred to primarily in the plural: `oats')) }
{ cereal_oat, Avena_sativa, oat,@ (widely cultivated in temperate regions for its edible grains) }
{ wild_oat, wild_oat_grass, Avena_fatua, oat,@ (common in meadows and pastures) }
{ slender_wild_oat, Avena_barbata, oat,@ (oat of southern Europe and southwestern Asia) }
{ wild_red_oat, animated_oat, Avene_sterilis, oat,@ (Mediterranean oat held to be progenitor of modern cultivated oat) }

{ Bromus, genus_Bromus, monocot_genus,@ family_Gramineae,#m (a genus of grasses of the family Gramineae) }
{ brome, bromegrass, grass,@ genus_Bromus,#m (any of various woodland and meadow grasses of the genus Bromus; native to temperate regions) }
{ awnless_bromegrass, Bromus_inermis, bromegrass,@ (drought-resistant perennial with awns lacking or very short and long creeping rhizomes; Europe and temperate Asia) }
{ chess, cheat2, Bromus_secalinus, bromegrass,@ (weedy annual native to Europe but widely distributed as a weed especially in wheat) }
{ downy_brome, downy_bromegrass, downy_cheat, downy_chess, cheatgrass, drooping_brome, Bromus_tectorum, bromegrass,@ (annual or winter annual grass with softly hairy leaves of the Mediterranean) }
{ field_brome, Bromus_arvensis, bromegrass,@ (annual grass of Europe and temperate Asia) }
{ Japanese_brome, Japanese_chess, Bromus_japonicus, bromegrass,@ (grass of Mediterranean and temperate Asia) }

{ Bouteloua, genus_Bouteloua, monocot_genus,@ family_Gramineae,#m (forage grasses) }
{ grama, grama_grass, gramma, gramma_grass, grass,@ genus_Bouteloua,#m (pasture grass of plains of South America and western North America) }
{ blue_grama, Bouteloua_gracilis, grama,@ (a pasture grass of western North America) }
{ black_grama, Bouteloua_eriopoda, grama,@ (a pasture grass (especially of western coastal regions of North America)) }
{ Buchloe, genus_Buchloe, monocot_genus,@ family_Gramineae,#m (buffalo grass) }
{ buffalo_grass, Buchloe_dactyloides, grass,@ genus_Buchloe,#m (short grass growing on dry plains of central United States (where buffalo roam)) }

{ Calamagrostis, genus_Calamagrostis, monocot_genus,@ family_Gramineae,@ (reed grass) }
{ reed_grass, grass,@ genus_Calamagrostis,#m (any of various tall perennial grasses of the genus Calamagrostis having feathery plumes; natives of marshland fens and wet woodlands of temperate northern hemisphere) }
{ feather_reed_grass, feathertop2, Calamagrostis_acutiflora, reed_grass,@ (a variety of reed grass) }
{ Australian_reed_grass, Calamagrostic_quadriseta, reed_grass,@ (tall Australian reedlike grass sometimes used for hay) }

{ Cenchrus, genus_Cenchrus, monocot_genus,@ family_Gramineae,#m (a genus of grasses of the family Gramineae that have burs) }
{ burgrass, bur_grass, grass,@ genus_Cenchrus,#m (a grass of the genus Cenchrus) }
{ sandbur, sandspur, field_sandbur, Cenchrus_tribuloides, grass,@ genus_Cenchrus,#m (grass of the eastern United States and tropical America having spikelets enclosed in prickly burs) }
{ buffel_grass, Cenchrus_ciliaris, Pennisetum_cenchroides, burgrass,@ (erect tussock-forming perennial bur grass used particularly in South Africa and Australia for pasture and forage) }

{ Chloris, genus_Chloris, monocot_genus,@ family_Gramineae,#m (tufted or perennial or annual grasses having runners: finger grass; windmill grass) }
{ finger_grass1, grass,@ (any grass of the genus Chloris; occurs in short grassland especially on waste ground or poor soils) }
{ Rhodes_grass, Chloris_gayana, finger_grass1,@ (perennial grass of South Africa introduced into United States; cultivated as forage grass in dry regions) }
{ windmill_grass, creeping_windmill_grass, star_grass2, Chloris_truncata, finger_grass1,@ (perennial Australian grass having numerous long spikes arranged like the vanes of a windmill) }

{ Cortaderia, genus_Cortaderia, monocot_genus,@ family_Gramineae,#m (tall ornamental grasses of South America and New Zealand and New Guinea: pampas grass) }
{ pampas_grass, Cortaderia_selloana, grass,@ genus_Cortaderia,#m (tall perennial grass of pampas of South America having silvery plumes and growing in large dense clumps) }
{ plumed_tussock, toe_toe, toetoe2, Cortaderia_richardii, Arundo_richardii, grass,@ (tall grass of New Zealand grown for plumelike flower heads) }

{ Cynodon, genus_Cynodon, monocot_genus,@ family_Gramineae,#m (creeping perennial grasses of tropical and southern Africa) }
{ Bermuda_grass, devil_grass, Bahama_grass, kweek, doob, scutch_grass, star_grass1, Cynodon_dactylon, grass,@ genus_Cynodon,#m (trailing grass native to Europe now cosmopolitan in warm regions; used for lawns and pastures especially in southern United States and India) }
{ giant_star_grass, Cynodon_plectostachyum, grass,@ genus_Cynodon,#m (perennial grass having stems 3 to 4 feet high; used especially in Africa and India for pasture and hay) }

{ Dactylis, genus_Dactylis, monocot_genus,@ family_Gramineae,#m (a monocotyledonous grass of the family Gramineae (has only one species)) }
{ orchard_grass, cocksfoot, cockspur2, Dactylis_glomerata, grass,@ (widely grown stout Old World hay and pasture grass) }

{ Dactyloctenium, genus_Dactyloctenium, monocot_genus,@ family_Gramineae,#m (a monocotyledonous genus of the family Gramineae) }
{ Egyptian_grass, crowfoot_grass, Dactyloctenium_aegypticum, crabgrass,@ (a creeping grass with spikes like fingers) }

{ Digitaria, genus_Digitaria, monocot_genus,@ family_Gramineae,#m (crab grass; finger grass) }
{ crabgrass, crab_grass, finger_grass2, grass,@ genus_Digitaria,#m (grasses with creeping stems that root freely; a pest in lawns) }
{ smooth_crabgrass, Digitaria_ischaemum, crabgrass,@ (a weed) }
{ large_crabgrass, hairy_finger_grass, Digitaria_sanguinalis, crabgrass,@ (a European forage grass grown for hay; a naturalized weed in United States) }

{ Echinochloa, genus_Echinochloa, monocot_genus,@ family_Gramineae,#m (annual or perennial succulent grasses of warm regions) }
{ barnyard_grass, barn_grass, barn_millet, Echinochloa_crusgalli, millet,@ genus_Echinochloa,#m (a coarse annual panic grass; a cosmopolitan weed; occasionally used for hay or grazing) }
{ Japanese_millet, billion-dollar_grass, Japanese_barnyard_millet, sanwa_millet, Echinochloa_frumentacea, millet,@ genus_Echinochloa,#m (coarse annual grass cultivated in Japan and southeastern Asia for its edible seeds and for forage; important wildlife food in United States) }

{ Eleusine, genus_Eleusine, monocot_genus,@ family_Gramineae,#m (annual and perennial grasses of savannas and upland grasslands) }
{ yardgrass, yard_grass, wire_grass1, goose_grass2, Eleusine_indica, millet,@ genus_Eleusine,#m (coarse annual grass having fingerlike spikes of flowers; native to Old World tropics; a naturalized weed elsewhere) }
{ finger_millet, ragi, ragee, African_millet, coracan, corakan, kurakkan, Eleusine_coracana, millet,@ genus_Eleusine,#m (East Indian cereal grass whose seed yield a somewhat bitter flour, a staple in the Orient) }

{ Elymus, genus_Elymus, monocot_genus,@ family_Gramineae,#m (tall tufted perennial grasses (such as lyme grass or wild rye)) }
{ lyme_grass, grass,@ genus_Elymus,#m (a grass of the genus Elymus) }
{ wild_rye, grass,@ genus_Elymus,#m (any of several grasses of the genus Elymus) }
{ giant_ryegrass, Elymus_condensatus, Leymus_condensatus, lyme_grass,@ (stout perennial grass of western North America) }
{ sea_lyme_grass, European_dune_grass, Elymus_arenarius, Leymus_arenaria, lyme_grass,@ (a dune grass of the Pacific seacoast used as a sand binder) }
{ Canada_wild_rye, Elymus_canadensis, wild_rye,@ (North American wild rye) }
{ medusa's_head2, Elymus_caput-medusae, wild_rye,@ (weedy rye grass having long bristling awns) }

{ Eragrostis, genus_Eragrostis, monocot_genus,@ family_Gramineae,#m (annual or perennial grasses of tropics and subtropics) }
{ love_grass, bay_grass, grass,@ genus_Eragrostis,#m (any of various grasses of the genus Eragrostis; specially useful for forage and for the prevention of erosion) }
{ teff, teff_grass, Eragrostis_tef, Eragrostic_abyssinica, love_grass,@ (an African grass economically important as a cereal grass (yielding white flour of good quality) as well as for forage and hay) }
{ weeping_love_grass, African_love_grass, Eragrostis_curvula, love_grass,@ (perennial South African grass having densely clumped flimsy stems; introduced into United States especially for erosion control) }

{ Erianthus, genus_Erianthus, monocot_genus,@ family_Gramineae,#m (genus of reedlike grasses having spikes crowded in a panicle covered with long silky hairs) }
{ plume_grass, grass,@ genus_Erianthus,#m (a reedlike grass of the genus Erianthus having large plumes) }
{ Ravenna_grass, wool_grass1, Erianthus_ravennae, plume_grass,@ genus_Erianthus,#m (grass often cultivated for its long white-ribbed leaves and large plumes resembling those of pampas grass) }

{ Festuca, genus_Festuca, monocot_genus,@ family_Gramineae,#m (a genus of tufted perennial grasses of the family Gramineae) }
{ fescue, fescue_grass, meadow_fescue, Festuca_elatior, grass,@ genus_Festuca,#m (grass with wide flat leaves cultivated in Europe and America for permanent pasture and hay and for lawns) }
{ sheep_fescue, sheep's_fescue, Festuca_ovina, grass,@ genus_Festuca,#m (cultivated for sheep pasturage in upland regions or used as a lawn grass) }
{ silver_grass, grass,@ genus_Festuca,#m (of Australia and New Zealand) }

{ Glyceria, genus_Glyceria, monocot_genus,@ family_Gramineae,#m (manna grass) }
{ manna_grass, sweet_grass, meadow_grass,@ genus_Glyceria,#m (any of several moisture-loving grasses of the genus Glyceria having sweet flavor or odor) }
{ reed_meadow_grass, Glyceria_grandis, manna_grass,@ (a pasture grass of moist places throughout North America) }

{ Holcus, genus_Holcus, monocot_genus,@ family_Gramineae,#m (a genus of Old World grasses widely cultivated in America) }
{ velvet_grass, Yorkshire_fog, Holcus_lanatus, grass,@ (tall European perennial grass having a velvety stem; naturalized in United States and used for forage) }
{ creeping_soft_grass, Holcus_mollis, grass,@ (European perennial grass with soft velvety foliage) }

{ Hordeum, genus_Hordeum, monocot_genus,@ family_Gramineae,#m (annual to perennial grasses of temperate northern hemisphere and South America: barley) }
{ barley, cereal_grass,@ genus_Hordeum,#m (cultivated since prehistoric times; grown for forage and grain) }
{ common_barley, Hordeum_vulgare, barley,@ (grass yielding grain used for breakfast food and animal feed and in malt beverages) }
{ barleycorn, grain,@ common_barley,#p (a grain of barley) }
{ barley_grass, wall_barley, Hordeum_murinum, barley,@ (European annual grass often found as a weed in waste ground especially along roadsides and hedgerows) }
{ squirreltail_barley, foxtail_barley, squirreltail_grass, Hordeum_jubatum, barley,@ (barley grown for its highly ornamental flower heads with delicate long silky awns; North America and northeastern Asia) }
{ little_barley, Hordeum_pusillum, barley,@ (annual barley native to western North America and widespread in southern United States and tropical America) }

{ Leymus, genus_Leymus, monocot_genus,@ family_Gramineae,#m (genus that in some classifications overlaps the genus Elymus) }

{ Lolium, genus_Lolium, monocot_genus,@ family_Gramineae,#m (darnel; ryegrass) }
{ rye_grass, ryegrass, grass,@ genus_Lolium,#m (any of several annual or perennial Eurasian grasses) }
{ perennial_ryegrass, English_ryegrass, Lolium_perenne, ryegrass,@ (European perennial grass widely cultivated for pasture and hay and as a lawn grass) }
{ Italian_ryegrass, Italian_rye, Lolium_multiflorum, ryegrass,@ (European grass much used for hay and in United States also for turf and green manure) }
{ darnel, tare2, bearded_darnel, cheat1, Lolium_temulentum, ryegrass,@ (weedy annual grass often occurs in grainfields and other cultivated land; seeds sometimes considered poisonous) }

{ Muhlenbergia, genus_Muhlenbergia, monocot_genus,@ family_Gramineae,#m (a genus of grasses of the family Gramineae grown in America and Asia) }
{ nimblewill, nimble_Will, Muhlenbergia_schreberi, grass,@ genus_Muhlenbergia,#m (slender branching American grass of some value for grazing in central United States) }

{ Oryza, genus_Oryza, monocot_genus,@ family_Gramineae,#m (rice) }
{ rice, cereal_grass,@ genus_Oryza,#m (annual or perennial rhizomatous marsh grasses; seed used for food; straw used for paper) }
{ cultivated_rice, Oryza_sativa, rice,@ (yields the staple food of 50 percent of world's population) }
{ Oryzopsis, genus_Oryzopsis, monocot_genus,@ family_Gramineae,#m (rice grass) }
{ ricegrass, rice_grass, cereal_grass,@ genus_Oryzopsis,#m (any grass of the genus Oryzopsis) }
{ mountain_rice, silkgrass, silk_grass, Indian_millet2, Oryzopsis_hymenoides, ricegrass,@ (valuable forage grass of dry upland areas and plains of western North America to northern Mexico) }
{ smilo, smilo_grass, Oryzopsis_miliacea, ricegrass,@ (perennial mountain rice native to Mediterranean region and introduced into North America) }

{ Panicum, genus_Panicum, monocot_genus,@ family_Gramineae,#m (panic grass) }
{ panic_grass, millet,@ genus_Panicum,#m (any grass of the genus Panicum; grown for grain and fodder) }
{ witchgrass1, witch_grass1, old_witchgrass, old_witch_grass, tumble_grass, Panicum_capillare, panic_grass,@ (North American grass with slender brushy panicles; often a weed on cultivated land) }
{ switch_grass, Panicum_virgatum, panic_grass,@ (grass of western America used for hay) }
{ broomcorn_millet, hog_millet, Panicum_miliaceum, panic_grass,@ (extensively cultivated in Europe and Asia for its grain and in United States sometimes for forage) }
{ goose_grass1, Texas_millet, Panicum_Texanum, panic_grass,@ (annual weedy grass used for hay) }

{ genus_Paspalum, monocot_genus,@ family_Gramineae,#m (a genus of perennial grasses of warm regions) }
{ dallisgrass, dallis_grass, paspalum, Paspalum_dilatatum, grass,@ genus_Paspalum,#m (tall tufted perennial tropical American grass naturalized as pasture and forage grass in southern United States) }
{ Bahia_grass, Paspalum_notatum, grass,@ genus_Paspalum,#m (perennial tropical American grass used as pasture grass in arid areas of the Gulf States) }
{ knotgrass1, Paspalum_distichum, grass,@ genus_Paspalum,#m (low-growing weedy grass with spikelets along the leaf stems) }

{ Pennisetum, genus_Pennisetum, monocot_genus,@ family_Gramineae,#m (a genus of Old World grasses) }
{ pearl_millet, bulrush_millet, cattail_millet, Pennisetum_glaucum, Pennisetum_Americanum, cereal_grass,@ genus_Pennisetum,#m (tall grass having cattail like spikes; grown in Africa and Asia for its grain and in the United States chiefly for forage; sometimes used in making beer) }
{ fountain_grass, Pennisetum_ruppelii, Pennisetum_setaceum, grass,@ genus_Pennisetum,#m (tall perennial ornamental grass with long nodding flower plumes of tropical Africa and Asia) }
{ feathertop1, feathertop_grass, Pennistum_villosum, grass,@ genus_Pennisetum,#m (northeastern tropical African plant having feathery panicles) }
{ Phalaris, genus_Phalaris, monocot_genus,@ family_Gramineae,#m (a genus of grasses with broad leaves and a dense spike of flowers) }
{ reed_canary_grass, gardener's_garters, lady's_laces, ribbon_grass, Phalaris_arundinacea, grass,@ genus_Phalaris,#m (perennial grass of marshy meadows and ditches having broad leaves; Europe and North America) }
{ canary_grass, birdseed_grass, Phalaris_canariensis, grass,@ genus_Phalaris,#m (Canary Islands grass; seeds used as feed for caged birds) }
{ hardinggrass, Harding_grass, toowomba_canary_grass, Phalaris_aquatica, Phalaris_tuberosa, grass,@ genus_Phalaris,#m (perennial grass of Australia and South Africa; introduced in North America as forage grass) }

{ Phleum, genus_Phleum, monocot_genus,@ family_Gramineae,#m (grasses native to temperate regions) }
{ timothy, herd's_grass, Phleum_pratense, grass,@ genus_Phleum,#m (grass with long cylindrical spikes grown in northern United States and Europe for hay) }

{ Phragmites, genus_Phragmites, monocot_genus,@ family_Gramineae,#m (reeds of marshes and riversides in tropical or temperate regions) }
{ ditch_reed, common_reed, carrizo, Phragmites_communis, reed,@ genus_Phragmites,#m (tall North American reed having relative wide leaves and large plumelike panicles; widely distributed in moist areas; used for mats, screens and arrow shafts) }

{ Poa, genus_Poa, monocot_genus,@ family_Gramineae,#m (chiefly perennial grasses of cool temperate regions) }
{ bluegrass, blue_grass, grass,@ genus_Poa,#m (any of various grasses of the genus Poa) }
{ meadowgrass, meadow_grass, grass,@ family_Gramineae,#m (any of various grasses that thrive in the presence of abundant moisture) }
{ Kentucky_bluegrass, Kentucky_blue, Kentucy_blue_grass, June_grass, Poa_pratensis, bluegrass,@ genus_Poa,#m (valuable meadow and pasture grass in Europe and especially central United States having tall stalks and slender bright green leaves; a chief constituent in lawn grass mixtures) }
{ wood_meadowgrass, Poa_nemoralis, Agrostis_alba, meadow_grass,@ genus_Poa,#m (slender European grass of shady places; grown also in northeastern America and temperate Asia) }

{ Saccharum, genus_Saccharum, monocot_genus,@ family_Gramineae,#m (tall perennial reedlike grass originally of southeastern Asia: sugarcane) }
{ sugarcane, sugar_cane, Saccharum_officinarum, gramineous_plant,@ genus_Saccharum,#m (tall tropical southeast Asian grass having stout fibrous jointed stalks; sap is a chief source of sugar) }
{ sugarcane2, sugar_cane2, cane,@ sugarcane,#p (juicy canes whose sap is a source of molasses and commercial sugar; fresh canes are sometimes chewed for the juice) }
{ noble_cane, sugarcane,@ (sugarcanes representing the highest development of the species; characterized by large juicy stalks with soft rinds and high sugar content) }
{ munj, munja, Saccharum_bengalense, Saccharum_munja, grass,@ genus_Saccharum,#m (tough Asiatic grass whose culms are used for ropes and baskets) }

{ Schizachyrium, genus_Schizachyrium, monocot_genus,@ family_Gramineae,#m (overlaps the genus Andropogon) }
{ broom_beard_grass, prairie_grass, wire_grass2, Andropogon_scoparius, Schizachyrium_scoparium, broom_grass,@ (handsome hardy North American grass with foliage turning pale bronze in autumn) }
{ bluestem, blue_stem, Andropogon_furcatus, Andropogon_gerardii, grass,@ (tall grass with smooth bluish leaf sheaths grown for hay in the United States) }

{ Secale, genus_Secale, monocot_genus,@ family_Gramineae,#m (cereal grass widely cultivated for its grain: rye) }
{ rye, Secale_cereale, cereal_grass,@ genus_Secale,#m (hardy annual cereal grass widely cultivated in northern Europe where its grain is the chief ingredient of black bread and in North America for forage and soil improvement) }

{ Setaria, genus_Setaria, monocot_genus,@ family_Gramineae,#m (annual or perennial grasses of warm regions: bristlegrasses) }
{ bristlegrass, bristle_grass, foxtail,@ genus_Setaria,#m (grasses of grasslands and woodlands having large gracefully arching spikes with long bristles beneath each spikelet) }
{ giant_foxtail, foxtail,@ (two species of coarse annual foxtails that are naturalized weeds in United States) }
{ yellow_bristlegrass, yellow_bristle_grass, yellow_foxtail, glaucous_bristlegrass, Setaria_glauca, foxtail,@ (common weedy and bristly grass found in nearly all temperate areas) }
{ green_bristlegrass, green_foxtail, rough_bristlegrass, bottle-grass, bottle_grass, Setaria_viridis, foxtail,@ (European foxtail naturalized in North America; often a troublesome weed) }
{ foxtail_millet, Italian_millet, Hungarian_grass, Setaria_italica, foxtail,@ genus_Setaria,#m (coarse drought-resistant annual grass grown for grain, hay, and forage in Europe and Asia and chiefly for forage and hay in United States) }
{ Siberian_millet, Setaria_italica_rubrofructa, foxtail_millet,@ (millet having orange to reddish grains in long bristly spikes) }
{ German_millet, golden_wonder_millet, Setaria_italica_stramineofructa, foxtail_millet,@ (millet having yellow grains in large drooping spikes) }

{ millet, cereal_grass,@ family_Gramineae,#m (any of various small-grained annual cereal and forage grasses of the genera Panicum, Echinochloa, Setaria, Sorghum, and Eleusine) }

{ cane, stem,@ (a strong slender often flexible stem as of bamboos, reeds, rattans, or sugar cane) }
{ rattan2, rattan_cane, cane,@ (the stem of various climbing palms of the genus Calamus and related genera used to make wickerwork and furniture and canes) }
{ malacca, cane,@ rattan_palm,#p (stem of the rattan palm used for making canes and umbrella handles) }
{ [ reed, adj.all:thin3^reedy,+ ] gramineous_plant,@ (tall woody perennial grasses with hollow slender stems especially of the genera Arundo and Phragmites) }

{ genus_Sorghum, Sorghum1, monocot_genus,@ family_Gramineae,#m (annual or perennial tropical and subtropical cereal grasses: sorghum) }
{ sorghum, millet,@ genus_Sorghum,#m (economically important Old World tropical cereal grass) }
{ great_millet, kaffir, kafir_corn, kaffir_corn, Sorghum_bicolor, sorghum,@ (important for human and animal food; growth habit and stem form similar to Indian corn but having sawtooth-edged leaves) }
{ grain_sorghum, sorghum,@ (any of several sorghums cultivated primarily for grain) }
{ durra, doura, dourah, Egyptian_corn, Indian_millet1, Guinea_corn, grain_sorghum,@ (sorghums of dry regions of Asia and North Africa) }
{ feterita, federita, Sorghum_vulgare_caudatum, grain_sorghum,@ (a Sudanese sorghum having exceptionally large soft white grains) }
{ hegari, grain_sorghum,@ (Sudanese sorghums having white seeds; one variety grown in southwestern United States) }
{ kaoliang, grain_sorghum,@ (sorghums of China and Manchuria having small white or brown grains (used for food) and dry pithy stalks (used for fodder, fuel and thatching)) }
{ milo, milo_maize, grain_sorghum,@ (small drought-resistant sorghums having large yellow or whitish grains) }
{ shallu, Sorghum_vulgare_rosburghii, grain_sorghum,@ (sorghum having slender dry stalks and small hard grains; introduced into United States from India) }
{ sorgo, sorgho, sweet_sorghum, sugar_sorghum, sorghum,@ (any of several sorghums cultivated as a source of syrup) }
{ Johnson_grass, Aleppo_grass, means_grass, evergreen_millet, Sorghum_halepense, sorghum,@ (tall perennial grass that spreads by creeping rhizomes and is grown for fodder; naturalized in southern United States where it is a serious pest on cultivated land) }
{ broomcorn, Sorghum_vulgare_technicum, sorghum,@ (tall grasses grown for the elongated stiff-branched panicle used for brooms and brushes) }

{ Spartina, genus_Spartina, monocot_genus,@ family_Gramineae,#m (grass of freshwater swamps and salt marshes of Europe, Africa, America, and South Atlantic islands) }
{ cordgrass, cord_grass, grass,@ genus_Spartina,#m (any of several perennial grasses of the genus Spartina; some important as coastal soil binders) }
{ salt_reed_grass, Spartina_cynosuroides, cordgrass,@ (tall reedlike grass common in salt meadows) }
{ prairie_cordgrass, freshwater_cordgrass, slough_grass, Spartina_pectinmata, cordgrass,@ (North American cordgrass having leaves with dry membranous margins and glumes with long awns) }

{ Sporobolus, genus_Sporobolus, monocot_genus,@ family_Gramineae,#m (cosmopolitan annual and perennial grasses (as dropseed or rush grass)) }
{ dropseed, drop-seed, grass,@ genus_Sporobolus,#m (a grass of the genus Sporobolus) }
{ smut_grass, blackseed, carpet_grass, Sporobolus_poiretii, dropseed,@ genus_Sporobolus,#m (grass native to West Indies but common in southern United States having tufted wiry stems often infested with a dark fungus) }
{ sand_dropseed, Sporobolus_cryptandrus, dropseed,@ (erect smooth grass of sandy places in eastern North America) }
{ rush_grass, rush-grass, grass,@ genus_Sporobolus,#m (grass having wiry stems and sheathed panicles) }

{ Stenotaphrum, genus_Stenotaphrum, monocot_genus,@ family_Gramineae,#m (lawn grasses) }
{ St._Augustine_grass, Stenotaphrum_secundatum, buffalo_grass2, grass,@ genus_Stenotaphrum,#m (low mat-forming grass of southern United States and tropical America; grown as a lawn grass) }

{ grain1, cereal,@ (a cereal grass; "wheat is a grain that is grown in Kansas") }
{ [ cereal, adj.pert:cereal,+ ] cereal_grass, grass,@ (grass whose starchy grains are used as food: wheat; rice; rye; oats; maize; buckwheat; millet) }

{ Triticum, genus_Triticum, monocot_genus,@ family_Gramineae,#m (annual cereal grasses from Mediterranean area; widely cultivated in temperate regions) }
{ wheat, cereal_grass,@ genus_Triticum,#m (annual or biennial grass having erect flower spikes and light brown grains) }
{ wheat_berry, grain,@ wheat,#p (a grain of wheat) }
{ durum, durum_wheat, hard_wheat, Triticum_durum, Triticum_turgidum, macaroni_wheat, wheat,@ (wheat with hard dark-colored kernels high in gluten and used for bread and pasta; grown especially in southern Russia, North Africa, and northern central North America) }
{ soft_wheat, wheat,@ (wheat with soft starch kernels used in pastry and breakfast cereals) }
{ common_wheat, Triticum_aestivum, wheat,@ (widely cultivated in temperate regions in many varieties for its commercially important grain) }
{ spelt, Triticum_spelta, Triticum_aestivum_spelta, wheat,@ (hardy wheat grown mostly in Europe for livestock feed) }
{ emmer, starch_wheat, two-grain_spelt, Triticum_dicoccum, wheat,@ (hard red wheat grown especially in Russia and Germany; in United States as stock feed) }
{ wild_wheat, wild_emmer, Triticum_dicoccum_dicoccoides, wheat,@ (found wild in Palestine; held to be prototype of cultivated wheat) }

{ Zea, genus_Zea, monocot_genus,@ family_Gramineae,#m (corn) }
{ [ corn, verb.consumption:corn,+ ] maize, Indian_corn, Zea_mays, cereal_grass,@ genus_Zea,#m (tall annual cereal grass bearing kernels on large ears: widely cultivated in America in many varieties; the principal cereal in Mexico and Central and South America since pre-Columbian times) }
{ corn1, cereal_grass,@ ((Great Britain) any of various cereal plants (especially the dominant crop of the region--wheat in Great Britain or oats in Scotland and Ireland)) }
{ mealie, ear,@ noun.location:South_Africa,;r (an ear of corn) }
{ field_corn, corn,@ field_crop,@ (corn grown primarily for animal feed or market grain) }
{ [ corn2, verb.consumption:corn,+ ] kernel1,@ (the dried grains or kernels or corn used as animal feed or ground for meal) }
{ sweet_corn, sugar_corn, green_corn, sweet_corn_plant, Zea_mays_rugosa, Zea_saccharata, corn,@ noun.food:corn,#p (a corn plant developed in order to have young ears that are sweet and suitable for eating) }
{ dent_corn, Zea_mays_indentata, field_corn,@ (corn whose kernels contain both hard and soft starch and become indented at maturity) }
{ flint_corn, flint_maize, Yankee_corn, Zea_mays_indurata, field_corn,@ (corn having kernels with a hard outer layer enclosing the soft endosperm) }
{ soft_corn, flour_corn, squaw_corn, Zea_mays_amylacea, field_corn,@ (corn having kernels almost entirely of soft starch) }
{ popcorn, Zea_mays_everta, corn,@ (corn having small ears and kernels that burst when exposed to dry heat) }
{ cornsilk, corn_silk, style,@ (each of the long filamentous styles that grow as a silky tuft at the tip of an ear of Indian corn) }

{ Zizania, genus_Zizania, monocot_genus,@ family_Gramineae,#m (wild rice) }
{ wild_rice, Zizania_aquatica, cereal_grass,@ genus_Zizania,#m (perennial aquatic grass of North America bearing grain used for food) }

{ genus_Zoysia, Zoisia, genus_Zoisia, monocot_genus,@ family_Gramineae,#m (lawn grasses native to southeastern Asia and New Zealand; grown especially in warm regions) }
{ zoysia, grass,@ genus_Zoysia,#m (any of several creeping grasses of the genus Zoysia) }
{ Manila_grass, Japanese_carpet_grass, Zoysia_matrella, zoysia,@ (lawn grass common in the Philippines; grown also in United States) }
{ Korean_lawn_grass, Japanese_lawn_grass, Zoysia_japonica, zoysia,@ (lawn grass common in China and Japan; grown also in United States) }
{ mascarene_grass, Korean_velvet_grass, Zoysia_tenuifolia, zoysia,@ (Asiatic creeping perennial grass; introduced in southern United States as a drought-resistant lawn grass) }

{ Bambuseae, tribe_Bambuseae, noun.group:tribe3,@ family_Gramineae,#m (bamboos) }
{ bamboo, gramineous_plant,@ tribe_Bambuseae,#m (woody tropical grass having hollow woody stems; mature canes used for construction and furniture) }
{ bamboo2, noun.substance:wood,@ bamboo,#s (the hard woody stems of bamboo plants; used in construction and crafts and fishing poles) }
{ Bambusa, genus_Bambusa, monocot_genus,@ tribe_Bambuseae,#m (tall tender clumping bamboos) }
{ common_bamboo, Bambusa_vulgaris, bamboo,@ genus_Bambusa,#m (extremely vigorous bamboo having thin-walled culms striped green and yellow; so widely cultivated that native area is uncertain) }
{ [ Arundinaria, adj.pert:arundinaceous,+ ] genus_Arundinaria, monocot_genus,@ tribe_Bambuseae,#m (North American bamboo) }
{ giant_cane, cane_reed, Arundinaria_gigantea, bamboo,@ genus_Arundinaria,#m noun.group:canebrake,#p (tall grass of southern United States growing in thickets) }
{ small_cane, switch_cane, Arundinaria_tecta, bamboo,@ genus_Arundinaria,#m (small cane of watery or moist areas in southern United States) }
{ Dendrocalamus, genus_Dendrocalamus, monocot_genus,@ tribe_Bambuseae,#m (giant clump-forming bamboos) }
{ giant_bamboo, kyo-chiku, Dendrocalamus_giganteus, bamboo,@ genus_Dendrocalamus,#m (immense tropical southeast Asian bamboo with tough hollow culms that resemble tree trunks) }
{ Phyllostachys, genus_Phyllostachys, monocot_genus,@ tribe_Bambuseae,#m (medium and large bamboos) }
{ fishpole_bamboo, gosan-chiku, hotei-chiku, Phyllostachys_aurea, bamboo,@ genus_Phyllostachys,#m (small bamboo of southeastern China having slender culms flexuous when young) }
{ black_bamboo, kuri-chiku, Phyllostachys_nigra, bamboo,@ genus_Phyllostachys,#m (small bamboo having thin green culms turning shining black) }
{ giant_timber_bamboo, madake, ku-chiku, Phyllostachys_bambusoides, bamboo,@ genus_Phyllostachys,#m (large bamboo having thick-walled culms; native of China and perhaps Japan; widely grown elsewhere) }

{ Cyperaceae, family_Cyperaceae, sedge_family, monocot_family,@ order_Graminales,#m (bulrush; chufa; cotton grass; papyrus; umbrella plant) }
{ [ sedge, adj.all:grassy^sedgy,+ ] marsh_plant,@ family_Cyperaceae,#m (grasslike or rushlike plant growing in wet places having solid stems, narrow grasslike leaves and spikelets of inconspicuous flowers) }
{ Cyperus, genus_Cyperus, monocot_genus,@ family_Cyperaceae,@ (type genus of Cyperaceae; grasslike rhizomatous herbs; cosmopolitan except very cold regions) }
{ umbrella_plant1, umbrella_sedge, Cyperus_alternifolius, sedge,@ genus_Cyperus,#m (African sedge widely cultivated as an ornamental water plant for its terminal umbrellalike cluster of slender grasslike leaves) }
{ chufa, yellow_nutgrass, earth_almond, ground_almond, rush_nut, Cyperus_esculentus, sedge,@ genus_Cyperus,#m (European sedge having small edible nutlike tubers) }
{ galingale, galangal3, Cyperus_longus, sedge,@ genus_Cyperus,#m (European sedge having rough-edged leaves and spikelets of reddish flowers and aromatic roots) }
{ papyrus, Egyptian_paper_reed, Egyptian_paper_rush, paper_rush, paper_plant, Cyperus_papyrus, sedge,@ genus_Cyperus,#m (tall sedge of the Nile valley yielding fiber that served many purposes in historic times) }
{ nutgrass, nut_grass, nutsedge, nut_sedge, Cyperus_rotundus, sedge,@ genus_Cyperus,#m (a widely distributed perennial sedge having small edible nutlike tubers) }
{ Carex, genus_Carex, monocot_genus,@ family_Cyperaceae,#m (large genus of plants found in damp woodlands and bogs and ditches or at water margins: sedges) }
{ sand_sedge, sand_reed, Carex_arenaria, sedge,@ genus_Carex,#m (European maritime sedge naturalized along Atlantic coast of United States; rootstock has properties of sarsaparilla) }
{ cypress_sedge, Carex_pseudocyperus, sedge,@ genus_Carex,#m (tufted sedge of temperate regions; nearly cosmopolitan) }

{ Eriophorum, genus_Eriophorum, monocot_genus,@ family_Cyperaceae,#m (cotton grass) }
{ cotton_grass, cotton_rush, sedge,@ genus_Eriophorum,#m (any sedge of the genus Eriophorum; north temperate bog plants with tufted spikes) }
{ common_cotton_grass, Eriophorum_angustifolium, cotton_grass,@ (having densely tufted white cottony or downlike glumes) }
{ Scirpus, genus_Scirpus, monocot_genus,@ sedge_family,#m (rhizomatous perennial grasslike herbs) }
{ hardstem_bulrush, hardstemmed_bulrush, Scirpus_acutus, sedge,@ genus_Scirpus,#m (widely distributed North American sedge having rigid olive green stems) }
{ wool_grass2, Scirpus_cyperinus, sedge,@ genus_Scirpus,#m (sedge of eastern North America having numerous clustered woolly spikelets) }
{ Eleocharis, genus_Eleocharis, monocot_genus,@ family_Cyperaceae,#m (sedges having dense spikes of flowers and leaves reduced to basal sheaths) }
{ spike_rush, sedge,@ genus_Eleocharis,#m (a sedge of the genus Eleocharis) }
{ water_chestnut1, Chinese_water_chestnut, Eleocharis_dulcis, spike_rush,@ (Chinese sedge yielding edible bulb-shaped tubers) }
{ needle_spike_rush, needle_rush, slender_spike_rush, hair_grass, Eleocharis_acicularis, spike_rush,@ (fine-leaved aquatic spike rush; popular as aerator for aquariums) }
{ creeping_spike_rush, Eleocharis_palustris, spike_rush,@ (cylindrical-stemmed sedge) }

{ Pandanales, order_Pandanales, plant_order,@ subclass_Arecidae,#m (families Typhaceae; Sparganiaceae; Pandanaceae) }
(==arecid_monocot_family...)
{ Pandanaceae, family_Pandanaceae, screw-pine_family, monocot_family,@ order_Pandanales,#m (family of woody plants of the order Pandanales including pandanus) }
{ genus_Pandanus, monocot_genus,@ family_Pandanaceae,#m (type genus of the Pandanaceae (as screw pines)) }
{ pandanus, screw_pine, tree,@ genus_Pandanus,#m (any of various Old World tropical palmlike trees having huge prop roots and edible conelike fruits and leaves like pineapple leaves) }
{ textile_screw_pine, lauhala, Pandanus_tectorius, screw_pine,@ (Polynesian screw pine) }
{ pandanus3, noun.substance:natural_fiber,@ (fiber from leaves of the pandanus tree; used for woven articles (such as mats)) }

{ Typhaceae, family_Typhaceae, cattail_family, monocot_family,@ order_Pandanales,#m (perennial marsh plants with creeping rootstocks and long linear leaves) }
{ Typha, genus_Typha, monocot_genus,@ family_Typhaceae,#m (reed maces; cattails) }
{ cattail, marsh_plant,@ genus_Typha,#m (tall erect herbs with sword-shaped leaves; cosmopolitan in fresh and salt marshes) }
{ cat's-tail2, bullrush2, bulrush2, nailrod, reed_mace, reedmace, Typha_latifolia, cattail,@ (tall marsh plant with cylindrical seed heads that explode when mature shedding large quantities of down; its long flat leaves are used for making mats and chair seats; of North America, Europe, Asia and North Africa) }
{ lesser_bullrush, narrow-leaf_cattail, narrow-leaved_reedmace, soft_flag, Typha_angustifolia, cattail,@ (reed maces of America, Europe, North Africa, Asia) }

{ Sparganiaceae, family_Sparganiaceae, bur-reed_family, monocot_family,@ order_Pandanales,#m (coextensive with the genus Sparganium) }
{ Sparganium, genus_Sparganium, monocot_genus,@ family_Sparganiaceae,#m (type and sole genus of Sparganiaceae; marsh or aquatic herbs of temperate regions) }
{ bur_reed, herbaceous_plant,@ genus_Sparganium,#m (marsh plant having elongated linear leaves and round prickly fruit) }

{ grain, caryopsis, seed,@ (dry seed-like fruit produced by the cereal grasses: e.g. wheat, barley, Indian corn) }
{ kernel1, grain,@ (a single whole grain of a cereal; "a kernel of corn") }
{ rye2, grain,@ rye,#p (the seed of the cereal grass) }

{ [ Cucurbitaceae, adj.pert:cucurbitaceous,+ ] family_Cucurbitaceae, gourd_family, dicot_family,@ order_Campanulales,#m (a family of herbaceous vines (such as cucumber or melon or squash or pumpkin)) }
{ cucurbit, Cucurbitaceae,@ (any plant of the family Cucurbitaceae) }
{ gourd1, gourd_vine, vine,@ family_Cucurbitaceae,#m (any vine of the family Cucurbitaceae that bears fruits with hard rinds) }
{ gourd2, fruit,@ (any of numerous inedible fruits with hard rinds) }
{ Cucurbita, genus_Cucurbita, dicot_genus,@ family_Cucurbitaceae,#m (type genus of the Cucurbitaceae) }
{ pumpkin, pumpkin_vine, autumn_pumpkin, Cucurbita_pepo, squash,@ genus_Cucurbita,#m (a coarse vine widely cultivated for its large pulpy round orange fruit with firm orange skin and numerous seeds; subspecies of Cucurbita pepo include the summer squashes and a few autumn squashes) }
{ squash, squash_vine, vine,@ genus_Cucurbita,#m (any of numerous annual trailing plants of the genus Cucurbita grown for their fleshy edible fruits) }
{ summer_squash, summer_squash_vine, Cucurbita_pepo_melopepo, squash,@ genus_Cucurbita,#m (any of various usually bushy plants producing fruit that is eaten while immature and before the rind or seeds harden) }
{ yellow_squash, summer_squash,@ (any of various squash plants grown for their yellow fruits with somewhat elongated necks) }
{ marrow, marrow_squash, vegetable_marrow, summer_squash,@ (any of various squash plants grown for their elongated fruit with smooth dark green skin and whitish flesh) }
{ zucchini, courgette, marrow_squash,@ (marrow squash plant whose fruit are eaten when small) }
{ cocozelle, Italian_vegetable_marrow, marrow_squash,@ (squash plant having dark green fruit with skin mottled with light green or yellow) }
{ cymling, pattypan_squash, summer_squash,@ (squash plant having flattened round fruit with a scalloped edge; usually greenish white) }
{ spaghetti_squash, summer_squash,@ (squash plant bearing oval fruit with smooth yellowish skin and tender stranded flesh resembling spaghetti) }
{ winter_squash, winter_squash_plant, squash,@ genus_Cucurbita,#m (any of various plants of the species Cucurbita maxima and Cucurbita moschata producing squashes that have hard rinds and mature in the fall) }
{ acorn_squash, winter_squash,@ (squash plant bearing small acorn-shaped fruits having yellow flesh and dark green or yellow rind with longitudinal ridges) }
{ hubbard_squash, Cucurbita_maxima1, winter_squash,@ genus_Cucurbita,#m (any of several winter squash plants producing large greyish-green football-shaped fruit with a rough warty rind) }
{ turban_squash, Cucurbita_maxima_turbaniformis, winter_squash,@ genus_Cucurbita,#m (squash plants bearing hard-shelled fruit shaped somewhat like a turban with a rounded central portion protruding from the end opposite the stem) }
{ buttercup_squash, turban_squash,@ genus_Cucurbita,#m (plant bearing somewhat drum-shaped fruit having dark green rind with greyish markings) }
{ butternut_squash, Cucurbita_maxima2, winter_squash,@ (plant bearing buff-colored squash having somewhat bottle-shaped fruit with fine-textured edible flesh and a smooth thin rind) }
{ winter_crookneck, winter_crookneck_squash, Cucurbita_moschata, winter_squash,@ (any of various plants bearing squash having hard rinds and elongated recurved necks) }
{ cushaw, Cucurbita_mixta, Cucurbita_argyrosperma, winter_squash,@ genus_Cucurbita,#p (plant bearing squash having globose to ovoid fruit with variously striped grey and green and white warty rinds) }
{ prairie_gourd, prairie_gourd_vine, Missouri_gourd, wild_pumpkin, buffalo_gourd, calabazilla, Cucurbita_foetidissima, gourd1,@ genus_Cucurbita,#m (perennial vine of dry parts of central and southwestern United States and Mexico having small hard mottled green inedible fruit) }
{ prairie_gourd2, fruit,@ prairie_gourd_vine,#p (small hard green-and-white inedible fruit of the prairie gourd plant) }

{ genus_Bryonia, dicot_genus,@ family_Cucurbitaceae,#m (climbing perennial herbs: bryony) }
{ bryony, briony, vine,@ genus_Bryonia,#m (a vine of the genus Bryonia having large leaves and small flowers and yielding acrid juice with emetic and purgative properties) }
{ white_bryony, devil's_turnip, Bryonia_alba, bryony,@ (white-flowered vine having thick roots and bearing small black berries; Europe to Iran) }
{ red_bryony, wild_hop, Bryonia_dioica, bryony,@ (bryony having fleshy roots pale green flowers and very small red berries; Europe; North Africa; western Asia) }

{ Citrullus, genus_Citrullus, dicot_genus,@ family_Cucurbitaceae,#m (a dicot genus of the family Cucurbitaceae including watermelons) }
{ melon, melon_vine, gourd1,@ (any of various fruit of cucurbitaceous vines including: muskmelons; watermelons; cantaloupes; cucumbers) }
{ watermelon, watermelon_vine, Citrullus_vulgaris, melon,@ genus_Citrullus,#m (an African melon) }
{ Cucumis, genus_Cucumis, dicot_genus,@ family_Cucurbitaceae,#m (cucumbers; muskmelons) }
{ sweet_melon, muskmelon, sweet_melon_vine, Cucumis_melo, melon_vine,@ genus_Cucumis,#m (any of several varieties of vine whose fruit has a netted rind and edible flesh and a musky smell) }
{ cantaloupe, cantaloup, cantaloupe_vine, cantaloup_vine, Cucumis_melo_cantalupensis, muskmelon,@ (a variety of muskmelon vine having fruit with a tan rind and orange flesh) }
{ winter_melon, Persian_melon, honeydew_melon, winter_melon_vine, Cucumis_melo_inodorus, muskmelon,@ (any of a variety of muskmelon vines having fruit with a smooth white rind and white or greenish flesh that does not have a musky smell) }
{ net_melon, netted_melon, nutmeg_melon, Cucumis_melo_reticulatus, muskmelon,@ (a muskmelon vine with fruit that has a thin reticulated rind and sweet green flesh) }
{ cucumber, cucumber_vine, Cucumis_sativus, melon_vine,@ genus_Cucumis,#m (a melon vine of the genus Cucumis; cultivated from earliest times for its cylindrical green fruit) }

{ Ecballium, genus_Ecballium, dicot_genus,@ family_Cucurbitaceae,#m (exploding cucumber; squirting cucumber) }
{ squirting_cucumber, exploding_cucumber, touch-me-not2, Ecballium_elaterium, gourd1,@ genus_Ecballium,#m (Mediterranean vine having oblong fruit that when ripe expels its seeds and juice violently when touched) }

{ Lagenaria, genus_Lagenaria, dicot_genus,@ family_Cucurbitaceae,#m (bottle gourds) }
{ bottle_gourd, calabash2, Lagenaria_siceraria, gourd1,@ genus_Lagenaria,#m (Old World climbing plant with hard-shelled bottle-shaped gourds as fruits) }
{ genus_Luffa, dicot_genus,@ family_Cucurbitaceae,#m (dishcloth gourds) }
{ luffa, dishcloth_gourd, sponge_gourd, rag_gourd, strainer_vine, vine,@ genus_Luffa,#m (any of several tropical annual climbers having large yellow flowers and edible young fruits; grown commercially for the mature fruit's dried fibrous interior that is used as a sponge) }
{ loofah, vegetable_sponge, Luffa_cylindrica, dishcloth_gourd,@ (the loofah climber that has cylindrical fruit) }
{ angled_loofah, sing-kwa, Luffa_acutangula, dishcloth_gourd,@ (loofah of Pakistan; widely cultivated throughout tropics) }
{ loofa, loofah1, luffa1, loufah_sponge, noun.substance:fiber,@ sponge_gourd,#p (the dried fibrous part of the fruit of a plant of the genus Luffa; used as a washing sponge or strainer) }
{ Momordica, genus_Momordica, dicot_genus,@ family_Cucurbitaceae,#m (Old World tropical vine) }
{ balsam_apple1, Momordica_balsamina, gourd1,@ genus_Momordica,#m (a tropical Old World flowering vine with red or orange warty fruit) }
{ balsam_pear, Momordica_charantia, gourd1,@ genus_Momordica,#m (tropical Old World vine with yellow-orange fruit) }

{ Goodeniaceae, family_Goodeniaceae, Goodenia_family, dicot_family,@ order_Campanulales,#m (a family of sappy plants that grow in Australasia and southeast China) }
{ Goodenia, dicot_genus,@ family_Goodeniaceae,#m (a genus of shrubs and herbs that grow in Australia and New Guinea and Malaysia and southeast Asia) }

{ [ Lobeliaceae, adj.pert:lobeliaceous,+ ] family_Lobeliaceae, lobelia_family, dicot_family,@ order_Campanulales,#m (not recognized in all classification systems; in some classifications lobeliaceous plants are included in family Campanulaceae) }
{ genus_Lobelia, dicot_genus,@ family_Campanulaceae,#m (in some classifications considered the type genus of a separate family Lobeliaceae) }
{ lobelia, herb,@ genus_Lobelia,#m (any plant or flower of the genus Lobelia) }
{ cardinal_flower, Indian_pink2, Lobelia_cardinalis, lobelia,@ (North American lobelia having brilliant red flowers) }
{ Indian_tobacco2, bladderpod4, Lobelia_inflata, lobelia,@ (North American wild lobelia having small blue flowers and inflated capsules formerly used as an antispasmodic) }
{ water_lobelia, Lobelia_dortmanna, lobelia,@ (erect perennial aquatic herb of Europe and North America having submerged spongy leaves and pendulous racemes of blue flowers above the water) }
{ great_lobelia, blue_cardinal_flower, Lobelia_siphilitica, lobelia,@ (tall erect and very leafy perennial herb of eastern North America having dense spikes of blue flowers) }

{ Malvales, order_Malvales, plant_order,@ subclass_Dilleniidae,#m (Malvaceae; Bombacaceae; Elaeocarpaceae; Sterculiaceae; Tiliaceae) }

(++1complete)
{ Malvaceae, family_Malvaceae, mallow_family, dilleniid_dicot_family,@ order_Malvales,#m (herbs and shrubs and some trees: mallows; cotton; okra) }
{ Malva, genus_Malva, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Malvaceae,#m (herbs and subshrubs: mallows) }
{ mallow, shrub,@ family_Malvaceae,#m (any of various plants of the family Malvaceae) }
{ musk_mallow1, mus_rose, Malva_moschata, mallow,@ genus_Malva,#m (erect Old World perennial with faintly musk-scented foliage and white or pink flowers; adventive in United States) }
{ common_mallow, Malva_neglecta, mallow,@ genus_Malva,#m (annual Old World plant with clusters of pink or white flowers; naturalized in United States) }
{ tall_mallow, high_mallow, cheese, cheeseflower, Malva_sylvestris, mallow,@ genus_Malva,#m (erect or decumbent Old World perennial with axillary clusters of rosy-purple flowers; introduced in United States) }

{ Abelmoschus, genus_Abelmoschus, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Malvaceae,#m (genus of tropical coarse herbs having large lobed leaves and often yellow flowers) }
{ okra, gumbo, okra_plant, lady's-finger, Abelmoschus_esculentus, Hibiscus_esculentus, herb,@ genus_Abelmoschus,#m (tall coarse annual of Old World tropics widely cultivated in southern United States and West Indies for its long mucilaginous green pods used as basis for soups and stews; sometimes placed in genus Hibiscus) }
{ okra2, pod,@ okra_plant,#p (long green edible beaked pods of the okra plant) }
{ abelmosk, musk_mallow2, Abelmoschus_moschatus, Hibiscus_moschatus, mallow,@ genus_Abelmoschus,#m (bushy herb of tropical Asia grown for its yellow or pink to scarlet blooms that resemble the hibiscus) }

{ Abutilon, genus_Abutilon, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Malvaceae,#m (herbs or shrubs or small trees: flowering maple; Indian mallow) }
{ flowering_maple, ornamental,@ genus_Abutilon,#m (an ornamental plant of the genus Abutilon having leaves that resemble maple leaves) }
{ velvetleaf1, velvet-leaf1, velvetweed, Indian_mallow1, butter-print, China_jute, Abutilon_theophrasti, mallow,@ genus_Abutilon,#m (tall annual herb or subshrub of tropical Asia having velvety leaves and yellow flowers and yielding a strong fiber; naturalized in southeastern Europe and United States) }

{ Alcea, genus_Alcea, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Malvaceae,#m (genus of erect herbs of the Middle East having showy flowers: hollyhocks; in some classification systems synonymous with genus Althaea) }
{ hollyhock1, mallow,@ genus_Alcea,#m (any of various tall plants of the genus Alcea; native to the Middle East but widely naturalized and cultivated for its very large variously colored flowers) }
{ rose_mallow2, Alcea_rosea, Althea_rosea, hollyhock1,@ genus_Alcea,#m (plant with terminal racemes of showy white to pink or purple flowers; the English cottage garden hollyhock) }
{ genus_Althaea, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Malvaceae,#m (hollyhocks; in some classification systems synonymous with genus Alcea) }
{ althea, althaea, hollyhock2, mallow,@ genus_Althaea,#m (any of various plants of the genus Althaea; similar to but having smaller flowers than genus Alcea) }
{ marsh_mallow, white_mallow, Althea_officinalis, althea,@ genus_Althaea,#m (European perennial plant naturalized in United States having triangular ovate leaves and lilac-pink flowers) }

{ Callirhoe, genus_Callirhoe, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Malvaceae,#m (small genus of North American herbs having usually red or purple flowers) }
{ poppy_mallow, mallow,@ genus_Callirhoe,#m (a plant of the genus Callirhoe having palmately cleft leaves and white to red or purple flowers borne throughout the summer) }
{ fringed_poppy_mallow, Callirhoe_digitata, poppy_mallow,@ (perennial poppy mallow of United States southern plains states having rose-red or rose-purple flowers) }
{ purple_poppy_mallow, Callirhoe_involucrata, poppy_mallow,@ (hairy perennial of central United States having round deeply lobed leaves and loose panicles of large crimson-purple or cherry-red flowers) }
{ clustered_poppy_mallow, Callirhoe_triangulata, poppy_mallow,@ (densely hairy perennial having mostly triangular basal leaves and rose-purple flowers in panicled clusters) }

{ Gossypium, genus_Gossypium, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Malvaceae,#m (herbs and shrubs and small trees: cotton) }
{ cotton, cotton_plant, shrub,@ genus_Gossypium,#m (erect bushy mallow plant or small tree bearing bolls containing seeds with many long hairy fibers) }
{ tree_cotton1, Gossypium_arboreum, cotton,@ (East Indian shrub cultivated especially for ornament for its pale yellow to deep purple blossoms) }
{ sea_island_cotton, tree_cotton2, Gossypium_barbadense, cotton,@ (small bushy tree grown on islands of the Caribbean and off the Atlantic coast of the southern United States; yields cotton with unusually long silky fibers) }
{ Levant_cotton, Gossypium_herbaceum, cotton,@ (Old World annual having heart-shaped leaves and large seeds with short greyish lint removed with difficulty; considered an ancestor of modern short-staple cottons) }
{ upland_cotton, Gossypium_hirsutum, cotton,@ (native tropical American plant now cultivated in the United States yielding short-staple cotton) }
{ Peruvian_cotton, Gossypium_peruvianum, cotton,@ (cotton with long rough hairy fibers) }
{ Egyptian_cotton, cotton,@ (fine somewhat brownish long-staple cotton grown in Egypt; believed to be derived from sea island cotton or by hybridization with Peruvian cotton) }
{ wild_cotton, Arizona_wild_cotton, Gossypium_thurberi, cotton,@ (shrub of southern Arizona and Mexico) }

{ genus_Hibiscus, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Malvaceae,#m (large genus of tropical and subtropical herbs and shrubs and trees often grown as ornamentals for their profusion of large flowers in a variety of colors) }
{ hibiscus, mallow,@ genus_Hibiscus,#m (any plant of the genus Hibiscus) }
{ kenaf, kanaf, deccan_hemp, bimli, bimli_hemp, Indian_hemp3, Bombay_hemp, Hibiscus_cannabinus, hibiscus,@ (valuable fiber plant of East Indies now widespread in cultivation) }
{ kenaf2, deccan_hemp2, noun.substance:hemp,@ Hibiscus_cannabinus,#p (fiber from an East Indian plant Hibiscus cannabinus) }
{ Cuban_bast, blue_mahoe, mahoe2, majagua2, mahagua2, Hibiscus_elatus, hibiscus,@ (erect forest tree of Cuba and Jamaica having variably hairy leaves and orange-yellow or orange-red flowers; yields a moderately dense timber for cabinetwork and gunstocks) }
{ sorrel_tree1, Hibiscus_heterophyllus, hibiscus,@ (Australian tree with acid foliage) }
{ rose_mallow1, swamp_mallow, common_rose_mallow, swamp_rose_mallow, Hibiscus_moscheutos, hibiscus,@ (showy shrub of salt marshes of the eastern United States having large rose-colored flowers) }
{ cotton_rose2, Confederate_rose, Confederate_rose_mallow, Hibiscus_mutabilis, hibiscus,@ (Chinese shrub or small tree having white or pink flowers becoming deep red at night; widely cultivated; naturalized in southeastern United States) }
{ China_rose1, Chinese_hibiscus, Rose_of_China, shoeblack_plant, shoe_black, Hibiscus_rosa-sinensis, hibiscus,@ (large showy Asiatic shrub or small tree having large single or double red to deep-red flowers) }
{ roselle, rozelle, sorrel3, red_sorrel, Jamaica_sorrel, Hibiscus_sabdariffa, hibiscus,@ (East Indian sparsely prickly annual herb or perennial subshrub widely cultivated for its fleshy calyxes used in tarts and jelly and for its bast fiber) }
{ rose_of_Sharon, Hibiscus_syriacus, hibiscus,@ (Asiatic shrub or small shrubby tree having showy bell-shaped rose or purple or white flowers and usually three-lobed leaves; widely cultivated in temperate North America and Europe) }
{ mahoe1, majagua1, mahagua1, balibago, purau, Hibiscus_tiliaceus, hibiscus,@ (shrubby tree widely distributed along tropical shores; yields a light tough wood used for canoe outriggers and a fiber used for cordage and caulk; often cultivated for ornament) }
{ flower-of-an-hour, flowers-of-an-hour, bladder_ketmia, black-eyed_Susan4, Hibiscus_trionum, hibiscus,@ (annual weedy herb with ephemeral yellow purple-eyed flowers; Old World tropics; naturalized as a weed in North America) }

{ Hoheria, genus_Hoheria, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Malvaceae,#m (small genus of shrubs and small trees of New Zealand: lacebarks) }
{ lacebark, ribbonwood1, houhere, Hoheria_populnea, tree,@ genus_Hoheria,#m (small tree or shrub of New Zealand having a profusion of axillary clusters of honey-scented paper-white flowers and whose bark is used for cordage) }

{ Iliamna, genus_Iliamna, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Malvaceae,#m (small genus of perennial herbs or subshrubs; some often placed in other genera) }
{ wild_hollyhock1, Iliamna_remota, Sphaeralcea_remota, mallow,@ genus_Iliamna,#m (a rare mallow found only in Illinois resembling the common hollyhock and having pale rose-mauve flowers; sometimes placed in genus Sphaeralcea) }
{ mountain_hollyhock, Iliamna_ruvularis, Iliamna_acerifolia, mallow,@ genus_Iliamna,#m (perennial of northwestern United States and western Canada resembling a hollyhock and having white or pink flowers) }

{ Kosteletzya, genus_Kosteletzya, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Malvaceae,#m (small genus of herbs of southeastern United States and tropical America and Africa) }
{ seashore_mallow, mallow,@ genus_Kosteletzya,#m (any of various plants of the genus Kosteletzya predominantly of coastal habitats; grown for their flowers that resemble hibiscus) }
{ salt_marsh_mallow, Kosteletzya_virginica, seashore_mallow,@ (subshrub of southeastern United States to New York) }

{ Lavatera, genus_Lavatera, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Malvaceae,#m (widespread genus of herbs or softwood arborescent shrubs cultivated for their showy flowers) }
{ tree_mallow, velvetleaf2, velvet-leaf2, Lavatera_arborea, shrub,@ genus_Lavatera,#m (arborescent perennial shrub having palmately lobed furry leaves and showy red-purple flowers; southwestern United States) }

{ Malacothamnus, genus_Malacothamnus, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Malvaceae,#m (genus of shrubs or small trees: chaparral mallow) }
{ chaparral_mallow, Malacothamnus_fasciculatus, Sphaeralcea_fasciculata, mallow,@ genus_Malacothamnus,#m (shrub of coastal ranges of California and Baja California having hairy branches and spikes of numerous mauve flowers; sometimes placed in genus Sphaeralcea) }

{ genus_Malope, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Malvaceae,#m (small genus of chiefly European herbs) }
{ malope, Malope_trifida, mallow,@ genus_Malope,#m (western Mediterranean annual having deep purple-red flowers subtended by 3 large cordate bracts) }

{ Malvastrum, genus_Malvastrum, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Malvaceae,#m (genus of mallows characterized by red and yellow flowers often placed in other genera) }
{ false_mallow1, mallow,@ (an American plant of the genus Malvastrum) }

{ Malvaviscus, genus_Malvaviscus, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Malvaceae,#m (small genus of shrubs of Central and South America: wax mallows) }
{ waxmallow, wax_mallow, sleeping_hibiscus, mallow,@ genus_Malvaviscus,#m (any of various plants of the genus Malvaviscus having brilliant bell-shaped drooping flowers like incompletely opened hibiscus flowers) }

{ Napaea, genus_Napaea, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Malvaceae,#m (one species: glade mallow) }
{ glade_mallow, Napaea_dioica, mallow,@ genus_Napaea,#m (tall coarse American herb having palmate leaves and numerous small white dioecious flowers; found wild in most alluvial soils of eastern and central United States) }

{ genus_Pavonia, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Malvaceae,#m (genus of tropical hairy shrubs or herbs of tropics and subtropics especially South America) }
{ pavonia, shrub,@ genus_Pavonia,#m (any of various evergreen plants of the genus Pavonia having white or yellow or purple flowers) }

{ Plagianthus, genus_Plagianthus, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Malvaceae,#m (small genus of shrubs and trees of Australia and New Zealand) }
{ ribbon_tree, ribbonwood2, Plagianthus_regius, Plagianthus_betulinus, tree,@ genus_Plagianthus,#m (deciduous New Zealand tree whose inner bark yields a strong fiber that resembles flax and is called New Zealand cotton) }
{ New_Zealand_cotton, noun.substance:natural_fiber,@ ribbon_tree,#s (a fiber from the bast of New Zealand ribbon trees that resembles cotton fiber) }

{ Radyera, genus_Radyera, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Malvaceae,#m (very small genus of shrubs of southern hemisphere: bush hibiscus) }
{ bush_hibiscus, Radyera_farragei, Hibiscus_farragei, shrub,@ genus_Radyera,#m (southern and western Australian shrub with unlobed or shallowly lobed toothed leaves and purple flowers; sometimes placed in genus Hibiscus) }

{ Sida, genus_Sida, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Malvaceae,#m (large genus of tropical subshrubs or herbs some of which yield fibers of mucilaginous substances) }
{ Virginia_mallow, Sida_hermaphrodita, mallow,@ genus_Sida,#m (tall handsome perennial herb of southeastern United States having maplelike leaves and white flowers) }
{ Queensland_hemp, jellyleaf, Sida_rhombifolia, mallow,@ genus_Sida,#m (herb widely distributed in tropics and subtropics used for forage and medicinally as a demulcent and having a fine soft bast stronger than jute; sometimes an aggressive weed) }
{ Indian_mallow2, Sida_spinosa, mallow,@ genus_Sida,#m (tropical American weed having pale yellow or orange flowers naturalized in southern United States) }

{ Sidalcea, genus_Sidalcea, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Malvaceae,#m (genus of showy plants of western North America having palmate leaves and variously colored racemose flowers) }
{ checkerbloom, wild_hollyhock2, Sidalcea_malviflora, mallow,@ genus_Sidalcea,#m (perennial purple-flowered wild mallow of western North America that is also cultivated) }

{ Sphaeralcea, genus_Sphaeralcea, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Malvaceae,#m (large genus of chiefly tropical herbs with showy flowers and mostly globose fruits: globe mallows) }
{ globe_mallow, false_mallow2, mallow,@ genus_Sphaeralcea,#m (genus of coarse herbs and subshrubs of arid North and South America having pink or scarlet flowers and globose fruits) }
{ prairie_mallow, red_false_mallow, Sphaeralcea_coccinea, Malvastrum_coccineum, globe_mallow,@ (false mallow of western United States having racemose red flowers; sometimes placed in genus Malvastrum) }

{ Thespesia, genus_Thespesia, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Malvaceae,#m (a small genus of tropical trees including the portia tree) }
{ tulipwood_tree, tree,@ (any of various trees yielding variously colored woods similar to true tulipwood) }
{ tulipwood2, noun.substance:wood,@ tulipwood_tree,#s (the variegated or showily striped ornamental wood of various tulipwood trees) }
{ portia_tree, bendy_tree, seaside_mahoe, Thespesia_populnea, tulipwood_tree,@ genus_Thespesia,#m (pantropical tree of usually seacoasts sometimes cultivated as an ornamental for its rounded heart-shaped leaves and showy yellow and purple flowers; yields valuable pink to dark red close-grained wood and oil from its seeds) }

(++complete)
{ Bombacaceae, family_Bombacaceae, dilleniid_dicot_family,@ order_Malvales,#m (tropical trees with large dry or fleshy fruit containing usually woolly seeds) }
{ Bombax, genus_Bombax, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Bombacaceae,#m (trees of chiefly South America) }
{ red_silk-cotton_tree, simal, Bombax_ceiba, Bombax_malabarica, tree,@ genus_Bombax,#m (East Indian silk cotton tree yielding fibers inferior to kapok) }
{ Adansonia, genus_Adansonia, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Bombacaceae,#m (baobab; cream-of-tartar tree) }
{ cream-of-tartar_tree, sour_gourd, Adansonia_gregorii, angiospermous_tree,@ genus_Adansonia,#m (Australian tree having an agreeably acid fruit that resembles a gourd) }
{ baobab, monkey-bread_tree, Adansonia_digitata, angiospermous_tree,@ genus_Adansonia,#m (African tree having an exceedingly thick trunk and fruit that resembles a gourd and has an edible pulp called monkey bread) }
{ Ceiba, genus_Ceiba, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Bombacaceae,#m (tropical American trees with palmately compound leaves and showy bell-shaped flowers) }
{ kapok, ceiba_tree, silk-cotton_tree, white_silk-cotton_tree, Bombay_ceiba, God_tree, Ceiba_pentandra, angiospermous_tree,@ (massive tropical tree with deep ridges on its massive trunk and bearing large pods of seeds covered with silky floss; source of the silky kapok fiber) }
{ Durio, genus_Durio, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Bombacaceae,#m (a genus of tall Asian trees of the family Bombacaceae) }
{ durian, durion, durian_tree, Durio_zibethinus, fruit_tree,@ genus_Durio,#m (tree of southeastern Asia having edible oval fruit with a hard spiny rind) }
{ genus_Montezuma, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Bombacaceae,#m (one species: medium-sized evergreen tree of Puerto Rico or Mexico) }
{ Montezuma, tree,@ genus_Montezuma,#m (evergreen tree with large leathery leaves and large pink to orange flowers; considered a link plant between families Bombacaceae and Sterculiaceae) }
{ Ochroma, genus_Ochroma, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Bombacaceae,#m (one species: balsa) }
{ balsa, Ochroma_lagopus, angiospermous_tree,@ genus_Ochroma,#m (forest tree of lowland Central America having a strong very light wood; used for making floats and rafts and in crafts) }
{ balsa2, balsa_wood, noun.substance:wood,@ balsa,#s (strong lightweight wood of the balsa tree used especially for floats) }
{ Pseudobombax, genus_Pseudobombax, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Bombacaceae,#m (tropical American deciduous shrubs or small trees) }
{ shaving-brush_tree, Pseudobombax_ellipticum, tree,@ genus_Pseudobombax,#m (tree of Mexico to Guatemala having densely hairy flowers with long narrow petals clustered at ends of branches before leaves appear) }

(++)
{ Elaeocarpaceae, family_Elaeocarpaceae, elaeocarpus_family, dilleniid_dicot_family,@ order_Malvales,#m (genus of trees and shrubs widely distributed in warm regions some yielding useful timber; in some classifications included in the family Santalaceae) }
{ Elaeocarpus, genus_Elaeocarpus, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Elaeocarpaceae,#m (type genus of the family Elaeocarpaceae) }
{ quandong1, quandong_tree1, Brisbane_quandong, silver_quandong_tree, blue_fig, Elaeocarpus_grandis, tree,@ genus_Elaeocarpus,#m (Australian tree having hard white timber and glossy green leaves with white flowers followed by one-seeded glossy blue fruit) }
{ silver_quandong, noun.substance:wood,@ quandong_tree1,#p (pale easily worked timber from the quandong tree) }
{ quandong2, blue_fig2, fruit,@ quandong_tree1,#p (the fruit of the Brisbane quandong tree) }

{ Aristotelia, genus_Aristotelia, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Elaeocarpaceae,#m (small genus of shrubs or small trees of Australia and New Zealand and western South America) }
{ makomako, New_Zealand_wine_berry, wineberry2, Aristotelia_serrata, Aristotelia_racemosa, shrub,@ genus_Aristotelia,#m (graceful deciduous shrub or small tree having attractive foliage and small red berries that turn black at maturity and are used for making wine) }

{ Muntingia, genus_Muntingia, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Elaeocarpaceae,#m (one species: Jamaican cherry; sometimes placed in family Flacourtiaceae) }
{ Jamaican_cherry, calabur_tree, calabura, silk_wood, silkwood, Muntingia_calabura, tree,@ genus_Muntingia,#m (a fast-growing tropical American evergreen having white flowers and white fleshy edible fruit; bark yields a silky fiber used in cordage and wood is valuable for staves) }

{ Sloanea, genus_Sloanea, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Elaeocarpaceae,#m (genus of tropical hardwood timber trees) }
{ breakax, breakaxe, break-axe, Sloanea_jamaicensis, tree,@ genus_Sloanea,#m (West Indian timber tree having very hard wood) }

(++)
{ Sterculiaceae, family_Sterculiaceae, sterculia_family, dilleniid_dicot_family,@ order_Malvales,#m (a large family of plants of order Malvales) }
{ genus_Sterculia, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Sterculiaceae,#m (type genus of the Sterculiaceae: deciduous or evergreen trees of Old and New World tropics and subtropics) }
{ sterculia, angiospermous_tree,@ genus_Sterculia,#m (any tree of the genus Sterculia) }
{ Panama_tree, Sterculia_apetala, sterculia,@ (large deciduous tree native to Panama and from which the country takes its name; having densely leafy crown and naked trunk) }
{ kalumpang, Java_olives, Sterculia_foetida, sterculia,@ (large tree of Old World tropics having foul-smelling orange-red blossoms followed by red pods enclosing oil-rich seeds sometimes used as food) }

{ Brachychiton, genus_Brachychiton, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Sterculiaceae,#m (Australian trees (usually with swollen trunks)) }
{ bottle-tree, bottle_tree, tree,@ genus_Brachychiton,#m (an Australian tree of the genus Brachychiton) }
{ flame_tree1, flame_durrajong, Brachychiton_acerifolius, Sterculia_acerifolia, bottle-tree,@ (south Australian tree having panicles of brilliant scarlet flowers) }
{ flame_tree2, broad-leaved_bottletree, Brachychiton_australis, bottle-tree,@ (north Australian tree having white flowers and broad leaves) }
{ kurrajong, currajong, Brachychiton_populneus, bottle-tree,@ (widely distributed tree of eastern Australia yielding a tough durable fiber and soft light attractively grained wood; foliage is an important emergency food for cattle) }
{ Queensland_bottletree, narrow-leaved_bottletree, Brachychiton_rupestris, Sterculia_rupestris, bottle-tree,@ (large tree of Queensland having cream-colored flowers blotched with red inside; sometimes placed in genus Sterculia) }

{ Cola, genus_Cola, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Sterculiaceae,#m (large genus of African trees bearing kola nuts) }
{ kola, kola_nut, kola_nut_tree, goora_nut, Cola_acuminata, nut_tree,@ genus_Cola,#m (tree bearing large brown nuts containing e.g. caffeine; source of cola extract) }
{ kola_nut2, cola_nut, nut,@ kola_nut_tree,#p noun.food:cola,#s (bitter brown seed containing caffein; source of cola extract) }

{ genus_Dombeya, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Sterculiaceae,#m (genus of African shrubs or small trees) }
{ dombeya, shrub,@ genus_Dombeya,#m (any of various shrubs or small trees of the genus Dombeya grown for their rounded clusters of exquisite often sweet-scented flowers usually hanging beneath the leaves) }

{ Firmiana, genus_Firmiana, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Sterculiaceae,#m (small genus of Asian trees or shrubs) }
{ Chinese_parasol_tree, Chinese_parasol, Japanese_varnish_tree1, phoenix_tree, Firmiana_simplex, tree,@ genus_Firmiana,#m (deciduous tree widely grown in southern United States as an ornamental for its handsome maplelike foliage and long racemes of yellow-green flowers followed by curious leaflike pods) }

{ Fremontodendron, genus_Fremontodendron, Fremontia, genus_Fremontia, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Sterculiaceae,#m (flannelbush) }
{ flannelbush, flannel_bush, California_beauty, shrub,@ genus_Fremontodendron,#m (any of several handsome evergreen shrubs of California and northern Mexico having downy lobed leaves and showy yellow flowers) }

{ Helicteres, genus_Helicteres, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Sterculiaceae,#m (genus of shrubs and small trees of tropical America and Asia having cylindrical fruits spirally twisted around one another) }
{ screw_tree, shrub,@ genus_Helicteres,#m (a tree or shrub of the genus Helicteres) }
{ nut-leaved_screw_tree, Helicteres_isora, screw_tree,@ (East Indian shrub often cultivated for its hairy leaves and orange-red flowers) }

{ Heritiera, genus_Heritiera, Terrietia, genus_Terrietia, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Sterculiaceae,#m (small genus of timber trees of eastern Asia, Australasia and tropical Africa that form large buttresses) }
{ red_beech2, brown_oak, booyong, crow's_foot, stave_wood, silky_elm, Heritiera_trifoliolata, Terrietia_trifoliolata, angiospermous_tree,@ (large tree of Australasia) }
{ looking_glass_tree, Heritiera_macrophylla, angiospermous_tree,@ (large evergreen tree of India and Burma whose leaves are silvery beneath) }
{ looking-glass_plant, Heritiera_littoralis, angiospermous_tree,@ (small tree of coastal regions of Old World tropics whose leaves are silvery beneath) }

{ Hermannia, genus_Hermannia, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Sterculiaceae,#m (genus of African herbs and subshrubs having honey-scented bell-shaped flowers) }
{ honey_bell, honeybells, Hermannia_verticillata, Mahernia_verticillata, shrub,@ genus_Hermannia,#m (African shrub having decumbent stems and slender yellow honey-scented flowers either solitary or in pairs) }

{ Pterospermum, genus_Pterospermum, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Sterculiaceae,#m (genus of tropical Asian trees and shrubs) }
{ mayeng, maple-leaved_bayur, Pterospermum_acerifolium, tree,@ genus_Pterospermum,#m (Indian tree having fragrant nocturnal white flowers and yielding a reddish wood used for planking; often grown as an ornamental or shade tree) }

{ Tarrietia, genus_Tarrietia, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Sterculiaceae,#m (small genus of east Asian and Australian timber trees) }
{ silver_tree1, Tarrietia_argyrodendron, tree,@ genus_Tarrietia,#m (Australian timber tree) }

{ Theobroma, genus_Theobroma, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Sterculiaceae,#m (cacao plants) }
{ cacao, cacao_tree, chocolate_tree, Theobroma_cacao, angiospermous_tree,@ genus_Theobroma,#m (tropical American tree producing cacao beans) }

{ Triplochiton, genus_Triplochiton, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Sterculiaceae,#m (small genus of tropical African trees with maplelike leaves) }
{ obeche, obechi, arere, samba, Triplochiton_scleroxcylon, tree,@ genus_Triplochiton,#m (large west African tree having large palmately lobed leaves and axillary cymose panicles of small white flowers and one-winged seeds; yields soft white to pale yellow wood) }
{ obeche2, noun.substance:wood,@ (the wood of an African obeche tree; used especially for veneering) }

(++)
{ Tiliaceae, family_Tiliaceae, linden_family, dilleniid_dicot_family,@ order_Malvales,#m (chiefly trees and shrubs of tropical and temperate regions of especially southeastern Asia and Brazil; genera Tilia, Corchorus, Entelea, Grewia, Sparmannia) }
{ Tilia, genus_Tilia, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Tiliaceae,#m (deciduous trees with smooth usually silver-grey bark of North America and Europe and Asia: lime trees; lindens; basswood) }
{ linden, linden_tree, basswood, lime2, lime_tree2, tree,@ genus_Tilia,#m (any of various deciduous trees of the genus Tilia with heart-shaped leaves and drooping cymose clusters of yellowish often fragrant flowers; several yield valuable timber) }
{ basswood2, linden2, noun.substance:wood,@ linden_tree,#s (soft light-colored wood of any of various linden trees; used in making crates and boxes and in carving and millwork) }
{ American_basswood, American_lime, Tilia_americana, linden,@ (large American shade tree with large dark green leaves and rounded crown) }
{ small-leaved_linden, small-leaved_lime, Tilia_cordata, linden,@ (large spreading European linden with small dark green leaves; often cultivated as an ornamental) }
{ white_basswood, cottonwood2, Tilia_heterophylla, linden,@ (American basswood of the Allegheny region) }
{ Japanese_linden, Japanese_lime, Tilia_japonica, linden,@ (medium-sized tree of Japan used as an ornamental) }
{ silver_lime, silver_linden, Tilia_tomentosa, linden,@ (large tree native to eastern Europe and Asia Minor having leaves with white tomentum on the under side; widely cultivated as an ornamental) }

{ Entelea, genus_Entelea, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Tiliaceae,#m (a genus of evergreen shrub that grows in New Zealand) }

{ Corchorus, genus_Corchorus, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Tiliaceae,#m (widely distributed genus of tropical herbs or subshrubs; especially Asia) }
{ corchorus1, subshrub,@ genus_Corchorus,#m (any of various plants of the genus Corchorus having large leaves and cymose clusters of yellow flowers; a source of jute) }

{ Grewia, genus_Grewia, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Tiliaceae,#m (a genus of tropical and subtropical Old World climbers or shrubs or trees) }
{ phalsa, Grewia_asiatica, shrub,@ genus_Grewia,#m (drought-resistant Asiatic treelike shrub bearing pleasantly acid small red edible fruits commonly used in sherbets) }

{ Sparmannia, genus_Sparmannia, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Tiliaceae,#m (small genus of tropical African shrubs) }
{ African_hemp1, Sparmannia_africana, shrub,@ genus_Sparmannia,#m (large shrub of South Africa having many conspicuously hairy branches with large hairy leaves and clusters of conspicuous white flowers) }

{ [ herb, adj.pert:herbal,+ ] herbaceous_plant, vascular_plant,@ (a plant lacking a permanent woody stem; many are flowering garden plants or potherbs; some having medicinal properties; some are pests) }
{ vegetable, herbaceous_plant,@ (any of various herbaceous plants cultivated for an edible part such as the fruit or the root of the beet or the leaf of spinach or the seeds of bean plants or the flower buds of broccoli or cauliflower) }
{ simple, herb,@ noun.communication:archaism,;u (any herbaceous plant having medicinal properties) }

{ Rosidae, subclass_Rosidae, noun.group:class2,@ class_Dicotyledones,#m (a group of trees and shrubs and herbs mostly with polypetalous flowers; contains 108 families including Rosaceae; Crassulaceae; Myrtaceae; Melastomaceae; Euphorbiaceae; Umbelliferae) }

{ Umbellales, order_Umbellales, plant_order,@ subclass_Rosidae,#m (plants having umbels or corymbs of uniovulate flowers; includes the Umbelliferae (chiefly herbs) and Cornaceae (chiefly trees or shrubs)) }

{ Proteales, order_Proteales, plant_order,@ class_Dicotyledones,#m (coextensive with the family Proteaceae) }
{ Proteaceae, family_Proteaceae, protea_family, dicot_family,@ order_Proteales,#m (large family of Australian and South African shrubs and trees with leathery leaves and clustered mostly tetramerous flowers; constitutes the order Proteales) }

{ Bartle_Frere, genus_Bartle-Frere, green_dinosaur, dicot_genus,@ family_Proteaceae,#m (a living fossil or so-called `green dinosaur'; genus or subfamily of primitive nut-bearing trees thought to have died out 50 million years ago; a single specimen found in 1994 on Mount Bartle Frere in eastern Australia; not yet officially named) }

{ genus_Protea, dicot_genus,@ family_Proteaceae,#m (type genus of Proteaceae; tropical African shrubs) }
{ protea, shrub,@ genus_Protea,#m (any tropical African shrub of the genus Protea having alternate rigid leaves and dense colorful flower heads resembling cones) }
{ honeypot, king_protea, Protea_cynaroides, protea,@ genus_Protea,#m (South African shrub whose flowers when open are cup-shaped resembling artichokes) }
{ honeyflower1, honey-flower1, Protea_mellifera, protea,@ genus_Protea,#m (Australian shrub whose flowers yield honey copiously) }

{ genus_Banksia, dicot_genus,@ family_Proteaceae,#m (important genus of Australian evergreen shrubs or trees with alternate leathery leaves and yellowish flowers) }
{ banksia, shrub,@ genus_Banksia,#m (any shrub or tree of the genus Banksia having alternate leathery leaves apetalous yellow flowers often in showy heads and conelike fruit with winged seeds) }
{ honeysuckle4, Australian_honeysuckle, coast_banksia, Banksia_integrifolia, banksia,@ (shrubby tree with silky foliage and spikes of cylindrical yellow nectarous flowers) }

{ Conospermum, genus_Conospermum, dicot_genus,@ family_Proteaceae,#m (Australian shrubs (some trees) with flowers in dense spikes: smoke bush) }
{ smoke_bush2, shrub,@ genus_Conospermum,#m (any of various shrubs of the genus Conospermum with panicles of mostly white woolly flowers) }

{ Embothrium, genus_Embothrium, dicot_genus,@ family_Proteaceae,#m (small genus of South American evergreen shrubs or small trees with long willowy branches and flowers in flamboyant terminal clusters) }
{ Chilean_firebush, Chilean_flameflower, Embothrium_coccineum, shrub,@ genus_Embothrium,#m (grown for outstanding display of brilliant usually scarlet-crimson flowers; Andes) }

{ Guevina, genus_Guevina, dicot_genus,@ family_Proteaceae,#m (one species: Chilean nut) }
{ Chilean_nut, Chile_nut, Chile_hazel, Chilean_hazelnut, Guevina_heterophylla, Guevina_avellana, shrub,@ genus_Guevina,#m (Chilean shrub bearing coral-red fruit with an edible seed resembling a hazelnut) }
{ genus_Grevillea, dicot_genus,@ family_Proteaceae,#m (large genus of Australian shrubs and trees having usually showy orange or red flowers) }
{ grevillea, shrub,@ genus_Grevillea,#m (any shrub or tree of the genus Grevillea) }
{ silk_oak, grevillea,@ genus_Grevillea,#m (any of several Australian timber trees having usually fernlike foliage and mottled wood used in cabinetry and veneering) }
{ red-flowered_silky_oak, Grevillea_banksii, silk_oak,@ (tall shrub with cylindrical racemes of red flowers and pinnatifid leaves silky and grey beneath; eastern Australia) }
{ silver_oak, Grevillela_parallela, silk_oak,@ genus_Grevillea,#m (small slender tree with usually entire grey-green pendulous leaves and white or cream-colored flowers; northern Australia) }
{ silky_oak, Grevillea_robusta, silk_oak,@ genus_Grevillea,#m (medium to tall fast-growing tree with orange flowers and feathery bipinnate leaves silky-hairy beneath; eastern Australia) }
{ beefwood2, Grevillea_striata, silk_oak,@ (tree yielding hard heavy reddish wood) }

{ Hakea, genus_Hakea, dicot_genus,@ family_Proteaceae,#m (Australian shrubs and small trees with evergreen usually spiny leaves and dense clusters of showy flowers) }
{ cushion_flower, pincushion_hakea, Hakea_laurina, shrub,@ genus_Hakea,#m (tall straggling shrub with large globose crimson-yellow flowers; western Australia) }
{ needlewood, needle-wood, needle_wood, Hakea_leucoptera, shrub,@ genus_Hakea,#m (large bushy shrub with pungent pointed leaves and creamy white flowers; central and eastern Australia) }
{ needlebush, needle-bush, needle_bush, Hakea_lissosperma, shrub,@ genus_Hakea,#m (shrub with pungent rigid needle-shaped leaves and white flowers; eastern Australia) }

{ Knightia, genus_Knightia, dicot_genus,@ family_Proteaceae,#m (small genus of trees or shrubs of New Zealand and New Caledonia) }
{ rewa-rewa, New_Zealand_honeysuckle, flowering_tree,@ genus_Knightia,#m (slender elegant tree of New Zealand having racemes of red flowers and yielding valuable mottled red timber) }

{ Lambertia, genus_Lambertia, dicot_genus,@ family_Proteaceae,#m (small genus of Australian shrubs) }
{ honeyflower2, honey-flower2, mountain_devil, Lambertia_formosa, shrub,@ genus_Lambertia,#m (erect bushy shrub of eastern Australia having terminal clusters of red flowers yielding much nectar) }
{ Leucadendron, genus_Leucadendron, dicot_genus,@ family_Proteaceae,#m (large genus of evergreen trees and shrubs having silvery white leaves and solitary terminal flowers with conspicuous silvery bracts) }
{ silver_tree2, Leucadendron_argenteum, tree,@ genus_Leucadendron,#m (small South African tree with long silvery silky foliage) }
{ genus_Lomatia, dicot_genus,@ family_Proteaceae,#m (small genus of low-growing evergreens of Chile and Australia; some yield dyes) }
{ lomatia, shrub,@ genus_Lomatia,#m (any of various ornamental evergreens of the genus Lomatia having attractive fragrant flowers) }

{ genus_Macadamia, dicot_genus,@ family_Proteaceae,#m (trees or shrubs; Madagascar to Australia) }
{ macadamia, macadamia_tree, nut_tree,@ genus_Macadamia,#m (any tree of the genus Macadamia) }
{ Macadamia_integrifolia, macadamia_tree,@ genus_Macadamia,#m (medium-sized tree of eastern Australia having creamy-white flowers) }
{ macadamia_nut, macadamia_nut_tree, Macadamia_ternifolia, macadamia_tree,@ genus_Macadamia,#m noun.location:Hawaii,;r (small Australian tree with racemes of pink flowers; widely cultivated (especially in Hawaii) for its sweet edible nuts) }
{ Queensland_nut, Macadamia_tetraphylla, macadamia_tree,@ genus_Macadamia,#m (bushy tree with pink to purple flowers) }

{ Orites, genus_Orites, dicot_genus,@ family_Proteaceae,#m (small genus of Australian shrubs or trees) }
{ prickly_ash2, Orites_excelsa, tree,@ genus_Orites,#m (Australian tree having alternate simple leaves (when young they are pinnate with prickly toothed margins) and slender axillary spikes of white flowers) }
{ Persoonia, genus_Persoonia, dicot_genus,@ family_Proteaceae,#m (Australian undershrubs to small trees: geebungs) }
{ geebung, shrub,@ genus_Persoonia,#m (any of numerous shrubs and small trees having hard narrow leaves and long-lasting yellow or white flowers followed by small edible but insipid fruits) }

{ Stenocarpus, genus_Stenocarpus, dicot_genus,@ family_Proteaceae,#m (small genus of timber trees; Australia to Malaysia) }
{ wheel_tree, firewheel_tree, Stenocarpus_sinuatus, tree,@ genus_Stenocarpus,#m (eastern Australian tree widely cultivated as a shade tree and for its glossy leaves and circular clusters of showy red to orange-scarlet flowers) }
{ scrub_beefwood, beefwood3, Stenocarpus_salignus, tree,@ genus_Stenocarpus,#m (tree or tall shrub with shiny leaves and umbels of fragrant creamy-white flowers; yields hard heavy reddish wood) }

{ Telopea, genus_Telopea, dicot_genus,@ family_Proteaceae,#m (Australian evergreen shrubs: waratahs) }
{ waratah1, Telopea_Oreades, shrub,@ genus_Telopea,#m (tall shrub of eastern Australia having oblanceolate to obovate leaves and red flowers in compact racemes) }
{ waratah2, Telopea_speciosissima, shrub,@ genus_Telopea,#m (straggling shrub with narrow leaves and conspicuous red flowers in dense globular racemes) }
{ Xylomelum, genus_Xylomelum, dicot_genus,@ family_Proteaceae,#m (small species of Australian trees or shrubs; grown for their fruit and flowers) }
{ native_pear, woody_pear, Xylomelum_pyriforme, shrub,@ genus_Xylomelum,#m (tree bearing pear-shaped fruit with a thick woody epicarp) }

{ Casuarinales, order_Casuarinales, plant_order,@ class_Dicotyledones,#m (order of chiefly Australian trees and shrubs comprising the casuarinas; 1 family: Casuarinaceae) }
{ Casuarinaceae, family_Casuarinaceae, dicot_family,@ order_Casuarinales,#m (one genus: genus Casuarina) }
{ genus_Casuarina, dicot_genus,@ family_Casuarinaceae,#m (genus of trees and shrubs widely naturalized in southern United States and West Indies; coextensive with the family Casuarinaceae and order Casuarinales) }
{ casuarina, tree,@ genus_Casuarina,#m (any of various trees and shrubs of the genus Casuarina having jointed stems and whorls of scalelike leaves; some yield heavy hardwood) }
{ she-oak, casuarina,@ genus_Casuarina,#m (any of several Australian trees of the genus Casuarina) }
{ beefwood1, casuarina,@ genus_Casuarina,#m (any of several Australian trees of the genus Casuarina yielding heavy hard red wood used in cabinetwork) }
{ Australian_pine, Casuarina_equisetfolia, beefwood1,@ genus_Casuarina,#m (common Australian tree widely grown as an ornamental in tropical regions; yields heavy hard red wood) }
{ beefwood4, noun.substance:wood,@ beefwood1,#s beefwood2,#s beefwood3,#s (any of several heavy hard reddish chiefly tropical woods of the families Casuarinaceae and Proteaceae; some used for cabinetwork) }

{ Ericales, order_Ericales, plant_order,@ subclass_Dilleniidae,#m (Ericaceae; Clethraceae; Diapensiaceae; Epacridaceae; Lennoaceae; Pyrolaceae; Monotropaceae) }

{ Ericaceae, family_Ericaceae, heath_family, dilleniid_dicot_family,@ order_Ericales,@ (heathers) }
{ heath, shrub,@ heath_family,#m (a low evergreen shrub of the family Ericaceae; has small bell-shaped pink or purple flowers) }
{ genus_Erica, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Ericaceae,#m (large genus of low much-branched woody evergreens ranging from prostrate subshrubs to trees: true heaths) }
{ erica, true_heath, heath,@ genus_Erica,#m (any plant of the genus Erica) }
{ tree_heath1, briar1, brier1, Erica_arborea, erica,@ (evergreen treelike Mediterranean shrub having fragrant white flowers in large terminal panicles and hard woody roots used to make tobacco pipes) }
{ briarroot, root,@ briar1,#p (hard woody root of the briar Erica arborea) }
{ briarwood, brierwood, brier-wood, noun.substance:wood,@ briarroot,#s (wood from the hard woody root of the briar Erica arborea; used to make tobacco pipes) }
{ winter_heath, spring_heath, Erica_carnea, erica,@ (dwarf European shrub with very early blooming bell-shaped red flowers) }
{ bell_heather1, heather_bell, fine-leaved_heath, Erica_cinerea, erica,@ (common low European shrub with purple-red flowers) }
{ cross-leaved_heath, bell_heather2, Erica_tetralix, erica,@ (dwarf European shrub with rose-colored flowers) }
{ Cornish_heath, Erica_vagans, erica,@ (bushy shrub having pink to white flowers; common on the moors of Cornwall and in southwestern Europe; cultivated elsewhere) }
{ Spanish_heath, Portuguese_heath, Erica_lusitanica, erica,@ (erect dense shrub native to western Iberian peninsula having profuse white or pink flowers; naturalized in southwestern England) }
{ Prince-of-Wales'-heath, Prince_of_Wales_heath, Erica_perspicua, erica,@ (South African shrub grown for its profusion of white flowers) }

{ genus_Andromeda, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Ericaceae,#m (low-growing shrubs of northern regions of northern hemisphere) }
{ andromeda, shrub,@ genus_Andromeda,#m (any of several shrubs of the genus Andromeda having leathery leaves and clusters of small flowers) }
{ bog_rosemary, moorwort, Andromeda_glaucophylla, andromeda,@ (wiry evergreen shrub having pendent clusters of white or pink flowers; of wet acidic areas in Arctic and Canada to northeastern United States) }
{ marsh_andromeda, common_bog_rosemary, Andromeda_polifolia, andromeda,@ (erect to procumbent evergreen shrub having pendent clusters of white or pink flowers; of sphagnum peat bogs and other wet acidic areas in northern Europe) }

{ genus_Arbutus, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Ericaceae,#m (large evergreen shrubs and trees of southern Europe and western North America: strawberry tree; madrona) }
{ arbutus, shrub,@ genus_Arbutus,#m (any of several evergreen shrubs of the genus Arbutus of temperate Europe and America) }
{ madrona, madrono, manzanita2, Arbutus_menziesii, arbutus,@ (evergreen tree of the Pacific coast of North America having glossy leathery leaves and orange-red edible berries; wood used for furniture and bark for tanning) }
{ strawberry_tree, Irish_strawberry, Arbutus_unedo, arbutus,@ (small evergreen European shrubby tree bearing many-seeded scarlet berries that are edible but bland; of Ireland, southern Europe, Asia Minor) }

{ Arctostaphylos, genus_Arctostaphylos, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Ericaceae,#m (bearberry; manzanita) }
{ bearberry1, shrub,@ genus_Arctostaphylos,#m (chiefly evergreen subshrubs of northern to Arctic areas) }
{ common_bearberry, red_bearberry, wild_cranberry, mealberry, hog_cranberry, sand_berry, sandberry, mountain_box, bear's_grape, creashak, Arctostaphylos_uva-ursi, bearberry1,@ (evergreen mat-forming shrub of North America and northern Eurasia having small white flowers and red berries; leaves turn red in autumn) }
{ alpine_bearberry, black_bearberry, Arctostaphylos_alpina, bearberry1,@ (deciduous creeping shrub bright red in autumn having black or blue-black berries; alpine and circumpolar) }
{ manzanita1, shrub,@ genus_Arctostaphylos,#m (chiefly evergreen shrubs of warm dry areas of western North America) }
{ heartleaf_manzanita, Arctostaphylos_andersonii, manzanita1,@ (erect California shrub having leaves with heart-shaped lobes at the base) }
{ Parry_manzanita, Arctostaphylos_manzanita, manzanita1,@ (erect treelike shrub forming dense thickets and having drooping panicles of white or pink flowers and red berrylike drupes; California) }
{ downy_manzanita, woolly_manzanita, Arctostaphylos_tomentosa, manzanita1,@ (erect openly branched California shrub whose twigs are woolly when young) }

{ Bruckenthalia, genus_Bruckenthalia, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Ericaceae,#m (a genus containing only one species: spike heath) }
{ spike_heath, Bruckenthalia_spiculifolia, heath,@ genus_Bruckenthalia,#m (small evergreen mat-forming shrub of southern Europe and Asia Minor having stiff stems and terminal clusters of small bell-shaped flowers) }
{ genus_Bryanthus, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Ericaceae,#m (a genus allied to and once included in genus Phyllodoce) }
{ bryanthus, shrub,@ genus_Bryanthus,#m (procumbent Old World mat-forming evergreen shrub with racemes of pinkish-white flowers) }

{ Calluna, genus_Calluna, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Ericaceae,#m (one species) }
{ heather, ling1, Scots_heather, broom2, Calluna_vulgaris, heath,@ genus_Calluna,#m (common Old World heath represented by many varieties; low evergreen grown widely in the northern hemisphere) }
{ Cassiope, genus_Cassiope, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Ericaceae,#m (low tufted evergreen shrubs of colder parts of north temperate regions having moss-like foliage and nodding white or pink flowers) }
{ white_heather, Cassiope_mertensiana, heath,@ genus_Cassiope,#m (heath of mountains of western United States having bell-shaped white flowers) }
{ Chamaedaphne, genus_Chamaedaphne, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Ericaceae,#m (one species: leatherleaf) }
{ leatherleaf, Chamaedaphne_calyculata, shrub,@ genus_Chamaedaphne,#m (north temperate bog shrub with evergreen leathery leaves and small white cylindrical flowers) }

{ Daboecia, genus_Daboecia, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Ericaceae,#m (a dicotyledonous genus of the family Ericaceae) }
{ Connemara_heath, St._Dabeoc's_heath, Daboecia_cantabrica, heath,@ genus_Daboecia,#m (low straggling evergreen shrub of western Europe represented by several varieties with flowers from white to rose-purple) }

{ Epigaea, genus_Epigaea, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Ericaceae,#m (small creeping evergreen shrubs: trailing arbutus) }
{ trailing_arbutus, mayflower, Epigaea_repens, shrub,@ (low-growing evergreen shrub of eastern North America with leathery leaves and clusters of fragrant pink or white flowers) }

{ Gaultheria, genus_Gaultheria, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Ericaceae,#m (widely distributed genus of creeping or upright evergreen shrubs) }
{ creeping_snowberry, moxie_plum, maidenhair_berry, Gaultheria_hispidula, shrublet,@ genus_Gaultheria,#m (slow-growing procumbent evergreen shrublet of northern North America and Japan having white flowers and numerous white fleshy rough and hairy seeds) }
{ teaberry, wintergreen2, checkerberry, mountain_tea, groundberry1, ground-berry1, creeping_wintergreen, Gaultheria_procumbens, shrublet,@ genus_Gaultheria,#m (creeping shrub of eastern North America having white bell-shaped flowers followed by spicy red berrylike fruit and shiny aromatic leaves that yield wintergreen oil) }
{ salal, shallon, Gaultheria_shallon, shrub,@ genus_Gaultheria,#m (small evergreen shrub of Pacific coast of North America having edible dark purple grape-sized berries) }

{ Gaylussacia, genus_Gaylussacia, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Ericaceae,#m (deciduous or evergreen shrubs of North America: black huckleberries) }
{ huckleberry1, shrub,@ genus_Gaylussacia,#m (any of several shrubs of the genus Gaylussacia bearing small berries resembling blueberries) }
{ black_huckleberry, Gaylussacia_baccata, huckleberry1,@ (low shrub of the eastern United States bearing shiny black edible fruit; best known of the huckleberries) }
{ dangleberry, dangle-berry, Gaylussacia_frondosa, huckleberry1,@ (huckleberry of the eastern United States with pink flowers and sweet blue fruit) }
{ box_huckleberry, Gaylussacia_brachycera, huckleberry1,@ (creeping evergreen shrub of southeastern United States having small shiny boxlike leaves and flavorless berries) }

{ genus_Kalmia, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Ericaceae,#m (erect evergreen shrubs: mountain laurel) }
{ kalmia, shrub,@ genus_Kalmia,#m (any plant of the genus Kalmia) }
{ mountain_laurel1, wood_laurel2, American_laurel, calico_bush, Kalmia_latifolia, kalmia,@ (a North American evergreen shrub having glossy leaves and white or rose-colored flowers) }
{ swamp_laurel1, bog_laurel, bog_kalmia, Kalmia_polifolia, kalmia,@ (laurel of bogs of northwestern United States having small purple flowers and pale leaves that are glaucous beneath) }
{ sheep_laurel, pig_laurel, lambkill, Kalmia_angustifolia, kalmia,@ (North American dwarf shrub resembling mountain laurel but having narrower leaves and small red flowers; poisonous to young stock) }

{ Ledum, genus_Ledum, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Ericaceae,#m (evergreen shrubs of north temperate regions) }
{ Labrador_tea1, crystal_tea, Ledum_groenlandicum, shrub,@ genus_Ledum,#m (evergreen shrub of eastern North America having white or creamy bell-shaped flowers and dark green hairy leaves used for tea during American Revolution) }
{ trapper's_tea, glandular_Labrador_tea, shrub,@ genus_Ledum,#m (a Rocky Mountain shrub similar to Ledum groenlandicum) }
{ wild_rosemary, marsh_tea, Ledum_palustre, shrub,@ genus_Ledum,#m (bog shrub of northern and central Europe and eastern Siberia to Korea and Japan) }

{ Leiophyllum, genus_Leiophyllum, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Ericaceae,#m (one species: sand myrtle) }
{ sand_myrtle, Leiophyllum_buxifolium, shrub,@ genus_Leiophyllum,#m (low-growing evergreen shrub of New Jersey to Florida grown for its many white star-shaped flowers and glossy foliage) }

{ genus_Leucothoe, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Ericaceae,#m (American and Asiatic deciduous and evergreen shrubs) }
{ leucothoe, shrub,@ genus_Leucothoe,#m (any plant of the genus Leucothoe; grown for their beautiful white flowers; glossy foliage contains a poisonous substance similar to that found in genus Kalmia) }
{ dog_laurel, dog_hobble, switch-ivy, Leucothoe_fontanesiana, Leucothoe_editorum, shrub,@ genus_Leucothoe,#m (fast-growing evergreen shrub of southeastern United States having arching interlaced branches and racemes of white flowers) }
{ sweet_bells, Leucothoe_racemosa, shrub,@ genus_Leucothoe,#m (bushy deciduous shrub of the eastern United States with long racemes of pinkish flowers) }

{ Loiseleuria, genus_Loiseleuria, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Ericaceae,#m (one species: alpine azalea) }
{ alpine_azalea, mountain_azalea, Loiseleuria_procumbens, shrub,@ genus_Loiseleuria,#m (creeping mat-forming evergreen shrub of high mountain regions of northern hemisphere grown for its rose-pink flowers) }

{ Lyonia, genus_Lyonia, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Ericaceae,#m (evergreen or deciduous shrubs or small trees of United States to Antilles and eastern Asia to the Himalaya) }
{ staggerbush, stagger_bush, Lyonia_mariana, shrub,@ genus_Lyonia,#m (deciduous shrub of coastal plain of the eastern United States having nodding pinkish-white flowers; poisonous to stock) }
{ maleberry, male_berry, privet_andromeda, he-huckleberry, Lyonia_ligustrina, shrub,@ genus_Lyonia,#m (deciduous much-branched shrub with dense downy panicles of small bell-shaped white flowers) }
{ fetterbush1, fetter_bush, shiny_lyonia, Lyonia_lucida, shrub,@ genus_Lyonia,#m (showy evergreen shrub of southeastern United States with shiny leaves and angled branches and clusters of pink to reddish flowers that resemble an umbel) }

{ Menziesia, genus_Menziesia, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Ericaceae,#m (deciduous shrubs of North America and eastern Asia) }
{ false_azalea, fool's_huckleberry, Menziesia_ferruginea, shrub,@ genus_Menziesia,#m (straggling shrub of northwestern North America having foliage with a bluish tinge and umbels of small bell-shaped flowers) }
{ minniebush, minnie_bush, Menziesia_pilosa, shrub,@ genus_Menziesia,#m (low shrub of the eastern United States with downy twigs) }

{ Oxydendrum, genus_Oxydendrum, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Ericaceae,#m (sourwood) }
{ sorrel_tree2, sourwood, titi2, Oxydendrum_arboreum, angiospermous_tree,@ genus_Oxydendrum,#m (deciduous shrubby tree of eastern North America having deeply fissured bark and sprays of small fragrant white flowers and sour-tasting leaves) }

{ Phyllodoce, genus_Phyllodoce, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Ericaceae,#m (small genus of evergreen Arctic and alpine shrubs) }
{ mountain_heath, Phyllodoce_caerulea, Bryanthus_taxifolius, heath,@ genus_Phyllodoce,#m (small shrub with tiny evergreen leaves and pink or purple flowers; Alpine summits and high ground in Asia and Europe and United States) }
{ purple_heather, Brewer's_mountain_heather, Phyllodoce_breweri, heath,@ genus_Phyllodoce,#m (semi-prostrate evergreen herb of western United States) }

{ Pieris, genus_Pieris, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Ericaceae,#m (decorative evergreen shrubs of woody vines) }
{ andromeda2, Japanese_andromeda, lily-of-the-valley_tree, Pieris_japonica, shrub,@ genus_Pieris,#m (broad-leaved evergreen Asiatic shrub with glossy leaves and drooping clusters of white flowers) }
{ fetterbush2, mountain_fetterbush, mountain_andromeda, Pieris_floribunda, shrub,@ genus_Pieris,#m (ornamental evergreen shrub of southeastern United States having small white bell-shaped flowers) }

{ genus_Rhododendron, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Ericaceae,#m (large genus of evergreen shrubs native to cooler regions of the northern hemisphere having showy flowers) }
{ rhododendron, shrub,@ genus_Rhododendron,#m (any shrub of the genus Rhododendron: evergreen shrubs or small shrubby trees having leathery leaves and showy clusters of campanulate (bell-shaped) flowers) }
{ coast_rhododendron, Rhododendron_californicum, rhododendron,@ (medium-sized rhododendron of Pacific coast of North America having large rosy brown-spotted flowers) }
{ rosebay, Rhododendron_maxima, rhododendron,@ (late-spring-blooming rhododendron of eastern North America having rosy to pink-purple flowers) }
{ swamp_azalea, swamp_honeysuckle, white_honeysuckle2, Rhododendron_viscosum, rhododendron,@ (shrub growing in swamps throughout the eastern United States and having small white to pinkish flowers resembling honeysuckle) }
{ subgenus_Azalea, Azaleastrum, subgenus_Azaleastrum, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ genus_Rhododendron,#m (group of evergreen or deciduous shrubs formerly considered a separate genus; now included in the genus Rhododendron) }
{ azalea, rhododendron,@ subgenus_Azaleastrum,#m (any of numerous ornamental shrubs grown for their showy flowers of various colors) }

{ Vaccinium, genus_Vaccinium, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Ericaceae,#m (evergreen or deciduous berry-bearing shrubs of northern hemisphere: cranberries; blueberries) }
{ cranberry, shrub,@ genus_Vaccinium,#m (any of numerous shrubs of genus Vaccinium bearing cranberries) }
{ American_cranberry, large_cranberry, Vaccinium_macrocarpon, cranberry,@ (trailing red-fruited plant) }
{ European_cranberry, small_cranberry, Vaccinium_oxycoccus, cranberry,@ (small red-fruited trailing cranberry of Arctic and cool regions of the northern hemisphere) }
{ blueberry, blueberry_bush, shrub,@ genus_Vaccinium,#m (any of numerous shrubs of the genus Vaccinium bearing blueberries) }
{ huckleberry2, blueberry,@ (any of various dark-fruited as distinguished from blue-fruited blueberries) }
{ farkleberry, sparkleberry, Vaccinium_arboreum, blueberry,@ (shrub or small tree of eastern United States having black inedible berries) }
{ low-bush_blueberry, low_blueberry, Vaccinium_angustifolium, Vaccinium_pennsylvanicum, blueberry,@ (low-growing deciduous shrub of northeastern North America having flowers in compact racemes and bearing sweet dark blue berries) }
{ rabbiteye_blueberry, rabbit-eye_blueberry, rabbiteye, Vaccinium_ashei, blueberry,@ (shrub of southeastern United States grown commercially especially for canning industry) }
{ dwarf_bilberry, dwarf_blueberry, Vaccinium_caespitosum, blueberry,@ (low-growing tufted deciduous shrub of northern and alpine North America having pink to coral-red flowers followed by sweet blue berries) }
{ high-bush_blueberry, tall_bilberry, swamp_blueberry, Vaccinium_corymbosum, blueberry,@ (high-growing deciduous shrub of eastern North America bearing edible blueish to blackish berries with a distinct bloom; source of most cultivated blueberries) }
{ evergreen_blueberry, Vaccinium_myrsinites, blueberry,@ (shrub of the eastern United States having shining evergreen leaves and bluish-black fruit) }
{ evergreen_huckleberry, Vaccinium_ovatum, blueberry,@ (stiff bushy evergreen shrub of western North America having sour black berries and glossy green foliage used in floral arrangements) }
{ bilberry1, thin-leaved_bilberry, mountain_blue_berry, Viccinium_membranaceum, blueberry,@ (erect blueberry of western United States having solitary flowers and somewhat sour berries) }
{ bilberry2, whortleberry, whinberry, blaeberry, Viccinium_myrtillus, blueberry,@ (erect European blueberry having solitary flowers and blue-black berries) }
{ bog_bilberry, bog_whortleberry, moor_berry, Vaccinium_uliginosum_alpinum, blueberry,@ (an evergreen shrub with leathery leaves) }
{ dryland_blueberry, dryland_berry, Vaccinium_pallidum, blueberry,@ (low deciduous shrub of the eastern United States bearing dark blue sweet berries) }
{ grouseberry, grouse-berry, grouse_whortleberry, Vaccinium_scoparium, blueberry,@ (shrub of northwestern North America bearing red berries) }
{ deerberry, squaw_huckleberry, Vaccinium_stamineum, blueberry,@ (small branching blueberry common in marshy areas of the eastern United States having greenish or yellowish unpalatable berries reputedly eaten by deer) }
{ cowberry, mountain_cranberry, lingonberry, lingenberry, lingberry, foxberry, Vaccinium_vitis-idaea, cranberry,@ (low evergreen shrub of high north temperate regions of Europe and Asia and America bearing red edible berries) }

(++)
{ Clethraceae, family_Clethraceae, white-alder_family, dilleniid_dicot_family,@ order_Ericales,#m (coextensive with the genus Clethra) }
{ Clethra, genus_Clethra, dicot_genus,@ family_Clethraceae,#m (type and sole genus of the Clethraceae; deciduous shrubs or small trees: white alder, summer-sweet) }
{ sweet_pepperbush, pepper_bush, summer_sweet, white_alder2, Clethra_alnifolia, shrub,@ (shrub of eastern and southern coastal United States having beautiful racemes of spice-scented white flowers) }

(++)
{ Diapensiaceae, family_Diapensiaceae, diapensia_family, dilleniid_dicot_family,@ order_Ericales,#m (north temperate low evergreen plants; in some classifications placed in its own order Diapensiales) }
{ Diapensiales, order_Diapensiales, plant_order,@ class_Dicotyledones,#m (used in some classifications: coextensive with family Diapensiaceae) }
{ genus_Diapensia, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Diapensiaceae,#m (type genus of Diapensiaceae) }
{ diapensia, subshrub,@ genus_Diapensia,#m (any boreal low-growing evergreen plant of the genus Diapensia) }
{ genus_Galax, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Diapensiaceae,#m (evergreen herbs of southeastern United States) }
{ galax, galaxy, wandflower1, beetleweed, coltsfoot1, Galax_urceolata, herb,@ genus_Galax,#m (tufted evergreen perennial herb having spikes of tiny white flowers and glossy green round to heart-shaped leaves that become coppery to maroon or purplish in fall) }
{ Pyxidanthera, genus_Pyxidanthera, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Diapensiaceae,#m (one species: pyxie; the eastern United States) }
{ pyxie, pixie, pixy, Pyxidanthera_barbulata, shrub,@ genus_Pyxidanthera,#m (creeping evergreen shrub having narrow overlapping leaves and early white star-shaped flowers; of the pine barrens of New Jersey and the Carolinas) }
{ genus_Shortia, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Diapensiaceae,#m (evergreen perennial herbs of North America and eastern Asia: oconee bells) }
{ shortia, flower,@ genus_Shortia,#m (any plant of the genus Shortia; evergreen perennial herbs with smooth leathery basal leaves and showy white solitary flowers) }
{ oconee_bells, Shortia_galacifolia, shortia,@ (plant of southeastern United States having solitary white funnel-shaped flowers flushed with pink and large glossy green leaves that turn bronze-red in fall) }

(++)
{ Epacridaceae, family_Epacridaceae, epacris_family, dilleniid_dicot_family,@ order_Ericales,#m (Australasian shrubs or small trees) }
{ Australian_heath, shrub,@ family_Epacridaceae,#m (any heathlike plant of the family Epacridaceae; most are of the Australian region) }
{ genus_Epacris, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Epacridaceae,#m (type genus of the Epacridaceae: Australian heath) }
{ epacris, Australian_heath,@ genus_Epacris,#m (any heathlike evergreen shrub of the genus Epacris grown for their showy and crowded spikes of small bell-shaped or tubular flowers) }
{ common_heath1, Epacris_impressa, epacris,@ (spindly upright shrub of southern Australia and Tasmania having white to rose or purple-red flowers) }
{ common_heath2, blunt-leaf_heath, Epacris_obtusifolia, epacris,@ (small erect shrub of Australia and Tasmania with fragrant ivory flowers) }
{ Port_Jackson_heath, Epacris_purpurascens, epacris,@ (small shrub of southern and western Australia having pinkish to rosy purple tubular flowers) }

{ Astroloma, genus_Astroloma, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Epacridaceae,#m (evergreen shrubs of Australia and Tasmania) }
{ native_cranberry, groundberry2, ground-berry2, cranberry_heath, Astroloma_humifusum, Styphelia_humifusum, shrub,@ genus_Astroloma,#m (small prostrate or ascending shrub having scarlet flowers and succulent fruit resembling cranberries; sometimes placed in genus Styphelia) }

{ Richea, genus_Richea, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Epacridaceae,#m (evergreen trees or shrubs of mountains of Australia and Tasmania) }
{ Australian_grass_tree2, Richea_dracophylla, Australian_heath,@ genus_Richea,#m (stout Australian shrub with narrow leaves crowded at ends of branches and terminal clusters of white or pink flowers) }
{ tree_heath2, grass_tree2, Richea_pandanifolia, Australian_heath,@ genus_Richea,#m (gaunt Tasmanian evergreen shrubby tree with slender tapering leaves 3 to 5 feet long) }

{ Styphelia, genus_Styphelia, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Epacridaceae,#m (Australian heathlike shrubs) }
{ pink_fivecorner, Styphelia_triflora, shrub,@ genus_Styphelia,#m (heathlike shrub of southwestern Australia grown for its sharply scented foliage and pink flowers followed by pentagonal fruit) }

{ Lennoaceae, family_Lennoaceae, dilleniid_dicot_family,@ order_Ericales,#m (family of fleshy parasitic herbs lacking green foliage and having heads of small flowers; California and Mexico) }

(++)
{ Pyrolaceae, family_Pyrolaceae, wintergreen_family, dilleniid_dicot_family,@ order_Ericales,#m (evergreen herbs of temperate regions: genera Pyrola, Chimaphila, Moneses, Orthilia) }
{ genus_Pyrola, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Pyrolaceae,#m (short-stemmed perennial herbs of cool or temperate regions: wintergreen; shinleaf) }
{ wintergreen, pyrola, herb,@ genus_Pyrola,#m (any of several evergreen perennials of the genus Pyrola) }
{ false_wintergreen, Pyrola_americana, Pyrola_rotundifolia_americana, wintergreen,@ (evergreen of eastern North America with leathery leaves and numerous white flowers) }
{ lesser_wintergreen, Pyrola_minor, wintergreen,@ (the common wintergreen having many-flowered racemes of pink-tinged white flowers; Europe and North America) }
{ wild_lily_of_the_valley1, shinleaf2, Pyrola_elliptica, wintergreen,@ (North American evergreen with small pinkish bell-shaped flowers and oblong leaves used formerly for shinplasters) }
{ wild_lily_of_the_valley2, Pyrola_rotundifolia, wintergreen,@ (evergreen with rounded leaves and very fragrant creamy-white flowers; widely distributed in northern parts of Old and New Worlds) }

{ Orthilia, genus_Orthilia, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Pyrolaceae,#m (a shrubby perennial rhizomatous evergreen herb; grows in damp coniferous woodlands in northern temperate regions) }

{ Chimaphila, genus_Chimaphila, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Pyrolaceae,#m (small genus of evergreen herbs with long creeping rootstocks and shining leaves; North America; Europe; east Asia) }
{ pipsissewa, prince's_pine, herb,@ genus_Chimaphila,#m (any of several plants of the genus Chimaphila) }
{ love-in-winter, western_prince's_pine, Chimaphila_umbellata, Chimaphila_corymbosa, pipsissewa,@ (Eurasian herb with white or pinkish flowers in a terminal corymb) }
{ Moneses, genus_Moneses, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Pyrolaceae,#m (one species: one-flowered wintergreen; sometimes included in genus Pyrola) }
{ one-flowered_wintergreen, one-flowered_pyrola, Moneses_uniflora, Pyrola_uniflora, herb,@ genus_Moneses,#m (delicate evergreen dwarf herb of north temperate regions having a solitary white terminal flower; sometimes placed in genus Pyrola) }

{ Monotropaceae, family_Monotropaceae, dilleniid_dicot_family,@ order_Ericales,#m (used in some classification for saprophytic herbs sometimes included in the family Pyrolaceae: genera Monotropa and Sarcodes) }
{ Monotropa, genus_Monotropa, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Monotropaceae,#m (leafless fleshy saprophytic plants; in some classifications placed in the family Pyrolaceae) }
{ Indian_pipe, waxflower1, Monotropa_uniflora, wildflower,@ genus_Monotropa,#m (small waxy white or pinkish-white saprophytic woodland plant having scalelike leaves and a nodding flower; turns black with age) }
{ Hypopitys, genus_Hypopitys, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Monotropaceae,#m (term used in some classifications for the pinesaps, which are usually included in the genus Monotropa) }
{ pinesap, false_beachdrops, Monotropa_hypopithys, wildflower,@ genus_Monotropa,#m (fleshy tawny or reddish saprophytic herb resembling the Indian pipe and growing in woodland humus of eastern North America; in some classifications placed in a separate genus Hypopitys) }
{ Sarcodes, genus_Sarcodes, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Monotropaceae,#m (snow plant; in some classifications placed in family Pyrolaceae) }
{ snow_plant, Sarcodes_sanguinea, wildflower,@ genus_Sarcodes,#m (a fleshy bright red saprophytic plant of the mountains of western North America that appears in early spring while snow is on the ground) }

{ Fagales, order_Fagales, plant_order,@ subclass_Hamamelidae,#m (an order of dicotyledonous trees of the subclass Hamamelidae) }
(==)
{ Fagaceae, family_Fagaceae, beech_family, hamamelid_dicot_family,@ order_Fagales,#m (chiefly monoecious trees and shrubs: beeches; chestnuts; oaks; genera Castanea, Castanopsis, Chrysolepis, Fagus, Lithocarpus, Nothofagus, Quercus) }
{ Fagus, genus_Fagus, hamamelid_dicot_genus,@ family_Fagaceae,#m (beeches) }
{ beech, beech_tree, tree,@ genus_Fagus,#m (any of several large deciduous trees with rounded spreading crowns and smooth grey bark and small sweet edible triangular nuts enclosed in burs; north temperate regions) }
{ beech2, beechwood, noun.substance:wood,@ beech_tree,#s (wood of any of various beech trees; used for flooring and containers and plywood and tool handles) }
{ common_beech, European_beech, Fagus_sylvatica, beech,@ genus_Fagus,#m (large European beech with minutely-toothed leaves; widely planted as an ornamental in North America) }
{ copper_beech, purple_beech, Fagus_sylvatica_atropunicea, Fagus_purpurea, Fagus_sylvatica_purpurea, beech,@ genus_Fagus,#m (variety of European beech with shining purple or copper-colored leaves) }
{ American_beech, white_beech, red_beech1, Fagus_grandifolia, Fagus_americana, beech,@ genus_Fagus,#m (North American forest tree with light green leaves and edible nuts) }
{ weeping_beech, Fagus_pendula, Fagus_sylvatica_pendula, beech,@ genus_Fagus,#m (variety of European beech with pendulous limbs) }
{ Japanese_beech, beech,@ genus_Fagus,#m (a beech native to Japan having soft light yellowish-brown wood) }

{ Castanea, genus_Castanea, hamamelid_dicot_genus,@ family_Fagaceae,#m (chestnuts; chinkapins) }
{ chestnut, chestnut_tree, tree,@ genus_Castanea,#m (any of several attractive deciduous trees yellow-brown in autumn; yield a hard wood and edible nuts in a prickly bur) }
{ chestnut2, noun.substance:wood,@ chestnut_tree,#s (wood of any of various chestnut trees of the genus Castanea) }
{ American_chestnut, American_sweet_chestnut, Castanea_dentata, chestnut,@ genus_Castanea,#m (large tree found from Maine to Alabama) }
{ European_chestnut, sweet_chestnut, Spanish_chestnut, Castanea_sativa, chestnut,@ (wild or cultivated throughout southern Europe, northwestern Africa and southwestern Asia) }
{ Chinese_chestnut, Castanea_mollissima, chestnut,@ genus_Castanea,#m (a small tree with small sweet nuts; wild or naturalized in Korea and China) }
{ Japanese_chestnut, Castanea_crenata, chestnut,@ genus_Castanea,#m (a spreading tree of Japan that has a short trunk) }
{ Allegheny_chinkapin, eastern_chinquapin, chinquapin1, dwarf_chestnut, Castanea_pumila, chestnut,@ genus_Castanea,#m (shrubby chestnut tree of southeastern United States having small edible nuts) }
{ Ozark_chinkapin, Ozark_chinquapin, chinquapin2, Castanea_ozarkensis, chestnut,@ genus_Castanea,#m (shrubby tree closely related to the Allegheny chinkapin but with larger leaves; southern midwestern United States) }

{ Castanopsis, genus_Castanopsis, hamamelid_dicot_genus,@ family_Fagaceae,#m (evergreen trees and shrubs of warm regions valued for their foliage; southeastern United States and eastern Australia and northern New Zealand) }
{ oak_chestnut, tree,@ genus_Castanopsis,#m (a tree of the genus Castanopsis) }

{ Chrysolepis, genus_Chrysolepis, hamamelid_dicot_genus,@ family_Fagaceae,#m (two species: golden chinkapins) }
{ giant_chinkapin, golden_chinkapin, Chrysolepis_chrysophylla, Castanea_chrysophylla, Castanopsis_chrysophylla, tree,@ genus_Chrysolepis,#m (small ornamental evergreen tree of Pacific Coast whose glossy yellow-green leaves are yellow beneath; bears edible nuts) }
{ dwarf_golden_chinkapin, Chrysolepis_sempervirens, shrub,@ genus_Chrysolepis,#m (evergreen shrub similar to golden chinkapin; mountains of California) }

{ Lithocarpus, genus_Lithocarpus, hamamelid_dicot_genus,@ family_Fagaceae,#m (tanbark oaks) }
{ tanbark_oak, Lithocarpus_densiflorus, tree,@ genus_Lithocarpus,#m (evergreen tree of the Pacific coast area having large leathery leaves; yields tanbark) }
{ Japanese_oak1, Lithocarpus_glabra, Lithocarpus_glaber, tanbark_oak,@ (small evergreen tree of China and Japan) }
{ tanbark, bark,@ (bark rich in tannin; bruised and cut in pieces to use for tanning; spent tanbark used as a ground covering) }

(==)
{ Nothofagus, genus_Nothofagus, hamamelid_dicot_genus,@ family_Fagaceae,#m (beeches of temperate southern hemisphere except Africa: southern beech) }
{ southern_beech, evergreen_beech, tree,@ genus_Nothofagus,#m (any of various beeches of the southern hemisphere having small usually evergreen leaves) }
{ myrtle_beech, Nothofagus_cuninghamii, southern_beech,@ (large evergreen tree of Tasmania) }
{ Coigue, Nothofagus_dombeyi, southern_beech,@ genus_Nothofagus,#m (Chilean evergreen whose leafy boughs are used for thatching) }
{ New_Zealand_beech, southern_beech,@ genus_Nothofagus,#m (any of several tall New Zealand trees of the genus Nothofagus; some yield useful timber) }
{ silver_beech, Nothofagus_menziesii, New_Zealand_beech,@ genus_Nothofagus,#m (New Zealand beech with usually pale silvery bark) }
{ roble_beech, Nothofagus_obliqua, southern_beech,@ genus_Nothofagus,#m (tall deciduous South American tree) }
{ rauli_beech, Nothofagus_procera, southern_beech,@ genus_Nothofagus,#m (large Chilean timber tree yielding coarse lumber) }
{ black_beech, Nothofagus_solanderi, southern_beech,@ genus_Nothofagus,#m (New Zealand forest tree) }
{ hard_beech, Nothofagus_truncata, southern_beech,@ genus_Nothofagus,#m (tall New Zealand tree yielding very hard wood) }

{ acorn, fruit,@ oak,#p (fruit of the oak tree: a smooth thin-walled nut in a woody cup-shaped base) }
{ cup, plant_organ,@ (cup-shaped plant organ) }
{ [ cupule, adj.all:concave^cupular,+ ] acorn_cup, cup,@ acorn,#p (cup-shaped structure of hardened bracts at the base of an acorn) }

{ Quercus, genus_Quercus, hamamelid_dicot_genus,@ family_Fagaceae,#m (oaks) }
{ oak, oak_tree, tree,@ genus_Quercus,#m (a deciduous tree of the genus Quercus; has acorns and lobed leaves; "great oaks grow from little acorns") }
{ oak2, noun.substance:wood,@ oak,#s (the hard durable wood of any oak; used especially for furniture and flooring) }
{ fumed_oak, oak2,@ (oak given a weathered appearance by exposure to fumes of ammonia; used for cabinetwork) }
{ live_oak, oak,@ (any of several American evergreen oaks) }
{ coast_live_oak, California_live_oak, Quercus_agrifolia, live_oak,@ (highly variable often shrubby evergreen oak of coastal zone of western North America having small thick usually spiny-toothed dark-green leaves) }
{ white_oak, oak,@ (any of numerous Old World and American oaks having 6 to 8 stamens in each floret, acorns that mature in one year and leaf veins that never extend beyond the margin of the leaf) }
{ American_white_oak, Quercus_alba, white_oak,@ (large slow-growing deciduous tree of the eastern United States having stout spreading branches and leaves with usually 7 rounded lobes; yields strong and durable hard wood) }
{ Arizona_white_oak, Quercus_arizonica, white_oak,@ (semi-evergreen shrub or small tree of Arizona and New Mexico having acorns with hemispherical cups) }
{ swamp_white_oak, swamp_oak1, Quercus_bicolor, white_oak,@ (large deciduous oak of the eastern United States with a flaky bark and leaves that have fewer lobes than other white oaks; yields heavy strong wood used in construction; thrives in wet soil) }
{ European_turkey_oak, turkey_oak4, Quercus_cerris, oak,@ (large deciduous tree of central and southern Europe and Asia Minor having lanceolate leaves with spiked lobes) }
{ canyon_oak, canyon_live_oak, maul_oak, iron_oak2, Quercus_chrysolepis, live_oak,@ (medium-sized evergreen of southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico with oblong leathery often spiny-edged leaves) }
{ scarlet_oak, Quercus_coccinea, oak,@ (medium-large deciduous tree with a thick trunk found in the eastern United States and southern Canada and having close-grained wood and deeply seven-lobed leaves turning scarlet in autumn) }
{ jack_oak1, northern_pin_oak, Quercus_ellipsoidalis, oak,@ (small to medium deciduous oak of east central North America; leaves have sharply pointed lobes) }
{ red_oak, oak,@ (any of numerous American oaks having 4 stamens in each floret, acorns requiring two years to mature and leaf veins usually extending beyond the leaf margin to form points or bristles) }
{ southern_red_oak, swamp_red_oak, turkey_oak1, Quercus_falcata, red_oak,@ (large round-topped deciduous tree with spreading branches having narrow falcate leaves with deeply sinuate lobes and wood similar to that of northern red oaks; New Jersey to Illinois and southward) }
{ Oregon_white_oak, Oregon_oak, Garry_oak, Quercus_garryana, white_oak,@ (small deciduous tree of western North America with crooked branches and pale grey bark) }
{ holm_oak, holm_tree, holly-leaved_oak, evergreen_oak, Quercus_ilex, oak,@ (evergreen oak of southern Europe having leaves somewhat resembling those of holly; yields a hard wood) }
{ holm_oak1, oak2,@ (hard wood of the holm oak tree) }
{ bear_oak, Quercus_ilicifolia, scrub_oak,@ (shrubby oak of southeastern United States usually forming dense thickets) }
{ shingle_oak, laurel_oak2, Quercus_imbricaria, oak,@ (small deciduous tree of eastern and central United States having leaves that shine like laurel; wood is used in western states for shingles) }
{ bluejack_oak, turkey_oak3, Quercus_incana, oak,@ (small semi-evergreen shrubby tree of southeastern United States having hairy young branchlets and leaves narrowing to a slender bristly point) }
{ California_black_oak, Quercus_kelloggii, oak,@ (large deciduous tree of the Pacific coast having deeply parted bristle-tipped leaves) }
{ American_turkey_oak, turkey_oak2, Quercus_laevis, oak,@ (small slow-growing deciduous shrubby tree of dry sandy barrens of southeastern United States having leaves with bristle-tipped lobes resembling turkey's toes) }
{ laurel_oak1, pin_oak2, Quercus_laurifolia, oak,@ (large nearly semi-evergreen oak of southeastern United States; thrives in damp soil) }
{ California_white_oak, valley_oak, valley_white_oak, roble1, Quercus_lobata, white_oak,@ (tall graceful deciduous California oak having leathery leaves and slender pointed acorns) }
{ overcup_oak, Quercus_lyrata, oak,@ (medium-large deciduous timber tree of central and southern United States; acorns deeply immersed in the cup and mature in first year) }
{ bur_oak, burr_oak, mossy-cup_oak, mossycup_oak, Quercus_macrocarpa, white_oak,@ (medium to large deciduous oak of central and eastern North America with ovoid acorns deeply immersed in large fringed cups; yields tough close-grained wood) }
{ scrub_oak, oak,@ (any of various chiefly American small shrubby oaks often a dominant form on thin dry soils sometimes forming dense thickets) }
{ blackjack_oak, blackjack, jack_oak2, Quercus_marilandica, scrub_oak,@ (a common scrubby deciduous tree of central and southeastern United States having dark bark and broad three-lobed (club-shaped) leaves; tends to form dense thickets) }
{ swamp_chestnut_oak, Quercus_michauxii, chestnut_oak,@ (medium to large deciduous tree of moist areas of southeastern United States similar to the basket oak) }
{ Japanese_oak2, Quercus_mongolica, Quercus_grosseserrata, oak,@ genus_Quercus,#m (oak with moderately light fine-grained wood; Japan) }
{ chestnut_oak, oak,@ (an oak having leaves resembling those of chestnut trees) }
{ chinquapin_oak, chinkapin_oak, yellow_chestnut_oak, Quercus_muehlenbergii, chestnut_oak,@ (medium-sized deciduous tree of the eastern United States that yields a strong durable wood) }
{ myrtle_oak, seaside_scrub_oak, Quercus_myrtifolia, scrub_oak,@ (small evergreen shrub or tree of southeastern United States; often forms almost impenetrable thickets in sandy coastal areas) }
{ water_oak, possum_oak, Quercus_nigra, oak,@ (relatively tall deciduous water oak of southeastern United States often cultivated as a shade tree; thrives in wet soil) }
{ Nuttall_oak, Nuttall's_oak, Quercus_nuttalli, oak,@ (similar to the pin oak; grows in damp sites in Mississippi River basin) }
{ durmast, Quercus_petraea, Quercus_sessiliflora, white_oak,@ (deciduous European oak valued for its tough elastic wood) }
{ basket_oak, cow_oak, Quercus_prinus, Quercus_montana, chestnut_oak,@ (medium to large deciduous tree of the eastern United States; its durable wood is used as timber or split and woven into baskets or chair seats) }
{ pin_oak1, swamp_oak2, Quercus_palustris, oak,@ (fast-growing medium to large pyramidal deciduous tree of northeastern United States and southeastern Canada having deeply pinnatifid leaves that turn bright red in autumn; thrives in damp soil) }
{ willow_oak, Quercus_phellos, oak,@ (medium to large deciduous oak of the eastern United States having long lanceolate leaves and soft strong wood)}
{ dwarf_chinkapin_oak, dwarf_chinquapin_oak, dwarf_oak, Quercus_prinoides, chestnut_oak,@ (deciduous shrubby tree of northeastern and central United States having a sweet edible nut and often forming dense thickets) }
{ common_oak, English_oak, pedunculate_oak, Quercus_robur, white_oak,@ (medium to large deciduous European oak having smooth leaves with rounded lobes; yields hard strong light-colored wood) }
{ northern_red_oak, Quercus_rubra, Quercus_borealis, red_oak,@ (large symmetrical deciduous tree with rounded crown widely distributed in eastern North America; has large leaves with triangular spiny tipped lobes and coarse-grained wood less durable than that of white oaks) }
{ Shumard_oak, Shumard_red_oak, Quercus_shumardii, red_oak,@ (large deciduous red oak of southern and eastern United States having large seven-lobed to nine-lobed elliptical leaves, large acorns and medium hard coarse-grained wood) }
{ post_oak, box_white_oak, brash_oak, iron_oak1, Quercus_stellata, oak,@ (small deciduous tree of eastern and central United States having dark green lyrate pinnatifid leaves and tough moisture-resistant wood used especially for fence posts) }
{ cork_oak, Quercus_suber, oak,@ (medium-sized evergreen oak of southern Europe and northern Africa having thick corky bark that is periodically stripped to yield commercial cork) }
{ Spanish_oak, Quercus_texana, oak,@ (small deciduous tree having the trunk branched almost from the base with spreading branches; Texas and southern Oklahoma) }
{ huckleberry_oak, Quercus_vaccinifolia, shrub,@ genus_Quercus,#m (a low spreading or prostrate shrub of southwestern United States with small acorns and leaves resembling those of the huckleberry) }
{ Chinese_cork_oak, Quercus_variabilis, oak,@ (medium to large deciduous tree of China, Japan, and Korea having thick corky bark) }
{ black_oak, yellow_oak, quercitron, quercitron_oak, Quercus_velutina, oak,@ (medium to large deciduous timber tree of the eastern United States and southeastern Canada having dark outer bark and yellow inner bark used for tanning; broad five-lobed leaves are bristle-tipped) }
{ southern_live_oak, Quercus_virginiana, live_oak,@ (medium-sized evergreen native to eastern North America to the east coast of Mexico; often cultivated as shade tree for it wide-spreading crown; extremely hard tough durable wood once used in shipbuilding) }
{ interior_live_oak, Quercus_wislizenii, Quercus_wizlizenii, live_oak,@ (a small shrubby evergreen tree of western North America similar to the coast live oak but occurring chiefly in foothills of mountain ranges removed from the coast; an important part of the chaparral) }
{ mast, nut,@ (nuts of forest trees (as beechnuts and acorns) accumulated on the ground) }

{ [ Betulaceae, adj.pert:betulaceous,+ ] family_Betulaceae, birch_family, hamamelid_dicot_family,@ order_Fagales,#m (monoecious trees and shrubs (including the genera Betula and Alnus and Carpinus and Corylus and Ostrya and Ostryopsis)) }
{ Betula, genus_Betula, hamamelid_dicot_genus,@ family_Betulaceae,#m (a genus of trees of the family Betulaceae (such as birches)) }
{ birch, birch_tree, tree,@ genus_Betula,#m (any betulaceous tree or shrub of the genus Betula having a thin peeling bark) }
{ birch2, noun.substance:wood,@ birch_tree,#s (hard close-grained wood of any of various birch trees; used especially in furniture and interior finishes and plywood) }
{ yellow_birch, Betula_alleghaniensis, Betula_leutea, birch,@ genus_Betula,#m (tree of eastern North America with thin lustrous yellow or grey bark) }
{ American_white_birch, paper_birch, paperbark_birch, canoe_birch, Betula_cordifolia, Betula_papyrifera, birch,@ genus_Betula,#m (small American birch with peeling white bark often worked into e.g. baskets or toy canoes) }
{ grey_birch, gray_birch, American_grey_birch, American_gray_birch, Betula_populifolia, birch,@ genus_Betula,#m (medium-sized birch of eastern North America having white or pale grey bark and valueless wood; occurs often as a second-growth forest tree) }
{ silver_birch, common_birch, European_white_birch, Betula_pendula, birch,@ genus_Betula,#m (European birch with silvery white peeling bark and markedly drooping branches) }
{ downy_birch, white_birch, Betula_pubescens, birch,@ genus_Betula,#m (European birch with dull white to pale brown bark and somewhat drooping hairy branches) }
{ black_birch1, river_birch, red_birch, Betula_nigra, birch,@ genus_Betula,#m (birch of swamps and river bottoms throughout the eastern United States having reddish-brown bark) }
{ sweet_birch, cherry_birch, black_birch2, Betula_lenta, birch,@ genus_Betula,#m (common birch of the eastern United States having spicy brown bark yielding a volatile oil and hard dark wood used for furniture) }
{ Yukon_white_birch, Betula_neoalaskana, birch,@ genus_Betula,#m (Alaskan birch with white to pale brown bark) }
{ swamp_birch, water_birch, mountain_birch, Western_paper_birch, Western_birch, Betula_fontinalis, birch,@ genus_Betula,#m (birch of western United States resembling the paper birch but having brownish bark) }
{ Newfoundland_dwarf_birch, American_dwarf_birch, Betula_glandulosa, birch,@ genus_Betula,#m (small shrub of colder parts of North America and Greenland) }

{ Alnus, genus_Alnus, hamamelid_dicot_genus,@ family_Betulaceae,#m (alders) }
{ alder, alder_tree, tree,@ genus_Alnus,#m (north temperate shrubs or trees having toothed leaves and conelike fruit; bark is used in tanning and dyeing and the wood is rot-resistant) }
{ alder2, noun.substance:wood,@ alder_tree,#s (wood of any of various alder trees; resistant to underwater rot; used for bridges etc) }
{ common_alder, European_black_alder, Alnus_glutinosa, Alnus_vulgaris, alder,@ genus_Alnus,#m (medium-sized tree with brown-black bark and woody fruiting catkins; leaves are hairy beneath) }
{ grey_alder, gray_alder, Alnus_incana, alder,@ genus_Alnus,#m (native to Europe but introduced in America) }
{ seaside_alder, Alnus_maritima, alder,@ genus_Alnus,#m (shrub or small tree of southeastern United States having soft light brown wood) }
{ white_alder1, mountain_alder2, Alnus_rhombifolia, alder,@ genus_Alnus,#m (tree of western United States) }
{ red_alder, Oregon_alder, Alnus_rubra, alder,@ genus_Alnus,#m (large tree of Pacific coast of North America having hard red wood much used for furniture) }
{ speckled_alder, Alnus_rugosa, alder,@ genus_Alnus,#m (common shrub of Canada and northeastern United States having shoots scattered with rust-colored down) }
{ smooth_alder, hazel_alder, Alnus_serrulata, alder,@ genus_Alnus,#m (common shrub of the eastern United States with smooth bark) }
{ green_alder1, Alnus_veridis, alder,@ genus_Alnus,#m (shrub of mountainous areas of Europe) }
{ green_alder2, Alnus_veridis_crispa, Alnus_crispa, alder,@ genus_Alnus,#m (North American shrub with light green leaves and winged nuts) }

{ Carpinaceae, subfamily_Carpinaceae, family_Carpinaceae, hamamelid_dicot_family,@ family_Betulaceae,#m (used in some classification systems for the genera Carpinus, Ostryopsis, and Ostryopsis) }

{ Carpinus, genus_Carpinus, hamamelid_dicot_genus,@ family_Betulaceae,#m (mostly deciduous monoecious trees or shrubs: hornbeams; sometimes placed in subfamily Carpinaceae) }
{ hornbeam, tree,@ genus_Carpinus,#m (any of several trees or shrubs of the genus Carpinus) }
{ European_hornbeam, Carpinus_betulus, hornbeam,@ genus_Carpinus,#m (medium-sized Old World tree with smooth grey bark and leaves like beech that turn yellow-orange in autumn) }
{ American_hornbeam, Carpinus_caroliniana, hornbeam,@ genus_Carpinus,#m (tree or large shrub with grey bark and blue-green leaves that turn red-orange in autumn) }

{ Ostrya, genus_Ostrya, hamamelid_dicot_genus,@ family_Betulaceae,#m (deciduous monoecious trees of Europe and Asia and America; sometimes placed in subfamily or family Carpinaceae) }
{ hop_hornbeam, tree,@ genus_Ostrya,#m (any of several trees resembling hornbeams with fruiting clusters resembling hops) }
{ Old_World_hop_hornbeam, Ostrya_carpinifolia, hop_hornbeam,@ genus_Ostrya,#m (medium-sized hop hornbeam of southern Europe and Asia Minor) }
{ Eastern_hop_hornbeam, ironwood2, ironwood_tree2, Ostrya_virginiana, hop_hornbeam,@ genus_Ostrya,#m (medium-sized hop hornbeam of eastern North America) }
{ Ostryopsis, genus_Ostryopsis, hamamelid_dicot_genus,@ family_Betulaceae,#m (deciduous monoecious shrubs of China and Mongolia resembling trees of the genus Ostrya; sometimes placed in subfamily or family Carpinaceae) }

{ Corylaceae, subfamily_Corylaceae, family_Corylaceae, hamamelid_dicot_family,@ family_Betulaceae,#m (used in some classification systems for the genus Corylus) }
{ Corylus, genus_Corylus, hamamelid_dicot_genus,@ family_Betulaceae,#m (deciduous monoecious nut-bearing shrubs of small trees: hazel; sometimes placed in the subfamily or family Corylaceae) }
{ hazelnut, hazel1, hazelnut_tree, nut_tree,@ genus_Corylus,#m (any of several shrubs or small trees of the genus Corylus bearing edible nuts enclosed in a leafy husk) }
{ hazel3, noun.substance:wood,@ hazelnut_tree,#s hazel_tree,#s (the fine-grained wood of a hazelnut tree (genus Corylus) and the hazel tree (Australian genus Pomaderris)) }
{ American_hazel, Corylus_americana, hazelnut_tree,@ (nut-bearing shrub of eastern North America) }
{ cobnut, filbert, Corylus_avellana, Corylus_avellana_grandis, hazelnut_tree,@ (small nut-bearing tree much grown in Europe) }
{ beaked_hazelnut, Corylus_cornuta, hazelnut_tree,@ (hazel of western United States with conspicuous beaklike involucres on the nuts) }

{ Gentianales, order_Gentianales, plant_order,@ class_Dicotyledones,#m (an order of dicotyledonous plants having gamopetalous flowers; Gentianaceae; Apocynaceae; Asclepiadaceae; Loganiaceae; Oleaceae; Salvadoraceae) }

(++comlete)
{ Gentianaceae, family_Gentianaceae, gentian_family, dicot_family,@ order_Gentianales,#m (chiefly herbaceous plants with showy flowers; some are cultivated as ornamentals) }

{ Centaurium, genus_Centaurium, dicot_genus,@ family_Gentianaceae,#m (genus of low-growing herbs mostly of northern hemisphere having flowers with protruding spirally twisted anthers) }
{ centaury2, flower,@ genus_Centaurium,#m (any of various plants of the genus Centaurium) }
{ rosita, Centaurium_calycosum, centaury2,@ (erect plant with small clusters of pink trumpet-shaped flowers of southwestern United States) }
{ lesser_centaury, Centaurium_minus, centaury2,@ (common European glabrous annual centaury with flowers in dense cymes) }
{ tufted_centaury, Centaurium_scilloides, centaury2,@ (tufted perennial of western Europe and Azores having bright pink to white flowers) }
(=not in WIII)
{ seaside_centaury, centaury2,@ (a variety of centaury found at the seaside) }
{ broad_leaved_centaury, centaury2,@ (a variety of centaury with broad leaves) }
{ slender_centaury, centaury2,@ (a slender variety of centaury) }

{ Eustoma, genus_Eustoma, dicot_genus,@ family_Gentianaceae,#m (small genus of herbs of warm regions of southern North America to northern South America) }
{ prairie_gentian, tulip_gentian, bluebell, Eustoma_grandiflorum, wildflower,@ genus_Eustoma,#m (one of the most handsome prairie wildflowers having large erect bell-shaped bluish flowers; of moist places in prairies and fields from eastern Colorado and Nebraska south to New Mexico and Texas) }

{ Exacum, genus_Exacum, dicot_genus,@ family_Gentianaceae,#m (genus of tropical Asiatic and African plants: especially Persian violets) }
{ Persian_violet, Exacum_affine, houseplant,@ genus_Exacum,#m (perennial cultivated especially as a houseplant for its fragrant bluish to dark lavender flowers) }

{ Frasera, genus_Frasera, dicot_genus,@ family_Gentianaceae,#m (genus of North American herbs: columbo; includes some species sometimes placed in genus Swertia) }
{ columbo, American_columbo, deer's-ear, deer's-ears, pyramid_plant, American_gentian, herb,@ genus_Frasera,#m (any of various tall perennial herbs constituting the genus Frasera; widely distributed in warm dry upland areas of California, Oregon, and Washington) }
{ green_gentian, Frasera_speciosa, Swertia_speciosa, herb,@ genus_Frasera,#m (tall herb with panicles of white flowers flushed with green; northwestern United States; sometimes placed in genus Swertia) }

{ Gentiana, genus_Gentiana, dicot_genus,@ family_Gentianaceae,#m (type genus of the Gentianaceae; cosmopolitan genus of herbs nearly cosmopolitan in cool temperate regions; in some classifications includes genera Gentianopsis and Gentianella) }
{ gentian, flower,@ family_Gentianaceae,#m (any of various plants of the family Gentianaceae especially the genera Gentiana and Gentianella and Gentianopsis) }
{ gentianella2, Gentiana_acaulis, gentian,@ (low-growing alpine plant cultivated for its dark glossy green leaves in basal rosettes and showy solitary bell-shaped blue flowers) }
{ closed_gentian1, blind_gentian1, bottle_gentian, Gentiana_andrewsii, gentian,@ (gentian of eastern North America having tubular blue or white flowers that open little if at all) }
{ explorer's_gentian, Gentiana_calycosa, gentian,@ (tufted sometimes sprawling perennial with blue flowers spotted with green; western North America) }
{ closed_gentian2, blind_gentian2, Gentiana_clausa, gentian,@ (similar to Gentiana andrewsii but with larger flowers) }
{ great_yellow_gentian, Gentiana_lutea, gentian,@ genus_Gentiana,#m (robust European perennial having clusters of yellow flowers) }
{ marsh_gentian, calathian_violet, Gentiana_pneumonanthe, gentian,@ genus_Gentiana,#m (perennial Eurasian gentian with sky-blue funnel-shaped flowers of damp open heaths) }
{ soapwort_gentian, Gentiana_saponaria, gentian,@ (erect perennial of wet woodlands of North America having leaves and flower buds resembling those of soapwort) }
{ striped_gentian, Gentiana_villosa, gentian,@ (a perennial marsh gentian of eastern North America) }

{ Gentianella, genus_Gentianella, dicot_genus,@ family_Gentianaceae,#m (genus of herbs with flowers that resemble gentian; in some classifications included in genus Gentiana) }
{ agueweed1, ague_weed, five-flowered_gentian, stiff_gentian, Gentianella_quinquefolia, Gentiana_quinquefolia, gentian,@ genus_Gentianella,#m (gentian of eastern North America having clusters of bristly blue flowers) }
{ felwort, gentianella_amarella, gentian,@ genus_Gentianella,#m (gentian of Europe and China having creamy white flowers with fringed corollas) }

{ Gentianopsis, genus_Gentianopsis, dicot_genus,@ family_Gentianaceae,#m (genus of fringed gentians; in some classifications included in genus Gentiana) }
{ fringed_gentian, gentian,@ genus_Gentianopsis,#m (any of various herbs of the genus Gentianopsis having the margins of the corolla lobes fringed; sometimes included in genus Gentiana) }
{ Gentianopsis_crinita, Gentiana_crinita, fringed_gentian,@ (tall widely distributed fringed gentian of eastern North America having violet-blue or white fringed flowers) }
{ Gentianopsis_detonsa, Gentiana_detonsa, fringed_gentian,@ (medium-tall fringed gentian with pale-blue to blue-purple flowers; circumboreal in distribution) }
{ Gentianopsid_procera, Gentiana_procera, fringed_gentian,@ genus_Gentianopsis,#m (small blue-flowered fringed gentian of east central North America) }
{ Gentianopsis_thermalis, Gentiana_thermalis, fringed_gentian,@ (small blue-flowered fringed gentian of western United States (Rocky Mountains) especially around hot springs in Yellowstone National Park)}
{ tufted_gentian, Gentianopsis_holopetala, Gentiana_holopetala, fringed_gentian,@ (small blue-flowered fringed gentian of Sierra Nevada mountains) }

{ Halenia, genus_Halenia, dicot_genus,@ family_Gentianaceae,#m (genus of herbs of Eurasia and the Americas: spurred gentians) }
{ spurred_gentian, gentian,@ genus_Halenia,#m (any of various plants of the genus Halenia having flowers with spurred lobes) }

{ genus_Sabbatia, dicot_genus,@ family_Gentianaceae,#m (genus of smooth slender North American herbs with showy flowers) }
{ sabbatia, marsh_plant,@ genus_Sabbatia,#m (any of various plants of the genus Sabbatia having usually pink cymose flowers; occur from acid bogs to brackish marshes) }
{ marsh_pink, rose_pink, bitter_floom, American_centaury, Sabbatia_stellaris, Sabbatia_Angularis, sabbatia,@ (any of several pink-flowered marsh plant of the eastern United States resembling a true centaury) }
{ prairia_Sabbatia, Texas_star2, Sabbatia_campestris, sabbatia,@ (prairie herb with solitary lilac-colored flowers) }

{ Swertia, genus_Swertia, dicot_genus,@ family_Gentianaceae,#m (genus of herbs of mountains of North America and Eurasia and Africa) }
{ marsh_felwort, Swertia_perennia, herb,@ genus_Swertia,#m (perennial of damp places in mountains of Eurasia and North America having dull-colored blue or violet flowers) }

{ Salvadoraceae, family_Salvadoraceae, Salvadora_family, dicot_family,@ order_Gentianales,#m (a family of Old World shrubs and trees of order Gentianales; related to Oleaceae but having four stamens and four petals) }
{ Salvadora, genus_Salvadora, dicot_genus,@ family_Salvadoraceae,#m (genus of evergreen trees or shrubs; fruit is a drupe; grows in Africa through Arabia to India and China) }
{ toothbrush_tree, mustard_tree1, Salvadora_persica, fruit_tree,@ genus_Salvadora,#m (glabrous or pubescent evergreen shrub or tree of the genus Salvadora; twigs are fibrous and in some parts of the world are bound together in clusters and used as a toothbrush; shoots are used as camel fodder; plant ash provides salt) }

(++complete)
{ [ Oleaceae, adj.pert:oleaceous,+ ] family_Oleaceae, olive_family, dicot_family,@ order_Gentianales,#m (trees and shrubs having berries or drupes or capsules as fruits; sometimes placed in the order Oleales: olive; ash; jasmine; privet; lilac) }
{ Oleales, order_Oleales, plant_order,@ class_Dicotyledones,#m (coextensive with the family Oleaceae; in some classifications included in the order Gentianales) }
{ Olea, genus_Olea, dicot_genus,@ family_Oleaceae,#m (evergreen trees and shrubs having oily one-seeded fruits) }
{ olive_tree, fruit_tree,@ genus_Olea,#m (a tree of the genus Olea cultivated for its fruit) }
{ olive2, noun.substance:wood,@ olive_tree,#s (hard yellow often variegated wood of an olive tree; used in cabinetwork) }
{ olive, European_olive_tree, Olea_europaea, olive_tree,@ genus_Olea,#m (evergreen tree cultivated in the Mediterranean region since antiquity and now elsewhere; has edible shiny black fruits) }
{ olive1, fruit,@ Olea_europaea,#p (small ovoid fruit of the European olive tree; important food and source of oil) }
{ black_maire, Olea_cunninghamii, olive_tree,@ genus_Olea,#m (northern Zealand tree having dense hard light-brown wood) }
{ white_maire, Olea_lanceolata, olive_tree,@ genus_Olea,#m (small New Zealand tree having red pulpy one-seeded fruit) }

{ Chionanthus, genus_Chionanthus, dicot_genus,@ family_Oleaceae,#m (deciduous trees or shrubs: fringe tree) }
{ fringe_tree, tree,@ genus_Chionanthus,#m (any of various small decorative flowering trees or shrubs of the genus Chionanthus) }
{ fringe_bush, Chionanthus_virginicus, fringe_tree,@ (small bushy tree of southeastern United States having profuse clusters of white flowers) }

{ genus_Forestiera, dicot_genus,@ family_Oleaceae,#m (genus of often spiny American shrubs and trees) }
{ forestiera, shrub,@ genus_Forestiera,#m (any plant of the genus Forestiera) }
{ tanglebush, desert_olive, Forestiera_neomexicana, forestiera,@ (spiny branching deciduous shrub of southwestern United States having clusters of insignificant yellow-white flowers appearing before leaves followed by attractive black berrylike fruits) }

{ genus_Forsythia, dicot_genus,@ family_Oleaceae,#m (forsythia) }
{ forsythia, shrub,@ genus_Forsythia,#m (any of various early blooming oleaceous shrubs of the genus Forsythia; native to eastern Asia and southern Europe but widely cultivated for their branches of bright yellow bell-shaped flowers) }

{ Fraxinus, genus_Fraxinus, dicot_genus,@ family_Oleaceae,#m (ash) }
{ ash, ash_tree, tree,@ genus_Fraxinus,#m (any of various deciduous pinnate-leaved ornamental or timber trees of the genus Fraxinus) }
{ ash2, noun.substance:wood,@ ash_tree,#s (strong elastic wood of any of various ash trees; used for furniture and tool handles and sporting goods such as baseball bats) }
{ white_ash1, Fraxinus_Americana, ash,@ (spreading American ash with leaves pale green or silvery beneath and having hard brownish wood) }
{ swamp_ash, Fraxinus_caroliniana, ash,@ (small ash of swampy areas of southeastern United States) }
{ flowering_ash2, Fraxinus_cuspidata, ash,@ (shrubby ash of southwestern United States having fragrant white flowers) }
{ flowering_ash3, Fraxinus_dipetala, ash,@ (shrubby California ash with showy off-white flowers) }
{ European_ash, common_European_ash, Fraxinus_excelsior, ash,@ (tall ash of Europe to the Caucasus having leaves shiny dark-green above and pale downy beneath) }
{ Oregon_ash, Fraxinus_latifolia, Fraxinus_oregona, ash,@ (timber tree of western North America yielding hard light wood; closely related to the red ash) }
{ black_ash, basket_ash, brown_ash, hoop_ash, Fraxinus_nigra, ash,@ (vigorous spreading North American tree having dark brown heavy wood; leaves turn gold in autumn) }
{ manna_ash, flowering_ash1, Fraxinus_ornus, ash,@ (southern Mediterranean ash having fragrant white flowers in dense panicles and yielding manna) }
{ red_ash, downy_ash, Fraxinus_pennsylvanica, ash,@ (smallish American tree with velvety branchlets and lower leaf surfaces) }
{ green_ash, Fraxinus_pennsylvanica_subintegerrima, red_ash,@ (a variety of red ash having glossy branchlets and lower leaf surfaces) }
{ blue_ash, Fraxinus_quadrangulata, ash,@ (ash of central and southern United States with bluish-green foliage and hard brown wood) }
{ mountain_ash2, Fraxinus_texensis, ash,@ (low-growing ash of Texas) }
{ pumpkin_ash, Fraxinus_tomentosa, ash,@ (timber tree of central and southeastern United States having hairy branchlets and a swollen trunk base) }
{ Arizona_ash, Fraxinus_velutina, ash,@ (small shrubby ash of southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico) }
{ ash-key, seed,@ ash,#p (winged seed of the ash tree) }

{ Jasminum, genus_Jasminum, dicot_genus,@ family_Oleaceae,#m (shrubs and woody climbers mostly of tropical and temperate Old World: jasmine; jessamine) }
{ jasmine, shrub,@ genus_Jasminum,#m (any of several shrubs and vines of the genus Jasminum chiefly native to Asia) }
{ primrose_jasmine, Jasminum_mesnyi, jasmine,@ (evergreen rambling yellow-flowered shrub of western China) }
{ winter_jasmine, Jasminum_nudiflorum, jasmine,@ (deciduous rambling shrub widely cultivated for its winter-blooming yellow flowers) }
{ common_jasmine, true_jasmine, jessamine, Jasminum_officinale, jasmine,@ (a climbing deciduous shrub with fragrant white or yellow or red flowers used in perfume and to flavor tea) }
{ Arabian_jasmine, Jasminum_sambac, jasmine,@ (East Indian evergreen vine cultivated for its profuse fragrant white flowers) }

{ Ligustrum, genus_Ligustrum, dicot_genus,@ family_Oleaceae,#m (genus of Old World shrubs: privet) }
{ privet, shrub,@ genus_Ligustrum,#m (any of various Old World shrubs having smooth entire leaves and terminal panicles of small white flowers followed by small black berries; many used for hedges) }
{ Amur_privet, Ligustrum_amurense, privet,@ (eastern Asian shrub cultivated especially for its persistent foliage) }
{ ibolium_privet, ibota_privet, Ligustrum_ibolium, privet,@ (fast-growing and tightly branched hybrid of Ligustrum ovalifolium and Ligustrum obtusifolium) }
{ Japanese_privet, Ligustrum_japonicum, privet,@ (evergreen shrub of Japan and Korea having small dark leaves and flowers in loose panicles; related to but smaller than Chinese privet) }
{ Chinese_privet, white_wax_tree, Ligustrum_lucidum, privet,@ (erect evergreen treelike shrub of China and Korea and Japan having acuminate leaves and flowers in long erect panicles; resembles Japanese privet) }
{ Ligustrum_obtusifolium, privet,@ (small deciduous shrub having graceful arching branches and luxuriant foliage) }
{ California_privet, Ligustrum_ovalifolium, privet,@ (semi-evergreen Japanese shrub having malodorous flowers; used extensively for hedges because more likely to stay green that common privet) }
{ common_privet, Ligustrum_vulgare, privet,@ (deciduous semi-evergreen shrub used for hedges) }

{ Osmanthus, genus_Osmanthus, dicot_genus,@ family_Oleaceae,#m (widely distributed genus of evergreen shrubs or trees of southern United States and Middle East and China and Japan) }
{ devilwood, American_olive, Osmanthus_americanus, tree,@ genus_Osmanthus,#m (small tree of southern United States having panicles of dull white flowers followed by dark purple fruits) }

{ Phillyrea, genus_Phillyrea, dicot_genus,@ family_Oleaceae,#m (small genus of evergreen shrubs of the Mediterranean region) }
{ mock_privet, shrub,@ genus_Phillyrea,#m (evergreen shrub with white flowers and olivelike fruits) }

{ Syringa1, genus_Syringa, dicot_genus,@ family_Oleaceae,#m (genus of Old World shrubs or low trees having fragrant flowers in showy panicles: lilacs) }
{ [ lilac, adj.all:chromatic^lilac,+ ] shrub,@ genus_Syringa,#m (any of various plants of the genus Syringa having large panicles of usually fragrant flowers) }
{ Himalayan_lilac, Syringa_emodi, lilac,@ (robust upright shrub of mountains of northern India having oblong-elliptic leaves and pale lilac or white malodorous flowers) }
{ Hungarian_lilac, Syringa_josikaea, Syringa_josikea, lilac,@ (central European upright shrub having elliptic leaves and upright clusters of lilac or deep violet flowers) }
{ Persian_lilac1, Syringa_persica, lilac,@ (small densely branching Asiatic shrub having lanceolate leaves and panicles of fragrant lilac flowers) }
{ Japanese_tree_lilac, Syringa_reticulata, Syringa_amurensis_japonica, lilac,@ (small tree of Japan having narrow pointed leaves and creamy-white flowers) }
{ Japanese_lilac, Syringa_villosa, lilac,@ (lilac of northern China having ovate leaves and profuse early summer rose-lilac flowers) }
{ common_lilac, Syringa_vulgaris, lilac,@ (large European lilac naturalized in North America having heart-shaped ovate leaves and large panicles of highly fragrant lilac or white flowers) }

{ manna, noun.substance:sap,@ (hardened sugary exudation of various trees) }

{ Haemodoraceae, family_Haemodoraceae, bloodwort_family, monocot_family,@ order_Liliales,#m (some genera placed in family Liliaceae) }
{ bloodwort, herb,@ family_Haemodoraceae,#m (any of various plants of the family Haemodoraceae; roots contain a deep red coloring matter) }
{ Haemodorum, genus_Haemodorum, monocot_genus,@ family_Haemodoraceae,#m (type genus of family Haemodoraceae) }
{ Anigozanthus, genus_Anigozanthus, monocot_genus,@ family_Haemodoraceae,#m (genus of monocotyledonous plants with curious woolly flowers on sturdy stems above a fan of sword-shaped leaves; includes kangaroo's paw and Australian sword lily; sometimes placed in family Amaryllidaceae) }
{ kangaroo_paw, kangaroo's_paw, kangaroo's-foot, kangaroo-foot_plant, Australian_sword_lily, Anigozanthus_manglesii, herb,@ genus_Anigozanthus,#m (sedgelike spring-flowering herb having clustered flowers covered with woolly hairs; Australia) }

{ Hamamelidae, subclass_Hamamelidae, noun.group:class2,@ class_Dicotyledones,#m (a group of chiefly woody plants considered among the most primitive of angiosperms; perianth poorly developed or lacking; flowers often unisexual and often in catkins and often wind pollinated; contains 23 families including the Betulaceae and Fagaceae (includes the Amentiferae); sometimes classified as a superorder) }
{ Amentiferae, group_Amentiferae, noun.group:taxonomic_group,@ subclass_Hamamelidae,#m (used in some classification systems for plants that bear catkins) }

{ Hamamelidanthum, genus_Hamamelidanthum, dicot_genus,@ subclass_Hamamelidae,#m (genus of fossil plants of the Oligocene having flowers resembling those of the witch hazel; found in Baltic region) }
{ Hamamelidoxylon, genus_Hamamelidoxylon, dicot_genus,@ subclass_Hamamelidae,#m (genus of fossil plants having wood identical with or similar to that of the witch hazel) }
{ Hamamelites, genus_Hamamelites, dicot_genus,@ subclass_Hamamelidae,#m (genus of fossil plants having leaves similar to those of the witch hazel) }

{ Hamamelidaceae, family_Hamamelidaceae, witch-hazel_family, hamamelid_dicot_family,@ subclass_Hamamelidae,#m (comprises genera Hamamelis, Corylopsis, Fothergilla, Liquidambar, Parrotia, and other small genera) }
{ Hamamelis, genus_Hamamelis, plant_genus,@ family_Hamamelidaceae,#m (deciduous shrubs or small trees: witch hazel) }
{ witch_hazel, witch_hazel_plant, wych_hazel, wych_hazel_plant, shrub,@ genus_Hamamelis,#m (any of several shrubs or trees of the genus Hamamelis; bark yields an astringent lotion) }
{ Virginian_witch_hazel, Hamamelis_virginiana, witch_hazel,@ (common shrub of eastern North America having small yellow flowers after the leaves have fallen) }
{ vernal_witch_hazel, Hamamelis_vernalis, witch_hazel,@ (fragrant shrub of lower Mississippi valley having very small flowers from midwinter to spring) }
{ Corylopsis, genus_Corylopsis, plant_genus,@ family_Hamamelidaceae,#m (small genus of deciduous shrubs of temperate regions of Asia) }
{ winter_hazel, flowering_hazel, shrub,@ genus_Corylopsis,#m (any of several Asiatic deciduous shrubs cultivated for their nodding racemes of yellow flowers that appear before the leaves) }
{ genus_Fothergilla, Fothergilla1, plant_genus,@ family_Hamamelidaceae,#m (small genus of deciduous shrubs of the southeastern United States) }
{ fothergilla, witch_alder, shrub,@ genus_Fothergilla,#m (any of several deciduous low-growing shrubs of the genus Fothergilla having showy brushlike spikes of white flowers in spring and fiery red and orange autumn color; grows from Alabama to the Allegheny Mountains) }
{ genus_Liquidambar, Liquidambar1, plant_genus,@ family_Hamamelidaceae,#m (sweet gum) }
{ liquidambar, gum_tree,@ genus_Liquidambar,#m (any tree of the genus Liquidambar) }
{ sweet_gum1, sweet_gum_tree, bilsted, red_gum3, American_sweet_gum, Liquidambar_styraciflua, liquidambar,@ genus_Liquidambar,#m (a North American tree of the genus Liquidambar having prickly spherical fruit clusters and fragrant sap) }
{ sweet_gum2, liquidambar2, noun.substance:gum,@ sweet_gum_tree,#s (aromatic exudate from the sweet gum tree) }
{ sweet_gum3, satin_walnut, hazelwood2, red_gum4, gumwood,@ (reddish-brown wood and lumber from heartwood of the sweet gum tree used to make furniture) }

{ Parrotia, genus_Parrotia, plant_genus,@ family_Hamamelidaceae,#m (one species: iron tree) }
{ iron_tree, iron-tree, ironwood1, ironwood_tree1, angiospermous_tree,@ genus_Parrotia,#m (a small slow-growing deciduous tree of northern Iran having a low domed shape) }
{ ironwood4, noun.substance:wood,@ (exceptionally tough or hard wood of any of a number of ironwood trees) }
{ Parrotiopsis, genus_Parrotiopsis, plant_genus,@ family_Hamamelidaceae,#m (one species: deciduous tree of the Himalaya Mountains) }

(++)
{ Juglandales, order_Juglandales, plant_order,@ class_Dicotyledones,#m (coextensive with the family Juglandaceae) }
{ Juglandaceae, family_Juglandaceae, walnut_family, dicot_family,@ order_Juglandales,#m (trees having usually edible nuts: butternuts; walnuts; hickories; pecans) }
{ Juglans, genus_Juglans, dicot_genus,@ family_Juglandaceae,#m (type genus of the Juglandaceae) }
{ walnut, walnut_tree, nut_tree,@ genus_Juglans,#m (any of various trees of the genus Juglans) }
{ walnut2, noun.substance:wood,@ walnut,#s (hard dark-brown wood of any of various walnut trees; used especially for furniture and paneling) }
{ California_black_walnut, Juglans_californica, walnut,@ genus_Juglans,#m (medium-sized tree with somewhat aromatic compound leaves and edible nuts) }
{ butternut, butternut_tree, white_walnut, Juglans_cinerea, walnut,@ genus_Juglans,#m (North American walnut tree having light-brown wood and edible nuts; source of a light-brown dye) }
{ black_walnut, black_walnut_tree, black_hickory3, Juglans_nigra, walnut,@ genus_Juglans,#m (North American walnut tree with hard dark wood and edible nut) }
{ English_walnut, English_walnut_tree, Circassian_walnut, Persian_walnut, Juglans_regia, walnut,@ genus_Juglans,#m (Eurasian walnut valued for its large edible nut and its hard richly figured wood; widely cultivated) }

{ Carya, genus_Carya, dicot_genus,@ family_Juglandaceae,#m (genus of large deciduous nut-bearing trees; United States and China) }
{ hickory, hickory_tree, nut_tree,@ genus_Carya,#m (American hardwood tree bearing edible nuts) }
{ hickory2, noun.substance:wood,@ hickory_tree,#s (valuable tough heavy hardwood from various hickory trees) }
{ water_hickory, bitter_pecan, water_bitternut, Carya_aquatica, hickory,@ genus_Carya,#m (hickory of southern United States having many narrow leaflets and rather bitter nuts) }
{ pignut, pignut_hickory, brown_hickory, black_hickory1, Carya_glabra, hickory,@ genus_Carya,#m (an American hickory tree having bitter nuts) }
{ bitternut, bitternut_hickory, bitter_hickory, bitter_pignut, swamp_hickory, Carya_cordiformis, hickory,@ genus_Carya,#m (hickory of the eastern United States having a leaves with 7 or 9 leaflets and thin-shelled very bitter nuts) }
{ pecan, pecan_tree, Carya_illinoensis, Carya_illinoinsis, nut_tree,@ genus_Carya,#m (tree of southern United States and Mexico cultivated for its nuts) }
{ pecan2, noun.substance:wood,@ pecan_tree,#s (wood of a pecan tree) }
{ big_shellbark, big_shellbark_hickory, big_shagbark, king_nut, king_nut_hickory, Carya_laciniosa, hickory,@ genus_Carya,#m (hickory of the eastern United States resembling the shagbark but having a much larger nut) }
{ nutmeg_hickory, Carya_myristicaeformis, Carya_myristiciformis, hickory,@ genus_Carya,#m (hickory of southern United States and Mexico having hard nutmeg-shaped nuts) }
{ shagbark, shagbark_hickory, shellbark, shellbark_hickory, Carya_ovata, hickory,@ genus_Carya,#m (North American hickory having loose grey shaggy bark and edible nuts) }
{ mockernut, mockernut_hickory, black_hickory2, white-heart_hickory, big-bud_hickory, Carya_tomentosa, hickory,@ genus_Carya,#m (smooth-barked North American hickory with 7 to 9 leaflets bearing a hard-shelled edible nut) }

{ Pterocarya, genus_Pterocarya, dicot_genus,@ family_Juglandaceae,#m (Asiatic nut trees: wing nuts) }
{ wing_nut, wing-nut, nut_tree,@ genus_Pterocarya,#m (any tree of the genus Pterocarya; fruit is a small winged nutlet; Caucasus to southeastern Asia) }
{ Caucasian_walnut, Pterocarya_fraxinifolia, wing_nut,@ (medium-sized Caucasian much-branched tree distinguished from other walnut trees by its winged fruit) }

(==rosidae)
{ Myrtales, order_Myrtales, Thymelaeales, order_Thymelaeales, plant_order,@ subclass_Rosidae,#m (Myrtaceae; Combretaceae; Elaeagnaceae; Haloragidaceae; Melastomaceae; Lecythidaceae; Lythraceae; Rhizophoraceae; Onagraceae; Lecythidaceae; Punicaceae) }

{ Combretaceae, family_Combretaceae, combretum_family, dicot_family,@ order_Myrtales,#m (a family of tropical trees and shrubs of the order Myrtales) }
{ dhawa, dhava, tree,@ family_Combretaceae,#m (an Indian tree of the family Combretaceae that is a source of timber and gum) }
{ genus_Combretum, dicot_genus,@ family_Combretaceae,#m (type genus of the Combretaceae: tropical and subtropical small shrubs and trees) }
{ combretum, woody_plant,@ genus_Combretum,#m (any of numerous shrubs or small trees of the genus Combretum having spikes of small flowers) }
{ hiccup_nut, hiccough_nut, Combretum_bracteosum, shrub,@ genus_Combretum,#m (ornamental African shrub or climber with red flowers) }
{ bush_willow1, Combretum_appiculatum, flowering_tree,@ genus_Combretum,#m (small deciduous tree of the Transvaal having spikes of yellow flowers) }
{ bush_willow2, Combretum_erythrophyllum, flowering_tree,@ genus_Combretum,#m (small South African tree having creamy yellow fragrant flowers usually growing on stream banks) }
{ Conocarpus, genus_Conocarpus, dicot_genus,@ family_Combretaceae,#m (monotypic genus of tropical American trees: button tree) }
{ button_tree, button_mangrove, Conocarpus_erectus, tree,@ (evergreen tree or shrub with fruit resembling buttons and yielding heavy hard compact wood) }

{ Laguncularia, genus_Laguncularia, plant_genus,@ family_Combretaceae,#m (a genus of Laguncularia) }
{ white_mangrove2, Laguncularia_racemosa, tree,@ genus_Laguncularia,#m (shrub to moderately large tree that grows in brackish water along the seacoasts of western Africa and tropical America; locally important as a source of tannin) }

{ Elaeagnaceae, family_Elaeagnaceae, oleaster_family, dicot_family,@ order_Myrtales,#m (shrubs or small trees often armed) }
{ Elaeagnus, genus_Elaeagnus, dicot_genus,@ family_Elaeagnaceae,#m (oleaster) }
{ oleaster, shrub,@ genus_Elaeagnus,#m (any of several shrubs of the genus Elaeagnus having silver-white twigs and yellow flowers followed by olivelike fruits) }
{ wild_olive, Elaeagnus_latifolia, oleaster,@ (erect shrub or climber of India and China with red olivelike fruit) }
{ silverberry, silver_berry1, silverbush1, silver-bush1, Elaeagnus_commutata, oleaster,@ (deciduous unarmed North American shrub with silvery leaves and fruits) }
{ Russian_olive, silver_berry2, Elaeagnus_augustifolia, oleaster,@ (deciduous shrubby tree of Europe and western Asia having grey leaves and small yellow fruits covered in silvery scales; sometimes spiny) }

{ Haloragidaceae, family_Haloragidaceae, Haloragaceae, family_Haloragaceae, water-milfoil_family, dicot_family,@ order_Myrtales,#m (a family of dicotyledonous plants of the order Myrtales) }
{ Myriophyllum, genus_Myriophyllum, dicot_genus,@ family_Haloragidaceae,#m (chiefly monoecious and usually aquatic herbs (as the milfoils)) }
{ water_milfoil, aquatic_plant,@ genus_Myriophyllum,#m (an aquatic plant of the genus Myriophyllum having feathery underwater leaves and small inconspicuous flowers) }

{ Lecythidaceae, family_Lecythidaceae, dicot_family,@ order_Myrtales,#m (large tropical trees bearing large fruits with woody skins) }
{ Grias, genus_Grias, dicot_genus,@ family_Lecythidaceae,#m (anchovy pear tree) }
{ anchovy_pear, anchovy_pear_tree, Grias_cauliflora, fruit_tree,@ genus_Grias,#m (West Indian tree bearing edible fruit resembling mango) }
{ Bertholletia, genus_Bertholletia, dicot_genus,@ family_Lecythidaceae,#m (brazil nut) }
{ brazil_nut, brazil-nut_tree, Bertholletia_excelsa, nut_tree,@ genus_Bertholletia,#m (tall South American tree bearing brazil nuts) }

{ Lythraceae, family_Lythraceae, loosestrife_family, dicot_family,@ order_Myrtales,#m (herbs and shrubs and small trees with pink or purple flowers) }
{ Lythrum, genus_Lythrum, dicot_genus,@ family_Lythraceae,#m (loosestrife) }
{ loosestrife1, subshrub,@ genus_Lythrum,#m (any of numerous herbs and subshrubs of the genus Lythrum) }
{ purple_loosestrife, spiked_loosestrife, Lythrum_salicaria, loosestrife1,@ genus_Lythrum,#m (marsh herb with a long spike of purple flowers; originally of Europe but now rampant in eastern United States) }
{ grass_poly, hyssop_loosestrife, Lythrum_hyssopifolia, loosestrife1,@ genus_Lythrum,#m (annual with small solitary pink flowers; originally of Europe but widely naturalized in moist areas) }

{ Lagerstroemia, genus_Lagerstroemia, plant_genus,@ family_Lythraceae,#m (shrubs or small trees of tropical Asia and Africa usually with showy white, pink, or purplish flowers) }
{ crape_myrtle, crepe_myrtle, crepe_flower, Lagerstroemia_indica, shrub,@ genus_Lagerstroemia,#m (ornamental shrub from eastern India commonly planted in the southern United States) }
{ Queen's_crape_myrtle, pride-of-India1, Lagerstroemia_speciosa, flowering_tree,@ genus_Lagerstroemia,#m (native to Asia, Australia, and East Indies, where it provides timber called pyinma; used elsewhere as an ornamental for its large showy flowers) }
{ pyinma, noun.substance:wood,@ (relatively hard durable timber from the Queen's crape myrtle; light reddish brown, smooth and lustrous) }

{ Myrtaceae, family_Myrtaceae, myrtle_family, dicot_family,@ order_Myrtales,#m (trees and shrubs yielding a fragrant oil) }
{ myrtaceous_tree, angiospermous_tree,@ family_Myrtaceae,#m (trees and shrubs) }
{ Myrtus, genus_Myrtus, dicot_genus,@ family_Myrtaceae,#m (type genus of the Myrtaceae) }
{ myrtle, flowering_tree,@ (any evergreen shrub or tree of the genus Myrtus) }
{ common_myrtle, Myrtus_communis, myrtle,@ genus_Myrtus,#m (European shrub with white or rosy flowers followed by black berries) }
{ Pimenta, genus_Pimenta, dicot_genus,@ family_Myrtaceae,#m (allspice tree) }
{ bayberry1, bay-rum_tree, Jamaica_bayberry, wild_cinnamon2, Pimenta_acris, tree,@ genus_Pimenta,#m (West Indian tree; source of bay rum) }
{ allspice, allspice_tree1, pimento_tree, Pimenta_dioica, spice_tree,@ genus_Pimenta,#m (aromatic West Indian tree that produces allspice berries) }
{ allspice_tree2, Pimenta_officinalis, spice_tree,@ (tropical American tree having small white flowers and aromatic berries) }
{ Eugenia, genus_Eugenia, dicot_genus,@ family_Myrtaceae,#m (tropical trees and shrubs with aromatic leaves and often valuable hard wood) }
{ sour_cherry2, Eugenia_corynantha, fruit_tree,@ genus_Eugenia,#m (Australian tree with sour red fruit) }
{ nakedwood, Eugenia_dicrana, zebrawood_tree,@ genus_Eugenia,#m (tree of extreme southern Florida and West Indies having thin scaly bark and aromatic fruits and seeds and yielding hard heavy close-grained zebrawood) }
{ Surinam_cherry1, pitanga, Eugenia_uniflora, fruit_tree,@ genus_Eugenia,#m (Brazilian tree with spicy red fruit; often cultivated in California and Florida) }
{ rose_apple, rose-apple_tree, jambosa, Eugenia_jambos, fruit_tree,@ genus_Eugenia,#m (tropical tree of the East Indies cultivated for its edible fruit) }
{ genus_Feijoa, dicot_genus,@ family_Myrtaceae,#m (small South American shrubs or trees) }
{ feijoa, feijoa_bush, shrub,@ genus_Feijoa,#m (South American shrub having edible greenish plumlike fruit) }
{ Jambos, genus_Jambos, dicot_genus,@ family_Myrtaceae,#m (used in some classifications for rose apples (Eugenia jambos)) }
{ Myrciaria, genus_Myrciaria, Myrcia, dicot_genus,@ family_Myrtaceae,#m (a genus of tropical American trees and shrubs of the myrtle family) }
{ jaboticaba, jaboticaba_tree, Myrciaria_cauliflora, fruit_tree,@ genus_Myrciaria,#m (small evergreen tropical tree native to Brazil and West Indies but introduced into southern United States; grown in Brazil for its edible tough-skinned purple grapelike fruit that grows all along the branches) }

{ Psidium, genus_Psidium, dicot_genus,@ family_Myrtaceae,#m (guavas) }
{ guava1, true_guava, guava_bush, Psidium_guajava, fruit_tree,@ genus_Psidium,#m (small tropical American shrubby tree; widely cultivated in warm regions for its sweet globular yellow fruit) }
{ guava2, strawberry_guava, yellow_cattley_guava, Psidium_littorale, fruit_tree,@ genus_Psidium,#m (small tropical shrubby tree bearing small yellowish fruit) }
{ cattley_guava, purple_strawberry_guava, Psidium_cattleianum, Psidium_littorale_longipes, fruit_tree,@ (small tropical shrubby tree bearing deep red oval fruit) }
{ Brazilian_guava, Psidium_guineense, fruit_tree,@ (South American tree having fruit similar to the true guava) }

{ gum_tree, gum1, tree,@ (any of various trees of the genera Eucalyptus or Liquidambar or Nyssa that are sources of gum) }
{ gumwood, gum2, noun.substance:wood,@ gum_tree,#s (wood or lumber from any of various gum trees especially the sweet gum) }

(==)
{ genus_Eucalyptus, dicot_genus,@ family_Myrtaceae,#m (tall trees native to the Australian region; source of timber and medicinal oils from the aromatic leaves) }
{ eucalyptus, eucalypt, eucalyptus_tree, gum_tree,@ genus_Eucalyptus,#m (a tree of the genus Eucalyptus) }
{ eucalyptus2, noun.substance:wood,@ eucalyptus_tree,#s (wood of any of various eucalyptus trees valued as timber) }
{ flooded_gum, eucalypt,@ (any of several Australian gum trees growing on moist or alluvial soil) }
{ mallee, eucalypt,@ (any of several low-growing Australian eucalypts) }
{ stringybark, eucalypt,@ (any of several Australian eucalypts having fibrous inner bark) }
{ smoothbark, eucalypt,@ (any of several Australian eucalypts having the bark smooth except at or near the base of the trunk) }
{ red_gum1, peppermint2, peppermint_gum, Eucalyptus_amygdalina, eucalypt,@ (red gum tree of Tasmania) }
{ red_gum2, marri, Eucalyptus_calophylla, eucalypt,@ (very large red gum tree) }
{ river_red_gum, river_gum, Eucalyptus_camaldulensis, Eucalyptus_rostrata, eucalypt,@ (somewhat crooked red gum tree growing chiefly along rivers; has durable reddish lumber used in heavy construction) }
{ mountain_swamp_gum, Eucalyptus_camphora, eucalypt,@ (medium-sized swamp gum of New South Wales and Victoria) }
{ snow_gum, ghost_gum, white_ash2, Eucalyptus_coriacea, Eucalyptus_pauciflora, eucalypt,@ (small to medium-sized tree of Australia and Tasmania having smooth white to light-grey bark shedding in patches or strips) }
{ alpine_ash, mountain_oak, Eucalyptus_delegatensis, eucalypt,@ (tall timber tree with hard heavy pinkish or light brown wood) }
{ white_mallee, congoo_mallee, Eucalyptus_dumosa, mallee,@ (small shrubby mallee) }
{ white_stringybark, thin-leaved_stringybark, Eucalyptusd_eugenioides, stringybark,@ (stringybark having white wood) }
{ white_mountain_ash, Eucalyptus_fraxinoides, eucalypt,@ (large tree with dark compact bark on lower trunk but smooth and white above; yields lumber similar to that of European or American ashes) }
{ blue_gum, fever_tree3, Eucalyptus_globulus, eucalypt,@ (tall fast-growing timber tree with leaves containing a medicinal oil; young leaves are bluish) }
{ rose_gum, Eucalypt_grandis, flooded_gum,@ (very tall tree of Queensland and New South Wales) }
{ cider_gum, Eucalypt_gunnii, flooded_gum,@ (small to medium-sized tree of Tasmania) }
{ swamp_gum, Eucalypt_ovata, eucalypt,@ (medium-sized tree of southern Australia) }
{ spotted_gum, Eucalyptus_maculata, eucalypt,@ (large gum tree with mottled bark) }
{ lemon-scented_gum, Eucalyptus_citriodora, Eucalyptus_maculata_citriodora, eucalypt,@ (similar to but smaller than the spotted gum and having lemon-scented leaves) }
{ black_mallee, black_sally, black_gum2, Eucalytus_stellulata, mallee,@ (a small mallee with rough dark-colored bark toward the butt; yields a red eucalyptus kino gum) }
{ forest_red_gum, Eucalypt_tereticornis, flooded_gum,@ (tall tree of Queensland and New South Wales and Victoria) }
{ mountain_ash3, Eucalyptus_regnans, eucalypt,@ (tree having wood similar to the alpine ash; tallest tree in Australia and tallest hardwood in the world) }
{ manna_gum, Eucalyptus_viminalis, eucalypt,@ (tall tree yielding a false manna) }
{ eucalyptus_gum, eucalyptus_kino, red_gum5, noun.substance:gum,@ river_red_gum,#s (reddish-brown dried gummy exudation from any of several trees of the genus Eucalyptus especially Eucalyptus camaldulensis) }

(==)
{ Syzygium, genus_Syzygium, dicot_genus,@ family_Myrtaceae,#m (a tropical evergreen tree of the myrtle family native to the East Indies but cultivated elsewhere) }
{ clove, clove_tree, Syzygium_aromaticum, Eugenia_aromaticum, Eugenia_caryophyllatum, spice_tree,@ genus_Syzygium,#m (moderate sized very symmetrical red-flowered evergreen widely cultivated in the tropics for its flower buds which are source of cloves) }
{ clove2, flower_bud,@ clove_tree,#p (aromatic flower bud of a clove tree; yields a spice) }

{ Nyssaceae, family_Nyssaceae, sour-gum_family, tupelo_family, dicot_family,@ order_Myrtales,#m (a family of dicotyledonous trees of order Myrtales that includes the sour gum trees) }
{ Nyssa, genus_Nyssa, dicot_genus,@ family_Nyssaceae,#m (tupelos: deciduous trees of moist habitats especially swamps and beside ponds) }
{ tupelo, tupelo_tree, gum_tree,@ genus_Nyssa,#m (any of several gum trees of swampy areas of North America) }
{ water_gum, Nyssa_aquatica, tupelo,@ (columnar swamp tree of southeastern to midwestern North America yielding pale soft easily worked wood) }
{ sour_gum, black_gum1, pepperidge, Nyssa_sylvatica, tupelo,@ (columnar tree of eastern North America having horizontal limbs and small leaves that emerge late in spring and have brilliant color in early fall) }
{ tupelo2, noun.substance:wood,@ tupelo,#s (pale soft wood of a tupelo tree especially the water gum) }

{ Onagraceae, family_Onagraceae, evening-primrose_family, rosid_dicot_family,@ order_Myrtales,#m (a large and widely distributed family of plants of the order Myrtales) }
{ Circaea, genus_Circaea, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Onagraceae,#m (enchanter's nightshade) }
{ enchanter's_nightshade, evening_primrose,@ genus_Circaea,#m (any of several erect perennial rhizomatous herbs of the genus Circaea having white flowers that open at dawn; northern hemisphere) }
{ Alpine_enchanter's_nightshade, Circaea_alpina, enchanter's_nightshade,@ (an Alpine variety of enchanter's nightshade) }
{ Circaea_lutetiana, enchanter's_nightshade,@ (tall evening primrose with inconspicuous flowers) }

{ Epilobium, genus_Epilobium, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Onagraceae,#m (large widely distributed genus of herbs and subshrubs of especially western North America and Arctic areas) }
{ willowherb, herb,@ genus_Epilobium,#m (a plant of the genus Epilobium having pink or yellow flowers and seeds with silky hairs) }
{ fireweed1, giant_willowherb, rosebay_willowherb, wickup, Epilobium_angustifolium, willowherb,@ genus_Epilobium,#m (tall North American perennial with creeping rootstocks and narrow leaves and spikes of pinkish-purple flowers occurring in great abundance in burned-over areas or recent clearings; an important honey plant) }
{ California_fuchsia, humming_bird's_trumpet, Epilobium_canum_canum, Zauschneria_californica, shrublet,@ genus_Epilobium,#m (shrublet of southwestern United States to Mexico having brilliant scarlet flowers) }
{ hairy_willowherb, codlins-and-cream, Epilobium_hirsutum, willowherb,@ (plant of Europe and Asia having purplish-red flowers and hairy stems and leaves; introduced into North America) }

{ genus_Fuchsia, dicot_genus,@ family_Onagraceae,#m (large genus of decorative tropical shrubs with pendulous tetramerous flowers) }
{ fuchsia, shrub,@ genus_Fuchsia,#m (any of various tropical shrubs widely cultivated for their showy drooping purplish or reddish or white flowers; Central and South America and New Zealand and Tahiti) }
{ lady's-eardrop, ladies'-eardrop, lady's-eardrops, ladies'-eardrops, Fuchsia_coccinea, fuchsia,@ (erect or climbing shrub of Brazil with deep pink to red flowers) }
{ konini, tree_fuchsia, native_fuchsia, Fuchsia_excorticata, fuchsia,@ (erect deciduous shrub or tree to 10 feet with maroon flowers; New Zealand) }

{ Oenothera, genus_Oenothera, dicot_genus,@ family_Onagraceae,#m (chiefly North American herbs with usually nocturnal flowers) }
{ evening_primrose, herbaceous_plant,@ family_Onagraceae,#m (any of several plants of the family Onagraceae) }
{ common_evening_primrose, German_rampion, Oenothera_biennis, evening_primrose,@ (a coarse biennial of eastern North America with yellow flowers that open in the evening; naturalized in Europe) }
{ sundrops, Oenothera_fruticosa, evening_primrose,@ (a day-flowering biennial or perennial of the genus Oenothera) }
{ Missouri_primrose, Ozark_sundrops, Oenothera_macrocarpa, evening_primrose,@ (evening-opening primrose of south central United States) }

{ Punicaceae, family_Punicaceae, dicot_family,@ order_Myrtales,#m (one species: pomegranates) }
{ Punica, genus_Punica, dicot_genus,@ family_Punicaceae,#m (coextensive with the family Punicaceae) }
{ pomegranate, pomegranate_tree, Punica_granatum, fruit_tree,@ genus_Punica,#m (shrub or small tree native to southwestern Asia having large red many-seeded fruit) }

{ Rhizophoraceae, family_Rhizophoraceae, mangrove_family, dicot_family,@ order_Myrtales,#m (trees and shrubs that usually form dense jungles along tropical seacoasts) }
{ Rhizophora, genus_Rhizophora, dicot_genus,@ family_Rhizophoraceae,#m (type genus of the Rhizophoraceae; a small genus of tropical trees and shrubs) }
{ mangrove, Rhizophora_mangle, angiospermous_tree,@ genus_Rhizophora,#m (a tropical tree or shrub bearing fruit that germinates while still on the tree and having numerous prop roots that eventually form an impenetrable mass and are important in land building) }

{ Thymelaeaceae, family_Thymelaeaceae, daphne_family, dicot_family,@ order_Myrtales,#m (family of trees and shrubs and herbs having tough bark that are found especially in Australia and tropical Africa) }
{ genus_Daphne, dicot_genus,@ family_Thymelaeaceae,#m (usually evergreen Eurasian shrubs) }
{ daphne, shrub,@ genus_Daphne,#m (any of several ornamental shrubs with shiny mostly evergreen leaves and clusters of small bell-shaped flowers) }
{ garland_flower, Daphne_cneorum, daphne,@ (widely cultivated low evergreen shrub with dense clusters of fragrant pink to deep rose flowers) }
{ spurge_laurel, wood_laurel1, Daphne_laureola, daphne,@ (bushy Eurasian shrub with glossy leathery oblong leaves and yellow-green flowers) }
{ mezereon, February_daphne, Daphne_mezereum, daphne,@ (small European deciduous shrub with fragrant lilac-colored flowers followed by red berries on highly toxic twigs) }
{ mezereum, bark,@ mezereon,#p (the dried bark of the shrub mezereon) }
{ Dirca, genus_Dirca, dicot_genus,@ family_Thymelaeaceae,#m (deciduous shrub of North America: leatherwood) }
{ leatherwood1, moosewood1, moose-wood1, wicopy, ropebark, Dirca_palustris, shrub,@ genus_Dirca,#m (deciduous shrub of eastern North America having tough flexible branches and pliable bark and small yellow flowers) }


{ Trapaceae, family_Trapaceae, dicot_family,@ order_Myrtales,#m (family comprising solely the genus Trapa; in some classifications treated as a subfamily or tribe of the family Onagraceae) }
{ Trapa, genus_Trapa, dicot_genus,@ family_Trapaceae,#m (small genus of Eurasian aquatic perennial herbs: water chestnut) }
{ water_chestnut2, water_chestnut_plant, caltrop2, aquatic_plant,@ genus_Trapa,#m (a plant of the genus Trapa bearing spiny four-pronged edible nutlike fruits) }
{ water_caltrop, Jesuits'_nut, Trapa_natans, water_chestnut2,@ (a variety of water chestnut) }
{ ling2, ling_ko, Trapa_bicornis, water_chestnut2,@ (water chestnut whose spiny fruit has two rather than 4 prongs) }

(==)
{ Melastomataceae, family_Melastomataceae, Melastomaceae, family_Melastomaceae, meadow-beauty_family, rosid_dicot_family,@ order_Myrtales,#m (a family of trees and bushes and herbs of order Myrtales; many are cultivated as ornamentals) }
{ Melastoma, genus_Melastoma, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Melastomataceae,#m (type genus of Melastomataceae; Asiatic shrubs with leathery leaves and large purple flowers followed by edible fleshy black berries) }
{ Indian_rhododendron, Melastoma_malabathricum, shrub,@ (evergreen spreading shrub of India and southeastern Asia having large purple flowers) }
(==)
{ Medinilla, genus_Medinilla, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Melastomataceae,#m (tropical Old World ornamental evergreen shrubs having fleshy leaves and large panicles of white pink flowers) }
{ Medinilla_magnifica, shrub,@ genus_Medinilla,#m (a beautiful tropical evergreen epiphytic shrub grown for its lush foliage and huge panicles of pink flowers; Philippines) }
{ Rhexia, genus_Rhexia, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Melastomataceae,#m (deer grass) }
{ deer_grass, meadow_beauty, subshrub,@ genus_Rhexia,#m (any of several plants of the genus Rhexia usually having pink-purple to magenta flowers; eastern North America) }

{ Musales, order_Musales, plant_order,@ subclass_Commelinidae,#m (tropical plants) }
(==commelinid_monocot_family...)

{ Cannaceae, family_Cannaceae, monocot_family,@ order_Musales,#m (coextensive with the genus Canna) }
{ genus_Canna, monocot_genus,@ family_Cannaceae,#m (type and sole genus of the Cannaceae: perennial lily-like herbs of New World tropics) }
{ canna, herb,@ genus_Canna,#m (any plant of the genus Canna having large sheathing leaves and clusters of large showy flowers) }
{ canna_lily, Canna_generalis, canna,@ (plants grown for their large bright yellow to red flowers) }
{ achira, indian_shot, arrowroot2, Canna_indica, Canna_edulis, canna,@ (canna grown especially for its edible rootstock from which arrowroot starch is obtained) }

(==)
{ Marantaceae, family_Marantaceae, arrowroot_family, monocot_family,@ order_Musales,#m (tropical perennial herbs with usually starchy rhizomes) }
{ genus_Maranta, monocot_genus,@ family_Marantaceae,#m (herbs of tropical America) }
{ maranta, herb,@ genus_Maranta,#m (any of numerous herbs of the genus Maranta having tuberous starchy roots and large sheathing leaves) }
{ arrowroot, American_arrowroot, obedience_plant, Maranta_arundinaceae, maranta,@ (white-flowered West Indian plant whose root yields arrowroot starch) }

{ Musaceae, family_Musaceae, banana_family, monocot_family,@ order_Musales,#m (treelike tropical Asian herbs) }
{ Musa, genus_Musa, monocot_genus,@ family_Musaceae,#m (type genus of the Musaceae: bananas) }
{ banana, banana_tree, herb,@ genus_Musa,#m (any of several tropical and subtropical treelike herbs of the genus Musa having a terminal crown of large entire leaves and usually bearing hanging clusters of elongated fruits) }
{ dwarf_banana, Musa_acuminata, banana,@ (low-growing Asian banana tree cultivated especially in the West Indies for its clusters of edible yellow fruit) }
{ Japanese_banana, Musa_basjoo, banana,@ (Asiatic banana plant cultivated especially as a foliage plant in Japan) }
{ plantain, plantain_tree, Musa_paradisiaca, banana,@ (a banana tree bearing hanging clusters of edible angular greenish starchy fruits; tropics and subtropics) }
{ edible_banana, Musa_paradisiaca_sapientum, banana,@ (widely cultivated species of banana trees bearing compact hanging clusters of commercially important edible yellow fruit) }
{ abaca, Manila_hemp, Musa_textilis, banana,@ (Philippine banana tree having leafstalks that yield Manila hemp used for rope and paper etc) }
{ Ensete, genus_Ensete, monocot_genus,@ family_Musaceae,#m (Old World tropical herbs: Abyssinian bananas) }
{ Abyssinian_banana, Ethiopian_banana, Ensete_ventricosum, Musa_ensete, herb,@ genus_Ensete,#m (large evergreen arborescent herb having huge paddle-shaped leaves and bearing inedible fruit that resemble bananas but edible young flower shoots; sometimes placed in genus Musa) }

{ Strelitziaceae, family_Strelitziaceae, strelitzia_family, monocot_family,@ order_Musales,#m (woody plants with erect stems of tropical South America and South Africa and Madagascar; in some classifications included in the family Musaceae) }
{ Strelitzia, genus_Strelitzia, monocot_genus,@ family_Strelitziaceae,#m (small genus of large perennial evergreen herbs having leaves resembling those of banana plants; sometimes placed in family Musaceae) }
{ bird_of_paradise1, Strelitzia_reginae, herb,@ genus_Strelitzia,#m (ornamental plant of tropical South Africa and South America having stalks of orange and purplish-blue flowers resembling a bird) }

{ genus_Ravenala, monocot_genus,@ family_Strelitziaceae,#m (woody tropical plants with tall trunks; sometimes placed in family Musaceae) }
{ traveler's_tree, traveller's_tree, ravenala, Ravenala_madagascariensis, woody_plant,@ genus_Ravenala,#m (giant treelike plant having edible nuts and leafstalks that yield a refreshing drink of clear watery sap; reputedly an emergency source of water for travelers) }

(==)
{ Zingiberaceae, family_Zingiberaceae, ginger_family, monocot_family,@ order_Musales,#m (a family of tropical monocotyledonous plants of order Musales) }
{ Zingiber, genus_Zingiber, monocot_genus,@ family_Zingiberaceae,#m (tropical Asiatic and Polynesian perennial plants: ginger) }
{ ginger, herbaceous_plant,@ genus_Zingiber,#m (perennial plants having thick branching aromatic rhizomes and leafy reedlike stems) }
{ common_ginger, Canton_ginger, stem_ginger, Zingiber_officinale, ginger,@ (tropical Asian plant widely cultivated for its pungent root; source of gingerroot and powdered ginger) }
{ Curcuma, genus_Curcuma, monocot_genus,@ family_Zingiberaceae,#m (tropical Asiatic perennial herbs) }
{ turmeric, Curcuma_longa, Curcuma_domestica, herb,@ genus_Curcuma,#m (widely cultivated tropical plant of India having yellow flowers and a large aromatic deep yellow rhizome; source of a condiment and a yellow dye) }

{ Alpinia, genus_Alpinia, genus_Zerumbet, genus_Languas, plant_genus,@ family_Zingiberaceae,#m (perennial rhizomatous herbs of Asia and Australia and Polynesia having ginger-scented rhizomes) }
{ galangal1, Alpinia_galanga, ginger,@ genus_Alpinia,#m (southeastern Asian perennial with aromatic roots) }
{ lesser_galangal, Alpinia_officinarum, Alpinia_officinalis, ginger,@ genus_Alpinia,#m (Chinese perennial with pyramidal racemes of white flowers and pungent aromatic roots used medicinally and as flavoring) }
{ red_ginger, Alpinia_purpurata, ginger,@ genus_Alpinia,#m (an ornamental ginger native to Pacific islands) }
{ shellflower2, shall-flower2, shell_ginger, Alpinia_Zerumbet, Alpinia_speciosa, Languas_speciosa, ginger,@ genus_Alpinia,#m (cultivated for its shining oblong leaves and arching clusters of white flowers with pink shading and crinkled yellow lips with variegated magenta stripes) }

{ Aframomum, genus_Aframomum, plant_genus,@ family_Zingiberaceae,#m (an African genus of plants of the family Zingiberaceae) }
{ grains_of_paradise, Guinea_grains, Guinea_pepper2, melagueta_pepper, Aframomum_melegueta, herbaceous_plant,@ genus_Aframomum,#m (West African plant bearing pungent peppery seeds) }
{ Elettaria, genus_Elettaria, monocot_genus,@ family_Zingiberaceae,#m (cardamom) }
{ cardamom, cardamon, Elettaria_cardamomum, herb,@ genus_Elettaria,#m (rhizomatous herb of India having aromatic seeds used as seasoning) }

{ Dilleniidae, subclass_Dilleniidae, noun.group:class2,@ class_Dicotyledones,#m (a group of families of more or less advanced trees and shrubs and herbs having either polypetalous or gamopetalous corollas and often with ovules attached to the walls of the ovary; contains 69 families including Ericaceae and Cruciferae and Malvaceae; sometimes classified as a superorder) }

{ Parietales, order_Parietales, Hypericales, order_Hypericales, plant_order,@ subclass_Dilleniidae,#m (a large order of dicotyledonous plants of subclass Dilleniidae) }
{ Guttiferales, order_Guttiferales, plant_order,@ subclass_Dilleniidae,#m (used in some classifications; coextensive with Parietales) }

(++complete)
{ Begoniaceae, family_Begoniaceae, begonia_family, dilleniid_dicot_family,@ order_Parietales,#m (monoecious succulent herbs or shrubs of tropical and warm regions especially America) }
{ genus_Begonia, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Begoniaceae,#m (large genus of tropical succulent plants widely cultivated) }
{ begonia, flower,@ genus_Begonia,#m (any of numerous plants of the genus Begonia grown for their attractive glossy asymmetrical leaves and colorful flowers in usually terminal cymes or racemes) }
{ fibrous-rooted_begonia, begonia,@ (any of numerous begonias having fibrous rather than tuberous or rhizomatous roots) }
{ tuberous_begonia, begonia,@ (any of numerous begonias having large tuberous roots) }
{ rhizomatous_begonia, begonia,@ (any of numerous begonias having prominent shaggy creeping stems or rhizomes) }
{ Christmas_begonia, blooming-fool_begonia, Begonia_cheimantha, begonia,@ (hybrid winter-blooming begonia grown for its many large pink flowers) }
{ angel-wing_begonia, Begonia_cocchinea, begonia,@ (South American fibrous-rooted begonias having prominent basal leaf lobes suggesting angels' wings and racemes of coral-red flowers) }
{ grape-leaf_begonia, maple-leaf_begonia, Begonia_dregei, begonia,@ (tuberous or semi-tuberous South African begonia having shallowly lobed ovate leaves and small white flowers) }
{ beefsteak_begonia, kidney_begonia, Begonia_erythrophylla, Begonia_feastii, begonia,@ (rhizomatous begonia with roundish fleshy leaves reddish colored beneath) }
{ star_begonia, star-leaf_begonia, Begonia_heracleifolia, begonia,@ (rhizomatous begonia having leaves with pointed lobes suggestive of stars and pink flowers) }
{ rex_begonia, king_begonia, painted-leaf_begonia, beefsteak_geranium, Begonia_rex, begonia,@ (any of numerous usually rhizomatous hybrid begonias derived from an East Indian plant having rough-textured leaves patterned in silver and bronze and purple and red-brown with inconspicuous flowers) }
{ wax_begonia, Begonia_semperflorens, begonia,@ (hybrid fibrous-rooted begonia having broad-ovate green to bronze-red leaves and small clusters of white or pink or red flowers; widely used as a bedding plant) }
{ Socotra_begonia, Begonia_socotrana, begonia,@ (semi-tuberous begonia having peltate leaves and rose-pink flowers; Yemen) }
{ hybrid_tuberous_begonia, Begonia_tuberhybrida, tuberous_begonia,@ (any of numerous hybrid begonias having tuberous roots and variously colored flowers) }

(++)
{ Dilleniaceae, family_Dilleniaceae, dilleniid_dicot_family,@ order_Parietales,#m (chiefly tropical shrubs and trees and climbers having leathery leaves or flattened leaflike stems: genera Dillenia and Hibbertia) }
{ genus_Dillenia, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Dilleniaceae,#m (East Indian and Australian shrubs and trees having panicles of large white or yellow flowers) }
{ dillenia, flowering_tree,@ genus_Dillenia,#m (any of several evergreen trees or shrubs of the genus Dillenia grown for their foliage and nodding flowers resembling magnolias which are followed by fruit that is used in curries and jellies and preserves) }
{ Hibbertia, genus_Hibbertia, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Dilleniaceae,#m (evergreen heathlike or scandent shrubs of Madagascar; Australasia; Polynesia) }
{ guinea_gold_vine, guinea_flower, shrub,@ genus_Hibbertia,#m (any of several Australasian evergreen vines widely cultivated in warm regions for their large bright yellow single flowers) }

(++)
{ Guttiferae, family_Guttiferae, Clusiaceae, family_Clusiaceae, St_John's_wort_family, dilleniid_dicot_family,@ order_Parietales,#m (widely distributed family of chiefly tropical trees and shrubs and vines that produce oils and resins and some usable timber) }

{ Calophyllum, genus_Calophyllum, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Guttiferae,#m (genus of tropical evergreen trees) }
{ poon, tree,@ genus_Calophyllum,#m (any of several East Indian trees of the genus Calophyllum having shiny leathery leaves and lightweight hard wood) }
{ poon2, noun.substance:wood,@ poon,#s (wood of any poon tree; used for masts and spars) }
{ calaba, Santa_Maria_tree, Calophyllum_calaba, tree,@ genus_Calophyllum,#m (West Indian tree having racemes of fragrant white flowers and yielding a durable timber and resinous juice) }
{ Maria, Calophyllum_longifolium, tree,@ genus_Calophyllum,#m (valuable timber tree of Panama) }
{ laurelwood, lancewood_tree1, Calophyllum_candidissimum, tree,@ genus_Calophyllum,#m (tropical American tree; valued for its hard durable wood) }
{ Alexandrian_laurel, Calophyllum_inophyllum, poon,@ genus_Calophyllum,#m (East Indian tree having racemes of fragrant white flowers; coastal areas southern India to Malaysia) }

{ genus_Clusia, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Guttiferae,#m (tropical American aromatic trees or shrubs; often epiphytic; some stranglers) }
{ clusia, tree,@ genus_Clusia,#m (an aromatic tree of the genus Clusia having large white or yellow or pink flowers) }
{ wild_fig, Clusia_flava, tree,@ genus_Clusia,#m (a West Indies clusia having fig-shaped fruit) }
{ waxflower2, Clusia_insignis, epiphyte,@ genus_Clusia,#m (epiphytic clusia of British Guiana) }
{ pitch_apple, strangler_fig1, Clusia_rosea, Clusia_major, strangler_tree,@ genus_Clusia,#m (a common tropical American clusia having solitary white or rose flowers) }

{ Garcinia, genus_Garcinia, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Guttiferae,#m (evergreen trees and shrubs: mangosteens) }
{ mangosteen, mangosteen_tree, Garcinia_mangostana, fruit_tree,@ genus_Garcinia,#m (East Indian tree with thick leathery leaves and edible fruit) }
{ gamboge_tree, Garcinia_hanburyi, Garcinia_cambogia, Garcinia_gummi-gutta, angiospermous_tree,@ genus_Garcinia,#m (low spreading tree of Indonesia yielding an orange to brown gum resin (gamboge) used as a pigment when powdered) }

{ Hypericaceae, family_Hypericaceae, dilleniid_dicot_family,@ order_Parietales,#m (used in some classification systems for plants usually included among the Guttiferae) }
{ Hypericum, genus_Hypericum, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Guttiferae,#m (large almost cosmopolitan genus of evergreen or deciduous shrubs and herbs with often showy yellow flowers; cosmopolitan except tropical lowlands and Arctic or high altitudes and desert regions) }
{ St_John's_wort, subshrub,@ genus_Hypericum,#m (any of numerous plants of the genus Hypericum having yellow flowers and transparently dotted leaves; traditionally gathered on St John's eve to ward off evil) }
{ common_St_John's_wort, tutsan, Hypericum_androsaemum, St_John's_wort,@ (deciduous bushy Eurasian shrub with golden yellow flowers and reddish-purple fruits from which a soothing salve is made in Spain) }
{ great_St_John's_wort, Hypericum_ascyron, Hypericum_pyramidatum, St_John's_wort,@ (perennial shrub having large star-shaped yellow flowers in narrowly pyramidal cymes) }
{ creeping_St_John's_wort, Hypericum_calycinum, St_John's_wort,@ (creeping evergreen shrub with bright yellow star-shaped summer flowers; useful as ground cover) }
{ orange_grass, nitweed, pineweed, pine-weed, Hypericum_gentianoides, St_John's_wort,@ (annual wiry-stemmed North American weed with minute scalelike leaves and small yellow flowers) }
{ St_Andrews's_cross, Hypericum_crux_andrae, St_John's_wort,@ (shrubby plant having yellow to apricot flowers with four petals arranged in a cross; southeastern United States: New York to Texas) }
{ low_St_Andrew's_cross, Hypericum_hypericoides, St_John's_wort,@ (low shrubby plant having yellow flowers with four petals arranged in a cross; Bermuda and southeastern United States to West Indies and eastern Mexico) }
{ klammath_weed, Hypericum_perforatum, St_John's_wort,@ (yellow-flowered perennial common in fields and waste places but a weed in rangelands) }
{ shrubby_St_John's_wort, Hypericum_prolificum, Hypericum_spathulatum, St_John's_wort,@ (stiff shrub having oblong entire leaves and dense cymes of yellow flowers) }
{ St_Peter's_wort, Hypericum_tetrapterum, Hypericum_maculatum, St_John's_wort,@ (European perennial St John's wort; Ireland and France to western Siberia) }
{ marsh_St-John's_wort, Hypericum_virginianum, St_John's_wort,@ (perennial marsh herb with pink to mauve flowers; southeastern United States) }

{ Mammea, genus_Mammea, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Guttiferae,#m (American and Asiatic trees having edible one-seeded fruit) }
{ mammee_apple, mammee1, mamey, mammee_tree, Mammea_americana, fruit_tree,@ genus_Mammea,#m (tropical American tree having edible fruit with a leathery rind) }

{ Mesua, genus_Mesua, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Guttiferae,#m (genus of tropical Asiatic trees having large solitary flowers) }
{ rose_chestnut, ironwood3, ironwood_tree3, Mesua_ferrea, tree,@ genus_Mesua,#m (handsome East Indian evergreen tree often planted as an ornamental for its fragrant white flowers that yield a perfume; source of very heavy hardwood used for railroad ties) }

(++)
{ Actinidiaceae, family_Actinidiaceae, dilleniid_dicot_family,@ order_Parietales,#m (tropical trees or shrubs or woody vines) }
{ Actinidia, genus_Actinidia, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Actinidiaceae,#m (small Asiatic woody vine bearing many-seeded fruit) }
{ bower_actinidia, tara_vine, Actinidia_arguta, vine,@ genus_Actinidia,#m (climbing Asiatic vine having long finely serrate leaves and racemes of white flowers followed by greenish-yellow edible fruit) }
{ Chinese_gooseberry, kiwi, kiwi_vine, Actinidia_chinensis, Actinidia_deliciosa, vine,@ genus_Actinidia,#m (climbing vine native to China; cultivated in New Zealand for its fuzzy edible fruit with green meat) }
{ silvervine, silver_vine, Actinidia_polygama, vine,@ genus_Actinidia,#m (ornamental vine of eastern Asia having yellow edible fruit and leaves with silver-white markings) }

{ Canellaceae, family_Canellaceae, canella_family, dilleniid_dicot_family,@ order_Parietales,#m (one genus: aromatic tropical trees of eastern Africa and Florida to West Indies) }
{ genus_Canella, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Canellaceae,#m (one species) }
{ wild_cinnamon1, white_cinnamon_tree, Canella_winterana, Canella-alba, shrub,@ genus_Canella,#m (large evergreen shrub or small tree having white aromatic bark and leathery leaves and small purple to red flowers in terminal cymes) }
{ canella, canella_bark, white_cinnamon, bark,@ white_cinnamon_tree,#p (highly aromatic inner bark of the Canella winterana used as a condiment and a tonic) }

(++)
{ Caricaceae, family_Caricaceae, papaya_family, dilleniid_dicot_family,@ order_Parietales,#m (trees native to tropical America and Africa with milky juice and large palmately lobed leaves) }
{ Carica, genus_Carica, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Caricaceae,#m (type genus of the Caricaceae; tropical American trees: papayas) }
{ papaya, papaia, pawpaw2, papaya_tree, melon_tree, Carica_papaya, fruit_tree,@ genus_Carica,#m (tropical American shrub or small tree having huge deeply palmately cleft leaves and large oblong yellow fruit) }

(++)
{ Caryocaraceae, family_Caryocaraceae, dilleniid_dicot_family,@ order_Parietales,#m (small genus of tropical South American trees) }
{ Caryocar, genus_Caryocar, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Caryocaraceae,#m (type genus of the Caryocaraceae; South American trees yielding strong fine-grained wood and edible nuts) }
{ souari, souari_nut, souari_tree, Caryocar_nuciferum, tree,@ genus_Caryocar,#m (large South American evergreen tree trifoliate leaves and drupes with nutlike seeds used as food and a source of cooking oil) }

{ Cistaceae, family_Cistaceae, rockrose_family, dilleniid_dicot_family,@ order_Parietales,#m (shrubs or woody herbs of temperate regions especially Mediterranean) }
{ Cistus, genus_Cistus, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cistaceae,#m (small to medium-sized evergreen shrubs of southern Europe and North Africa) }
{ rockrose1, rock_rose1, shrub,@ genus_Cistus,#m (small shrubs of scrub and dry woodland regions of southern Europe and North Africa; grown for their showy flowers and soft often downy and aromatic evergreen foliage) }
{ white-leaved_rockrose, Cistus_albidus, rockrose1,@ (compact white pubescent shrub of southwestern Europe having pink flowers) }
{ common_gum_cistus, Cistus_ladanifer, Cistus_ladanum, rockrose1,@ (shrub having white flowers and viscid stems and leaves yielding a fragrant oleoresin used in perfumes especially as a fixative) }
{ labdanum, ladanum, noun.substance:oleoresin,@ common_gum_cistus,#s (a soft blackish-brown resinous exudate from various rockroses used in perfumes especially as a fixative) }

{ genus_Helianthemum, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cistaceae,#m (widely distributed evergreen or semi-evergreen shrublets; America; Europe and North Africa to Asia Minor and central Asia) }
{ helianthemum, sunrose, sun_rose, shrub,@ genus_Helianthemum,#m (any plant of the genus Helianthemum; vigorous plants of stony alpine meadows and dry scrub regions) }
{ frostweed, frost-weed, frostwort2, Helianthemum_canadense, Crocanthemum_canadense, helianthemum,@ (perennial of the eastern United States having early solitary yellow flowers followed by late petalless flowers; so-called because ice crystals form on it during first frosts) }
{ rockrose2, rock_rose2, helianthemum,@ (any of numerous varieties of helianthemums having small rose-like yellow or white or reddish flowers) }
{ rush_rose, Helianthemum_scoparium, helianthemum,@ (woody yellow-flowered perennial of southeastern United States) }

{ Hudsonia, genus_Hudsonia, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cistaceae,#m (small evergreen subshrubs of North America) }
{ false_heather, golden_heather, Hudsonia_ericoides, subshrub,@ genus_Hudsonia,#m (North American decumbent evergreen heathlike plant with yellow flowers) }
{ beach_heather, poverty_grass, Hudsonia_tomentosa, subshrub,@ genus_Hudsonia,#m (small heathlike plant covered with white down growing on beaches in northeastern North America) }

{ Dipterocarpaceae, family_Dipterocarpaceae, dilleniid_dicot_family,@ order_Parietales,#m (chiefly tropical Asian trees with two-winged fruits; yield valuable woods and aromatic oils and resins) }
{ dipterocarp, tree,@ family_Dipterocarpaceae,#m (tree of the family Dipterocarpaceae) }
{ Shorea, genus_Shorea, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Dipterocarpaceae,#m (genus of Indonesian and Malaysian timber trees rich in resin) }
{ red_lauan, red_lauan_tree, Shorea_teysmanniana, dipterocarp,@ genus_Shorea,#m (valuable Philippine timber tree) }
{ red_lauan2, noun.substance:wood,@ red_lauan_tree,#s (hard heavy red wood of the red lauan tree; often sold as Philippine mahogany) }

(++)
{ Flacourtiaceae, family_Flacourtiaceae, flacourtia_family, dilleniid_dicot_family,@ order_Parietales,#m (chiefly tropical trees and shrubs) }
{ Flacourtia, genus_Flacourtia, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Flacourtiaceae,#m (often spiny trees or shrubs of tropical Asia and Africa) }
{ governor's_plum, governor_plum, Madagascar_plum, ramontchi, batoko_palm, Flacourtia_indica, shrub,@ genus_Flacourtia,#m (small shrubby tree of Madagascar cultivated in tropical regions as a hedge plant and for its deep red acid fruits resembling small plums) }
{ Dovyalis, genus_Dovyalis, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Flacourtiaceae,#m (small genus of sometimes spiny shrubs or small trees; Africa; India; Sri Lanka) }
{ kei_apple, kei_apple_bush, Dovyalis_caffra, shrub,@ genus_Dovyalis,#m (vigorous South African spiny shrub grown for its round yellow juicy edible fruits) }
{ ketembilla, kitembilla, kitambilla, ketembilla_tree, Ceylon_gooseberry, Dovyalis_hebecarpa, tree,@ genus_Dovyalis,#m (a small shrubby spiny tree cultivated for its maroon-purple fruit with sweet purple pulp tasting like gooseberries; Sri Lanka and India) }
{ Hydnocarpus, genus_Hydnocarpus, Taraktagenos, genus_Taraktagenos, Taraktogenos, genus_Taraktogenos, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Flacourtiaceae,#m (medium to large Indonesian and Malaysian trees) }
{ chaulmoogra, chaulmoogra_tree, chaulmugra, Hydnocarpus_kurzii, Taraktagenos_kurzii, Taraktogenos_kurzii, tree,@ genus_Hydnocarpus,#m (East Indian tree with oily seeds yield chaulmoogra oil used to treat leprosy) }
{ Hydnocarpus_laurifolia, Hydnocarpus_wightiana, tree,@ genus_Hydnocarpus,#m (leathery-leaved tree of western India bearing round fruits with brown densely hairy rind enclosing oily pulp that yields hydnocarpus oil) }
{ hydnocarpus_oil, noun.substance:oil,@ (oil from seeds of trees of the genus Hydnocarpus especially Hydnocarpus wightiana (Hydnocarpus laurifolia)) }
{ genus_Idesia, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Flacourtiaceae,#m (one species) }
{ idesia, Idesia_polycarpa, tree,@ genus_Idesia,#m (deciduous roundheaded Asiatic tree widely grown in mild climates as an ornamental for its heart-shaped leaves and fragrant yellow-green flowers followed by hanging clusters of fleshy orange-red berries) }
{ Kiggelaria, genus_Kiggelaria, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Flacourtiaceae,#m (small genus of South African shrubs or small trees) }
{ wild_peach, Kiggelaria_africana, shrub,@ genus_Kiggelaria,#m (large much-branched shrub grown primarily for its evergreen foliage) }
{ genus_Xylosma, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Flacourtiaceae,#m (genus of tropical American and Asiatic spiny evergreen trees and shrubs) }
{ xylosma, Xylosma_congestum, shrub,@ genus_Xylosma,#m (shrub or small tree grown as an ornamental in mild climates for its neat evergreen foliage and fragrant late flowers; native of China) }

(++)
{ Fouquieriaceae, family_Fouquieriaceae, dilleniid_dicot_family,@ order_Parietales,#m (small family of spiny shrubs or trees of southwestern United States) }
{ candlewood, shrub,@ (any of several resinous trees or shrubs often burned for light) }
{ Fouquieria, genus_Fouquieria, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Fouquieriaceae,#m (resinous succulent trees or shrubs of desert and semidesert regions of southwestern United States that are leafless most of the year) }
{ ocotillo, coachwhip, Jacob's_staff, vine_cactus, Fouquieria_splendens, candlewood,@ genus_Fouquieria,#m (desert shrub of southwestern United States and Mexico having slender naked spiny branches that after the rainy season put forth foliage and clusters of red flowers) }
{ boojum_tree, cirio, Fouquieria_columnaris, Idria_columnaris, candlewood,@ genus_Fouquieria,#m (candlewood of Mexico and southwestern California having tall columnar stems and bearing honey-scented creamy yellow flowers) }

(++complete)
{ Ochnaceae, family_Ochnaceae, ochna_family, dilleniid_dicot_family,@ order_Parietales,#m (family of tropical evergreen trees and shrubs with thick shining parallel-veined leaves) }
{ Ochna, genus_Ochna, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Ochnaceae,#m (type genus of Ochnaceae; evergreen trees and shrubs of Old World tropics) }
{ bird's-eye_bush, Ochna_serrulata, shrub,@ genus_Ochna,#m (shrub with narrow-elliptic glossy evergreen leaves and yellow flowers with leathery petaloid sepals) }

{ Passifloraceae, family_Passifloraceae, passionflower_family, dilleniid_dicot_family,@ order_Parietales,#m (tropical woody tendril-climbing vines) }
{ Passiflora, genus_Passiflora, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Passifloraceae,#m (type genus of the Passifloraceae) }
{ passionflower, passionflower_vine, vine,@ genus_Passiflora,#m (any of various chiefly tropical American vines some bearing edible fruit) }
{ granadilla1, purple_granadillo, Passiflora_edulis, passionflower,@ (Brazilian passionflower cultivated for its deep purple fruit) }
{ granadilla2, sweet_granadilla, Passiflora_ligularis, passionflower,@ (considered best for fruit) }
{ granadilla, giant_granadilla, Passiflora_quadrangularis, passionflower,@ (tropical American passionflower yielding the large granadilla fruit) }
{ maypop, Passiflora_incarnata, passionflower,@ (of southern United States; having an insipid berry the size of a hen egg) }
{ Jamaica_honeysuckle, yellow_granadilla, Passiflora_laurifolia, passionflower,@ (West Indian passionflower; cultivated for its yellow edible fruit) }
{ banana_passion_fruit, Passiflora_mollissima, passionflower,@ (cultivated for fruit) }
{ sweet_calabash, Passiflora_maliformis, passionflower,@ (West Indian passionflower with edible apple-sized fruit) }
{ love-in-a-mist1, running_pop, wild_water_lemon, Passiflora_foetida, passionflower,@ (tropical American passion flower with finely dissected bracts; stems malodorous when crushed) }

{ Resedaceae, family_Resedaceae, mignonette_family, dilleniid_dicot_family,@ order_Parietales,#m (mainly Mediterranean herbs: mignonette) }
{ genus_Reseda, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Resedaceae,#m (Old World genus of herbs having racemose flowers: mignonette; dyer's rocket) }
{ reseda, herb,@ genus_Reseda,#m (any plant of the genus Reseda) }
{ mignonette, sweet_reseda, Reseda_odorata, reseda,@ genus_Reseda,#m (Mediterranean woody annual widely cultivated for its dense terminal spikelike clusters greenish or yellowish white flowers having an intense spicy fragrance) }
{ dyer's_rocket, dyer's_mignonette, weld, Reseda_luteola, reseda,@ genus_Reseda,#m (European mignonette cultivated as a source of yellow dye; naturalized in North America) }

(++)
{ Tamaricaceae, family_Tamaricaceae, tamarisk_family, dilleniid_dicot_family,@ order_Parietales,#m (family of desert shrubs and trees (mostly halophytes and xerophytes)) }
{ Tamarix, genus_Tamarix, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Tamaricaceae,#m (genus of deciduous shrubs or small trees of eastern Mediterranean regions and tropical Asia) }
{ tamarisk, shrub,@ genus_Tamarix,#m (any shrub or small tree of the genus Tamarix having small scalelike or needle-shaped leaves and feathery racemes of small white or pinkish flowers; of mostly coastal areas with saline soil) }
{ Myricaria, genus_Myricaria, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Tamaricaceae,#m (small genus of deciduous shrubs or subshrubs of southern Europe to Siberia and China; tolerant of chalky soil) }
{ false_tamarisk, German_tamarisk, Myricaria_germanica, shrub,@ genus_Myricaria,#m (Eurasian shrub resembling the tamarisk) }

{ halophyte, vascular_plant,@ (plant growing naturally in very salty soil) }

{ Violaceae, family_Violaceae, violet_family, dilleniid_dicot_family,@ order_Parietales,#m (a family of order Parietales including the genera Viola, Hybanthus, Hymenanthera, Melicytus) }(==)

{ Viola1, genus_Viola, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Violaceae,#m (large genus of flowering herbs of temperate regions) }
{ viola, herbaceous_plant,@ genus_Viola,#m (any of the numerous plants of the genus Viola) }
{ violet, viola,@ (any of numerous low-growing violas with small flowers) }
{ field_pansy, heartsease1, Viola_arvensis, viola,@ (common Old World viola with creamy often violet-tinged flowers) }
{ American_dog_violet, Viola_conspersa, violet,@ (violet of eastern North America having pale violet to white flowers) }
{ sweet_white_violet, white_violet, woodland_white_violet, Viola_blanda, violet,@ (short-stemmed violet of eastern North America having fragrant purple-veined white flowers) }
{ Canada_violet, tall_white_violet, white_violet2, Viola_canadensis, violet,@ (tall North American perennial with heart-shaped leaves and white flowers with purple streaks) }
{ dog_violet, heath_violet, Viola_canina, violet,@ (Old World leafy-stemmed blue-flowered violet) }
{ horned_violet, tufted_pansy, Viola_cornuta, viola,@ (European viola with an unusually long corolla spur) }
{ two-eyed_violet, heartsease2, Viola_ocellata, violet,@ (violet of Pacific coast of North America having white petals tinged with yellow and deep violet) }
{ sweet_violet, garden_violet, English_violet, Viola_odorata, violet,@ (European violet typically having purple to white flowers; widely naturalized) }
{ bird's-foot_violet, pansy_violet, Johnny-jump-up1, wood_violet1, Viola_pedata, violet,@ (common violet of the eastern United States with large pale blue or purple flowers resembling pansies) }
{ downy_yellow_violet, Viola_pubescens, violet,@ (violet of eastern North America having softly pubescent leaves and stems and clear yellow flowers with brown-purple veins) }
{ long-spurred_violet, Viola_rostrata, violet,@ (violet of eastern North America having lilac-purple flowers with a long slender spur) }
{ pale_violet, striped_violet, cream_violet, Viola_striata, violet,@ (leafy-stemmed violet of eastern North America having large white or creamy flowers faintly marked with purple) }
{ hedge_violet, wood_violet2, Viola_sylvatica, Viola_reichenbachiana, violet,@ (common European violet that grows in woods and hedgerows) }
{ pansy1, Viola_tricolor_hortensis, viola,@ (large-flowered garden plant derived chiefly from the wild pansy of Europe and having velvety petals of various colors) }
{ wild_pansy, Johnny-jump-up2, heartsease3, love-in-idleness, pink_of_my_John, Viola_tricolor, viola,@ (a common and long cultivated European herb from which most common garden pansies are derived) }

{ Hybanthus, genus_Hybanthus, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Violaceae,#m (a genus of herbs and small shrubs with white or purple flowers; grows in tropical or subtropical regions) }

{ Hymenanthera, genus_Hymenanthera, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Violaceae,#m (a genus of slender evergreen shrubs; grow in Australia and New Zealand) }

{ Melicytus, genus_Melicytus, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Violaceae,#m (a genus of deciduous shrubs or trees; fruit is a berry; grow in New Zealand and Fiji and Solomon Islands) }

(== Soleirolia or Hexine)
{ Urticales, order_Urticales, plant_order,@ class_Dicotyledones,#m (an order of dicotyledonous plants including Moraceae and Urticaceae and Ulmaceae) }
{ Urticaceae, family_Urticaceae, nettle_family, dicot_family,@ order_Urticales,#m (a family of plants of order Urticales including many nettles with stinging hairs) }
{ [ nettle, verb.perception:nettle,+ ] weed,@ (any of numerous plants having stinging hairs that cause skin irritation on contact (especially of the genus Urtica or family Urticaceae)) }
{ Urtica, genus_Urtica, dicot_genus,@ family_Urticaceae,#m (a nettle yielding fiber resembling flax) }
{ stinging_nettle, Urtica_dioica, nettle,@ genus_Urtica,#m (perennial Eurasian nettle established in North America having broad coarsely toothed leaves with copious stinging hairs) }
{ Roman_nettle, Urtica_pipulifera, nettle,@ genus_Urtica,#m (annual European nettle with stinging foliage and small clusters of green flowers) }
{ Boehmeria, genus_Boehmeria, dicot_genus,@ family_Urticaceae,#m (false nettle) }
{ false_nettle, bog_hemp, herbaceous_plant,@ genus_Boehmeria,#m (any of several flowering weeds of the genus Boehmeria lacking stinging hairs) }
{ ramie, ramee, Chinese_silk_plant, China_grass, Boehmeria_nivea, false_nettle,@ genus_Boehmeria,#m (tall perennial herb of tropical Asia with dark green leaves; cultivated for the fiber from its woody stems that resembles flax) }
{ Helxine, genus_Helxine, Soleirolia, genus_Soleirolia, dicot_genus,@ family_Urticaceae,#m (one species; a dwarf creeping mat-forming evergreen herb) }
{ baby's_tears, baby_tears, Helxine_soleirolia, Soleirolia_soleirolii, groundcover2,@ genus_Soleirolia,#m (prostrate or creeping Corsican herb with moss-like small round short-stemmed leaves) }
{ Laportea, genus_Laportea, dicot_genus,@ family_Urticaceae,#m (mostly tropical stinging herbs or trees: nettle) }
{ wood_nettle, Laportea_canadensis, nettle,@ genus_Laportea,#m (American perennial herb found in rich woods and provided with stinging hairs; provides fibers used for textiles) }
{ Australian_nettle, Australian_nettle_tree, tree,@ genus_Laportea,#m (any of several tall Australian trees of the genus Laportea) }
{ Parietaria, genus_Parietaria, dicot_genus,@ family_Urticaceae,#m (small genus of stingless herbs) }
{ pellitory-of-the-wall, wall_pellitory, pellitory2, Parietaria_difussa, herbaceous_plant,@ genus_Parietaria,#m (herb that grows in crevices having long narrow leaves and small pink apetalous flowers) }
{ Pilea, genus_Pilea, dicot_genus,@ family_Urticaceae,#m (low-growing tropical perennials grown for their stingless foliage) }
{ richweed1, clearweed, dead_nettle3, Pilea_pumilla, nettle,@ genus_Pilea,#m (a plants of the genus Pilea having drooping green flower clusters and smooth translucent stems and leaves) }
{ artillery_plant, Pilea_microphylla, nettle,@ genus_Pilea,#m (tropical American stingless nettle that discharges its pollen explosively) }
{ friendship_plant, panamica, panamiga, Pilea_involucrata, nettle,@ genus_Pilea,#m (low stingless nettle of Central and South America having velvety brownish-green toothed leaves and clusters of small green flowers) }
{ Pipturus, genus_Pipturus, dicot_genus,@ family_Urticaceae,#m (an Australian genus of woody plants of the family Urticaceae) }
{ Queensland_grass-cloth_plant, Pipturus_argenteus, woody_plant,@ genus_Pipturus,#m (Australian plant of genus Pipturus whose fiber is used in making cloth) }
{ Pipturus_albidus, angiospermous_tree,@ genus_Pipturus,#m (Hawaiian tree of genus Pipturus having a bark (tapa) from which tapa cloth is made) }

{ Cannabidaceae, family_Cannabidaceae, hemp_family, dicot_family,@ order_Urticales,#m (two genera of erect or twining herbs that are pollinated by the wind, including the genera Cannabis and Humulus; term not used in all classifications; in some the genus Cannabis is placed in the family Moraceae and the genus Humulus in the family Urticaceae) }
{ genus_Cannabis, dicot_genus,@ family_Cannabidaceae,#m (hemp: genus of coarse annuals native to central Asia and widely naturalized in north temperate regions; in some classifications included in the family Moraceae) }
{ cannabis, hemp, shrub,@ genus_Cannabis,#m (any plant of the genus Cannabis; a coarse bushy annual with palmate leaves and clusters of small green flowers; yields tough fibers and narcotic drugs) }
{ marijuana, marihuana, ganja, Cannabis_sativa, cannabis,@ (a strong-smelling plant whose dried leaves can be smoked for a pleasant effect or pain reduction) }
{ Indian_hemp2, Cannabis_indica, cannabis,@ (source of e.g. bhang and hashish as well as fiber) }
{ Humulus, genus_Humulus, dicot_genus,@ family_Cannabidaceae,#m (hops: hardy perennial vines of Europe, North America and central and eastern Asia producing a latex sap; in some classifications included in the family Urticaceae) }
{ hop, hops, vine,@ genus_Humulus,#m (twining perennials having cordate leaves and flowers arranged in conelike spikes; the dried flowers of this plant are used in brewing to add the characteristic bitter taste to beer) }
{ common_hop, common_hops, bine, European_hop, Humulus_lupulus, hop,@ (European twining plant whose flowers are used chiefly to flavor malt liquors; cultivated in America) }
{ American_hop, Humulus_americanus, hop,@ (native American plant sometimes confused with the European hop) }
{ Japanese_hop, Humulus_japonicus, hop,@ (ornamental vine native to eastern Asia; cultivated for its variegated foliage) }

{ [ Moraceae, adj.pert:moraceous,+ ] family_Moraceae, mulberry_family, dicot_family,@ order_Urticales,#m (trees or shrubs having a milky juice; in some classifications includes genus Cannabis) }
{ Morus, genus_Morus, dicot_genus,@ family_Moraceae,#m (type genus of the Moraceae: mulberries) }
{ mulberry, mulberry_tree, fruit_tree,@ genus_Morus,#m (any of several trees of the genus Morus having edible fruit that resembles the blackberry) }
{ white_mulberry, Morus_alba, mulberry,@ (Asiatic mulberry with white to pale red fruit; leaves used to feed silkworms) }
{ black_mulberry, Morus_nigra, mulberry,@ (European mulberry having dark foliage and fruit) }
{ red_mulberry, Morus_rubra, mulberry,@ (North American mulberry having dark purple edible fruit) }
{ Maclura, genus_Maclura, dicot_genus,@ family_Moraceae,#m (yellowwood trees or shrubs) }
{ osage_orange, bow_wood, mock_orange2, Maclura_pomifera, angiospermous_yellowwood,@ (small shrubby deciduous yellowwood tree of south central United States having spines, glossy dark green leaves and an inedible fruit that resembles an orange; its hard orange-colored wood used for bows by Native Americans; frequently planted as boundary hedge) }
{ Artocarpus, genus_Artocarpus, dicot_genus,@ family_Moraceae,#m (evergreen Asiatic trees now grown through the tropics: breadfruit; jackfruit) }
{ breadfruit, breadfruit_tree, Artocarpus_communis, Artocarpus_altilis, fruit_tree,@ genus_Artocarpus,#m (native to Pacific islands and having edible fruit with a texture like bread) }
{ jackfruit, jackfruit_tree, Artocarpus_heterophyllus, fruit_tree,@ genus_Artocarpus,#m (East Indian tree cultivated for its immense edible fruit and seeds) }
{ marang, marang_tree, Artocarpus_odoratissima, fruit_tree,@ genus_Artocarpus,#m (Philippine tree similar to the breadfruit tree bearing edible fruit) }
{ Ficus, genus_Ficus, dicot_genus,@ family_Moraceae,#m (large genus of tropical trees or shrubs or climbers including fig trees) }

{ fig_tree, tree,@ genus_Ficus,#m (any moraceous tree of the tropical genus Ficus; produces a closed pear-shaped receptacle that becomes fleshy and edible when mature) }
{ fig, common_fig, common_fig_tree, Ficus_carica, fig_tree,@ (Mediterranean tree widely cultivated for its edible fruit) }
{ caprifig, Ficus_carica_sylvestris, common_fig,@ (wild variety of the common fig used to facilitate pollination of certain figs) }
{ golden_fig, Florida_strangler_fig, strangler_fig2, wild_fig2, Ficus_aurea, fig_tree,@ genus_Ficus,#m (a strangler tree native to southern Florida and West Indies; begins as an epiphyte eventually developing many thick aerial roots and covering enormous areas) }
{ banyan, banyan_tree, banian, banian_tree, Indian_banyan, East_Indian_fig_tree, Ficus_bengalensis, fig_tree,@ (East Indian tree that puts out aerial shoots that grow down into the soil forming additional trunks) }
{ pipal, pipal_tree, pipul, peepul, sacred_fig, bo_tree, Ficus_religiosa, fig_tree,@ (fig tree of India noted for great size and longevity; lacks the prop roots of the banyan; regarded as sacred by Buddhists) }
{ India-rubber_tree, India-rubber_plant, India-rubber_fig, rubber_plant, Assam_rubber, Ficus_elastica, fig_tree,@ (large tropical Asian tree frequently dwarfed as a houseplant; source of Assam rubber) }
{ mistletoe_fig, mistletoe_rubber_plant, Ficus_diversifolia, Ficus_deltoidea, fig_tree,@ (shrub or small tree often grown as a houseplant having foliage like mistletoe) }
{ Port_Jackson_fig, rusty_rig, little-leaf_fig, Botany_Bay_fig, Ficus_rubiginosa, fig_tree,@ (Australian tree resembling the banyan often planted for ornament; introduced into South Africa for brushwood) }
{ sycamore4, sycamore_fig, mulberry_fig, Ficus_sycomorus, fig_tree,@ genus_Ficus,#m (thick-branched wide-spreading tree of Africa and adjacent southwestern Asia often buttressed with branches rising from near the ground; produces cluster of edible but inferior figs on short leafless twigs; the biblical sycamore) }
{ Broussonetia, genus_Broussonetia, dicot_genus,@ family_Moraceae,#m (paper mulberry) }
{ paper_mulberry, Broussonetia_papyrifera, angiospermous_tree,@ genus_Broussonetia,#m (shrubby Asiatic tree having bark (tapa) that resembles cloth; grown as a shade tree in Europe and America; male flowers are pendulous catkins and female are urn-shaped followed by small orange-red aggregate berries) }

{ Cecropiaceae, family_Cecropiaceae, dicot_family,@ order_Urticales,#m (in some classifications included in family Moraceae) }
{ Cecropia, genus_Cecropia, dicot_genus,@ family_Cecropiaceae,#m (large genus of tropical American trees that yield a bast fiber used for cordage and bark used in tanning; milky juice yields caoutchouc) }
{ trumpetwood, trumpet-wood, trumpet_tree, snake_wood, imbauba, Cecropia_peltata, angiospermous_tree,@ genus_Cecropia,#m (tropical American tree with large peltate leaves and hollow stems) }

(==)
{ Ulmaceae, family_Ulmaceae, elm_family, dicot_family,@ order_Urticales,#m (a dicot family of the order Urticales including: genera Ulmus, Celtis, Planera, Trema) }

{ Ulmus, genus_Ulmus, dicot_genus,@ family_Ulmaceae,#m (type genus of family Ulmaceae; deciduous trees having simple serrate leaves; widely distributed in temperate regions) }
{ elm, elm_tree, tree,@ genus_Ulmus,#m (any of various trees of the genus Ulmus: important timber or shade trees) }
{ elm2, elmwood, noun.substance:wood,@ elm_tree,#s (hard tough wood of an elm tree; used for e.g. implements and furniture) }
{ winged_elm, wing_elm, Ulmus_alata, elm,@ genus_Ulmus,#m (North American elm having twigs and young branches with prominent corky projections) }
{ American_elm, white_elm, water_elm1, rock_elm2, Ulmus_americana, elm,@ genus_Ulmus,#m (large ornamental tree with graceful gradually spreading branches common in eastern North America) }
{ smooth-leaved_elm, European_field_elm, Ulmus_carpinifolia, elm,@ genus_Ulmus,#m (European elm with lustrous smooth leaves used as an ornamental) }
{ cedar_elm, Ulmus_crassifolia, elm,@ genus_Ulmus,#m (elm of southern United States and Mexico having spreading pendulous corky branches) }
{ witch_elm, wych_elm, Ulmus_glabra, elm,@ genus_Ulmus,#m (Eurasian elm often planted as a shade tree) }
{ Dutch_elm, Ulmus_hollandica, elm,@ genus_Ulmus,#m (any of various hybrid ornamental European shade trees ranging from dwarf to tall) }
{ Huntingdon_elm, Ulmus_hollandica_vegetata, elm,@ genus_Ulmus,#m (erect vigorous hybrid ornamental elm tree) }
{ water_elm2, Ulmus_laevis, elm,@ genus_Ulmus,#m (Eurasian elm closely resembling the American elm; thrives in a moist environment) }
{ Chinese_elm1, Ulmus_parvifolia, elm,@ genus_Ulmus,#m (small fast-growing tree native to Asia; widely grown as shelterbelts and hedges) }
{ English_elm, European_elm, Ulmus_procera, elm,@ genus_Ulmus,#m (broad spreading rough-leaved elm common throughout Europe and planted elsewhere) }
{ Siberian_elm, Chinese_elm2, dwarf_elm, Ulmus_pumila, elm,@ genus_Ulmus,#m (fast-growing shrubby Asian tree naturalized in United States for shelter or ornament) }
{ slippery_elm, red_elm1, Ulmus_rubra, elm,@ genus_Ulmus,#m (North American elm having rough leaves that are red when opening; yields a hard wood) }
{ Jersey_elm, guernsey_elm, wheately_elm, Ulmus_sarniensis, Ulmus_campestris_sarniensis, Ulmus_campestris_wheatleyi, elm,@ genus_Ulmus,#m (a variety of the English elm with erect branches and broader leaves) }
{ September_elm, red_elm2, Ulmus_serotina, elm,@ genus_Ulmus,#m (autumn-flowering elm of southeastern United States) }
{ rock_elm1, Ulmus_thomasii, elm,@ genus_Ulmus,#m (tall widely distributed elm of eastern North America) }

{ Celtis, genus_Celtis, dicot_genus,@ family_Ulmaceae,#m (large genus of trees and shrubs with berrylike fruit) }
{ hackberry, nettle_tree, tree,@ genus_Celtis,#m (any of various trees of the genus Celtis having inconspicuous flowers and small berrylike fruits) }
{ European_hackberry, Mediterranean_hackberry, Celtis_australis, hackberry,@ genus_Celtis,#m (bright green deciduous shade tree of southern Europe) }
{ American_hackberry, Celtis_occidentalis, hackberry,@ genus_Celtis,#m (large deciduous shade tree of southern United States with small deep purple berries) }
{ sugarberry, Celtis_laevigata, hackberry,@ genus_Celtis,#m (deciduous shade tree with small black berries; southern United States; yields soft yellowish wood) }

{ Planera, genus_Planera, dicot_genus,@ family_Ulmaceae,#m (a deciduous tree of the family Ulmaceae that grows in the southeastern United States) }

{ Trema, genus_Trema, dicot_genus,@ family_Ulmaceae,#m (an evergreen tree of the family Ulmaceae that grows in tropical America and Africa and Asia) }

(==)
{ Liliidae, subclass_Liliidae, noun.group:class2,@ class_Monocotyledones,#m (one of four subclasses or superorders of Monocotyledones; comprises 17 families including: Liliaceae; Alliaceae; Amaryllidaceae; Iridaceae; Orchidaceae; Trilliaceae) }

(==liliid_monocot_family...)
{ Liliales, order_Liliales, plant_order,@ subclass_Liliidae,#m (an order of monocotyledonous plants including Amaryllidaceae and Liliaceae and Iridaceae) }

{ [ Iridaceae, adj.pert:iridaceous,+ ] family_Iridaceae, iris_family, liliid_monocot_family,@ order_Liliales,#m (large family of usually perennial geophytic herbs with rhizomes or corms or bulbs) }
{ iridaceous_plant, bulbous_plant,@ family_Iridaceae,#m (any bulbous plant of the family Iridaceae) }
{ genus_Iris, liliid_monocot_genus,@ family_Iridaceae,@ (large genus of perennials that develop from bulbs or rhizomes) }
{ iris, flag, fleur-de-lis, sword_lily1, iridaceous_plant,@ genus_Iris,#m (plants with sword-shaped leaves and erect stalks bearing bright-colored flowers composed of three petals and three drooping sepals) }
{ bearded_iris, iris,@ genus_Iris,#m (any of numerous wild or cultivated irises with hairlike structures on the falls (the drooping sepals)) }
{ beardless_iris, iris,@ genus_Iris,#m (any of numerous wild or cultivated irises having no hairs on the drooping sepals (the falls)) }
{ bulbous_iris, iris,@ genus_Iris,#m (any of various irises having a rootstock formed like a bulb) }
{ orrisroot, orris2, root,@ Florentine_iris,#m (fragrant rootstock of various irises especially Florentine iris; used in perfumes and medicines) }
{ dwarf_iris2, Iris_cristata, iris,@ (low-growing summer-flowering iris of northeastern United States) }
{ Dutch_iris1, Iris_filifolia, beardless_iris,@ (bulbous Spanish iris with red-violet flowers) }
{ Florentine_iris, orris1, Iris_germanica_florentina, Iris_florentina, bearded_iris,@ (German iris having large white flowers with lavender-tinged falls and a fragrant rhizome) }
{ stinking_iris, gladdon, gladdon_iris, stinking_gladwyn, roast_beef_plant, Iris_foetidissima, iris,@ (iris with purple flowers and foul-smelling leaves; southern and western Europe and North Africa) }
{ German_iris1, Iris_germanica, bearded_iris,@ (a large iris with purple or white flowers, native to central and southern Europe) }
{ Japanese_iris, Iris_kaempferi, beardless_iris,@ (iris native to Japan having large showy flowers) }
{ German_iris2, Iris_kochii, bearded_iris,@ (iris of northern Italy having deep blue-purple flowers; similar to but smaller than Iris germanica) }
{ Dalmatian_iris, Iris_pallida, bearded_iris,@ (European iris having soft lilac-blue flowers) }
{ Persian_iris, Iris_persica, iris,@ (bulbous iris native to Asia Minor cultivated for its pale lilac-colored flowers) }
{ yellow_iris, yellow_flag, yellow_water_flag, Iris_pseudacorus, iris,@ (common yellow-flowered iris of Europe and North Africa, naturalized in United States and often cultivated) }
{ Dutch_iris2, Iris_tingitana, beardless_iris,@ (bulbous Spanish iris having blue flowers) }
{ dwarf_iris1, vernal_iris, Iris_verna, iris,@ (low-growing spring-flowering American iris with bright blue-lilac flowers) }
{ blue_flag, Iris_versicolor, iris,@ (a common iris of the eastern United States having blue or blue-violet flowers; root formerly used medicinally) }
{ southern_blue_flag, Iris_virginica, iris,@ (similar to blue flag; the eastern United States) }
{ English_iris, Iris_xiphioides, iris,@ (bulbous iris native to the Pyrenees; widely cultivated for its large delicate flowers in various colors except yellow) }
{ Spanish_iris, xiphium_iris, Iris_xiphium, beardless_iris,@ (bulbous iris of western Mediterranean region having usually violet-purple flowers) }
{ falls, perianth,@ (the petals or sepals of a flower that bend downward (especially the outer perianth of an iris)) }

{ Belamcanda, genus_Belamcanda, liliid_monocot_genus,@ family_Iridaceae,#m (a monocotyledonous genus of the family Iridaceae) }
{ blackberry-lily, leopard_lily, Belamcanda_chinensis, iridaceous_plant,@ genus_Belamcanda,#m (garden plant whose capsule discloses when ripe a mass of seeds resembling a blackberry) }

{ genus_Crocus, liliid_monocot_genus,@ family_Iridaceae,#m (a monocotyledonous genus of the family Iridaceae) }
{ crocus, iridaceous_plant,@ genus_Crocus,#m (any of numerous low-growing plants of the genus Crocus having slender grasslike leaves and white or yellow or purple flowers; native chiefly to the Mediterranean region but widely cultivated) }
{ saffron, saffron_crocus, Crocus_sativus, crocus,@ (Old World crocus having purple or white flowers with aromatic pungent orange stigmas used in flavoring food) }

{ genus_Freesia, liliid_monocot_genus,@ family_Iridaceae,#m (cormous perennial herbs; native to South Africa) }
{ freesia, iridaceous_plant,@ genus_Freesia,#m (any of several plants of the genus Freesia valued for their one-sided clusters of usually fragrant yellow or white or pink tubular flowers) }

{ genus_Gladiolus, liliid_monocot_genus,@ family_Iridaceae,#m (gladiolas) }
{ gladiolus, gladiola, glad, sword_lily2, iridaceous_plant,@ genus_Gladiolus,#m (any of numerous plants of the genus Gladiolus native chiefly to tropical and South Africa having sword-shaped leaves and one-sided spikes of brightly colored funnel-shaped flowers; widely cultivated) }

{ Ixia, genus_Ixia, liliid_monocot_genus,@ family_Iridaceae,#m (a monocotyledonous genus of the family Iridaceae) }
{ corn_lily, iridaceous_plant,@ genus_Ixia,#m (any of several South African plants of the genus Ixia having grasslike leaves and clusters of showy variously colored lily-like flowers; widely cultivated) }

{ Sisyrinchium, genus_Sisyrinchium, liliid_monocot_genus,@ family_Iridaceae,#m (chiefly North American grasslike herbs) }
{ blue-eyed_grass, iridaceous_plant,@ genus_Sisyrinchium,#m (plant with grasslike foliage and delicate blue flowers) }

{ Sparaxis, genus_Sparaxis, liliid_monocot_genus,@ family_Iridaceae,#m (deciduous perennial herbs of South Africa) }
{ wandflower2, Sparaxis_tricolor, flower,@ genus_Sparaxis,#m (a showy often-cultivated plant with tawny yellow often purple-spotted flowers) }

{ Amaryllidaceae, family_Amaryllidaceae, amaryllis_family, liliid_monocot_family,@ order_Liliales,#m (snowdrop; narcissus; daffodil; in some classification systems considered a subfamily of the Liliaceae) }
{ amaryllis, bulbous_plant,@ family_Amaryllidaceae,#m (bulbous plant having showy white to reddish flowers) }
{ genus_Amaryllis, liliid_monocot_genus,@ family_Amaryllidaceae,#m (type genus of the Amaryllidaceae; bulbous flowering plants of southern Africa) }
{ belladonna_lily, naked_lady1, Amaryllis_belladonna, amaryllis,@ genus_Amaryllis,#m (amaryllis of South Africa often cultivated for its fragrant white or rose flowers) }

{ Bomarea, genus_Bomarea, liliid_monocot_genus,@ family_Amaryllidaceae,#m (large genus of tropical American vines having showy often spotted umbellate flowers; sometimes placed in family Liliaceae especially subfamily Alstroemeriaceae) }
{ salsilla1, Bomarea_edulis, vine,@ genus_Bomarea,#m (tropical vine having pink-and-yellow flowers spotted purple and edible roots sometimes boiled as a potato substitute; West Indies to northern South America) }
{ salsilla2, Bomarea_salsilla, vine,@ genus_Bomarea,#m (tropical vine having umbels of small purple flowers and edible roots sometimes boiled as a potato substitute; Colombia) }

{ Haemanthus, genus_Haemanthus, liliid_monocot_genus,@ family_Amaryllidaceae,#m (genus of African deciduous or evergreen bulbous herbs: blood lilies) }
{ blood_lily, bulbous_plant,@ genus_Haemanthus,#m (any of various deciduous or evergreen herbs of the genus Haemanthus; South Africa and Namibia) }
{ Cape_tulip, Haemanthus_coccineus, blood_lily,@ genus_Haemanthus,#m (spectacular plant having large prostrate leaves barred in reddish-purple and flowers with a clump of long yellow stamens in a coral-red cup of fleshy bracts; South Africa) }

{ genus_Hippeastrum, liliid_monocot_genus,@ family_Amaryllidaceae,#m (bulbous flowering plants of tropical America) }
{ hippeastrum, Hippeastrum_puniceum, amaryllis,@ genus_Hippeastrum,#m (amaryllis of tropical America often cultivated as a houseplant for its showy white to red flowers) }

{ genus_Narcissus, liliid_monocot_genus,@ family_Amaryllidaceae,#m (Old World perennial bulbous herbs) }
{ narcissus, bulbous_plant,@ genus_Narcissus,#m (bulbous plant having erect linear leaves and showy yellow or white flowers either solitary or in clusters) }
{ daffodil, Narcissus_pseudonarcissus, narcissus,@ (any of numerous varieties of Narcissus plants having showy often yellow flowers with a trumpet-shaped central crown) }
{ jonquil, Narcissus_jonquilla, narcissus,@ (widely cultivated ornamental plant native to southern Europe but naturalized elsewhere having fragrant yellow or white clustered flowers) }
{ jonquil2, daffodil,@ (often used colloquially for any yellow daffodil) }
{ paper_white, Narcissus_papyraceus, daffodil,@ (a daffodil having star-shaped white blossoms; often grown indoors to bloom in the winter) }

{ Strekelia, genus_Strekelia, liliid_monocot_genus,@ family_Amaryllidaceae,#m (a monocotyledonous genus of the amaryllis family) }
{ Jacobean_lily, Aztec_lily, Strekelia_formosissima, amaryllis,@ genus_Strekelia,#m (Mexican bulbous herb cultivated for its handsome bright red solitary flower) }

{ Hypoxidaceae, family_Hypoxidaceae, liliid_monocot_family,@ order_Liliales,#m (in some classification systems included in the Amaryllidaceae) }
{ Hypoxis, genus_Hypoxis, liliid_monocot_genus,@ family_Hypoxidaceae,#m (small plants that resemble amaryllis and that grow from a corm and bear flowers on a leafless stalk; sometimes classified as member of the family Amaryllidaceae: star grass) }
{ star_grass, cormous_plant,@ genus_Hypoxis,#m (any plant of the genus Hypoxis having long grasslike leaves and yellow star-shaped flowers: Africa; Australia; southern Asia; North America) }
{ American_star_grass, Hypoxis_hirsuta, star_grass,@ (perennial star grass of North America) }

(==)
{ [ Liliaceae, adj.pert:liliaceous,+ ] family_Liliaceae, lily_family, liliid_monocot_family,@ order_Liliales,#m (includes species sometimes divided among the following families: Alliaceae; Aloeaceae; Alstroemeriaceae; Aphyllanthaceae; Asparagaceae; Asphodelaceae; Colchicaceae; Convallariaceae; Hemerocallidaceae; Hostaceae; Hyacinthaceae; Melanthiaceae; Ruscaceae; Smilacaceae; Tecophilaeacea; Xanthorrhoeaceae) }
{ liliaceous_plant, bulbous_plant,@ family_Liliaceae,#m (plant growing from a bulb or corm or rhizome or tuber) }
{ Lilium, genus_Lilium, liliid_monocot_genus,@ family_Liliaceae,#m (type genus of Liliaceae) }
{ lily, liliaceous_plant,@ genus_Lilium,#m (any liliaceous plant of the genus Lilium having showy pendulous flowers) }
{ mountain_lily1, Lilium_auratum, lily,@ genus_Lilium,#m (Japanese lily with golden rays) }
{ Canada_lily, wild_yellow_lily, meadow_lily, wild_meadow_lily, Lilium_canadense, lily,@ (common lily of the eastern United States having nodding yellow or reddish flowers spotted with brown) }
{ Madonna_lily, white_lily1, Annunciation_lily, Lent_lily, Lilium_candidum, lily,@ (lily of eastern Mediterranean and the Balkans with broad funnel-shaped white flowers) }
{ tiger_lily1, leopard_lily1, pine_lily, Lilium_catesbaei, lily,@ (lily of southeastern United States having cup-shaped flowers with deep yellow to scarlet recurved petals) }
{ Columbia_tiger_lily, Oregon_lily, Lilium_columbianum, lily,@ (lily of western North America with showy orange-red purple-spotted flowers) }
{ tiger_lily2, devil_lily, kentan, Lilium_lancifolium, lily,@ (east Asian perennial having large reddish-orange black-spotted flowers with reflexed petals) }
{ Easter_lily, Bermuda_lily, white_trumpet_lily, Lilium_longiflorum, lily,@ (tall lily have large white trumpet-shaped flowers that bloom in the spring) }
{ coast_lily, Lilium_maritinum, lily,@ (orange-flowered lily of Pacific coast of United States) }
{ Turk's-cap2, martagon, Lilium_martagon, lily,@ (lily with small dull purple flowers of northwestern Europe and northwestern Asia) }
{ Michigan_lily, Lilium_michiganense, lily,@ (lily of central North America having recurved orange-red flowers with deep crimson spots) }
{ leopard_lily2, panther_lily, Lilium_pardalinum, lily,@ (lily of western United States having orange-red to crimson maroon-spotted flowers) }
{ wood_lily1, Lilium_philadelphicum, lily,@ (lily of eastern North America having orange to orange-red purple-spotted flowers) }
{ Turk's-cap1, Turk's_cap-lily, Lilium_superbum, lily,@ (lily of the eastern United States with orange to red maroon-spotted flowers) }

{ genus_Agapanthus, liliid_monocot_genus,@ family_Liliaceae,#m (small genus of South African evergreen or deciduous plants; sometimes placed in the family or subfamily Alliaceae) }
{ agapanthus, lily_of_the_Nile, liliaceous_plant,@ genus_Agapanthus,#m (any of various plants of the genus Agapanthus having umbels of showy blue to purple flowers) }
{ African_lily, African_tulip, blue_African_lily, Agapanthus_africanus, agapanthus,@ genus_Agapanthus,#m (African plant with bright green evergreen leaves and umbels of many usually deep violet-blue flowers) }
{ genus_Albuca, liliid_monocot_genus,@ family_Liliaceae,#m (genus of bulbous plants of South Africa; sometimes placed in subfamily Hyacinthaceae) }
{ albuca, liliaceous_plant,@ genus_Albuca,#m (any of various plants of the genus Albuca having large clusters of pale yellow flowers; South Africa) }

{ Aletris, genus_Aletris, liliid_monocot_genus,@ family_Liliaceae,#m (small genus of bitter-rooted herbs of eastern North America and Asia; sometimes placed in family Melanthiaceae) }
{ colicroot, colic_root, crow_corn, star_grass3, unicorn_root, liliaceous_plant,@ genus_Aletris,#m (any of several perennials of the genus Aletris having grasslike leaves and bitter roots reputed to cure colic) }
{ ague_root, ague_grass, Aletris_farinosa, colicroot,@ genus_Aletris,#m (colicroot having a scurfy or granuliferous perianth and white flowers; southeastern United States) }
{ yellow_colicroot, Aletris_aurea, colicroot,@ genus_Aletris,#m (colicroot with yellow-bracted racemose flowers; smaller than Aletris farinosa; southeastern United States) }

{ Alliaceae, family_Alliaceae, liliid_monocot_family,@ family_Liliaceae,#m (one of many families or subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted; includes especially genus Allium) }
{ [ Allium, adj.pert:alliaceous,+ ] genus_Allium, liliid_monocot_genus,@ family_Liliaceae,#m (large genus of perennial and biennial pungent bulbous plants: garlic; leek; onion; chive; sometimes placed in family Alliaceae as the type genus) }
{ alliaceous_plant, liliaceous_plant,@ genus_Allium,#m (bulbous plants having a characteristic pungent onion odor) }
{ wild_onion, alliaceous_plant,@ genus_Allium,#m (any of various plants of the genus Allium with edible bulbs found growing wild) }
{ Hooker's_onion, Allium_acuminatum, wild_onion,@ genus_Allium,#m (a common North American wild onion with a strong onion odor and an umbel of pink flowers atop a leafless stalk; British Columbia to California and Arizona and east to Wyoming and Colorado) }
{ wild_leek1, Levant_garlic, kurrat, Allium_ampeloprasum, alliaceous_plant,@ (coarse Old World perennial having a large bulb and tall stalk of greenish purple-tinged flowers; widely naturalized) }
{ Canada_garlic, meadow_leek, rose_leek, Allium_canadense, alliaceous_plant,@ (North American bulbous plant) }
{ keeled_garlic, Allium_carinatum, alliaceous_plant,@ (Eurasian bulbous plant) }
{ onion, onion_plant, Allium_cepa, alliaceous_plant,@ (bulbous plant having hollow leaves cultivated worldwide for its rounded edible bulb) }
{ onion2, bulb,@ onion_plant,#p (the bulb of an onion plant) }
{ shallot, eschalot, multiplier_onion, Allium_cepa_aggregatum, Allium_ascalonicum, onion,@ (type of onion plant producing small clustered mild-flavored bulbs used as seasoning) }
{ shallot2, bulb,@ multiplier_onion,#p (aggregate bulb of the multiplier onion) }
{ tree_onion, Egyptian_onion, top_onion, Allium_cepa_viviparum, onion,@ (type of perennial onion grown chiefly as a curiosity or for early salad onions; having bulbils that replace the flowers) }
{ nodding_onion, nodding_wild_onion, lady's_leek, Allium_cernuum, wild_onion,@ (widely distributed North American wild onion with white to rose flowers) }
{ Welsh_onion, Japanese_leek, Allium_fistulosum, onion,@ (Asiatic onion with slender bulbs; used as early green onions) }
{ red-skinned_onion, Allium_haematochiton, onion,@ (onion with white to deep red tunic; California) }
{ leek, scallion2, Allium_porrum, alliaceous_plant,@ (plant having a large slender white bulb and flat overlapping dark green leaves; used in cooking; believed derived from the wild Allium ampeloprasum) }
{ daffodil_garlic, flowering_onion, Naples_garlic, Allium_neopolitanum, alliaceous_plant,@ (European onion with white flowers) }
{ few-flowered_leek, Allium_paradoxum, alliaceous_plant,@ (leek producing bulbils instead of flowers; Russia and Iran) }
{ [ garlic, adj.pert:garlicky,+ ] Allium_sativum, alliaceous_plant,@ (bulbous herb of southern Europe widely naturalized; bulb breaks up into separate strong-flavored cloves) }
{ sand_leek, giant_garlic, Spanish_garlic, rocambole, Allium_scorodoprasum, alliaceous_plant,@ (European leek cultivated and used like leeks) }
{ chives, chive, cive, schnittlaugh, Allium_schoenoprasum, alliaceous_plant,@ (perennial having hollow cylindrical leaves used for seasoning) }
{ ramp, wild_leek2, Allium_tricoccum, alliaceous_plant,@ (North American perennial having a slender bulb and whitish flowers) }
{ crow_garlic, false_garlic, field_garlic1, stag's_garlic, wild_garlic2, Allium_vineale, wild_onion,@ (pungent Old World wild onion) }
{ wild_garlic1, wood_garlic, Ramsons, Allium_ursinum, alliaceous_plant,@ (pungent Old World weedy plant) }
{ garlic_chive, Chinese_chive, Oriental_garlic, Allium_tuberosum, alliaceous_plant,@ (a plant of eastern Asia; larger than Allium schoenoprasum) }
{ round-headed_leek, Allium_sphaerocephalum, alliaceous_plant,@ (Old World leek with a spherical bulb) }
{ three-cornered_leek, triquetrous_leek, Allium_triquetrum, alliaceous_plant,@ (European leek naturalized in Great Britain; leaves are triangular) }

(==)
{ Aloeaceae, family_Aloeaceae, aloe_family, liliid_monocot_family,@ family_Liliaceae,#m (one of many families or subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted) }

{ genus_Aloe, liliid_monocot_genus,@ family_Liliaceae,#m (large genus of chiefly African liliaceous plants; in some systems placed in family Aloeaceae) }
{ aloe, succulent,@ genus_Aloe,#m (succulent plants having rosettes of leaves usually with fiber like hemp and spikes of showy flowers; found chiefly in Africa) }
{ cape_aloe, Aloe_ferox, aloe,@ (much-branched South African plant with reddish prickly succulent leaves) }
{ burn_plant, Aloe_vera, aloe,@ (very short-stemmed plant with thick leaves with soothing mucilaginous juice; leaves develop spiny margins with maturity; native to Mediterranean region; grown widely in tropics and as houseplants) }

{ genus_Kniphofia, liliid_monocot_genus,@ family_Liliaceae,#m (genus of showy clump-forming African herbs with grasslike leaves; sometimes placed in family Aloeaceae) }
{ kniphofia, tritoma, flame_flower2, flame-flower2, flameflower2, herb,@ genus_Kniphofia,#m (a plant of the genus Kniphofia having long grasslike leaves and tall scapes of red or yellow drooping flowers) }
{ poker_plant, Kniphofia_uvaria, kniphofia,@ (clump-forming plant of South Africa with spikes of scarlet flowers) }
{ red-hot_poker, Kniphofia_praecox, poker_plant,@ (widely cultivated hybrid poker plant) }

{ Alstroemeriaceae, family_Alstroemeriaceae, liliid_monocot_family,@ family_Liliaceae,#m (one of many families or subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted; sometimes included in subfamily Amaryllidaceae) }
{ genus_Alstroemeria, liliid_monocot_genus,@ family_Liliaceae,#m (genus of showy South American herbs with leafy stems; sometimes placed in family Alstroemeriaceae or in family Amaryllidaceae) }
{ alstroemeria, liliaceous_plant,@ genus_Alstroemeria,#m (any of various South American plants of the genus Alstroemeria valued for their handsome umbels of beautiful flowers) }
{ Peruvian_lily, lily_of_the_Incas, Alstroemeria_pelegrina, alstroemeria,@ genus_Alstroemeria,#m (an Andean herb having umbels of showy pinkish-purple lily-like flowers) }

{ Amianthum, genus_Amianthum, liliid_monocot_genus,@ family_Liliaceae,#m (one species: fly poison; sometimes placed in family Melanthiaceae) }
{ fly_poison, Amianthum_muscaetoxicum, Amianthum_muscitoxicum, liliaceous_plant,@ genus_Amianthum,#m (all parts of plant are highly toxic; bulb pounded and used as a fly poison; sometimes placed in subfamily Melanthiaceae) }

{ Anthericum, genus_Anthericum, liliid_monocot_genus,@ family_Liliaceae,#m (genus of Old World (mainly African) perennial herbs; sometimes placed in family Asphodelaceae) }
{ Saint-Bernard's-lily, Anthericum_liliago, liliaceous_plant,@ genus_Anthericum,#m (southern European plant commonly cultivated for its spikes of small starry greenish-white flowers) }
{ amber_lily, Anthericum_torreyi, liliaceous_plant,@ genus_Anthericum,#m (plant having basal grasslike leaves and a narrow open cluster of starlike yellowish-orange flowers atop a leafless stalk; southwestern United States; only species of Anthericum growing in North America) }

{ Aphyllanthaceae, family_Aphyllanthaceae, liliid_monocot_family,@ family_Liliaceae,#m (one of many families or subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted; includes genus Aphyllanthes) }
{ Aphyllanthes, genus_Aphyllanthes, liliid_monocot_genus,@ family_Liliaceae,#m (one species; small fibrous-rooted perennial with rushlike foliage and deep blue flowers; sometimes placed in its own family Aphyllanthaceae) }

{ Asparagaceae, family_Asparagaceae, liliid_monocot_family,@ family_Liliaceae,#m (one of many families or subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae: includes genera Asparagus and sometimes Ruscus) }
{ genus_Asparagus, liliid_monocot_genus,@ family_Liliaceae,#m (large genus of Old World perennial herbs with erect or spreading or climbing stems and small scalelike leaves and inconspicuous flowers; sometimes placed in family Asparagaceae) }
{ asparagus, edible_asparagus, Asparagus_officinales, herb,@ genus_Asparagus,#m (plant whose succulent young shoots are cooked and eaten as a vegetable) }
{ asparagus_fern, Asparagus_setaceous, Asparagus_plumosus, herb,@ genus_Asparagus,#m (a fernlike plant native to South Africa) }
{ smilax2, Asparagus_asparagoides, vine,@ genus_Asparagus,#m (fragile twining plant of South Africa with bright green flattened stems and glossy foliage popular as a floral decoration) }

{ Asphodelaceae, family_Asphodelaceae, liliid_monocot_family,@ family_Liliaceae,#m (one of many subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae) }
{ asphodel, liliaceous_plant,@ family_Liliaceae,#m (any of various chiefly Mediterranean plants of the genera Asphodeline and Asphodelus having linear leaves and racemes of white or pink or yellow flowers) }
{ Asphodeline, genus_Asphodeline, liliid_monocot_genus,@ family_Liliaceae,#m (genus of rhizomatous perennial or biennial herbs with numerous sometimes fragrant flowers in long cylindrical racemes; Mediterranean region to Caucasus; sometimes placed in family Asphodelaceae) }
{ Jacob's_rod, asphodel,@ genus_Asphodeline,#m (asphodel having erect smooth unbranched stem either flexuous or straight) }
{ king's_spear, yellow_asphodel, Asphodeline_lutea, asphodel,@ genus_Asphodeline,#m (asphodel with leafy stem and fragrant yellow flowers) }
{ Asphodelus, genus_Asphodelus, liliid_monocot_genus,@ family_Liliaceae,#m (small genus of tall striking annuals or perennials with grasslike foliage and flowers in dense racemes or panicles; Mediterranean to Himalayas; sometimes placed in family Asphodelaceae) }

{ genus_Aspidistra, liliid_monocot_genus,@ family_Liliaceae,#m (genus of eastern Asiatic herbs; sometimes placed in the family Convallariaceae) }
{ aspidistra, cast-iron_plant, bar-room_plant, Aspidistra_elatio, herb,@ genus_Aspidistra,#m (evergreen perennial with large handsome basal leaves; grown primarily as a foliage houseplant) }

{ Bessera, genus_Bessera, liliid_monocot_genus,@ family_Liliaceae,#m (small genus of cormous perennials of Mexico; sometimes placed in family Alliaceae) }
{ coral_drops, Bessera_elegans, flower,@ genus_Bessera,#m (half-hardy Mexican herb cultivated for its drooping terminal umbels of showy red-and-white flowers) }

{ Blandfordia, genus_Blandfordia, liliid_monocot_genus,@ family_Liliaceae,#m (small genus of tuberous Australian perennial herbs) }
{ Christmas_bells, flower,@ genus_Blandfordia,#m (any of several plants of the genus Blandfordia having large orange or crimson flowers) }

{ Bloomeria, genus_Bloomeria, liliid_monocot_genus,@ family_Liliaceae,#m (small genus of bulbous perennial herbs of southwestern United States and Mexico; sometimes placed in family Alliaceae) }
{ golden_star, golden_stars, Bloomeria_crocea, liliaceous_plant,@ genus_Bloomeria,#m (California plant having grasslike leaves and showy orange flowers) }

{ Bowiea, genus_Bowiea, liliid_monocot_genus,@ family_Liliaceae,#m (small genus of tropical African perennial bulbous herbs with deciduous twining stems; sometimes placed in family Hyacinthaceae) }
{ climbing_onion, Bowiea_volubilis, herb,@ genus_Bowiea,#m (much-branched leafless twining South African herb cultivated as an ornamental for its bright green stems growing from large aboveground bulbs) }

{ genus_Brodiaea, liliid_monocot_genus,@ family_Liliaceae,#m (genus of western United States bulbous plants with basal leaves and variously colored flowers; sometimes placed in family Alliaceae) }
{ brodiaea, liliaceous_plant,@ genus_Brodiaea,#m (any of several plants of the genus Brodiaea having basal grasslike leaves and globose flower heads on leafless stems resembling those of genus Allium) }
{ elegant_brodiaea, Brodiaea_elegans, brodiaea,@ genus_Brodiaea,#m (brodiaea having an umbel of violet or blue-violet flowers atop a leafless stalk; northern Oregon to southern California) }

{ Calochortus, genus_Calochortus, liliid_monocot_genus,@ family_Liliaceae,#m (large genus of western North American leafy-stemmed bulbous herbs) }
{ mariposa, mariposa_tulip, mariposa_lily, liliaceous_plant,@ genus_Calochortus,#m (any of several plants of the genus Calochortus having tulip-shaped flowers with 3 sepals and 3 petals; southwestern United States and Mexico) }
{ globe_lily, fairy_lantern, liliaceous_plant,@ genus_Calochortus,#m (any of several plants of the genus Calochortus having egg-shaped flowers) }
{ cat's-ear2, liliaceous_plant,@ genus_Calochortus,#m (any of several plants of the genus Calochortus having flowers with petals shaped like cat's ears) }
{ white_globe_lily, white_fairy_lantern, Calochortus_albus, globe_lily,@ genus_Calochortus,#m (globe lily having open branched clusters of egg-shaped white flowers; southern California) }
{ yellow_globe_lily, golden_fairy_lantern, Calochortus_amabilis, globe_lily,@ genus_Calochortus,#m (globe lily having open branched clusters of clear yellow egg-shaped flowers; northern California) }
{ rose_globe_lily, Calochortus_amoenus, globe_lily,@ genus_Calochortus,#m (globe lily with deep rose-pink or purple egg-shaped flowers on flexuous stems; western slopes of Sierra Nevada in San Joaquin Valley) }
{ star_tulip, elegant_cat's_ears, Calochortus_elegans, mariposa,@ genus_Calochortus,#m (small plant with slender bent stems bearing branched clusters of a few white star-shaped flowers with petals shaped like cat's ears; southeastern Washington and northeastern Oregon to Montana) }
{ desert_mariposa_tulip, Calochortus_kennedyi, mariposa,@ genus_Calochortus,#m (mariposa with clusters of bell-shaped vermilion or orange or yellow flowers atop short stems; southern California to Arizona and Mexico) }
{ yellow_mariposa_tulip, Calochortus_luteus, mariposa,@ genus_Calochortus,#m (mariposa having clusters of a few large deep yellow bell-shaped flowers atop slender stems; California coastal ranges) }
{ sagebrush_mariposa_tulip, Calochortus_macrocarpus, mariposa,@ genus_Calochortus,#m (mariposa having loose clusters of one to three handsome lilac flowers resembling umbels atop stout erect stems; arid northwestern North America east of Cascade Mountains from southern British Columbia to northern California) }
{ sego_lily, Calochortus_nuttallii, liliaceous_plant,@ (perennial plant having clusters of one to four showy white bell-shaped flowers atop erect unbranched stems; edible bulbs useful in times of scarcity; eastern Montana and western North Dakota south to northern Arizona and northwestern New Mexico) }

{ Camassia, genus_Camassia, Quamassia, genus_Quamassia, liliid_monocot_genus,@ family_liliaceae,#m (genus of scapose herbs of North and South America having large edible bulbs) }
{ camas, camass, quamash, camosh, camash, liliaceous_plant,@ genus_Camassia,#m (any of several plants of the genus Camassia; North and South America) }
{ common_camas, Camassia_quamash, camas,@ genus_Camassia,#m (plant having a large edible bulb and linear basal leaves and racemes of light to deep violet-blue star-shaped flowers on tall green scapes; western North America) }
{ Leichtlin's_camas, Camassia_leichtlinii, camas,@ genus_Camassia,#m (camas found to the west of Cascade Mountains) }
{ wild_hyacinth2, indigo_squill, Camassia_scilloides, camas,@ genus_Camassia,#m (eastern camas; eastern and central North America) }
(====)

{ Erythronium, genus_Erythronium, liliid_monocot_genus,@ family_Liliaceae,#m (perennial bulbous herbs most of northern United States: dogtooth violet; adder's tongue; trout lily; fawn lily) }
{ dogtooth_violet, dogtooth, dog's-tooth_violet, liliaceous_plant,@ genus_Erythronium,#m (perennial woodland spring-flowering plant; widely cultivated) }
{ white_dogtooth_violet, white_dog's-tooth_violet, blonde_lilian, Erythronium_albidum, dogtooth_violet,@ (North American dogtooth having solitary white flowers with yellow centers and blue or pink exteriors) }
{ yellow_adder's_tongue, trout_lily, amberbell, Erythronium_americanum, dogtooth_violet,@ (eastern North American dogtooth having solitary yellow flowers marked with brown or purple and spotted interiors) }
{ European_dogtooth, Erythronium_dens-canis, dogtooth_violet,@ (sturdy European dogtooth with rose to mauve flowers; cultivated in many varieties) }
{ fawn_lily, Erythronium_californicum, dogtooth_violet,@ (California dogtooth violet with creamy white flowers sometimes yellow-tinged) }
{ glacier_lily, snow_lily, Erythronium_grandiflorum, dogtooth_violet,@ (dogtooth violet of western North America having bright yellow flowers) }
{ avalanche_lily, Erythronium_montanum, liliaceous_plant,@ genus_Erythronium,#m (perennial herb having large white flowers marked with orange; found near the snow line in the northwestern United States) }

{ Fritillaria, genus_Fritillaria, liliid_monocot_genus,@ family_Liliaceae,#m (fritillary) }
{ fritillary, checkered_lily, bulbous_plant,@ genus_Fritillaria,#m (any liliaceous plant of the genus Fritillaria having nodding variously colored flowers) }
{ mission_bells1, rice-grain_fritillary, Fritillaria_affinis, Fritillaria_lanceolata, Fritillaria_mutica, fritillary,@ (herb of northwestern America having green-and-purple bell-shaped flowers) }
{ mission_bells2, black_fritillary, Fritillaria_biflora, fritillary,@ (herb of southwestern United States having dark purple bell-shaped flowers mottled with green) }
{ stink_bell, Fritillaria_agrestis, fritillary,@ (a malodorous California herb with bell-shaped flowers; a common weed in grainfields) }
{ crown_imperial, Fritillaria_imperialis, fritillary,@ (Eurasian herb with a cluster of leaves and orange-red bell-shaped flowers at the top of the stem) }
{ white_fritillary, Fritillaria_liliaceae, fritillary,@ (California herb with white conic or bell-shaped flowers usually tinged with green) }
{ snake's_head_fritillary, guinea-hen_flower, checkered_daffodil, leper_lily, Fritillaria_meleagris, fritillary,@ (Eurasian checkered lily with pendant flowers usually veined and checkered with purple or maroon on a pale ground and shaped like the bells carried by lepers in medieval times; widely grown as an ornamental) }
{ brown_bells, Fritillaria_micrantha, Fritillaria_parviflora, fritillary,@ (California herb with brownish-purple or greenish bell-shaped flowers) }
{ adobe_lily, pink_fritillary, Fritillaria_pluriflora, fritillary,@ (California herb with pinkish purple flowers) }
{ scarlet_fritillary, Fritillaria_recurva, fritillary,@ (western United States herb with scarlet and yellow narrow bell-shaped flowers) }

{ Tulipa, genus_Tulipa, liliid_monocot_genus,@ family_Liliaceae,#m (Eurasian perennial bulbous herbs) }
{ tulip, liliaceous_plant,@ genus_Tulipa,#m (any of numerous perennial bulbous herbs having linear or broadly lanceolate leaves and usually a single showy flower) }
{ dwarf_tulip, Tulipa_armena, Tulipa_suaveolens, tulip,@ (small early blooming tulip) }
{ lady_tulip, candlestick_tulip, Tulipa_clusiana, tulip,@ (Eurasian tulip with small flowers blotched at the base) }
{ Tulipa_gesneriana, tulip,@ (tall late blooming tulip) }
{ cottage_tulip, tulip,@ (any of several long-stemmed tulips that flower in May; have egg-shaped variously colored flowers) }
{ Darwin_tulip, tulip,@ (any of several very tall, late blooming tulips bearing large squarish flowers on sturdy stems) }

{ Colchicaceae, family_Colchicaceae, liliid_monocot_family,@ family_Liliaceae,#m (one of many subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted: genera Colchicum and Gloriosa) }
{ Colchicum, genus_Colchicum, liliid_monocot_genus,@ family_Liliaceae,#m (chiefly fall-blooming perennial cormous herbs; sometimes placed in family Colchicaceae) }
{ autumn_crocus, meadow_saffron, naked_lady2, Colchicum_autumnale, bulbous_plant,@ genus_Colchicum,#m (bulbous autumn-flowering herb with white, purple or lavender-and-white flowers; native to western and central Europe) }
{ genus_Gloriosa, liliid_monocot_genus,@ family_Liliaceae,#m (sometimes placed in family Colchicaceae; one species: glory lily) }
{ gloriosa, glory_lily, climbing_lily, creeping_lily, Gloriosa_superba, poisonous_plant,@ genus_Gloriosa,#m (any plant of the genus Gloriosa of tropical Africa and Asia; a perennial herb climbing by means of tendrils at leaf tips having showy yellow to red or purple flowers; all parts are poisonous) }

{ Hemerocallidaceae, family_Hemerocallidaceae, liliid_monocot_family,@ family_Liliaceae,#m (one of many subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted; includes genus Hemerocallis) }
{ Hemerocallis, genus_Hemerocallis, liliid_monocot_genus,@ family_Liliaceae,#m (east Asian rhizomatous clump-forming perennial herbs having flowers on long leafless stalks; cosmopolitan in cultivation: day lilies; sometimes placed in subfamily Hemerocallidaceae) }
{ day_lily, daylily, liliaceous_plant,@ genus_Hemerocallis,#m (any of numerous perennials having tuberous roots and long narrow bladelike leaves and usually yellow lily-like flowers that bloom for only a day) }
{ lemon_lily, Hemerocallis_lilio-asphodelus, Hemerocallis_flava, day_lily,@ genus_Hemerocallis,#m (a day lily with yellow flowers) }

{ Hostaceae, family_Hostaceae, Funkaceae, family_Funkaceae, liliid_monocot_family,@ family_Liliaceae,#m (one of many families or subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted; includes genus Hosta) }
{ Hosta, genus_Hosta, Funka, genus_Funka, liliid_monocot_genus,@ family_Liliaceae,#m (robust east Asian clump-forming perennial herbs having racemose flowers: plantain lilies; sometimes placed in family Hostaceae) }
{ plantain_lily, day_lily2, herbaceous_plant,@ genus_Hosta,#m (any of numerous perennials having mounds of sumptuous broad ribbed leaves and clusters of white, blue, or lilac flowers; used as ground cover) }

{ Hyacinthaceae, family_Hyacinthaceae, liliid_monocot_family,@ family_Liliaceae,#m (one of many families or subfamilies in which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted) }
{ genus_Hyacinthus, liliid_monocot_genus,@ family_Liliaceae,#m (sometimes placed in family Hyacinthaceae as the type genus) }
{ hyacinth, liliaceous_plant,@ genus_Hyacinthus,#m (any of numerous bulbous perennial herbs) }
{ common_hyacinth, Hyacinthus_orientalis, hyacinth,@ (widely grown for its fragrance and its white, pink, blue, or purplish flowers) }
{ Roman_hyacinth, Hyacinthus_orientalis_albulus, hyacinth,@ (hyacinth with loosely flowered spikes, several growing from one bulb) }
{ summer_hyacinth, cape_hyacinth, Hyacinthus_candicans, Galtonia_candicans, hyacinth,@ (southern African herb with white bell-shaped flowers) }
{ Hyacinthoides, genus_Hyacinthoides, liliid_monocot_genus,@ family_Liliaceae,#m (small genus of perennial bulbs of western Europe and North Africa; sometimes placed in family Hyacinthaceae) }
{ wild_hyacinth1, wood_hyacinth, bluebell2, harebell2, Hyacinthoides_nonscripta, Scilla_nonscripta, liliaceous_plant,@ genus_Hyacinthoides,#m (sometimes placed in genus Scilla) }
{ Ornithogalum, genus_Ornithogalum, liliid_monocot_genus,@ family_Liliaceae,#m (sometimes placed in family Hyacinthaceae) }
{ star-of-Bethlehem, bulbous_plant,@ genus_Ornithogalum,#m (any of several perennial plants of the genus Ornithogalum native to the Mediterranean and having star-shaped flowers) }
{ starflower, sleepy_dick, summer_snowflake, Ornithogalum_umbellatum, star-of-Bethlehem,@ (common Old World herb having grasslike leaves and clusters of star-shaped white flowers with green stripes; naturalized in the eastern United States) }
{ bath_asparagus, Prussian_asparagus, Ornithogalum_pyrenaicum, star-of-Bethlehem,@ (Old World star of Bethlehem having edible young shoots) }
{ chincherinchee, wonder_flower, Ornithogalum_thyrsoides, star-of-Bethlehem,@ (South African perennial with long-lasting spikes of white blossoms that are shipped in to Europe and America for use as winter cut flowers) }

{ Muscari, genus_Muscari, liliid_monocot_genus,@ family_Liliaceae,#m (sometimes placed in family Hyacinthaceae) }
{ grape_hyacinth, liliaceous_plant,@ genus_Muscari,#m (any of various early flowering spring hyacinths native to Eurasia having dense spikes of rounded blue flowers resembling bunches of small grapes) }
{ common_grape_hyacinth, Muscari_neglectum, grape_hyacinth,@ (prolific species having particularly beautiful dark blue flowers) }
{ tassel_hyacinth, Muscari_comosum, grape_hyacinth,@ (large beautiful Mediterranean species having sterile bluish-violet flowers with fringed corollas forming a tuft above the fertile flowers) }
{ genus_Scilla, liliid_monocot_genus,@ family_Liliaceae,#m (sometimes placed in subfamily Hyacinthaceae) }
{ scilla, squill, liliaceous_plant,@ genus_Scilla,#m (an Old World plant of the genus Scilla having narrow basal leaves and pink or blue or white racemose flowers) }
{ spring_squill, Scilla_verna, sea_onion1, scilla,@ (European scilla with small blue or purple flowers) }

{ Tofieldia, genus_Tofieldia, liliid_monocot_genus,@ family_Liliaceae,#m (genus of perennial herbs of cool temperate regions; sometimes placed in family Melanthiaceae) }
{ false_asphodel, liliaceous_plant,@ genus_Tofieldia,#m (a plant of the genus Tofieldia having linear chiefly basal leaves and small spicate flowers) }
{ Scotch_asphodel, Tofieldia_pusilla, false_asphodel,@ genus_Tofieldia,#m (false asphodel having spikes of white flowers; of mountainous regions of Europe) }

{ Urginea, genus_Urginea, liliid_monocot_genus,@ family_Liliaceae,#m (Mediterranean liliaceous plants; sometimes placed in family Hyacinthaceae) }
{ sea_squill, sea_onion2, squill2, Urginea_maritima, liliaceous_plant,@ genus_Urginea,#m (having dense spikes of small white flowers and yielding a bulb with medicinal properties) }
{ squill3, bulb,@ sea_squill,#p (bulb of the sea squill, which is sliced, dried, and used as an expectorant) }

{ Ruscus, genus_Ruscus, liliid_monocot_genus,@ family_Liliaceae,#m (a genus of European evergreen shrubs; sometimes placed in family Asparagaceae) }
{ butcher's_broom, Ruscus_aculeatus, shrub,@ genus_Ruscus,#m (shrub with stiff flattened stems resembling leaves (cladophylls); used for making brooms) }

{ Melanthiaceae, family_Melanthiaceae, liliid_monocot_family,@ family_Liliaceae,#m (one of many subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted: includes Aletris; Narthecium; Veratrum) }

{ Narthecium, genus_Narthecium, liliid_monocot_genus,@ family_Liliaceae,#m (bog asphodels; sometimes placed in family Melanthiaceae) }
{ bog_asphodel, liliaceous_plant,@ genus_Narthecium,#m (either of two herbaceous rushlike bog plants having small yellow flowers and grasslike leaves; north temperate regions) }
{ European_bog_asphodel, Narthecium_ossifragum, bog_asphodel,@ (of western Europe: Scandinavia to northern Spain and Portugal) }
{ American_bog_asphodel, Narthecium_americanum, bog_asphodel,@ (of the eastern United States: New Jersey to South Carolina) }

{ Veratrum, genus_Veratrum, liliid_monocot_genus,@ family_Liliaceae,#m (a genus of coarse poisonous perennial herbs; sometimes placed in subfamily Melanthiaceae) }
{ hellebore2, false_hellebore, liliaceous_plant,@ genus_Veratrum,#m (perennial herbs of the lily family having thick toxic rhizomes) }
{ white_hellebore, American_hellebore, Indian_poke1, bugbane2, Veratrum_viride, hellebore2,@ (North American plant having large leaves and yellowish green flowers growing in racemes; yields a toxic alkaloid used medicinally) }

{ Ruscaceae, family_Ruscaceae, liliid_monocot_family,@ family_Liliaceae,#m (one of many subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted) }
{ Tecophilaeacea, family_Tecophilaeacea, liliid_monocot_family,@ family_Liliaceae,#m (one of many subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted) }

{ Xerophyllum, genus_Xerophyllum, liliid_monocot_genus,@ family_Liliaceae,#m (small genus of North American herbs having grasslike basal leaves: squaw grass; sometimes placed in family Melanthiaceae) }
{ squaw_grass, bear_grass4, Xerophyllum_tenax, liliaceous_plant,@ genus_Xerophyllum,#m (plant of western North America having woody rhizomes and tufts of stiff grasslike basal leaves and spikes of creamy white flowers) }

{ Xanthorrhoeaceae, family_Xanthorrhoeaceae, grass_tree_family, liliid_monocot_family,@ family_Liliaceae,#m (one of many subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted) }
{ Xanthorroea, genus_Xanthorroea, liliid_monocot_genus,@ family_Liliaceae,#m (grass trees; sometimes placed in family Xanthorrhoeaceae) }
{ grass_tree1, Australian_grass_tree1, arborescent_plant,@ genus_Xanthorroea,#m (any of several Australian evergreen perennials having short thick woody stems crowned by a tuft of grasslike foliage and yielding acaroid resins) }

{ Zigadenus, genus_Zigadenus, liliid_monocot_genus,@ family_Liliaceae,#m (genus of mostly North American poisonous plants; sometimes placed in family Melanthiaceae) }
{ death_camas, zigadene, liliaceous_plant,@ genus_Zigadenus,#m (any of various plants of the genus Zigadenus having glaucous leaves and terminal racemes of mostly white flowers; all are poisonous) }
{ alkali_grass, Zigadenus_elegans, death_camas,@ genus_Zigadenus,#m (plant of western North America having grasslike leaves and greenish-white flowers) }
{ white_camas, Zigadenus_glaucus, death_camas,@ genus_Zigadenus,#m (plant of eastern and central North America having creamy white flowers tinged with brown or purple; poisonous especially to grazing animals) }
{ poison_camas, Zigadenus_nuttalli, death_camas,@ genus_Zigadenus,#m (a common perennial death camas; Tennessee to Kansas to Texas) }
{ grassy_death_camas, Zigadenus_venenosus, Zigadenus_venenosus_gramineus, death_camas,@ genus_Zigadenus,#m (plant of western North America to Mexico; poisonous especially to grazing animals) }

{ Trilliaceae, family_Trilliaceae, trillium_family, liliid_monocot_family,@ order_Liliales,#m (small family of herbs having flowers with 3 petals and 3 sepals; in some classification systems considered a subfamily of the Liliaceae) }
{ genus_Trillium, liliid_monocot_genus,@ family_Trilliaceae,#m (deciduous perennial herbs; sometimes placed in family Liliaceae) }
{ trillium, wood_lily2, wake-robin, liliaceous_plant,@ genus_Trillium,#m (any liliaceous plant of the genus Trillium having a whorl of three leaves at the top of the stem with a single three-petaled flower) }
{ prairie_wake-robin, prairie_trillium, Trillium_recurvatum, trillium,@ (trillium of central United States having dark purple sessile flowers) }
{ dwarf-white_trillium, snow_trillium, early_wake-robin, trillium,@ (a low perennial white-flowered trillium found in the southeastern United States) }
{ purple_trillium, red_trillium1, birthroot, Trillium_erectum, trillium,@ (trillium of eastern North America having malodorous pink to purple flowers and an astringent root used in folk medicine especially to ease childbirth) }
{ red_trillium2, toadshade, sessile_trillium, Trillium_sessile, trillium,@ (trillium of northeastern United States with sessile leaves and red or purple flowers having a pungent odor) }
{ Paris, genus_Paris, plant_genus,@ family_Liliaceae,#m (sometimes placed in subfamily Trilliaceae) }
{ herb_Paris, Paris_quadrifolia, herbaceous_plant,@ genus_Paris,#m (European herb with yellow-green flowers resembling and closely related to the trilliums; reputed to be poisonous) }

{ Smilacaceae, subfamily_Smilacaceae, liliid_monocot_family,@ family_Liliaceae,#m (one of many subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted) }
{ Smilax1, genus_Smilax, liliid_monocot_genus,@ family_Liliaceae,#m (sometimes placed in Smilacaceae) }
{ sarsaparilla, vine,@ genus_Smilax,#m (any of various prickly climbing plants of the tropical American genus Smilax having aromatic roots and heart-shaped leaves) }
{ sarsaparilla_root, root,@ sarsaparilla,#p noun.food:sarsaparilla,#s (dried root of any of various plants of the genus Smilax used as a flavoring agent) }
{ bullbrier, greenbrier, catbrier, horse_brier, horse-brier, brier2, [ briar2, adj.all:armed2^briary,+ ] Smilax_rotundifolia, vine,@ genus_Smilax,#m (a very prickly woody vine of the eastern United States growing in tangled masses having tough round stems with shiny leathery leaves and small greenish flowers followed by clusters of inedible shiny black berries) }
{ rough_bindweed, Smilax_aspera, sarsaparilla,@ (creeping or climbing evergreen having spiny zigzag stems with shiny leaves and racemes of pale-green flowers; Canary Islands to southern Europe and Ethiopia and India) }

{ Convallariaceae, family_Convallariaceae, liliid_monocot_family,@ family_Liliaceae,#m (one of many subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted) }
{ Convallaria, genus_Convallaria, liliid_monocot_genus,@ family_Liliaceae,#m (sometimes placed in family Convallariaceae: lily of the valley) }
{ lily_of_the_valley, May_lily, Convallaria_majalis, liliaceous_plant,@ genus_Convallaria,#m (low-growing perennial plant having usually two large oblong lanceolate leaves and a raceme of small fragrant nodding bell-shaped flowers followed by scarlet berries) }
{ genus_Clintonia, liliid_monocot_genus,@ family_Liliaceae,#m (sometimes placed in family Convallariaceae) }
{ clintonia, Clinton's_lily, liliaceous_plant,@ genus_Clintonia,#m (any temperate liliaceous plant of the genus Clintonia having broad basal leaves and white or yellowish or purplish flowers followed by blue or black berries) }
{ red_Clintonia, Andrew's_clintonia, Clintonia_andrewsiana, clintonia,@ genus_Clintonia,#m (plant with nearly leafless stalk topped by a cluster of red or reddish lavender flowers; California to Oregon) }
{ yellow_clintonia, heal_all1, Clintonia_borealis, clintonia,@ genus_Clintonia,#m (common woodland herb of temperate North America having yellow nodding flowers and small round blue fruits) }
{ queen's_cup, bride's_bonnet, Clintonia_uniflora, clintonia,@ genus_Clintonia,#m (plant with 1 or 2 white starlike flowers on short leafless stalks; Alaska to California and east to Oregon and Montana) }
{ Liriope, genus_Liriope, liliid_monocot_genus,@ family_Liliaceae,#m (sometimes placed in family Convallariaceae: lilyturf) }
{ lilyturf, lily_turf, Liriope_muscari, liliaceous_plant,@ genus_Liriope,#m (Asiatic perennial tufted herb with grasslike evergreen foliage and clusters of dark mauve grapelike flowers; grown as ground cover) }
{ Maianthemum, genus_Maianthemum, liliid_monocot_genus,@ family_Liliaceae,#m (sometimes placed in family Convallariaceae: false lily of the valley) }
{ false_lily_of_the_valley1, Maianthemum_canadense, liliaceous_plant,@ genus_Maianthemum,#m (small two-leaved herb of the northern United States and parts of Canada having racemes of small fragrant white flowers) }
{ false_lily_of_the_valley2, Maianthemum_bifolium, liliaceous_plant,@ genus_Maianthemum,#m (small white-flowered plant of western Europe to Japan) }
{ Polygonatum, genus_Polygonatum, liliid_monocot_genus,@ family_Liliaceae,#m (sometimes placed in subfamily Convallariaceae) }
{ Solomon's-seal, liliaceous_plant,@ genus_Polygonatum,#m (any of several plants of the genus Polygonatum having paired drooping yellowish-green flowers and a thick rootstock with scars shaped like Solomon's seal) }
{ great_Solomon's-seal, Polygonatum_biflorum, Polygonatum_commutatum, Solomon's-seal,@ (North American perennial herb with smooth foliage and drooping tubular greenish flowers) }

{ Uvulariaceae, subfamily_Uvulariaceae, liliid_monocot_family,@ family_Liliaceae,#m (one of many subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae) }
{ Uvularia, genus_Uvularia, liliid_monocot_genus,@ subfamily_Uvulariaceae,#m (genus of perennial rhizomatous herb of southern and southeastern United States) }
{ bellwort, merry_bells, wild_oats, flower,@ genus_Uvularia,#m (any of various plants of the genus Uvularia having yellowish drooping bell-shaped flowers) }
{ strawflower3, cornflower2, Uvularia_grandiflora, bellwort,@ genus_Uvularia,#m (plant of southern and southeastern United States grown for its yellow flowers that can be dried) }

(==)
{ Taccaceae, family_Taccaceae, liliid_monocot_family,@ order_Liliales,#m (small family of tropical herbs) }
{ Tacca, genus_Tacca, liliid_monocot_genus,@ family_Taccaceae,#m (genus of tropical plants with creeping rootstocks and small umbellate flowers) }
{ pia, Indian_arrowroot, Tacca_leontopetaloides, Tacca_pinnatifida, herb,@ genus_Tacca,#m (perennial herb of East Indies to Polynesia and Australia; cultivated for its large edible root yielding Otaheite arrowroot starch) }

(==incomplete)
{ Agavaceae, family_Agavaceae, agave_family, sisal_family, liliid_monocot_family,@ order_Liliales,#m (chiefly tropical and xerophytic plants: includes Dracenaceae (Dracaenaceae); comprises plants that in some classifications are divided between the Amaryllidaceae and the Liliaceae) }
{ agave, century_plant, American_aloe, desert_plant,@ family_Agavaceae,#m (tropical American plants with basal rosettes of fibrous sword-shaped leaves and flowers in tall spikes; some cultivated for ornament or for fiber) }
{ genus_Agave, liliid_monocot_genus,@ family_Agavaceae,#m (type genus of the Agavaceae; in some classifications considered a genus of Amaryllidaceae) }
{ American_agave, Agave_americana, agave,@ genus_Agave,#m (widely cultivated American monocarpic plant with greenish-white flowers on a tall stalk; blooms only after ten to twenty years and then dies) }
{ sisal, Agave_sisalana, agave,@ genus_Agave,#m (Mexican or West Indian plant with large fleshy leaves yielding a stiff fiber used in e.g. rope) }
{ maguey1, cantala1, Agave_cantala, agave,@ genus_Agave,#m (Philippine plant yielding a hard fibre used in making coarse twine) }
{ maguey2, Agave_atrovirens, agave,@ genus_Agave,#m (Mexican plant used especially for making pulque which is the source of the colorless Mexican liquor, mescal) }
{ Agave_tequilana, agave,@ genus_Agave,#m (Mexican plant used especially for making tequila) }
{ cantala2, Cebu_maguey, manila_maguey, noun.substance:fiber,@ (hard fiber used in making coarse twine; from Philippine agave plants) }

{ Cordyline, genus_Cordyline, liliid_monocot_genus,@ family_Agavaceae,#m (Asiatic and Pacific trees or shrubs; fragments of the trunk will regrow to form whole plants) }
{ ti, Cordyline_terminalis, shrub,@ genus_Cordyline,#m (shrub with terminal tufts of elongated leaves used locally for thatching and clothing; thick sweet roots are used as food; tropical southeastern Asia, Australia and Hawaii) }
{ cabbage_tree2, grass_tree3, Cordyline_australis, tree,@ genus_Cordyline,#m (elegant tree having either a single trunk or a branching trunk each with terminal clusters of long narrow leaves and large panicles of fragrant white, yellow or red flowers; New Zealand) }

{ Dracenaceae, subfamily_Dracenaceae, Dracaenaceae, subfamily_Dracaenaceae, liliid_monocot_family,@ family_Agavaceae,#m (one of two subfamilies to which some classification systems assign some members of the Agavaceae) }
{ genus_Dracaena, liliid_monocot_genus,@ family_Agavaceae,#m (Old World tropical plants with branches ending in tufts of sword-shaped leaves; in some classifications considered a genus of Liliaceae) }
{ dracaena, agave,@ genus_Dracaena,#m (an agave that is often cultivated for its decorative foliage) }
{ dragon_tree, Dracaena_draco, dracaena,@ (tall tree of the Canary Islands; source of dragon's blood) }

{ Nolina, genus_Nolina, liliid_monocot_genus,@ family_Agavaceae,#m (perennial plants resembling yucca; found in southern United States and Mexico) }
{ bear_grass1, Nolina_microcarpa, agave,@ genus_Nolina,#m (stemless plant with tufts of grasslike leaves and erect panicle of minute creamy white flowers; southwestern United States and Mexico) }

{ Polianthes, genus_Polianthes, liliid_monocot_genus,@ family_Agavaceae,#m (genus of perennial tuberous herbs having lily-like flowers; Mexico; sometimes placed in family Amaryllidaceae) }
{ tuberose, Polianthes_tuberosa, flower,@ genus_Polianthes,#m (a tuberous Mexican herb having grasslike leaves and cultivated for its spikes of highly fragrant lily-like waxy white flowers) }

{ genus_Sansevieria, liliid_monocot_genus,@ family_Agavaceae,#m (Old World tropical herbaceous perennial of the agave family; in some classifications considered a genus of Liliaceae) }
{ sansevieria, bowstring_hemp1, agave,@ genus_Sansevieria,#m (grown as a houseplant for its mottled fleshy sword-shaped leaves or as a source of fiber) }
{ African_bowstring_hemp, African_hemp2, Sansevieria_guineensis, bowstring_hemp1,@ (bowstring hemp of South Africa) }
{ Ceylon_bowstring_hemp, Sansevieria_zeylanica, bowstring_hemp1,@ (plant having thick fibrous leaves transversely banded in light and dark green) }
{ mother-in-law's_tongue1, snake_plant, Sansevieria_trifasciata, sansevieria,@ (stemless plant having narrow rigid leaves often cultivated as a houseplant) }
{ bowstring_hemp2, noun.substance:natural_fiber,@ sansevieria,#s (strong fiber that resembles hemp; obtained from sansevieria and used for e.g. cordage) }

{ genus_Yucca, liliid_monocot_genus,@ family_Agavaceae,#m (tropical American plants with stiff lancelike leaves and spikes of white blossoms; sometimes considered a genus of Amaryllidaceae) }
{ yucca, shrub,@ genus_Yucca,#m (any of several evergreen plants of the genus Yucca having usually tall stout stems and a terminal cluster of white flowers; warmer regions of North America) }
{ Spanish_bayonet1, Yucca_aloifolia, yucca,@ (a stiff yucca with a short trunk; found in the southern United States and tropical America; has rigid spine-tipped leaves and clusters of white flowers) }
{ Spanish_bayonet2, Yucca_baccata, yucca,@ (tall yucca of the southwestern United States and Mexico having a woody stem and stiff swordlike pointed leaves and a large cluster of white flowers) }
{ Joshua_tree, Yucca_brevifolia, yucca,@ (a large branched arborescent yucca of southwestern United States having short leaves and clustered greenish white flowers) }
{ Spanish_dagger1, Yucca_carnerosana, yucca,@ (arborescent yucca of southwestern United States and northern Mexico with sword-shaped leaves and white flowers) }
{ soapweed, soap-weed, soap_tree, Yucca_elata, yucca,@ (tall arborescent yucca of southwestern United States) }
{ Adam's_needle, Adam's_needle-and-thread, spoonleaf_yucca, needle_palm, Yucca_filamentosa, yucca,@ (yucca with long stiff leaves having filamentlike appendages) }
{ bear_grass2, Yucca_glauca, yucca,@ (yucca of west central United States having a clump of basal grasslike leaves and a central stalk with a terminal raceme of small whitish flowers) }
{ Spanish_dagger2, Yucca_gloriosa, yucca,@ (yucca of southeastern United States similar to the Spanish bayonets but with shorter trunk and smoother leaves) }
{ bear_grass3, Yucca_smalliana, yucca,@ (yucca of southern United States having a clump of basal grasslike leaves and a central stalk with a terminal raceme of small whitish flowers) }
{ Our_Lord's_candle, Yucca_whipplei, yucca,@ (yucca of southwestern United States and Mexico with a tall spike of creamy white flowers) }

{ Menyanthaceae, family_Menyanthaceae, buckbean_family, dicot_family,@ order_Gentianales,#m (a dicotyledonous family of marsh plants of order Gentianales) }
{ Menyanthes, genus_Menyanthes, dicot_genus,@ family_Menyanthaceae,#m (the type genus of the Menyanthaceae; one species: bogbeans) }
{ water_shamrock, buckbean, bogbean, bog_myrtle, marsh_trefoil, Menyanthes_trifoliata, aquatic_plant,@ genus_Menyanthes,#m (perennial plant of Europe and America having racemes of white or purplish flowers and intensely bitter trifoliate leaves; often rooting at water margin and spreading across the surface) }

(==)
{ Loganiaceae, family_Loganiaceae, dicot_family,@ order_Gentianales,#m (a dicotyledonous family of plants of order Gentianales) }
{ Logania, genus_Logania, dicot_genus,@ family_Loganiaceae,#m (type genus of the Loganiaceae; Australian and New Zealand shrubs sometimes cultivated for their flowers) }
(==)
{ genus_Buddleia, dicot_genus,@ family_Loganiaceae,#m (shrubs or trees of warm regions) }
{ butterfly_bush, buddleia, shrub,@ genus_Buddleia,#m (tropical shrub having clusters of white or violet or yellow flowers) }
{ Gelsemium, genus_Gelsemium, dicot_genus,@ family_Loganiaceae,#m (evergreen twining shrubs of Americas and southeastern Asia) }
{ yellow_jasmine, yellow_jessamine, Carolina_jasmine, evening_trumpet_flower, Gelsemium_sempervirens, vine,@ genus_Gelsemium,#m (poisonous woody evergreen vine of southeastern United States having fragrant yellow funnel-shaped flowers) }

(==)
{ Linaceae, family_Linaceae, flax_family, dicot_family,@ (a widely distributed family of plants) }
{ Linum, genus_Linum, plant_genus,@ family_Linaceae,#m (a herbaceous plant genus of the family Linaceae with small sessile leaves) }
{ flax, herbaceous_plant,@ genus_Linum,#m (plant of the genus Linum that is cultivated for its seeds and for the fibers of its stem) }

{ Physostigma, genus_Physostigma, plant_genus,@ family_Leguminosae,#m (African woody vines: calabar beans) }
{ calabar-bean_vine, Physostigma_venenosum, vine,@ genus_Physostigma,#m (tropical African woody vine yielding calabar beans) }
{ calabar_bean, ordeal_bean, bean2,@ calabar-bean_vine,#p (dark brown highly poisonous seed of the calabar-bean vine; source of physostigmine and used in native witchcraft) }
{ physostigmine, noun.substance:alkaloid,@ noun.artifact:medicine,#s (used in treatment of Alzheimer's disease and glaucoma) }

(==rosid)
{ Caesalpiniaceae, family_Caesalpiniaceae, rosid_dicot_family,@ family_Leguminosae,#m (spiny trees, shrubs, or perennial herbs, including the genera Caesalpinia, Cassia, Ceratonia, Bauhinia; commonly included in the family Leguminosae) }
{ Caesalpinioideae, subfamily_Caesalpinioideae, rosid_dicot_family,@ family_Leguminosae,#m (alternative name in some classification systems for the family Caesalpiniaceae) }

{ Caesalpinia, genus_Caesalpinia, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Caesalpinioideae,#m (small spiny tropical trees or shrubs; includes the small genus or subgenus Poinciana) }
{ bonduc1, bonduc_tree, Caesalpinia_bonduc, Caesalpinia_bonducella, tree,@ genus_Caesalpinia,#m (tropical tree with large prickly pods of seeds that resemble beans and are used for jewelry and rosaries) }
{ divi-divi1, Caesalpinia_coriaria, tree,@ genus_Caesalpinia,#m (small thornless tree or shrub of tropical America whose seed pods are a source of tannin) }
{ divi-divi2, bean2,@ divi-divi1,#p (twisted seed pods of the divi-divi tree; source of tannin) }
{ Mysore_thorn, Caesalpinia_decapetala, Caesalpinia_sepiaria, shrub,@ genus_Caesalpinia,#m (spreading thorny shrub of tropical Asia bearing large erect racemes of red-marked yellow flowers) }
{ brazilwood, peachwood, peach-wood, pernambuco_wood, Caesalpinia_echinata, tree,@ genus_Caesalpinia,#m (tropical tree with prickly trunk; its heavy red wood yields a red dye and is used for cabinetry) }
{ brazilwood2, noun.substance:wood,@ brazilwood,#s (heavy wood of various brazilwood trees; used for violin bows and as dyewoods) }
{ brazilian_ironwood, Caesalpinia_ferrea, tree,@ genus_Caesalpinia,#m (thornless tree yielding heavy wood) }
{ bird_of_paradise2, poinciana2, Caesalpinia_gilliesii, Poinciana_gilliesii, flowering_shrub,@ genus_Caesalpinia,#m (a tropical flowering shrub having bright orange or red flowers; sometimes placed in genus Poinciana) }
{ pride_of_barbados, paradise_flower, flamboyant_tree, Caesalpinia_pulcherrima, Poinciana_pulcherrima, flowering_shrub,@ genus_Caesalpinia,#m (tropical shrub or small tree having showy yellow to orange-red flowers; sometimes placed in genus Poinciana) }

{ Acrocarpus, genus_Acrocarpus, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Caesalpinioideae,#m (small genus of trees of Indonesia and Malaysia) }
{ shingle_tree, Acrocarpus_fraxinifolius, tree,@ genus_Acrocarpus,#m (East Indian timber tree with hard durable wood used especially for tea boxes) }

{ Bauhinia, genus_Bauhinia, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Caesalpinioideae,#m (mountain ebony, orchid tree) }
{ butterfly_flower2, Bauhinia_monandra, shrub,@ genus_Bauhinia,#m (shrub or small tree of Dutch Guiana having clusters of pink flowers streaked with purple) }
{ mountain_ebony, orchid_tree, Bauhinia_variegata, angiospermous_tree,@ genus_Bauhinia,#m (small East Indian tree having orchid-like flowers and hard dark wood) }

{ Brachystegia, genus_Brachystegia, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Caesalpinioideae,#m (small genus of tropical African timber trees having pale golden heartwood uniformly striped with dark brown or black:) }
{ msasa, Brachystegia_speciformis, tree,@ genus_Brachystegia,#m (small shrubby African tree having compound leaves and racemes of small fragrant green flowers) }

{ genus_Cassia, Cassia, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Caesalpinioideae,#m (some genus Cassia species often classified as members of the genus Senna or genus Chamaecrista) }
{ cassia1, tree,@ genus_Cassia,#m (any of various trees or shrubs of the genus Cassia having pinnately compound leaves and usually yellow flowers followed by long seedpods) }
{ golden_shower_tree, drumstick_tree, purging_cassia, pudding_pipe_tree, canafistola, canafistula, Cassia_fistula, cassia1,@ (deciduous or semi-evergreen tree having scented sepia to yellow flowers in drooping racemes and pods whose pulp is used medicinally; tropical Asia and Central and South America and Australia) }
{ pink_shower, pink_shower_tree, horse_cassia1, Cassia_grandis, cassia1,@ (tropical American semi-evergreen tree having erect racemes of pink or rose-colored flowers; used as an ornamental) }
{ rainbow_shower, Cassia_javonica, cassia1,@ (deciduous ornamental hybrid of southeastern Asia and Hawaii having racemes of flowers ranging in color from cream-colored to orange and red) }
{ horse_cassia2, Cassia_roxburghii, Cassia_marginata, cassia1,@ (East Indian tree having long pods containing a black cathartic pulp used as a horse medicine) }

{ Ceratonia, genus_Ceratonia, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Caesalpinioideae,#m (carobs) }
{ carob, carob_tree, carob_bean_tree, algarroba, Ceratonia_siliqua, bean_tree,@ genus_Ceratonia,#m (evergreen Mediterranean tree with edible pods; the biblical carob) }
{ carob2, carob_bean, algarroba_bean, algarroba2, locust_bean, locust_pod, bean2,@ carob_tree,#p noun.food:carob_powder,#s (long pod containing small beans and sweetish edible pulp; used as animal feed and source of a chocolate substitute) }

{ Cercidium, genus_Cercidium, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Caesalpinioideae,#m (spiny shrubs or small trees sometimes placed in genus Parkinsonia: paloverde) }
{ paloverde, shrub,@ (a thorny shrub of the genus Cercidium that grows in dry parts of the southwestern United States and adjacent Mexico; has smooth light green bark and racemes of yellow flowers and small leaves) }

{ Chamaecrista, genus_Chamaecrista, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Caesalpinioideae,#m (genus of tropical herbs or subshrubs having sensitive leaves and suddenly dehiscing pods; some species placed in genus Cassia) }
{ partridge_pea, sensitive_pea, wild_sensitive_plant, Chamaecrista_fasciculata, Cassia_fasciculata, subshrub,@ genus_Chamaecrista,#m (tropical American plant having leaflets somewhat sensitive to the touch; sometimes placed in genus Cassia) }

{ Delonix, genus_Delonix, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Caesalpinioideae,#m (evergreen or deciduous trees of tropical Africa and India) }
{ royal_poinciana, [ flamboyant, adj.all:fancy^flamboyant,+ ] flame_tree4, peacock_flower, Delonix_regia, Poinciana_regia, flowering_tree,@ genus_Delonix,#m (showy tropical tree or shrub native to Madagascar; widely planted in tropical regions for its immense racemes of scarlet and orange flowers; sometimes placed in genus Poinciana) }

{ locust_tree, locust, tree,@ family_Leguminosae,#m (any of various hardwood trees of the family Leguminosae) }
{ locust2, noun.substance:wood,@ locust_tree,#s (hardwood from any of various locust trees) }

{ Gleditsia, genus_Gleditsia, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Caesalpinioideae,#m (deciduous trees: honey locusts) }
{ water_locust, swamp_locust, Gleditsia_aquatica, locust_tree,@ genus_Gleditsia,#m (honey locust of swamps and bottomlands of southern United States having short oval pods; yields dark heavy wood) }
{ honey_locust, Gleditsia_triacanthos, locust_tree,@ genus_Gleditsia,#m (tall usually spiny North American tree having small greenish-white flowers in drooping racemes followed by long twisting seed pods; yields very hard durable reddish-brown wood; introduced to temperate Old World) }

{ Gymnocladus, genus_Gymnocladus, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Caesalpinioideae,#m (small genus of deciduous trees of China and United States having paniculate flowers and thick pulpy pods) }
{ Kentucky_coffee_tree, bonduc2, chicot, Gymnocladus_dioica, tree,@ genus_Gymnocladus,#m (handsome tree of central and eastern North America having large bipinnate leaves and green-white flowers followed by large woody brown pods whose seeds are used as a coffee substitute) }

{ Haematoxylum, genus_Haematoxylum, Haematoxylon, genus_Haematoxylon, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Caesalpinioideae,#m (small genus of tropical American spiny bushy shrubs or trees) }
{ logwood, logwood_tree, campeachy, bloodwood_tree1, Haematoxylum_campechianum, blackwood_tree,@ genus_Haematoxylum,#m (spiny shrub or small tree of Central America and West Indies having bipinnate leaves and racemes of small bright yellow flowers and yielding a hard brown or brownish-red heartwood used in preparing a black dye) }
{ logwood2, noun.substance:wood,@ logwood_tree,#s (very hard brown to brownish-red heartwood of a logwood tree; used in preparing a purplish red dye) }

{ Parkinsonia, genus_Parkinsonia, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Caesalpinioideae,#m (small genus of spiny shrubs or small trees) }
{ Jerusalem_thorn1, horsebean, Parkinsonia_aculeata, shrub,@ genus_Parkinsonia,#m (large shrub or shrubby tree having sharp spines and pinnate leaves with small deciduous leaflets and sweet-scented racemose yellow-orange flowers; grown as ornamentals or hedging or emergency food for livestock; tropical America but naturalized in southern United States) }
{ palo_verde, Parkinsonia_florida, Cercidium_floridum, tree,@ genus_Parkinsonia,#m (densely branched spiny tree of southwestern United States having showy yellow flowers and blue-green bark; sometimes placed in genus Cercidium) }

{ Petteria, genus_Petteria, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Caesalpinioideae,#m (one species: Dalmatian laburnum) }
{ Dalmatian_laburnum, Petteria_ramentacea, Cytisus_ramentaceus, shrub,@ genus_Petteria,#m (erect shrub having large trifoliate leaves and dense clusters of yellow flowers followed by poisonous seeds; Yugoslavia; sometimes placed in genus Cytisus) }

{ Poinciana, subgenus_Poinciana, rosid_dicot_genus,@ genus_Caesalpinia,#m (small subgenus of ornamental tropical shrubs or trees; not recognized in some classifications) }

{ genus_Senna, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Caesalpinioideae,#m (genus of shrubs and trees and herbs many of which are often classified as members of the genus Cassia) }
{ senna, shrub,@ genus_Senna,#m (any of various plants of the genus Senna having pinnately compound leaves and showy usually yellow flowers; many are used medicinally) }
{ ringworm_bush, ringworm_shrub, ringworm_cassia, Senna_alata, Cassia_alata, senna,@ noun.location:US,;r (tropical shrub (especially of Americas) having yellow flowers and large leaves whose juice is used as a cure for ringworm and poisonous bites; sometimes placed in genus Cassia) }
{ avaram, tanner's_cassia, Senna_auriculata, Cassia_auriculata, senna,@ (evergreen Indian shrub with vivid yellow flowers whose bark is used in tanning; sometimes placed in genus Cassia) }
{ Alexandria_senna, Alexandrian_senna, true_senna, tinnevelly_senna, Indian_senna, Senna_alexandrina, Cassia_acutifolia, Cassia_augustifolia, senna,@ (erect shrub having racemes of tawny yellow flowers; the dried leaves are used medicinally as a cathartic; sometimes placed in genus Cassia) }
{ wild_senna, Senna_marilandica, Cassia_marilandica, herb,@ genus_Senna,#m (North American perennial herb; leaves are used medicinally; sometimes placed in genus Cassia) }
{ sicklepod2, Senna_obtusifolia, Cassia_tora, subshrub,@ genus_Senna,#m (cosmopolitan tropical herb or subshrub with yellow flowers and slender curved pods; a weed; sometimes placed in genus Cassia) }
{ coffee_senna, mogdad_coffee, styptic_weed, stinking_weed, Senna_occidentalis, Cassia_occidentalis, senna,@ (very leafy malodorous tropical weedy shrub whose seeds have been used as an adulterant for coffee; sometimes classified in genus Cassia) }

{ Tamarindus, genus_Tamarindus, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Leguminosae,#m (widely cultivated tropical trees originally of Africa) }
{ tamarind, tamarind_tree, tamarindo, Tamarindus_indica, bean_tree,@ genus_Tamarindus,#m (long-lived tropical evergreen tree with a spreading crown and feathery evergreen foliage and fragrant flowers yielding hard yellowish wood and long pods with edible chocolate-colored acidic pulp) }

{ Papilionaceae, family_Papilionacea, rosid_dicot_family,@ family_Leguminosae,#m (leguminous plants whose flowers have butterfly-shaped corollas; commonly included in the family Leguminosae) }
{ Papilionoideae, subfamily_Papilionoideae, rosid_dicot_family,@ family_Leguminosae,#m (alternative name used in some classification systems for the family Papilionaceae) }

{ genus_Amorpha, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (American herbs or shrubs usually growing in dry sunny habitats on prairies and hillsides) }
{ amorpha, shrub,@ genus_Amorpha,#m (any plant of the genus Amorpha having odd-pinnate leaves and purplish spicate flowers) }
{ leadplant, lead_plant, Amorpha_canescens, amorpha,@ (shrub of sandy woodlands and stream banks of western United States having hoary pinnate flowers and dull-colored racemose flowers; thought to indicate the presence of lead ore) }
{ false_indigo1, bastard_indigo1, Amorpha_californica, amorpha,@ (an erect to spreading hairy shrub of the Pacific coast of the United States having racemes of red to indigo flowers) }
{ false_indigo2, bastard_indigo2, Amorpha_fruticosa, amorpha,@ (dense shrub of moist riverbanks and flood plains of the eastern United States having attractive fragrant foliage and dense racemes of dark purple flowers) }

{ Amphicarpaea, genus_Amphicarpaea, Amphicarpa, genus_Amphicarpa, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (very small genus of twining vines of North America and Asia: hog peanut) }
{ hog_peanut, wild_peanut, Amphicarpaea_bracteata, Amphicarpa_bracteata, vine,@ genus_Amphicarpaea,#m (vine widely distributed in eastern North America producing racemes of purple to maroon flowers and abundant (usually subterranean) edible one-seeded pods resembling peanuts) }

{ Anagyris, genus_Anagyris, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (very small genus of shrubs of southern Europe having backward curving seed pods) }
{ bean_trefoil, stinking_bean_trefoil, Anagyris_foetida, shrub,@ genus_Anagyris,#m (shrub with trifoliate leaves and yellow flowers followed by backward curving seed pods; leaves foetid when crushed) }

{ Andira, genus_Andira, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (small genus of evergreen trees of tropical America and western Africa) }
{ angelim, andelmin, tree,@ genus_Andira,#m (any of several tropical American trees of the genus Andira) }
{ cabbage_bark, cabbage-bark_tree, cabbage_tree3, Andira_inermis, angelim,@ genus_Andira,#m (tree with shaggy unpleasant-smelling toxic bark and yielding strong durable wood; bark and seeds used as a purgative and vermifuge and narcotic) }

{ Anthyllis, genus_Anthyllis, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (genus of Mediterranean herbs and shrubs) }
{ Jupiter's_beard, silverbush2, silver-bush2, Anthyllis_barba-jovis, shrub,@ genus_Anthyllis,#m (silvery hairy European shrub with evergreen foliage and pale yellow flowers) }
{ kidney_vetch, Anthyllis_vulneraria, herb,@ genus_Anthyllis,#m (perennial Eurasian herb having heads of red or yellow flowers and common in meadows and pastures; formerly used medicinally for kidney disorders) }

{ Apios, genus_Apios, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (twining perennial North American plants) }
{ groundnut, groundnut_vine, Indian_potato2, potato_bean, wild_bean, Apios_americana, Apios_tuberosa, vine,@ genus_Apios,#m (a North American vine with fragrant blossoms and edible tubers; important food crop of Native Americans) }

{ Aspalathus, genus_Aspalathus, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (genus of South African heathlike shrubs) }
{ rooibos, Aspalathus_linearis, Aspalathus_cedcarbergensis, shrub,@ genus_Aspalathus,#m (South African shrub having flat acuminate leaves and yellow flowers; leaves are aromatic when dried and used to make an herbal tea) }

{ Astragalus, genus_Astragalus, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (large genus of annual or perennial herbs or shrubs of north temperate regions; largest genus in the family Leguminosae) }
{ milk_vetch, milk-vetch, woody_plant,@ genus_Astragalus,#m (any of various plants of the genus Astragalus) }
{ wild_licorice2, wild_liquorice2, Astragalus_glycyphyllos, milk_vetch,@ (European perennial) }
{ alpine_milk_vetch, Astragalus_alpinus, milk_vetch,@ (perennial of mountainous areas of Eurasia and North America) }
{ purple_milk_vetch, Astragalus_danicus, milk_vetch,@ (perennial of southern and western Europe having dense racemes of purple or violet flowers) }

{ Baphia, genus_Baphia, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (small genus of shrubs and lianas and trees of Africa and Madagascar) }
{ camwood, African_sandalwood, Baphia_nitida, tree,@ genus_Baphia,#m (small shrubby African tree with hard wood used as a dyewood yielding a red dye) }

{ Baptisia, genus_Baptisia, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (genus of North American plants with showy flowers and an inflated pod) }
{ wild_indigo, false_indigo3, woody_plant,@ genus_Baptisia,#m (any of several plants of the genus Baptisia) }
{ blue_false_indigo, Baptisia_australis, wild_indigo,@ (wild indigo of the eastern United States having racemes of blue flowers) }
{ white_false_indigo, Baptisia_lactea, wild_indigo,@ (erect or spreading herb having racemes of creamy white flowers; the eastern United States) }
{ indigo_broom, horsefly_weed, rattle_weed, Baptisia_tinctoria, wild_indigo,@ (much-branched erect herb with bright yellow flowers; distributed from Massachusetts to Florida) }

{ Butea, genus_Butea, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (genus of East Indian trees or shrubs: dhak) }
{ dhak, dak, palas, Butea_frondosa, Butea_monosperma, tree,@ genus_Butea,#m (East Indian tree bearing a profusion of intense vermilion velvet-textured blooms and yielding a yellow dye) }

{ Cajanus, genus_Cajanus, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (erect densely branched shrubby perennials of Old World tropics; naturalized in other warm regions) }
{ pigeon_pea, pigeon-pea_plant, cajan_pea, catjang_pea, red_gram, dhal, dahl, Cajanus_cajan, shrub,@ genus_Cajanus,#m (tropical woody herb with showy yellow flowers and flat pods; much cultivated in the tropics) }

{ Canavalia, genus_Canavalia, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (herbs or woody vines of mainly American tropics and subtropics) }
{ jack_bean, wonder_bean, giant_stock_bean, Canavalia_ensiformis, vine,@ genus_Canavalia,#m (annual semi-erect bushy plant of tropical South America bearing long pods with white seeds grown especially for forage) }
{ sword_bean, Canavalia_gladiata, vine,@ genus_Canavalia,#m (twining tropical Old World plant bearing long pods usually with red or brown beans; long cultivated in Orient for food) }

{ genus_Caragana, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (large genus of Asiatic deciduous shrubs or small trees) }
{ pea_tree, caragana, shrub,@ genus_Caragana,#m (any plant of the genus Caragana having even-pinnate leaves and mostly yellow flowers followed by seeds in a linear pod) }
{ Siberian_pea_tree, Caragana_arborescens, pea_tree,@ (large spiny shrub of eastern Asia having clusters of yellow flowers; often cultivated in shelterbelts and hedges) }
{ Chinese_pea_tree, Caragana_sinica, pea_tree,@ (shrub with dark-green glossy foliage and solitary pale yellow flowers; northern China) }

(==)
{ Castanospermum, genus_Castanospermum, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (a rosid dicot genus of the subfamily Papilionoideae having one species: Moreton Bay chestnut) }
{ Moreton_Bay_chestnut, Australian_chestnut, bean_tree,@ genus_Castanospermum,#m (Australian tree having pinnate leaves and orange-yellow flowers followed by large woody pods containing 3 or 4 seeds that resemble chestnuts; yields dark strong wood) }

{ Centrosema, genus_Centrosema, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (a genus of chiefly tropical American vines of the family Leguminosae having trifoliate leaves and large flowers) }
{ butterfly_pea3, Centrosema_virginianum, vine,@ genus_Centrosema,#m (large-flowered weakly twining or prostrate vine of New Jersey to tropical eastern North America, sometimes cultivated for its purple and white flowers) }

{ Cercis, genus_Cercis, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (deciduous shrubs and trees of eastern Asia, southern Europe and the United States) }
{ Judas_tree, love_tree, Circis_siliquastrum, flowering_tree,@ genus_Cercis,#m (small tree of the eastern Mediterranean having abundant purplish-red flowers growing on old wood directly from stems and appearing before the leaves: widely cultivated in mild regions; wood valuable for veneers) }
{ redbud, Cercis_canadensis, flowering_tree,@ (small shrubby tree of eastern North America similar to the Judas tree having usually pink flowers; found in damp sheltered underwood) }
{ western_redbud, California_redbud, Cercis_occidentalis, shrub,@ (shrub of western United States having pink or crimson flowers; often forms thickets) }

{ Chamaecytisus, genus_Chamaecytisus, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (small late-flowering trees or subshrubs having yellow to red flowers and leathery or woody pods; often especially formerly included in genus Cytisus) }
{ tagasaste, Chamaecytisus_palmensis, Cytesis_proliferus, shrub,@ genus_Chamaecytisus,#m (shrub of Canary Islands having bristle-tipped oblanceolate leaves; used as cattle fodder) }

{ Chordospartium, genus_Chordospartium, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (2 species of small New Zealand trees: weeping tree broom; endangered) }
{ weeping_tree_broom, broom,@ genus_Chordospartium,#m (small shrubby tree of New Zealand having weeping branches and racemes of white to violet flowers followed by woolly indehiscent two-seeded pods) }

{ Chorizema, genus_Chorizema, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (genus of Australian twining vines and small shrubs: flame peas) }
{ flame_pea, shrub,@ genus_Chorizema,#m (any of several small shrubs or twining vines having entire or lobed leaves and racemes of yellow to orange-red flowers; Australia) }

{ Cicer, genus_Cicer, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (chickpea plant; Asiatic herbs) }
{ chickpea, chickpea_plant, Egyptian_pea, Cicer_arietinum, legume,@ (Asiatic herb cultivated for its short pods with one or two edible seeds) }
{ chickpea2, garbanzo, legume2,@ chickpea_plant,#p (the seed of the chickpea plant) }

{ Cladrastis, genus_Cladrastis, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (yellowwoods) }
{ Kentucky_yellowwood, gopherwood, Cladrastis_lutea, Cladrastis_kentukea, angiospermous_yellowwood,@ genus_Cladrastis,#m (small handsome roundheaded deciduous tree having showy white flowers in terminal clusters and heavy hardwood yielding yellow dye) }

{ genus_Clianthus, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (genus of semi-prostrate Australasian shrubs or vines) }
{ glory_pea, clianthus, shrub,@ genus_Clianthus,#m (any of various shrubs or vines of the genus Clianthus having compound leaves and pea-like red flowers in drooping racemes) }
{ desert_pea, Sturt_pea, Sturt's_desert_pea, Clianthus_formosus, Clianthus_speciosus, glory_pea,@ (sprawling shrubby perennial noted for its scarlet black-marked flowers; widely distributed in dry parts of Australia) }
{ parrot's_beak, parrot's_bill, Clianthus_puniceus, glory_pea,@ (evergreen shrub with scarlet to white clawlike or beaklike flowers; New Zealand) }

{ Clitoria, genus_Clitoria, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (genus of tropical shrubs or vines having pinnate leaves and large axillary flowers) }
{ butterfly_pea1, Clitoria_mariana, vine,@ genus_Clitoria,#m (large-flowered wild twining vine of southeastern and central United States having pale blue flowers) }
{ blue_pea, butterfly_pea2, Clitoria_turnatea, vine,@ (vine of tropical Asia having pinnate leaves and bright blue flowers with yellow centers) }

{ Codariocalyx, genus_Codariocalyx, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (used in some classifications for plants usually included in genus Desmodium) }
{ telegraph_plant, semaphore_plant, Codariocalyx_motorius, Desmodium_motorium, Desmodium_gyrans, shrub,@ genus_Codariocalyx,#m (erect tropical Asian shrub whose small lateral leaflets rotate on their axes and jerk up and down under the influence of sunshine) }

{ Colutea, genus_Colutea, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (small genus of Eurasian shrubs with yellow flowers and bladdery pods) }
{ bladder_senna, Colutea_arborescens, shrub,@ genus_Colutea,#m (yellow-flowered European shrub cultivated for its succession of yellow flowers and very inflated bladdery pods and as a source of wildlife food) }

{ genus_Coronilla, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (genus of Old World shrubs and herbs) }
{ coronilla, shrub,@ genus_Coronilla,#m (any of various plants of the genus Coronilla having purple or pink or yellow flowers in long axillary heads or umbels) }
{ axseed, crown_vetch, Coronilla_varia, coronilla,@ genus_Coronilla,#m (European herb resembling vetch; naturalized in the eastern United States; having umbels of pink-and-white flowers and sharp-angled pods) }

{ genus_Crotalaria, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (large genus of herbs with simple leaves and racemes of yellow flowers; mainly of tropical Africa) }
{ crotalaria, rattlebox, herb,@ genus_Crotalaria,#m (any of various plants of the genus Crotalaria having inflated pods within which the seeds rattle; used for pasture and green-manure crops) }
{ American_rattlebox, Crotalaria_sagitallis, rattlebox,@ genus_Crotalaria,#m (tropical American annual herb having an inflated pod in which the ripe seeds rattle) }
{ Indian_rattlebox, Crotalaria_spectabilis, rattlebox,@ genus_Crotalaria,#m (erect subshrub having purple-tinted flowers and an inflated pod in which the ripe seeds rattle; India) }

{ Cyamopsis, genus_Cyamopsis, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (small genus of annual usually hairy herbs of tropical Africa and Arabia) }
{ guar, cluster_bean, Cyamopsis_tetragonolobus, Cyamopsis_psoraloides, legume,@ genus_Cyamopsis,#m (drought-tolerant herb grown for forage and for its seed which yield a gum used as a thickening agent or sizing material) }

{ Cytisus, genus_Cytisus, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (large genus of stiff or spiny evergreen or deciduous Old World shrubs: broom) }
{ broom, shrub,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (any of various shrubs of the genera Cytisus or Genista or Spartium having long slender branches and racemes of yellow flowers) }
{ white_broom, white_Spanish_broom, Cytisus_albus, Cytisus_multiflorus, broom,@ genus_Cytisus,#m (low European broom having trifoliate leaves and yellowish-white flowers) }
{ common_broom, Scotch_broom, green_broom, Cytisus_scoparius, broom,@ genus_Cytisus,#m (deciduous erect spreading broom native to western Europe; widely cultivated for its rich yellow flowers) }

{ witches'_broom, witch_broom, hexenbesen, staghead, noun.group:tuft,@ (an abnormal tufted growth of small branches on a tree or shrub caused by fungi or insects or other physiological disturbance) }

{ Dalbergia, genus_Dalbergia, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (large genus of tropical trees having pinnate leaves and paniculate flowers and cultivated commercially for their dramatically grained and colored timbers) }
{ rosewood, rosewood_tree, tree,@ (any of those hardwood trees of the genus Dalbergia that yield rosewood--valuable cabinet woods of a dark red or purplish color streaked and variegated with black) }
{ rosewood2, noun.substance:wood,@ rosewood_tree,#s (hard dark reddish wood of a rosewood tree having a strongly marked grain; used in cabinetwork) }
{ Indian_blackwood, East_Indian_rosewood, East_India_rosewood, Indian_rosewood, Dalbergia_latifolia, rosewood_tree,@ genus_Dalbergia,#m (East Indian tree having a useful dark purple wood) }
{ sissoo, sissu, sisham, Dalbergia_sissoo, tree,@ genus_Dalbergia,#m (East Indian tree whose leaves are used for fodder; yields a compact dark brown durable timber used in shipbuilding and making railroad ties) }
{ kingwood, kingwood_tree, Dalbergia_cearensis, tree,@ genus_Dalbergia,#m (Brazilian tree yielding a handsome cabinet wood) }
{ kingwood2, noun.substance:wood,@ kingwood_tree,#s (handsome violet-streaked wood of the kingwood tree; used especially in cabinetwork) }
{ Brazilian_rosewood, caviuna_wood, jacaranda, Dalbergia_nigra, rosewood_tree,@ genus_Dalbergia,#m (an important Brazilian timber tree yielding a heavy hard dark-colored wood streaked with black) }
{ Honduras_rosewood, Dalbergia_stevensonii, rosewood_tree,@ (Central American tree yielding a valuable dark streaked rosewood) }
{ cocobolo, Dalbergia_retusa, tree,@ genus_Dalbergia,#m (a valuable timber tree of tropical South America) }
{ granadilla_wood2, noun.substance:wood,@ cocobolo,#s (dark red hardwood derived from the cocobolo and used in making musical instruments e.g. clarinets) }
{ blackwood, blackwood_tree, tree,@ (any of several hardwood trees yielding very dark-colored wood) }
{ blackwood2, noun.substance:wood,@ blackwood_tree,#s (very dark wood of any of several blackwood trees) }

{ Dalea, genus_Dalea, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (indigo bush) }
{ smoke_tree2, Dalea_spinosa, shrub,@ genus_Dalea,#m (greyish-green shrub of desert regions of southwestern United States and Mexico having sparse foliage and terminal spikes of bluish violet flowers; locally important as source of a light-colored honey of excellent flavor) }

{ Daviesia, genus_Daviesia, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (genus of Australasian shrubs and subshrubs having small yellow or purple flowers followed by short triangular pods) }
{ bitter_pea, shrub,@ genus_Daviesia,#m (any of several spiny shrubs of the genus Daviesia having yellow flowers and triangular seeds; Australia) }

{ genus_Derris, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (genus of Old World tropical shrubs and woody vines) }
{ derris, shrub,@ genus_Derris,#m (any of various usually woody vines of the genus Derris of tropical Asia whose roots yield the insecticide rotenone; several are sources of native fish and arrow poisons) }
{ derris_root, tuba_root, Derris_elliptica, vine,@ genus_Derris,#m (woody vine having bright green leaves and racemes of rose-tinted white flowers; the swollen roots contain rotenone) }

{ Desmanthus, genus_Desmanthus, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (genus of American herbs or shrubs with sensitive pinnate leaves and small whitish flowers) }
{ prairie_mimosa, prickle-weed, Desmanthus_ilinoensis, herb,@ genus_Desmanthus,#m (perennial herb of North American prairies having dense heads of small white flowers) }

{ Desmodium, genus_Desmodium, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (beggarweed; tick trefoil) }
{ tick_trefoil, beggar_lice2, beggar's_lice2, subshrub,@ genus_Desmodium,#m (any of various tropical and subtropical plants having trifoliate leaves and rough sticky pod sections or loments) }
{ beggarweed, Desmodium_tortuosum, Desmodium_purpureum, tick_trefoil,@ (West Indian forage plant cultivated in southern United States as forage and to improve soil) }

{ Dipogon, genus_Dipogon, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (one species: Australian pea) }
{ Australian_pea, Dipogon_lignosus, Dolichos_lignosus, vine,@ genus_Dipogon,#m (South African evergreen partly woody vine grown for its clusters of rosy purple flowers followed by edible pods like snap beans; also grown as green manure; sometimes placed in genus Dolichos) }

{ Dolichos, genus_Dolichos, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (genus of chiefly tropical vines often placed in genera Dipogon or Lablab or Macrotyloma) }

{ genus_Erythrina, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (genus of attractive tropical shrubs or trees with usually red flowers) }
{ coral_tree, erythrina, tree,@ genus_Erythrina,#m (any of various shrubs or shrubby trees of the genus Erythrina having trifoliate leaves and racemes of scarlet to coral red flowers and black seeds; cultivated as an ornamental) }
{ kaffir_boom1, Cape_kafferboom, Erythrina_caffra, coral_tree,@ (small semi-evergreen broad-spreading tree of eastern South Africa with orange-scarlet flowers and small coral-red seeds; yields a light soft wood used for fence posts or shingles) }
{ coral_bean_tree, Erythrina_corallodendrum, coral_tree,@ (deciduous shrub having racemes of deep red flowers and black-spotted red seeds) }
{ ceibo, crybaby_tree, cry-baby_tree, common_coral_tree, Erythrina_crista-galli, coral_tree,@ (small South American spiny tree with dark crimson and scarlet flowers solitary or clustered) }
{ kaffir_boom2, Transvaal_kafferboom, Erythrina_lysistemon, coral_tree,@ (small semi-evergreen tree of South Africa having dense clusters of clear scarlet flowers and red seeds) }
{ Indian_coral_tree, Erythrina_variegata, Erythrina_Indica, coral_tree,@ (small to medium-sized thorny tree of tropical Asia and northern Australia having dense clusters of scarlet or crimson flowers and black seeds) }
{ cork_tree1, Erythrina_vespertilio, coral_tree,@ (prickly Australian coral tree having soft spongy wood) }

{ Galega, genus_Galega, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (small genus of Eurasian herbs: goat's rue) }
{ goat's_rue1, goat_rue, Galega_officinalis, herb,@ genus_Galega,#m (tall bushy European perennial grown for its pinnate foliage and slender spikes of blue flowers; sometimes used medicinally) }

{ genus_Gastrolobium, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (genus of Australian evergreen shrubs poisonous to livestock: poison bush) }
{ poison_bush2, poison_pea2, gastrolobium, shrub,@ genus_Gastrolobium,#m (any of various Australian evergreen shrubs of the genus Gastrolobium having whorled compound leaves poisonous to livestock and showy yellow to deep reddish-orange flowers followed by two-seeded pods) }

{ Genista, genus_Genista, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (chiefly deciduous shrubs or small trees of Mediterranean area and western Asia: broom) }
{ broom_tree, needle_furze, petty_whin, Genista_anglica, broom,@ genus_Genista,#m (prickly yellow-flowered shrub of the moors of New England and Europe) }
{ Spanish_broom1, Spanish_gorse, Genista_hispanica, broom,@ genus_Genista,#m (erect shrub of southwestern Europe having racemes of golden yellow flowers) }
{ woodwaxen, dyer's_greenweed, dyer's-broom, dyeweed, greenweed, whin1, woadwaxen, Genista_tinctoria, broom,@ genus_Genista,#m (small Eurasian shrub having clusters of yellow flowers that yield a dye; common as a weed in Britain and the United States; sometimes grown as an ornamental) }

{ Geoffroea, genus_Geoffroea, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (small genus of shrubs or small trees of tropical and subtropical America) }
{ chanar, chanal, Geoffroea_decorticans, shrub,@ genus_Geoffroea,#m (thorny shrub or small tree common in central Argentina having small orange or yellow flowers followed by edible berries) }

{ genus_Gliricidia, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (small genus of low-branching profusely flowering trees of tropical America) }
{ gliricidia, tree,@ genus_Gliricidia,#m (any of several small deciduous trees valued for their dark wood and dense racemes of nectar-rich pink flowers grown in great profusion on arching branches; roots and bark and leaves and seeds are poisonous) }

{ Glycine, genus_Glycine, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (genus of Asiatic erect or sprawling herbs: soya bean) }
{ soy, soya, soybean, soya_bean, soybean_plant, soja, soja_bean, Glycine_max, legume,@ genus_Glycine,#m (erect bushy hairy annual herb having trifoliate leaves and purple to pink flowers; extensively cultivated for food and forage and soil improvement but especially for its nutritious oil-rich seeds; native to Asia) }
{ soy2, soybean2, soya_bean2, bean2,@ soybean_plant,#p (a source of oil; used for forage and soil improvement and as food) }

{ Glycyrrhiza, genus_Glycyrrhiza, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (sticky perennial Eurasian herbs) }
{ licorice, liquorice, Glycyrrhiza_glabra, herb,@ genus_Glycyrrhiza,#m (deep-rooted coarse-textured plant native to the Mediterranean region having blue flowers and pinnately compound leaves; widely cultivated in Europe for its long thick sweet roots) }
{ wild_licorice1, wild_liquorice1, American_licorice, American_liquorice, Glycyrrhiza_lepidota, herb,@ genus_Glycyrrhiza,#m (North American plant similar to true licorice and having a root with similar properties) }
{ licorice_root, root,@ licorice,#p (root of licorice used in flavoring e.g. candy and liqueurs and medicines) }

{ Halimodendron, genus_Halimodendron, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (one species: salt tree) }
{ salt_tree, Halimodendron_halodendron, Halimodendron_argenteum, shrub,@ genus_Halimodendron,#m (spiny shrub of the Caspian salt plains and Siberia having elegant silvery, downy young foliage and mildly fragrant pink-purple blooms) }

{ Hardenbergia, genus_Hardenbergia, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (small genus of Australian woody vines with small violet flowers; closely related to genus Kennedia) }
{ Western_Australia_coral_pea, Hardenbergia_comnptoniana, vine,@ genus_Hardenbergia,#m (vigorous climber of the forests of western Australia; grown for their dense racemes of attractive bright rose-purple flowers) }

{ Hedysarum, genus_Hedysarum, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (genus of herbs of north temperate regions) }
{ sweet_vetch, Hedysarum_boreale, subshrub,@ genus_Hedysarum,#m (perennial of western United States having racemes of pink to purple flowers followed by flat pods that separate into nearly orbicular joints) }
{ French_honeysuckle1, sulla, Hedysarum_coronarium, subshrub,@ genus_Hedysarum,#m (perennial of southern Europe cultivated for forage and for its nectar-rich pink flowers that make it an important honey crop) }

{ Hippocrepis, genus_Hippocrepis, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (species of Old World herbs or subshrubs: horseshoe vetch) }
{ horseshoe_vetch, Hippocrepis_comosa, subshrub,@ (European woody perennial with yellow umbellate flowers followed by flattened pods that separate into horseshoe-shaped joints) }

{ genus_Hovea, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (genus of Australian evergreen shrubs) }
{ hovea, purple_pea, shrub,@ genus_Hovea,#m (any of several attractive evergreen shrubs of Australia grown for their glossy deep green foliage and flowers in rich blues and intense violets) }

{ Indigofera, genus_Indigofera, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (genus of tropical herbs and shrubs having odd-pinnate leaves and spurred flowers in long racemes or spikes) }
{ indigo, indigo_plant, Indigofera_tinctoria, shrub,@ genus_Indigofera,#m (deciduous subshrub of southeastern Asia having pinnate leaves and clusters of red or purple flowers; a source of indigo dye) }
{ anil, Indigofera_suffruticosa, Indigofera_anil, indigo,@ (shrub of West Indies and South America that is a source of indigo dye) }

{ Jacksonia, genus_Jacksonia, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (genus of yellow-flowered Australian unarmed or spiny shrubs without true leaves but having leaflike stems or branches) }

{ Kennedia, genus_Kennedia, Kennedya, genus_Kennedya, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (genus of Australian woody vines having showy red or purplish flowers) }
{ coral_pea, vine,@ genus_Kennedia,#m (any of various Australian climbing plants of the genus Kennedia having scarlet flowers) }
{ coral_vine2, Kennedia_coccinea, coral_pea,@ (prostrate or twining woody vine with small leathery leaves and umbels of red flowers; Australia and Tasmania) }
{ scarlet_runner2, running_postman, Kennedia_prostrata, coral_pea,@ (hairy trailing or prostrate western Australian vine with bright scarlet-pink flowers) }

{ Lablab, genus_Lablab, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (one species: hyacinth bean) }
{ hyacinth_bean, bonavist, Indian_bean1, Egyptian_bean, Lablab_purpureus, Dolichos_lablab, vine,@ genus_Lablab,#m (perennial twining vine of Old World tropics having trifoliate leaves and racemes of fragrant purple pea-like flowers followed by maroon pods of edible seeds; grown as an ornamental and as a vegetable on the Indian subcontinent; sometimes placed in genus Dolichos) }

{ Laburnum, genus_Laburnum, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (flowering shrubs or trees having bright yellow flowers; all parts of the plant are poisonous) }
{ Scotch_laburnum, Alpine_golden_chain, Laburnum_alpinum, flowering_shrub,@ genus_Laburnum,#m (an ornamental shrub or tree of the genus Laburnum) }
{ common_laburnum, golden_chain, golden_rain, Laburnum_anagyroides, flowering_shrub,@ genus_Laburnum,#m (an ornamental shrub or tree of the genus Laburnum; often cultivated for Easter decorations) }

{ Lathyrus, genus_Lathyrus, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (genus of climbing herbs of Old World and temperate North and South America: vetchling; wild pea) }
{ vetchling, vine,@ genus_Lathyrus,#m (any of various small plants of the genus Lathyrus; climb usually by means of tendrils) }
{ wild_pea, legume,@ family_Leguminosae,#m (any of various plants of the family Leguminosae that usually grow like vines) }
{ singletary_pea, Caley_pea, rough_pea, wild_winterpea, Lathyrus_hirsutus, wild_pea,@ (a weak-stemmed winter annual native to Mediterranean region for long established in southern United States; cultivated as a cover and pasture crop) }
{ everlasting_pea, vine,@ genus_Lathyrus,#m (any of several perennial vines of the genus Lathyrus) }
{ broad-leaved_everlasting_pea, perennial_pea, Lathyrus_latifolius, everlasting_pea,@ genus_Lathyrus,#m (perennial climber of central and southern Europe having purple or pink or white flowers; naturalized in North America) }
{ beach_pea, sea_pea, Lathyrus_maritimus, Lathyrus_japonicus, wild_pea,@ genus_Lathyrus,#m (wild pea of seashores of north temperate zone having tough roots and purple flowers and useful as a sand binder) }
{ black_pea, Lathyrus_niger, vetchling,@ genus_Lathyrus,#m (perennial of Europe and North Africa; foliage turns black in drying) }
{ grass_vetch, grass_vetchling, Lathyrus_nissolia, vetchling,@ genus_Lathyrus,#m (annual European vetch with red flowers) }
{ sweet_pea, sweetpea, Lathyrus_odoratus, vine,@ genus_Lathyrus,#m (climbing garden plant having fragrant pastel-colored flowers) }
{ marsh_pea, Lathyrus_palustris, wild_pea,@ genus_Lathyrus,#m (scrambling perennial of damp or marshy areas of Eurasia and North America with purplish flowers) }
{ common_vetchling, meadow_pea, yellow_vetchling, Lathyrus_pratensis, wild_pea,@ genus_Lathyrus,#m (scrambling perennial Eurasian wild pea having yellowish flowers and compressed seed pods; cultivated for forage) }
{ grass_pea, Indian_pea, khesari, Lathyrus_sativus, vetchling,@ genus_Lathyrus,#m (European annual grown for forage; seeds used for food in India and for stock elsewhere) }
{ pride_of_California, Lathyrus_splendens, wild_pea,@ genus_Lathyrus,#m (shrubby California perennial having large pink or violet flowers; cultivated as an ornamental) }
{ flat_pea1, narrow-leaved_everlasting_pea, Lathyrus_sylvestris, everlasting_pea,@ genus_Lathyrus,#m (European perennial with mottled flowers of purple and pink; sometimes cultivated for fodder or as green manure) }
{ Tangier_pea, Tangier_peavine, Lalthyrus_tingitanus, wild_pea,@ genus_Lathyrus,#m (North African annual resembling the sweet pea having showy but odorless flowers) }
{ heath_pea, earth-nut_pea, earthnut_pea, tuberous_vetch, Lathyrus_tuberosus, vine,@ genus_Lathyrus,#m (European herb bearing small tubers used for food and in Scotland to flavor whiskey) }
{ spring_vetchling, spring_vetch2, Lathyrus_vernus, vetchling,@ genus_Lathyrus,#m (bushy European perennial having nodding racemose violet-blue flowers) }

{ genus_Lespedeza, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (genus of shrubs or herbs of tropical Asia and Australia and the eastern United States) }
{ bush_clover, lespedeza, woody_plant,@ genus_Lespedeza,#m (shrubby or herbaceous plants widely used for forage, soil improvement, and especially hay in southern United States) }
{ bicolor_lespediza, ezo-yama-hagi, Lespedeza_bicolor, bush_clover,@ genus_Lespedeza,#m (Asian shrub having conspicuous racemose rose-purple flowers widely used as an ornamental and in erosion control and as a source of feed for wild birds) }
{ japanese_clover, japan_clover, jap_clover, Lespedeza_striata, bush_clover,@ genus_Lespedeza,#m (an annual of tropical Asia naturalized in United States) }
{ Korean_lespedeza, Lespedeza_stipulacea, bush_clover,@ genus_Lespedeza,#m (annual native to Korea but widely cultivated for forage and hay in hot dry regions) }
{ sericea_lespedeza, Lespedeza_sericea, Lespedeza_cuneata, bush_clover,@ genus_Lespedeza,#m (perennial widely planted as for forage and as hay crop especially on poor land) }

{ Lens, genus_Lens, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (genus of small erect or climbing herbs with pinnate leaves and small inconspicuous white flowers and small flattened pods: lentils) }
{ lentil, lentil_plant, Lens_culinaris, legume,@ (widely cultivated Eurasian annual herb grown for its edible flattened seeds that are cooked like peas and also ground into meal and for its leafy stalks that are used as fodder) }
{ lentil2, legume2,@ lentil_plant,#p (the fruit or seed of a lentil plant) }

{ Lonchocarpus, genus_Lonchocarpus, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (genus of chiefly tropical American shrubs and trees having pinnate leaves and red or white flowers) }
{ cube, subshrub,@ genus_Lonchocarpus,#m (any of several tropical American woody plants of the genus Lonchocarpus whose roots are used locally as a fish poison and commercially as a source of rotenone) }

{ Lotus3, genus_Lotus, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (annual or perennial herbs or subshrubs) }
{ prairie_bird's-foot_trefoil, compass_plant4, prairie_lotus, prairie_trefoil, Lotus_americanus, subshrub,@ (North American annual with red or rose-colored flowers) }
{ coral_gem, Lotus_berthelotii, subshrub,@ (low-growing much-branched perennial of Canary Islands having orange-red to scarlet or purple flowers; naturalized in United States) }
{ bird's_foot_trefoil1, bird's_foot_clover, babies'_slippers, bacon_and_eggs, Lotus_corniculatus, subshrub,@ genus_Lotus,#m (European forage plant having claw-shaped pods introduced in America) }
{ winged_pea1, asparagus_pea, Lotus_tetragonolobus, herb,@ (sprawling European annual having a 4-winged edible pod) }

{ Lupinus, genus_Lupinus, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (herbs or shrubs: lupin) }
{ lupine, lupin, woody_plant,@ genus_Lupinus,#m (any plant of the genus Lupinus; bearing erect spikes of usually purplish-blue flowers) }
{ white_lupine, field_lupine, wolf_bean, Egyptian_lupine, Lupinus_albus, lupine,@ (white-flowered Eurasian herb widely cultivated for forage and erosion control) }
{ tree_lupine, Lupinus_arboreus, shrub,@ genus_Lupinus,#m (evergreen shrub of the Pacific coast of the United States having showy yellow or blue flowers; naturalized in Australia) }
{ yellow_lupine, Lupinus_luteus, lupine,@ (yellow-flowered European lupine cultivated for forage) }
{ wild_lupine, sundial_lupine, Indian_beet, old-maid's_bonnet, Lupinus_perennis, subshrub,@ genus_Lupinus,#m (stout perennial of eastern and central North America having palmate leaves and showy racemose blue flowers) }
{ bluebonnet, buffalo_clover3, Texas_bluebonnet1, Lupinus_subcarnosus, lupine,@ (low-growing annual herb of southwestern United States (Texas) having silky foliage and blue flowers; a leading cause of livestock poisoning in the southwestern United States) }
{ Texas_bluebonnet2, Lupinus_texensis, lupine,@ (closely resembles Lupinus subcarnosus; southwestern United States (Texas)) }

{ Macrotyloma, genus_Macrotyloma, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (annual or perennial vines of Africa and India and Australia; plants often placed in genus Dolichos) }
{ horse_gram, horse_grain, poor_man's_pulse, Macrotyloma_uniflorum, Dolichos_biflorus, legume,@ genus_Macrotyloma,#m (twining herb of Old World tropics cultivated in India for food and fodder; sometimes placed in genus Dolichos) }

{ Medicago, genus_Medicago, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,@ (a genus of herbs that resemble clover) }
{ medic, medick, trefoil2, herb,@ genus_Medicago,#m (any of several Old World herbs of the genus Medicago having small flowers and trifoliate compound leaves) }
{ moon_trefoil, Medicago_arborea, medic,@ (evergreen shrub of southern European highlands having downy foliage and a succession of yellow flowers throughout the summer followed by curious snail-shaped pods) }
{ sickle_alfalfa, sickle_lucerne, sickle_medick, Medicago_falcata, medic,@ (European medic naturalized in North America having yellow flowers and sickle-shaped pods) }
{ Calvary_clover, Medicago_intertexta, Medicago_echinus, medic,@ (an annual of the Mediterranean area having spiny seed pods and leaves with dark spots) }
{ black_medick, hop_clover2, yellow_trefoil, nonesuch_clover, Medicago_lupulina, medic,@ (prostrate European herb with small yellow flowers and curved black pods; naturalized in North America) }
{ alfalfa, lucerne, Medicago_sativa, medic,@ (important European leguminous forage plant with trifoliate leaves and blue-violet flowers grown widely as a pasture and hay crop) }

{ genus_Millettia, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (genus of trees and shrubs of the Old World tropics) }
{ millettia1, tree,@ genus_Millettia,#m (any of several tropical trees or shrubs yielding showy streaked dark reddish or chocolate-colored wood) }

{ genus_Mucuna, Stizolobium, genus_Stizolobium, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (genus of tropical herbs and woody vines having trifoliate leaves and showy flowers in axillary clusters) }
{ mucuna, shrub,@ genus_Mucuna,#m (any of several erect or climbing woody plants of the genus Mucuna; widespread in tropics of both hemispheres) }
{ cowage1, velvet_bean, Bengal_bean, Benghal_bean, Florida_bean, Mucuna_pruriens_utilis, Mucuna_deeringiana, Mucuna_aterrima, Stizolobium_deeringiana, mucuna,@ (the annual woody vine of Asia having long clusters of purplish flowers and densely hairy pods; cultivated in southern United States for green manure and grazing) }
{ cowage2, pod,@ cowage1,#p (pods of the cowage plant or the stinging hairs covering them; used as a vermifuge when mixed with e.g. honey) }

{ Myroxylon, genus_Myroxylon, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (a genus of tropical American trees having pinnate leaves and white flowers) }
{ tolu_tree, tolu_balsam_tree, Myroxylon_balsamum, Myroxylon_toluiferum, tree,@ genus_Myroxylon,#m (medium-sized tropical American tree yielding tolu balsam and a fragrant hard wood used for high-grade furniture and cabinetwork) }
{ Peruvian_balsam, Myroxylon_pereirae, Myroxylon_balsamum_pereirae, tree,@ genus_Myroxylon,#m (tree of South and Central America yielding an aromatic balsam) }
{ tolu, balsam_of_tolu, tolu_balsam, noun.substance:balsam,@ tolu_tree,#s (aromatic yellowish brown balsam from the tolu balsam tree used especially in cough syrups) }
{ balsam_of_Peru, tolu,@ Peruvian_balsam,#s (dark brown syrupy balsam from the Peruvian balsam tree used especially in dressing wounds and treating certain skin diseases) }

{ Onobrychis, genus_Onobrychis, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (genus of Old World herbs having pinnate leaves and pink or whites racemose flowers followed by flat unjointed pods) }
{ sainfoin, sanfoin, holy_clover, esparcet, Onobrychis_viciifolia, Onobrychis_viciaefolia, herb,@ genus_Onobrychis,#m (Eurasian perennial herb having pale pink flowers and curved pods; naturalized in Britain and North America grasslands on calcareous soils; important forage crop and source of honey in Britain) }

{ Ononis, genus_Ononis, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (genus of European subshrubs or herbs having pink or purple or yellow solitary or clustered flowers: restharrow) }
{ restharrow1, rest-harrow1, Ononis_repens, subshrub,@ genus_Ononis,#m (European woody plant having pink flowers and unifoliate leaves and long tough roots; spreads by underground runners) }
{ restharrow2, rest-harrow2, Ononis_spinosa, subshrub,@ genus_Ononis,#m (Eurasian plant having loose racemes of pink or purple flowers and spiny stems and tough roots) }

{ Ormosia, genus_Ormosia, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (genus of tropical shrubs and trees having usually odd-pinnate leaves with large leaflets and pink to reddish wood) }
{ necklace_tree, tree,@ genus_Ormosia,#m (a tree of the genus Ormosia having seeds used as beads) }
{ bead_tree, jumby_bean, jumby_tree, Ormosia_monosperma, necklace_tree,@ genus_Ormosia,#m (small tree of West Indies and northeastern Venezuela having large oblong pointed leaflets and panicles of purple flowers; seeds are black or scarlet with black spots) }
{ jumby_bead, jumbie_bead, Ormosia_coarctata, necklace_tree,@ genus_Ormosia,#m (West Indian tree similar to Ormosia monosperma but larger and having smaller leaflets and smaller seeds) }

{ Oxytropis, genus_Oxytropis, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (large widely-distributed genus of evergreen shrubs or subshrubs having odd-pinnate leaves and racemose or spicate flowers each having a pea-like corolla with a clawed petal) }
{ locoweed, crazyweed, crazy_weed, legume,@ genus_Oxytropis,#m (any of several leguminous plants of western North America causing locoism in livestock) }
{ purple_locoweed, purple_loco, Oxytropis_lambertii, locoweed,@ (tufted locoweed of southwestern United States having purple or pink to white flowers) }

{ tumbleweed, weed,@ (any plant that breaks away from its roots in autumn and is driven by the wind as a light rolling mass) }

{ Pachyrhizus, genus_Pachyrhizus, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (small genus of tropical vines having tuberous roots) }
{ yam_bean1, Pachyrhizus_erosus, vine,@ genus_Pachyrhizus,#m (Central American twining plant with edible roots and pods; large tubers are eaten raw or cooked especially when young and young pods must be thoroughly cooked; pods and seeds also yield rotenone and oils) }
{ yam_bean2, potato_bean2, Pachyrhizus_tuberosus, vine,@ genus_Pachyrhizus,#m (twining plant of Amazon basin having large edible roots) }

{ Parochetus, genus_Parochetus, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (one species: shamrock pea) }
{ shamrock_pea, Parochetus_communis, herb,@ genus_Parochetus,#m (trailing trifoliate Asiatic and African herb having cobalt blue flowers) }

{ Phaseolus, genus_Phaseolus, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (herbs of warm regions including most American beans) }
{ bean, bean_plant, legume,@ family_Leguminosae,#m (any of various leguminous plants grown for their edible seeds and pods) }
{ bush_bean, bean,@ (a bean plant whose bushy growth needs no supports) }
{ pole_bean, bean,@ (a climbing bean plant that will climb a wall or tree or trellis) }
{ common_bean, common_bean_plant, Phaseolus_vulgaris, bush_bean,@ genus_Phaseolus,#m (the common annual twining or bushy bean plant grown for its edible seeds or pods) }
{ kidney_bean, frijol, frijole, common_bean,@ genus_Phaseolus,#m (the common bean plant grown for the beans rather than the pods (especially a variety with large red kidney-shaped beans)) }
{ green_bean, common_bean,@ genus_Phaseolus,#m (a common bean plant cultivated for its slender green edible pods) }
{ haricot, green_bean,@ (a French variety of green bean plant bearing light-colored beans) }
{ wax_bean, common_bean,@ genus_Phaseolus,#m (a common bean plant grown for its edible golden pod) }
{ scarlet_runner1, scarlet_runner_bean, Dutch_case-knife_bean, runner_bean, Phaseolus_coccineus, Phaseolus_multiflorus, pole_bean,@ (tropical American bean with red flowers and mottled black beans similar to Phaseolus vulgaris but perennial; a preferred food bean in Great Britain) }
{ shell_bean, shell_bean_plant, bean,@ (a bean plant grown primarily for its edible seed rather than its pod) }
{ lima_bean1, lima_bean_plant, Phaseolus_limensis, shell_bean,@ genus_Phaseolus,#m (bush or tall-growing bean plant having large flat edible seeds) }
{ sieva_bean, butter_bean, butter-bean_plant, lima_bean3, Phaseolus_lunatus, shell_bean,@ genus_Phaseolus,#m (bush bean plant cultivated especially in southern United States having small flat edible seeds) }
{ tepary_bean, Phaseolus_acutifolius_latifolius, shell_bean,@ genus_Phaseolus,#m (twining plant of southwestern United States and Mexico having roundish white or yellow or brown or black beans) }

{ Pickeringia, genus_Pickeringia, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (one species: chaparral pea) }
{ chaparral_pea, stingaree-bush, Pickeringia_montana, shrub,@ genus_Pickeringia,#m (spiny evergreen xerophytic shrub having showy rose and purple flowers and forming dense thickets; of dry rocky mountain slopes of California) }

{ Piscidia, genus_Piscidia, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (genus of shrubs or small trees having indehiscent pods with black seeds; roots and bark yield fish poisons) }
{ Jamaica_dogwood, fish_fuddle, Piscidia_piscipula, Piscidia_erythrina, tree,@ genus_Piscidia,#m (small tree of West Indies and Florida having large odd-pinnate leaves and panicles of red-striped purple to white flowers followed by decorative curly winged seedpods; yields fish poisons) }

{ Pisum, genus_Pisum, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (small genus of variable annual Eurasian vines: peas) }
{ pea, pea_plant, legume,@ genus_Pisum,#m (a leguminous plant of the genus Pisum with small white flowers and long green pods containing edible green seeds) }
{ pea2, legume2,@ pea_plant,#p (the fruit or seed of a pea plant) }
{ garden_pea, garden_pea_plant, common_pea, Pisum_sativum, pea_plant,@ genus_Pisum,#m (plant producing peas usually eaten fresh rather than dried) }
{ garden_pea2, pea2,@ garden_pea_plant,#p (the flattened to cylindric inflated multi-seeded fruit of the common pea plant) }
{ edible-pod_pea, edible-podded_pea, Pisum_sativum_macrocarpon, pea_plant,@ (a variety of pea plant producing peas having soft thick edible pods lacking the fibrous inner lining of the common pea) }
{ snow_pea, sugar_pea, edible-pod_pea,@ (variety of pea plant producing peas having thin flat edible pods) }
{ sugar_snap_pea, snap_pea, edible-pod_pea,@ (variety of pea plant producing peas having crisp rounded edible pods) }
{ field_pea, field-pea_plant, Austrian_winter_pea, Pisum_sativum_arvense, Pisum_arvense, pea,@ (variety of pea plant native to the Mediterranean region and North Africa and widely grown especially for forage) }
{ field_pea2, legume2,@ field-pea_plant,#p (seed of the field pea plant) }

{ Platylobium, genus_Platylobium, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (small genus of Australian evergreen leguminous shrubs or subshrubs) }
{ flat_pea2, Platylobium_formosum, shrub,@ genus_Platylobium,#m (evergreen shrub having almost heart-shaped foliage and bright yellow pea-like flowers followed by flat pods with flat wings; Australia and Tasmania) }
{ common_flat_pea, native_holly, Playlobium_obtusangulum, shrub,@ genus_Platylobium,#m (low spreading evergreen shrub of southern Australia having triangular to somewhat heart-shaped foliage and orange-yellow flowers followed by flat winged pods) }

{ Platymiscium, genus_Platymiscium, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (genus of tropical American trees: quira) }
{ quira1, tree,@ genus_Platymiscium,#m (any of several tropical American trees some yielding economically important timber) }
{ roble2, Platymiscium_trinitatis, quira1,@ (large tree of Trinidad and Guyana having odd-pinnate leaves and violet-scented axillary racemes of yellow flowers and long smooth pods; grown as a specimen in parks and large gardens) }
{ Panama_redwood_tree, Panama_redwood1, Platymiscium_pinnatum, quira1,@ (large erect shrub of Colombia having large odd-pinnate leaves with large leaflets and axillary racemes of fragrant yellow flowers) }
{ Panama_redwood2, quira2, noun.substance:wood,@ quira1,#s (hard heavy red wood of a quira tree) }

{ Podalyria, genus_Podalyria, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (genus of South African leguminous shrubs often placed in genus Sophora) }

{ Pongamia, genus_Pongamia, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (one species: Indian beech) }
{ Indian_beech, Pongamia_glabra, tree,@ genus_Pongamia,#m (evergreen Asiatic tree having glossy pinnate leaves and racemose creamy-white scented flowers; used as a shade tree) }

{ Psophocarpus, genus_Psophocarpus, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (species of tropical Asian and African climbing herbs) }
{ winged_bean, winged_pea2, goa_bean1, goa_bean_vine, Manila_bean, Psophocarpus_tetragonolobus, vine,@ genus_Psophocarpus,#m (a tuberous twining annual vine bearing clusters of purplish flowers and pods with four jagged wings; Old World tropics) }

{ Psoralea, genus_Psoralea, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (widely distributed genus of herbs or shrubs with glandular compound leaves and spicate or racemose purple or white flowers) }
{ breadroot, Indian_breadroot, pomme_blanche, pomme_de_prairie, Psoralea_esculenta, herb,@ genus_Psoralea,#m (densely hairy perennial of central North America having edible tuberous roots) }

{ Pterocarpus, genus_Pterocarpus, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (genus of tropical trees or climbers having usually broadly winged pods) }
{ bloodwood_tree2, kiaat, Pterocarpus_angolensis, tree,@ genus_Pterocarpus,#m (deciduous South African tree having large odd-pinnate leaves and profuse fragrant orange-yellow flowers; yields a red juice and heavy strong durable wood) }
{ padauk1, padouk1, amboyna1, Pterocarpus_indicus, tree,@ genus_Pterocarpus,#m (tree native to southeastern Asia having reddish wood with a mottled or striped black grain) }
{ amboyna2, Andaman_redwood, rosewood2,@ Pterocarpus_indicus,#s (mottled curly-grained wood of Pterocarpus indicus) }
{ Burma_padauk, Burmese_rosewood, Pterocarpus_macrocarpus, tree,@ genus_Pterocarpus,#m (tree of India and Burma yielding a wood resembling mahogany) }
{ kino1, Pterocarpus_marsupium, tree,@ genus_Pterocarpus,#m (East Indian tree yielding a resin or extract often used medicinally and in e.g. tanning) }
{ East_India_kino, Malabar_kino, kino_gum, noun.substance:resin,@ kino1,#s (reddish or black juice or resin from certain trees of the genus Pterocarpus and used in medicine and tanning etc) }
{ red_sandalwood1, red_sanders, red_sanderswood, red_saunders, Pterocarpus_santalinus, tree,@ genus_Pterocarpus,#m (tree of India and East Indies yielding a hard fragrant timber prized for cabinetwork and dark red heartwood used as a dyewood) }
{ ruby_wood, red_sandalwood3, noun.substance:wood,@ red_sandalwood1,#s (hard durable wood of red sandalwood trees (Pterocarpus santalinus); prized for cabinetwork) }

{ Pueraria, genus_Pueraria, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (genus of woody Asiatic vines: kudzu) }
{ kudzu, kudzu_vine, Pueraria_lobata, vine,@ genus_Pueraria,#m (fast-growing vine from eastern Asia having tuberous starchy roots and hairy trifoliate leaves and racemes of purple flowers followed by long hairy pods containing many seeds; grown for fodder and forage and root starch; widespread in the southern United States) }

{ Retama, genus_Retama, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (small genus of Mediterranean shrubs; often included in genus Genista) }
{ retem, raetam, juniper_bush, juniper2, Retama_raetam, Genista_raetam, shrub,@ genus_Retama,#m (desert shrub of Syria and Arabia having small white flowers; constitutes the juniper of the Old Testament; sometimes placed in genus Genista) }

{ Robinia, genus_Robinia, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (deciduous flowering trees and shrubs) }
{ bristly_locust, rose_acacia, moss_locust, Robinia_hispida, shrub,@ genus_Robinia,#m (large shrub or small tree of the eastern United States having bristly stems and large clusters of pink flowers) }
{ black_locust, yellow_locust, Robinia_pseudoacacia, locust_tree,@ genus_Robinia,#m (large thorny tree of eastern and central United States having pinnately compound leaves and drooping racemes of white flowers; widely naturalized in many varieties in temperate regions) }
{ black_locust2, noun.substance:wood,@ black_locust,#s (strong stiff wood of a black-locust tree; very resistant to decay) }
{ clammy_locust, Robinia_viscosa, locust_tree,@ genus_Robinia,#m (small rough-barked locust of southeastern United States having racemes of pink flowers and glutinous branches and seeds) }

{ Sabinea, genus_Sabinea, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (small genus of deciduous West Indian trees or shrubs: carib wood) }
{ carib_wood, Sabinea_carinalis, tree,@ genus_Sabinea,#m (small Dominican tree bearing masses of large crimson flowers before the fine pinnate foliage emerges) }

{ genus_Sesbania, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (small genus of tropical and subtropical leguminous herbs or shrubs or trees) }
{ sesbania, legume,@ genus_Sesbania,#m (any of various plants of the genus Sesbania having pinnate leaves and large showy pea-like flowers) }
{ Colorado_River_hemp, Sesbania_exaltata, sesbania,@ (tall-growing annual of southwestern United States widely grown as green manure; yields a strong tough bast fiber formerly used by Indians for cordage) }
{ scarlet_wisteria_tree, vegetable_hummingbird, Sesbania_grandiflora, tree,@ genus_Sesbania,#m (a softwood tree with lax racemes of usually red or pink flowers; tropical Australia and Asia; naturalized in southern Florida and West Indies) }

{ Sophora, genus_Sophora, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (cosmopolitan genus of trees and shrubs having odd-pinnate leaves and showy flowers; some species placed in genus Podalyria) }
{ Japanese_pagoda_tree, Chinese_scholartree, Chinese_scholar_tree, Sophora_japonica, Sophora_sinensis, tree,@ genus_Sophora,#m (handsome roundheaded deciduous tree having compound dark green leaves and profuse panicles of fragrant creamy-white flowers; China and Japan) }
{ mescal_bean, coral_bean, frijolito, frijolillo, Sophora_secundiflora, tree,@ genus_Sophora,#m (shrub or small tree having pinnate leaves poisonous to livestock and dense racemes of intensely fragrant blue flowers and red beans) }
{ kowhai, Sophora_tetraptera, tree,@ genus_Sophora,#m (shrub or small tree of New Zealand and Chile having pendulous racemes of tubular golden-yellow flowers; yields a hard strong wood) }

{ Spartium, genus_Spartium, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (one species: Spanish broom) }
{ Spanish_broom2, weaver's_broom, Spartium_junceum, broom,@ genus_Spartium,#m (tall thornless shrub having pale yellow flowers and flexible rushlike twigs used in basketry; of southwestern Europe and Mediterranean; naturalized in California) }

{ Strongylodon, genus_Strongylodon, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (genus of Polynesian or southeastern Asian shrubs or vines) }
{ jade_vine, emerald_creeper, Strongylodon_macrobotrys, liana,@ genus_Strongylodon,#m (vigorous Philippine evergreen twining liana; grown for spectacular festoons of green flowers that resemble lobster claws) }

{ Templetonia, genus_Templetonia, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (genus of Australian shrubs or subshrubs: coral bush) }
{ coral_bush, flame_bush, Templetonia_retusa, shrub,@ genus_Templetonia,#m (Australian shrub having simple obovate leaves and brilliant scarlet flowers) }

{ Tephrosia, genus_Tephrosia, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (genus of tropical and subtropical herbs or shrubs: hoary peas) }
{ hoary_pea, subshrub,@ genus_Tephrosia,#m (a plant of the genus Tephrosia having pinnate leaves and white or purplish flowers and flat hairy pods) }
{ bastard_indigo, Tephrosia_purpurea, hoary_pea,@ (East Indian shrub) }
{ catgut, goat's_rue2, wild_sweet_pea, Tephrosia_virginiana, hoary_pea,@ (perennial subshrub of eastern North America having downy leaves yellowish and rose flowers and; source of rotenone) }

{ Thermopsis, genus_Thermopsis, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (genus of American and Asiatic showy rhizomatous herbs: bush peas) }
{ bush_pea, herb,@ genus_Thermopsis,#m (any of various plants of the genus Thermopsis having trifoliate leaves and yellow or purple racemose flowers) }
{ false_lupine, golden_pea, yellow_pea, Thermopsis_macrophylla, bush_pea,@ (western United States bushy herb having yellow pea-like flowers) }
{ Carolina_lupine, Thermopsis_villosa, bush_pea,@ (eastern United States bush pea) }

{ Tipuana, genus_Tipuana, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (one species: South American tree: tipu tree) }
{ tipu, tipu_tree, yellow_jacaranda, pride_of_Bolivia, tree,@ genus_Tipuana,#m (semi-evergreen South American tree with odd-pinnate leaves and golden yellow flowers cultivated as an ornamental) }

{ Trigonella, genus_Trigonella, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (Old World genus of frequently aromatic herbs) }
{ bird's_foot_trefoil2, Trigonella_ornithopodioides, herb,@ genus_Trigonella,#m (Old World herb related to fenugreek) }
{ fenugreek, Greek_clover, Trigonella_foenumgraecum, herb,@ genus_Trigonella,#m (annual herb or southern Europe and eastern Asia having off-white flowers and aromatic seeds used medicinally and in curry) }

{ Ulex, genus_Ulex, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (genus of Eurasian spiny shrubs: gorse) }
{ gorse, furze, whin2, Irish_gorse, Ulex_europaeus, shrub,@ genus_Ulex,#m (very spiny and dense evergreen shrub with fragrant golden-yellow flowers; common throughout western Europe) }

{ Vicia, genus_Vicia, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (widely distributed genus of annual or perennial and often climbing herbs) }
{ vetch, legume,@ genus_Vicia,#m (any of various climbing plants of the genus Vicia having pinnately compound leaves that terminate in tendrils and small variously colored flowers; includes valuable forage and soil-building plants) }
{ tare1, vetch,@ genus_Vicia,#m (any of several weedy vetches grown for forage) }
{ tufted_vetch, bird_vetch, Calnada_pea, Vicia_cracca, vetch,@ (common perennial climber of temperate regions of Eurasia and North America having dense elongate clusters of flowers) }
{ broad_bean, broad-bean, broad-bean_plant, English_bean, European_bean, field_bean, Vicia_faba, shell_bean,@ genus_Vicia,#m (Old World upright plant grown especially for its large flat edible seeds but also as fodder) }
{ broad_bean2, fava_bean, horsebean2, bean2,@ broad-bean_plant,#p (seed of the broad-bean plant) }
{ bitter_betch, Vicia_orobus, vetch,@ (European perennial toxic vetch) }
{ spring_vetch1, Vicia_sativa, vetch,@ (herbaceous climbing plant valuable as fodder and for soil-building) }
{ bush_vetch, Vicia_sepium, vetch,@ (European purple-flowered with slender stems; occurs as a weed in hedges) }
{ hairy_vetch, hairy_tare, Vicia_villosa, tare1,@ genus_Vicia,#m (European vetch much cultivated as forage and cover crops) }

{ Vigna, genus_Vigna, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (genus of vines or erect herbs having trifoliate leaves and yellowish or purplish flowers; of warm or tropical regions; most species often placed in genus Phaseolus) }
{ moth_bean, Vigna_aconitifolia, Phaseolus_aconitifolius, legume,@ genus_Vigna,#m (East Indian legume having hairy foliage and small yellow flowers followed by cylindrical pods; used especially in India for food and forage and as a soil conditioner; sometimes placed in genus Phaseolus) }
{ adzuki_bean, adsuki_bean, Vigna_angularis, Phaseolus_angularis, legume,@ genus_Vigna,#m (bushy annual widely grown in China and Japan for the flour made from its seeds) }
{ snailflower, snail-flower, snail_flower, snail_bean, corkscrew_flower, Vigna_caracalla, Phaseolus_caracalla, legume,@ genus_Vigna,#m (perennial tropical American vine cultivated for its racemes of showy yellow and purple flowers having the corolla keel coiled like a snail shell; sometimes placed in genus Phaseolus) }
{ mung, mung_bean, mung_bean_plant, Vigna_radiata, Phaseolus_aureus, legume,@ genus_Vigna,#m (erect bushy annual widely cultivated in warm regions of India and Indonesia and United States for forage and especially its edible seeds; chief source of bean sprouts used in Chinese cookery; sometimes placed in genus Phaseolus) }
{ mung1, mung_bean1, green_gram, golden_gram, moong, mash_bean, munggo, monggo, green_soy, green_bean1, bean2,@ mung_bean_plant,#p (seed of the mung bean plant; used for food) }
{ cowpea, cowpea_plant, black-eyed_pea, Vigna_unguiculata, Vigna_sinensis, legume,@ genus_Vigna,#m (sprawling Old World annual cultivated especially in southern United States for food and forage and green manure) }
{ cowpea2, black-eyed_pea2, legume2,@ cowpea_plant,#p (fruit or seed of the cowpea plant) }
{ asparagus_bean, yard-long_bean, Vigna_unguiculata_sesquipedalis, Vigna_sesquipedalis, legume,@ genus_Vigna,#m (South American bean having very long succulent pods) }

{ Viminaria, genus_Viminaria, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (one species: Australian leafless shrubs: swamp oak) }
{ swamp_oak, Viminaria_juncea, Viminaria_denudata, shrub,@ genus_Viminaria,#m (Australian leafless shrub resembling broom and having small yellow flowers) }

{ Virgilia, genus_Virgilia, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (genus of South African trees having pinnate leaves and rose-purple flowers followed by leathery pods) }
{ keurboom1, Virgilia_capensis, Virgilia_oroboides, tree,@ genus_Virgilia,#m (tree with odd-pinnate leaves and racemes of fragrant pink to purple flowers) }
{ keurboom2, Virgilia_divaricata, tree,@ genus_Virgilia,#m (fast-growing roundheaded tree with fragrant white to deep rose flowers; planted as an ornamental) }

{ genus_Wisteria, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Papilionoideae,#m (Asiatic deciduous woody vine having large drooping racemes of white or bluish or purple or pinkish flowers and velvety pods; widely grown as an ornamental) }
{ wisteria, wistaria, vine,@ genus_Wisteria,#m (any flowering vine of the genus Wisteria) }
{ Japanese_wistaria, Wisteria_floribunda, wisteria,@ (having flowers of pink to mauve or violet-blue) }
{ Chinese_wistaria, Wisteria_chinensis, wisteria,@ (having deep purple flowers) }
{ American_wistaria, American_wisteria, Wisteria_frutescens, wisteria,@ (an eastern United States native resembling the cultivated Japanese wisteria having pale purple-lilac flowers) }
{ silky_wisteria, Wisteria_venusta, wisteria,@ (a wisteria of China having white flowers) }

(==)
{ Palmales, order_Palmales, plant_order,@ subclass_Arecidae,#m (coextensive with the family Palmae: palms) }
(==arecid_monocot_family...)
{ Palmae, family_Palmae, Palmaceae, family_Palmaceae, Arecaceae, family_Arecaceae, palm_family, monocot_family,@ order_Palmales,#m (chiefly tropical trees and shrubs and vines usually having a tall columnar trunk bearing a crown of very large leaves; coextensive with the order Palmales) }
{ palm, palm_tree, tree,@ family_Palmae,#m (any plant of the family Palmae having an unbranched trunk crowned by large pinnate or palmate leaves) }
{ sago_palm1, palm_tree,@ (any of various tropical Asian palm trees the trunks of which yield sago) }
{ feather_palm, palm,@ (palm having pinnate or featherlike leaves) }
{ fan_palm, palm,@ (palm having palmate or fan-shaped leaves) }
{ palmetto, fan_palm,@ (any of several low-growing palms with fan-shaped leaves) }

{ Acrocomia, genus_Acrocomia, monocot_genus,@ family_Palmae,#m (Central and South American feather palms) }
{ coyol, coyol_palm, Acrocomia_vinifera, feather_palm,@ genus_Acrocomia,#m (tropical American palm having edible nuts and yielding a useful fiber) }
{ grugru, gri-gri, grugru_palm, macamba, Acrocomia_aculeata, feather_palm,@ (tropical American feather palm having a swollen spiny trunk and edible nuts) }

{ genus_Areca, monocot_genus,@ family_Palmae,#m (a monocotyledonous genus of palm trees) }
{ areca, feather_palm,@ genus_Areca,#m (any of several tall tropical palms native to southeastern Asia having egg-shaped nuts) }
{ betel_palm, Areca_palm, Areca_catechu, areca,@ (southeastern Asian palm bearing betel nuts (scarlet or orange single-seeded fruit with a fibrous husk)) }
{ Arenga, genus_Arenga, plant_genus,@ family_Palmae,#m (a genus of tropical Asian and Malaysian palm trees) }
{ sugar_palm, gomuti, gomuti_palm, Arenga_pinnata, sago_palm1,@ genus_Arenga,#m (Malaysian feather palm with base densely clothed with fibers; yields a sweet sap used in wine and trunk pith yields sago) }

{ Attalea, genus_Attalea, monocot_genus,@ family_Palmae,#m (unarmed feather palms of central and northern South America) }
{ piassava_palm, pissaba_palm, Bahia_piassava, bahia_coquilla, Attalea_funifera, feather_palm,@ genus_Attalea,#m (Brazilian palm yielding fibers used in making ropes, mats, and brushes) }
{ coquilla_nut, seed,@ piassava_palm,#p (nut having a hard hazel-brown shell used like vegetable ivory) }

{ Borassus, genus_Borassus, monocot_genus,@ family_Palmae,#m (palmyra) }
{ palmyra, palmyra_palm, toddy_palm, wine_palm1, lontar, longar_palm, Borassus_flabellifer, fan_palm,@ genus_Borassus,#m (tall fan palm of Africa and India and Malaysia yielding a hard wood and sweet sap that is a source of palm wine and sugar; leaves used for thatching and weaving) }
{ bassine, noun.substance:fiber,@ palmyra_palm,#s (coarse leaf fiber from palmyra palms used in making brushes and brooms) }

{ genus_Calamus, monocot_genus,@ family_Palmae,#m (distinctive often spiny-stemmed palms found as climbers in tropical and subtropical forest) }
{ calamus, palm,@ genus_Calamus,#m (any tropical Asian palm of the genus Calamus; light tough stems are a source of rattan canes) }
{ rattan1, rattan_palm, Calamus_rotang, calamus,@ (climbing palm of Sri Lanka and southern India remarkable for the great length of the stems which are used for malacca canes) }
{ lawyer_cane, Calamus_australis, calamus,@ (tall scrambling spiny palm of northeastern Queensland, Australia) }

{ Caryota, genus_Caryota, monocot_genus,@ family_Palmae,#m (fishtail palms) }
{ fishtail_palm, palm_tree,@ genus_Caryota,#m (attractive East Indian palm having distinctive bipinnate foliage) }
{ wine_palm2, jaggery_palm, kitul, kittul, kitul_tree, toddy_palm1, Caryota_urens, sago_palm1,@ (fishtail palm of India to Malay Peninsula; sap yields a brown sugar (jaggery) and trunk pith yields sago) }

{ Ceroxylon, genus_Ceroxylon, monocot_genus,@ family_Palmae,#m (wax palms) }
{ wax_palm1, Ceroxylon_andicola, Ceroxylon_alpinum, feather_palm,@ genus_Ceroxylon,#m (palm of the Andes yielding a resinous wax which is mixed with tallow to make candles) }

{ Cocos, genus_Cocos, monocot_genus,@ family_Palmae,#m (coconut palms) }
{ coconut1, coconut_palm, coco_palm, coco, cocoa_palm, coconut_tree, Cocos_nucifera, palm_tree,@ genus_Cocos,#m (tall palm tree bearing coconuts as fruits; widely planted throughout the tropics) }
{ coir, noun.substance:fiber,@ (stiff coarse fiber from the outer husk of a coconut) } (==check: coconut,#s)

{ Copernicia, genus_Copernicia, monocot_genus,@ family_Palmae,#m (slow-growing tropical fan palms) }
{ carnauba, carnauba_palm, wax_palm2, Copernicia_prunifera, Copernicia_cerifera, fan_palm,@ genus_Copernicia,#m (Brazilian fan palm having an edible root; source of a useful leaf fiber and a brittle yellowish wax) }
{ carnauba_wax, carnauba2, noun.substance:wax,@ carnauba_palm,#s (hard yellowish to brownish wax from leaves of the carnauba palm used especially in floor waxes and polishes) }
{ caranday, caranda, caranda_palm, wax_palm3, Copernicia_australis, Copernicia_alba, fan_palm,@ genus_Copernicia,#m (South American palm yielding a wax similar to carnauba wax) }

{ genus_Corozo, monocot_genus,@ family_Palmae,#m (a monocotyledonous genus of tropical American palm trees) }
{ corozo, corozo_palm, palm_tree,@ genus_Corozo,#m (any of several tropical American palms bearing corozo nuts) }
{ Corypha, genus_Corypha, monocot_genus,@ family_Palmae,#m (large fan palms of tropical Asia to Australia) }
{ gebang_palm, Corypha_utan, Corypha_gebanga, fan_palm,@ genus_Corypha,#m (large-leaved palm of Malay to Philippines and northern Australia; leaves used for thatching or plaiting into containers) }
{ latanier, latanier_palm, fan_palm,@ genus_Phoenicophorium,#m (fan palms of the southern United States and the Caribbean region) }
{ talipot, talipot_palm, Corypha_umbraculifera, fan_palm,@ genus_Corypha,#m (tall palm of southern India and Sri Lanka with gigantic leaves used as umbrellas and fans or cut into strips for writing paper) }

{ Elaeis, genus_Elaeis, monocot_genus,@ family_Palmae,#m (oil palms) }
{ oil_palm, feather_palm,@ genus_Elaeis,#m (pinnate-leaved palms of the genus Elaeis having dense clusters of crowded flowers and bright red fruit and yielding high quality palm oils) }
{ African_oil_palm, Elaeis_guineensis, oil_palm,@ (oil palm of Africa) }
{ American_oil_palm, Elaeis_oleifera, oil_palm,@ (palm of Central and South America) }
{ palm_nut, palm_kernel, nut,@ oil_palm,#p (seed of any oil palm) }

{ Euterpe, genus_Euterpe, monocot_genus,@ family_Palmae,#m (a monocotyledonous genus of graceful palm trees in tropical America) }
{ cabbage_palm2, Euterpe_oleracea, palm_tree,@ genus_Euterpe,#m (Brazilian palm of genus Euterpe whose leaf buds are eaten like cabbage when young) }
{ Livistona, genus_Livistona, plant_genus,@ family_Palmae,#m (fan palms of Asia and Australia and Malaysia) }
{ cabbage_palm3, cabbage_tree1, Livistona_australis, palm_tree,@ genus_Livistona,#m (Australian palm with leaf buds that are edible when young) }

{ Metroxylon, genus_Metroxylon, monocot_genus,@ family_Palmae,#m (a genus of Malayan pinnate-leaved palm trees that flower and fruit once and then die) }
{ true_sago_palm, Metroxylon_sagu, sago_palm1,@ (Malaysian palm whose pithy trunk yields sago--a starch used as a food thickener and fabric stiffener; Malaya to Fiji) }

{ Nipa, genus_Nipa, Nypa, genus_Nypa, monocot_genus,@ family_Palmae,#m (monotypic genus of palms of Australasia) }
{ nipa_palm, Nipa_fruticans, palm_tree,@ genus_Nipa,#m (any creeping semiaquatic feather palm of the genus Nipa found in mangrove swamps and tidal estuaries; its sap is used for a liquor; leaves are used for thatch; fruit has edible seeds) }

{ Orbignya, genus_Orbignya, monocot_genus,@ family_Palmae,#m (palms of southern Mexico to northern South America: babassu palm) }
{ babassu, babassu_palm, coco_de_macao, Orbignya_phalerata, Orbignya_spesiosa, Orbignya_martiana, feather_palm,@ genus_Orbignya,#m (tall feather palm of northern Brazil with hard-shelled nuts yielding valuable oil and a kind of vegetable ivory) }
{ babassu_nut, seed,@ babassu_palm,#p (hard-shelled nut of the babassu palm) }
{ babassu_oil, babacu_oil, noun.substance:oil,@ babassu_nut,#s (fatty oil from kernels of babassu nuts similar to coconut oil) }
{ cohune_palm, Orbignya_cohune, cohune, feather_palm,@ genus_Orbignya,#m (tropical American feather palm whose large nuts yield valuable oil and a kind of vegetable ivory) }
{ cohune_nut, seed,@ cohune_palm,#p (nut of the cohune palm having hard white shells like those of ivory nuts) }
{ cohune-nut_oil, cohune_oil, cohune_fat, noun.substance:oil,@ cohune_nut,#s (semisolid fat from nuts of the cohune palm; used in cooking and soap making) }

{ phoenicophorium, genus_Phoenicophorium, monocot_genus,@ family_Palmae,#m (latanier palm) }
(==)

{ phoenix, genus_Phoenix, monocot_genus,@ family_Palmae,#m (a large monocotyledonous genus of pinnate-leaved palms found in Asia and Africa) }
{ date_palm, Phoenix_dactylifera, feather_palm,@ (tall tropical feather palm tree native to Syria bearing sweet edible fruit) }
{ phytelephas, genus_Phytelephas, plant_genus,@ family_Palmae,#m (small genus of South American feather palms) }
{ ivory_palm, ivory-nut_palm, ivory_plant, Phytelephas_macrocarpa, feather_palm,@ genus_Phytelephas,#m (a stemless palm tree of Brazil and Peru bearing ivory nuts) }
{ ivory_nut, vegetable_ivory, apple_nut, seed,@ ivory_palm,#p (nutlike seed of a South American palm; the hard white shell takes a high polish and is used for e.g. buttons) }

{ Raffia, genus_Raffia, Raphia, genus_Raphia, monocot_genus,@ family_Palmae,#m (feather palm of tropical Africa and Madagascar and Central and South America widely grown for commercial purposes) }
{ raffia_palm, Raffia_farinifera, Raffia_ruffia, palm,@ genus_Raffia,#m (a large feather palm of Africa and Madagascar having very long pinnatisect fronds yielding a strong commercially important fiber from its leafstalks) }
{ raffia2, noun.substance:fiber,@ raffia_palm,#s (fiber of a raffia palm used as light cordage and in making hats and baskets) }
{ jupati, jupaty, jupati_palm, Raffia_taedigera, raffia_palm,@ (a tall Brazilian feather palm with a terminal crown of very large leathery pinnatisect leaves rising from long strong stems used for structural purposes) }
{ bamboo_palm1, Raffia_vinifera, raffia_palm,@ (a palm of the genus Raffia) }

{ Rhapis, genus_Rhapis, monocot_genus,@ family_Palmae,#m (genus of small clump-forming fan palms of China and Japan) }
{ lady_palm, palm_tree,@ genus_Rhapis,#m (any of several small palms of the genus Rhapis; cultivated as houseplants) }
{ miniature_fan_palm, bamboo_palm2, fern_rhapis, Rhapis_excelsa, lady_palm,@ (small graceful palm with reedlike stems and leaf bases clothed with loose coarse fibers) }
{ reed_rhapis, slender_lady_palm, Rhapis_humilis, lady_palm,@ (Chinese lady palm with more slender stems and finer sheath fibers than Rhapis excelsa) }


{ Roystonea, genus_Roystonea, monocot_genus,@ family_Palmae,#m (a monocotyledonous genus of West Indian feather palms) }
{ royal_palm, Roystonea_regia, palm,@ genus_Roystonea,#m (tall feather palm of southern Florida and Cuba) }
{ cabbage_palm1, Roystonea_oleracea, palm_tree,@ genus_Roystonea,#m (West Indian palm with leaf buds that are edible when young) }

{ Sabal, genus_Sabal, monocot_genus,@ family_Palmae,#m (American dwarf fan palms) }
{ cabbage_palmetto, cabbage_palm4, Sabal_palmetto, palmetto,@ genus_Sabal,#m (low-growing fan-leaved palm of coastal southern United States having edible leaf buds) }
{ Serenoa, genus_Serenoa, monocot_genus,@ family_Palmae,#m (one species: saw palmetto) }
{ saw_palmetto, scrub_palmetto, Serenoa_repens, fan_palm,@ genus_Serenoa,#m (small hardy clump-forming spiny palm of southern United States) }

{ Thrinax, genus_Thrinax, monocot_genus,@ family_Palmae,#m (small to medium-sized fan palms) }
{ thatch_palm, thatch_tree, silver_thatch1, broom_palm, Thrinax_parviflora, fan_palm,@ genus_Thrinax,#m (small palm of southern Florida and West Indies closely resembling the silvertop palmetto) }
{ key_palm, silvertop_palmetto, silver_thatch2, Thrinax_microcarpa, Thrinax_morrisii, Thrinax_keyensis, fan_palm,@ genus_Thrinax,#m (small stocky fan palm of southern Florida and Cuba) }

{ Plantaginales, order_Plantaginales, plant_order,@ class_Dicotyledones,#m (coextensive with the family Plantaginaceae) }
{ Plantaginaceae, family_Plantaginaceae, plantain_family, dicot_family,@ order_Plantaginales,#m (cosmopolitan family of small herbs and a few shrubs; most are troublesome weeds) }
{ Plantago, genus_Plantago, dicot_genus,@ family_Plantaginaceae,#m (type genus of the family Plantaginaceae; large cosmopolitan genus of mostly small herbs) }
{ plantain1, herb,@ genus_Plantago,#m (any of numerous plants of the genus Plantago; mostly small roadside or dooryard weeds with elliptic leaves and small spikes of very small flowers; seeds of some used medicinally) }
{ English_plantain, narrow-leaved_plantain, ribgrass, ribwort, ripple-grass, buckthorn3, Plantago_lanceolata, plantain1,@ (an Old World plantain with long narrow ribbed leaves widely established in temperate regions) }
{ broad-leaved_plantain1, common_plantain, white-man's_foot, whiteman's_foot, cart-track_plant, Plantago_major, plantain1,@ (common European perennial naturalized worldwide; a troublesome weed) }
{ hoary_plantain1, Plantago_media, plantain1,@ (widely distributed Old World perennial naturalized in North America having finely hairy leaves and inconspicuous white fragrant flowers) }
{ fleawort, psyllium, Spanish_psyllium, Plantago_psyllium, plantain1,@ (plantain of Mediterranean regions whose seeds swell and become gelatinous when moist and are used as a mild laxative) }
{ rugel's_plantain, broad-leaved_plantain2, Plantago_rugelii, plantain1,@ (North American plantain having reddish leafstalks and broad leaves) }
{ hoary_plantain2, Plantago_virginica, plantain1,@ (North American annual or biennial with long soft hairs on the leaves) }

(==)
{ Polygonales, order_Polygonales, plant_order,@ class_Dicotyledones,#m (coextensive with the family Polygonaceae,) }
{ Polygonaceae, family_Polygonaceae, buckwheat_family, dicot_family,@ order_Polygonales,#m (a family of plants of order Polygonales chiefly of the north temperate zone; includes the buckwheats) }
{ Polygonum, genus_Polygonum, dicot_genus,@ family_Polygonaceae,#m (diverse genus of herbs or woody subshrubs of north temperate regions) }
{ silver_lace_vine, China_fleece_vine, Russian_vine, Polygonum_aubertii, vine,@ genus_Polygonum,#m (twining perennial vine having racemes of fragrant greenish flowers; western China to Russia) }
{ Fagopyrum, genus_Fagopyrum, dicot_genus,@ family_Polygonaceae,#m (buckwheat; in some classifications included in the genus Polygonum) }
{ buckwheat, Polygonum_fagopyrum, Fagopyrum_esculentum, herb,@ genus_Polygonum,#m (a member of the genus Fagopyrum; annual Asian plant with clusters of small pinkish white flowers and small edible triangular seeds which are used whole or ground into flour) }
{ prince's-feather1, princess_feather, kiss-me-over-the-garden-gate, prince's-plume2, Polygonum_orientale, subshrub,@ genus_Polygonum,#m (annual with broadly ovate leaves and slender drooping spikes of crimson flowers; southeastern Asia and Australia; naturalized in North America) }

{ genus_Eriogonum, dicot_genus,@ family_Polygonaceae,#m (North American herbs of the buckwheat family) }
{ eriogonum, subshrub,@ genus_Eriogonum,#m (any plant of the genus Eriogonum with small clustered flowers) }
{ umbrella_plant2, Eriogonum_allenii, eriogonum,@ (late blooming perennial plant of shale barrens of Virginia having flowers in flat-topped clusters) }
{ wild_buckwheat, California_buckwheat, Erigonum_fasciculatum, eriogonum,@ (low-growing shrub with spreading branches and flowers in loose heads; desert regions of western United States (California to Utah)) }
{ Rheum, genus_Rheum, dicot_genus,@ family_Polygonaceae,#m (rhubarb) }
{ rhubarb, rhubarb_plant, herb,@ genus_Rheum,#m (plants having long green or reddish acidic leafstalks growing in basal clumps; stems (and only the stems) are edible when cooked; leaves are poisonous) }
{ Himalayan_rhubarb, Indian_rhubarb1, red-veined_pie_plant, Rheum_australe, Rheum_emodi, rhubarb,@ genus_Rheum,#m (Asian herb (Himalayas)) }
{ pie_plant, garden_rhubarb, Rheum_cultorum, Rheum_rhabarbarum, Rheum_rhaponticum, rhubarb,@ (long cultivated hybrid of Rheum palmatum; stems often cooked in pies or as sauce or preserves) }
{ Chinese_rhubarb, Rheum_palmatum, rhubarb,@ (long used for laxative properties) }
{ Rumex, genus_Rumex, dicot_genus,@ family_Polygonaceae,#m (docks: coarse herbs and shrubs mainly native to north temperate regions) }
{ dock, sorrel1, sour_grass, herbaceous_plant,@ genus_Rumex,#m (any of certain coarse weedy plants with long taproots, sometimes used as table greens or in folk medicine) }
{ sour_dock, garden_sorrel1, Rumex_acetosa, dock,@ (European sorrel with large slightly acidic sagittate leaves grown throughout north temperate zone for salad and spring greens) }
{ sheep_sorrel, sheep's_sorrel, Rumex_acetosella, dock,@ (small plant having pleasantly acid-tasting arrow-shaped leaves; common in dry places) }
{ bitter_dock, broad-leaved_dock, yellow_dock, Rumex_obtusifolius, dock,@ (European dock with broad obtuse leaves and bitter rootstock common as a weed in North America) }
{ French_sorrel, garden_sorrel2, Rumex_scutatus, dock,@ (low perennial with small silvery-green ovate to hastate leaves) }

{ Xyridales, order_Xyridales, Commelinales, order_Commelinales, plant_order,@ subclass_Commelinidae,#m (an order of monocotyledonous herbs) }
(==commelinid_monocot_family...)
{ Xyridaceae, family_Xyridaceae, yellow-eyed_grass_family, monocot_family,@ order_Xyridales,#m (plants of tropical to temperate regions; usually in wet places) }
{ Xyris, genus_Xyris, monocot_genus,@ family_Xyridaceae,#m (chiefly American marsh plants, having usually yellow flowers) }
{ yellow-eyed_grass, marsh_plant,@ genus_Xyris,#m (any of several rushlike plants, especially of the pine barrens of southern United States) }
{ tall_yellow-eye, Xyris_operculata, yellow-eyed_grass,@ (of Australia) }

(==)
{ Commelinaceae, family_Commelinaceae, spiderwort_family, monocot_family,@ order_Xyridales,#m (large widely distributed family of chiefly perennial herbs or climbers: spiderworts) }
{ genus_Commelina, monocot_genus,@ family_Commelinaceae,#m (type genus of the Commelinaceae; large genus of herbs of branching or creeping habit: day flower; widow's tears) }
{ commelina, flower,@ genus_Commelina,#m (any plant of the genus Commelina) }
{ spiderwort, dayflower2, herb,@ family_Commelinaceae,#m (any plant of the family Commelinaceae) }
(==)
{ St.-Bruno's-lily, Paradisea_liliastrum, spiderwort,@ (a variety of spiderwort) }
(==)
{ Tradescantia, genus_Tradescantia, monocot_genus,@ family_Commelinaceae,#m (spiderworts) }
( { wandering_Jew, Commelinaceae,@ (any of several related creeping or trailing plants of tropical America; especially Tradescantia fluminensis and Zebrina endula) } )

{ Bromeliaceae, family_Bromeliaceae, pineapple_family, monocot_family,@ order_Xyridales,#m (a family of tropical American plants of order Xyridales including several (as the pineapple) of economic importance) }
(==? some carnivorous plants)
{ Ananas, genus_Ananas, monocot_genus,@ family_Bromeliaceae,#m (a genus of tropical American plants have sword-shaped leaves and a fleshy compound fruits composed of the fruits of several flowers (such as pineapples)) }
{ pineapple, pineapple_plant, Ananas_comosus, herb,@ genus_Ananas,#m (a tropical American plant bearing a large fleshy edible fruit with a terminal tuft of stiff leaves; widely cultivated in the tropics) }
{ Bromelia, monocot_genus,@ family_Bromeliaceae,#m (the type genus of the family Bromeliaceae which includes tropical American plants with deeply cleft calyx) }
(==?)
{ Tillandsia, genus_Tillandsia, monocot_genus,@ family_Bromeliaceae,#m (large genus of epiphytic or terrestrial sparse-rooting tropical plants usually forming dense clumps or pendant masses) }
{ Spanish_moss, old_man's_beard, black_moss, long_moss, Tillandsia_usneoides, epiphytic_plant,@ genus_Tillandsia,#m (dense festoons of greenish-grey hairlike flexuous strands anchored to tree trunks and branches by sparse wiry roots; southeastern United States and West Indies to South America) }

{ Mayacaceae, family_Mayacaceae, monocot_family,@ order_Xyridales,#m (a monocotyledonous family of bog plants of order Xyridales) }
{ Mayaca, genus_Mayaca, monocot_genus,@ family_Mayacaceae,#m (small genus of delicate mossy bog plants having white or violet flowers) }

{ Rapateaceae, family_Rapateaceae, monocot_family,@ order_Xyridales,#m (South American herbs somewhat resembling members of the Juncaceae) }

{ Eriocaulaceae, family_Eriocaulaceae, pipewort_family, monocot_family,@ order_Xyridales,#m (chiefly tropical aquatic or bog herbs: pipeworts) }
{ Eriocaulon, genus_Eriocaulon, monocot_genus,@ family_Eriocaulaceae,#m (type genus of the Eriocaulaceae: rushlike aquatic or marginal perennials usually found in shallow waters of acid lakes and pools and bogs) }
{ pipewort, Eriocaulon_aquaticum, aquatic_plant,@ genus_Eriocaulon,#m (aquatic perennial of North America and Ireland and Hebrides having translucent green leaves in a basal spiral and dense buttonlike racemes of minute white flowers) }

{ Pontederiaceae, family_Pontederiaceae, pickerelweed_family, monocot_family,@ order_Xyridales,#m (aquatic or bog plants) }
{ Pontederia, genus_Pontederia, monocot_genus,@ family_Pontederiaceae,#m (pickerelweed) }
{ pickerelweed, pickerel_weed, wampee, Pontederia_cordata, aquatic_plant,@ genus_Pontederia,#m (American plant having spikes of blue flowers and growing in shallow water of streams and ponds) }
{ Eichhornia, genus_Eichhornia, monocot_genus,@ family_Pontederiaceae,#m (water hyacinth; water orchid) }
{ water_hyacinth, water_orchid, Eichhornia_crassipes, Eichhornia_spesiosa, aquatic_plant,@ genus_Eichhornia,#m (a tropical floating aquatic plant having spikes of large blue flowers; troublesome in clogging waterways especially in southern United States) }
{ Heteranthera, genus_Heteranthera, monocot_genus,@ family_Pontederiaceae,#m (mud plantains) }
{ water_star_grass, mud_plantain, Heteranthera_dubia, aquatic_plant,@ genus_Heteranthera,#m (grassy-leaved North American aquatic plant with yellow star-shaped blossoms) }

(==check monocot family and genus throughout)
{ Naiadales, order_Naiadales, Alismales, order_Alismales, plant_order,@ class_Monocotyledonae,#m (an order of aquatic monocotyledonous herbaceous plants) }

{ Naiadaceae, family_Naiadaceae, Najadaceae, family_Najadaceae, naiad_family, monocot_family,@ order_Naiadales,#m (monotypic family of aquatic plants having narrow leaves and small flowers) }
{ Naias, genus_Naias, Najas, genus_Najas, monocot_genus,@ family_Naiadaceae,#m (sole genus of the family Naiadaceae) }
{ naiad, water_nymph1, aquatic_plant,@ genus_Naias,#m (submerged aquatic plant having narrow leaves and small flowers; of fresh or brackish water) }

(==not complete)
{ Alismataceae, family_Alismataceae, water-plantain_family, monocot_family,@ order_Naiadales,#m (perennial or annual aquatic or marsh plants) }
{ Alisma, genus_Alisma, monocot_genus,@ family_Alismataceae,#m (small genus of aquatic or semiaquatic plants) }
{ water_plantain, Alisma_plantago-aquatica, marsh_plant,@ genus_Alisma,#m (marsh plant having clusters of small white or pinkish flowers and broad pointed or rounded leaves) }
{ Sagittaria, genus_Sagittaria, monocot_genus,@ family_Alismataceae,#m (genus of aquatic herbs of temperate and tropical regions having sagittate or hastate leaves and white scapose flowers) }
(==)
{ common_arrowhead, Sagittaria,@ (a weed) }

(==not in WIII)
{ ribbon-leaved_water_plantain, water_plantain,@ (a variety of water plantain) }
{ narrow-leaved_water_plantain, water_plantain,@ (a variety of water plantain) }

{ Hydrocharitaceae, family_Hydrocharitaceae, Hydrocharidaceae, family_Hydrocharidaceae, frogbit_family, frog's-bit_family, monocot_family,@ order_Naiadales,#m (simple nearly stemless freshwater aquatic plants; widely distributed) }
{ Hydrocharis, genus_Hydrocharis, monocot_genus,@ family_Hydrocharitaceae,#m (frogbit) }
{ frogbit, frog's-bit, Hydrocharis_morsus-ranae, aquatic_plant,@ genus_Hydrocharis,#m (European floating plant with roundish heart-shaped leaves and white flowers) }
{ genus_Hydrilla, monocot_genus,@ family_Hydrocharitaceae,#m (one species) }
{ hydrilla, Hydrilla_verticillata, aquatic_plant,@ genus_Hydrilla,#m (submersed plant with whorled lanceolate leaves and solitary axillary flowers; Old World plant naturalized in southern United States and clogging Florida's waterways) }
{ Limnobium, genus_Limnobium, monocot_genus,@ family_Hydrocharitaceae,#m (American frogbit) }
{ American_frogbit, Limnodium_spongia, aquatic_plant,@ genus_Limnobium,#m (American plant with roundish heart-shaped or kidney-shaped leaves; usually rooted in muddy bottoms of ponds and ditches) }
{ Elodea, genus_Elodea, pondweed2, ditchmoss, monocot_genus,@ family_Hydrocharitaceae,#m (submerged freshwater perennials) }
{ waterweed, aquatic_plant,@ genus_Elodea,#m (a weedy aquatic plant of genus Elodea) }
{ Canadian_pondweed, Elodea_canadensis, waterweed,@ (North American waterweed; widely naturalized in Europe) }
{ dense-leaved_elodea, Elodea_densa, Egeria_densa, waterweed,@ (aquatic plant with deep green foliage useful to oxygenate an aquarium; sometimes placed in genus Egeria) }
{ Egeria, genus_Egeria, monocot_genus,@ family_Hydrocharitaceae,#m (small genus of dioecious tropical aquatic plants) }
{ Vallisneria, genus_Vallisneria, monocot_genus,@ family_Hydrocharitaceae,#m (eelgrass; eel grass) }
{ tape_grass, eelgrass2, wild_celery1, Vallisneria_spiralis, aquatic_plant,@ genus_Vallisneria,#m (submerged aquatic plant with ribbonlike leaves; Old World and Australia) }

{ Potamogetonaceae, family_Potamogetonaceae, pondweed_family, monocot_family,@ order_Naiadales,#m (plants that grow in ponds and slow streams; sometimes includes family Zosteraceae) }
{ pondweed1, aquatic_plant,@ family_Potamogetonaceae,#m (any of several submerged or floating freshwater perennial aquatic weeds belonging to the family Potamogetonaceae) }
{ Potamogeton, genus_Potamogeton, monocot_genus,@ family_Potamogetonaceae,#m (a large genus of aquatic herbs found in quiet waters in temperate regions; leaves usually float on the water) }
{ curled_leaf_pondweed, curly_pondweed, Potamogeton_crispus, pondweed1,@ genus_Potamogeton,#m (European herb naturalized in the eastern United States and California) }
{ variously-leaved_pondweed, Potamogeton_gramineous, pondweed1,@ genus_Potamogeton,#m (of Europe (except the Mediterranean area) and the northern United States) }
{ loddon_pondweed, Potamogeton_nodosus, Potamogeton_americanus, pondweed1,@ genus_Potamogeton,#m (pondweed with floating leaves; of northern United States and Europe) }
{ Groenlandia, genus_Groenlandia, monocot_genus,@ family_Potamogetonaceae,#m (a monocotyledonous genus of the family Potamogetonaceae) }
{ frog's_lettuce, pondweed1,@ genus_Groenlandia,#m (very similar to Potamogeton; of western Africa, Asia, and Europe) }

{ Scheuchzeriaceae, family_Scheuchzeriaceae, Juncaginaceae, family_Juncaginaceae, arrow-grass_family, monocot_family,@ order_Naiadales,#m (a family of monocotyledonous bog herbs of order Naiadales) }
{ Triglochin, genus_Triglochin, monocot_genus,@ family_Juncaginaceae,#m (perennial or annual bog or marsh plants; includes arrow grass) }
{ arrow_grass, Triglochin_maritima, marsh_plant,@ genus_Triglochin,#m (tufted perennial found in shallow water or marshland; sometimes poisons livestock) }

{ Zannichelliaceae, family_Zannichelliaceae, monocot_family,@ order_Naiadales,#m (alternative classification for some genera included in Potamogetonaceae; one species) }
{ Zannichellia, genus_Zannichellia, monocot_genus,@ family_Zannichelliaceae,#m (horned pondweed: completely submerged herbs; in some classifications included in Potamogetonaceae) }
{ horned_pondweed, Zannichellia_palustris, pondweed1,@ (found in still or slow-moving fresh or brackish water; useful to oxygenate cool water ponds and aquaria) }

{ Zosteraceae, family_Zosteraceae, eelgrass_family, monocot_family,@ order_Naiadales,#m (used in some classifications: essentially equivalent to Potamogetonaceae) }
{ Zostera, genus_Zostera, monocot_genus,@ family_Potamogetonaceae,#m ((or in some classifications family Zosteraceae) small genus of widely distributed marine plants) }
{ eelgrass1, grass_wrack, sea_wrack2, Zostera_marina, aquatic_plant,@ genus_Zostera,#m (submerged marine plant with very long narrow leaves found in abundance along North Atlantic coasts) }

(==rosid)
{ Rosales, order_Rosales, plant_order,@ subclass_Rosidae,#m (in some classifications this category does not include Leguminosae) }
{ [ Rosaceae, adj.pert:rosaceous,+ ] family_Rosaceae, rose_family, rosid_dicot_family,@ order_Rosales,#m (a large family of dicotyledonous plants of order Rosales; have alternate leaves and five-petaled flowers with numerous stamens) }
{ Rosa, genus_Rosa, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Rosaceae,#m (large genus of erect or climbing prickly shrubs including roses) }
{ rose, rosebush, shrub,@ genus_Rosa,#m (any of many shrubs of the genus Rosa that bear roses) }
{ hip, rose_hip, rosehip, fruit,@ rose,#p (the fruit of a rose plant) }
{ mountain_rose, Rosa_pendulina, rose,@ (European alpine rose with crimson flowers) }
{ ground_rose, Rosa_spithamaea, rose,@ (low-growing bristly shrub of southern Oregon and California with creeping rootstocks and usually corymbose flowers) }
{ banksia_rose, Rosa_banksia, rose,@ (Chinese evergreen climbing rose with yellow or white single flowers) }
{ dog_rose, Rosa_canina, rose,@ (prickly wild rose with delicate pink or white scentless flowers; native to Europe) }
{ China_rose2, Bengal_rose, Rosa_chinensis, rose,@ (shrubby Chinese rose; ancestor of many cultivated garden roses) }
{ damask_rose, summer_damask_rose, Rosa_damascena, rose,@ (large hardy very fragrant pink rose; cultivated in Asia Minor as source of attar of roses; parent of many hybrids) }
{ sweetbrier, sweetbriar, brier3, briar3, eglantine, Rosa_eglanteria, rose,@ (Eurasian rose with prickly stems and fragrant leaves and bright pink flowers followed by scarlet hips) }
{ brier4, brierpatch, brier_patch, noun.group:vegetation,@ (tangled mass of prickly plants) }
{ Cherokee_rose, Rosa_laevigata, rose,@ (Chinese climbing rose with fragrant white blossoms) }
{ multiflora, multiflora_rose, Japanese_rose, baby_rose, Rosa_multiflora, rose,@ (vigorously growing rose having clusters of numerous small flowers; used for hedges and as grafting stock) }
{ musk_rose, Rosa_moschata, rose,@ (rose native to Mediterranean region having curved or climbing branches and loose clusters of musky-scented flowers) }
{ tea_rose, Rosa_odorata, rose,@ (any of several hybrid bush roses derived from a tea-scented Chinese rose with pink or yellow flowers) }

{ genus_Agrimonia, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Rosaceae,#m (genus of herbs found chiefly in north temperate regions having pinnate leaves and yellow flowers followed by bristly fruit) }
{ agrimonia, agrimony, herb,@ genus_Agrimonia,#m (a plant of the genus Agrimonia having spikelike clusters of small yellow flowers) }
{ harvest-lice, Agrimonia_eupatoria, agrimony,@ (erect perennial Old World herb of dry grassy habitats) }
{ fragrant_agrimony, Agrimonia_procera, agrimony,@ (fragrant European perennial herb found at woodland margins on moist soils) }

{ Amelanchier, genus_Amelanchier, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Rosaceae,#m (North American deciduous trees or shrubs) }
{ Juneberry, serviceberry, service_tree2, shadbush, shadblow, shrub,@ genus_Amelanchier,#m (any of various North American trees or shrubs having showy white flowers and edible blue-black or purplish fruit) }
{ alderleaf_Juneberry, alder-leaved_serviceberry, Amelanchier_alnifolia, Juneberry,@ (shrub or small tree of northwestern North America having fragrant creamy white flowers and small waxy purple-red fruits) }
{ Bartram_Juneberry, Amelanchier_bartramiana, Juneberry,@ (open-growing shrub of eastern North America having pure white flowers and small waxy almost black fruits) }

{ Chaenomeles, genus_Chaenomeles, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Rosaceae,#m (flowering quince) }
{ flowering_quince, shrub,@ genus_Chaenomeles,#m (Asiatic ornamental shrub with spiny branches and pink or red blossoms) }
{ japonica1, maule's_quince, Chaenomeles_japonica, flowering_quince,@ (deciduous thorny shrub native to Japan having red blossoms) }
{ Japanese_quince, Chaenomeles_speciosa, flowering_quince,@ (deciduous thorny shrub native to China having red or white blossoms) }
{ Chrysobalanus, genus_Chrysobalanus, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Rosaceae,#m (coco plums) }
{ coco_plum, coco_plum_tree, cocoa_plum, icaco, Chrysobalanus_icaco, fruit_tree,@ genus_Chrysobalanus,#m (small tropical American tree bearing edible plumlike fruit) }

{ genus_Cotoneaster, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Rosaceae,#m (genus of deciduous or evergreen Old World shrubs widely cultivated) }
{ cotoneaster, shrub,@ genus_Cotoneaster,#m (any shrub of the genus Cotoneaster: erect or creeping shrubs having richly colored autumn foliage and many small white to pinkish flowers followed by tiny red or black fruits) }
{ Cotoneaster_dammeri, cotoneaster,@ (climbing evergreen shrub with white flowers and red berries; often used as ground cover) }
{ Cotoneaster_horizontalis, cotoneaster,@ (deciduous flat-growing shrub with a fanned herringbone pattern and having reddish flowers and orange-red berries; used as a ground cover) }

(++genus complete)
{ Crataegus, genus_Crataegus, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Rosaceae,#m (thorny shrubs and small trees: hawthorn; thorn; thorn apple) }
{ hawthorn, haw, shrub,@ genus_Crataegus,#m (a spring-flowering shrub or small tree of the genus Crataegus) }
{ parsley_haw, parsley-leaved_thorn, Crataegus_apiifolia, Crataegus_marshallii, hawthorn,@ genus_Crataegus,#m (southern United States hawthorn with pinnately lobed leaves) }
{ scarlet_haw, Crataegus_biltmoreana, hawthorn,@ genus_Crataegus,#m (common shrub or small tree of the eastern United States having few thorns and white flowers in corymbs followed by bright orange-red berries) }
{ blackthorn1, pear_haw, pear_hawthorn, Crataegus_calpodendron, Crataegus_tomentosa, hawthorn,@ genus_Crataegus,#m (erect and almost thornless American hawthorn with somewhat pear-shaped berries) }
{ cockspur_thorn, cockspur_hawthorn, Crataegus_crus-galli, hawthorn,@ genus_Crataegus,#m (eastern United States hawthorn with long straight thorns) }
{ mayhaw, summer_haw, Crataegus_aestivalis, hawthorn,@ genus_Crataegus,#m (hawthorn of southern United States bearing a juicy, acidic, scarlet fruit that is often used in jellies or preserves) }
{ whitethorn, English_hawthorn1, may, Crataegus_laevigata, Crataegus_oxycantha, hawthorn,@ genus_Crataegus,#m (thorny Eurasian shrub of small tree having dense clusters of white to scarlet flowers followed by deep red berries; established as an escape in eastern North America) }
{ English_hawthorn2, Crataegus_monogyna, hawthorn,@ genus_Crataegus,#m (European hawthorn having deeply cleft leaves and bright red fruits; widely cultivated in many varieties and often grown as impenetrable hedges; established as an escape in eastern North America) }
{ red_haw1, downy_haw, Crataegus_mollis, Crataegus_coccinea_mollis, hawthorn,@ genus_Crataegus,#m (American red-fruited hawthorn with stems and leaves densely covered with short woolly hairs) }
{ evergreen_thorn, Crataegus_oxyacantha, hawthorn,@ (evergreen hawthorn of southeastern Europe) }
{ red_haw2, Crataegus_pedicellata, Crataegus_coccinea, hawthorn,@ (American red-fruited hawthorn with dense corymbs of pink-red flowers) }

{ Cydonia, genus_Cydonia, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Rosaceae,#m (quince) }
{ quince, quince_bush, Cydonia_oblonga, fruit_tree,@ genus_Cydonia,#m (small Asian tree with pinkish flowers and pear-shaped fruit; widely cultivated) }

{ Dryas, genus_Dryas, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Rosaceae,#m (mountain avens) }
{ mountain_avens, Dryas_octopetala, subshrub,@ genus_Dryas,#m (creeping evergreen shrub with large white flowers; widely distributed in northern portions of Eurasia and North America) }

{ Eriobotrya, genus_Eriobotrya, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Rosaceae,#m (Asiatic evergreen fruit trees) }
{ loquat, loquat_tree, Japanese_medlar, Japanese_plum2, Eriobotrya_japonica, fruit_tree,@ genus_Eriobotrya,#m (evergreen tree of warm regions having fuzzy yellow olive-sized fruit with a large free stone; native to China and Japan) }

{ Fragaria, genus_Fragaria, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Rosaceae,#m (strawberries) }
{ strawberry, herbaceous_plant,@ genus_Fragaria,#m (any of various low perennial herbs with many runners and bearing white flowers followed by edible fruits having many small achenes scattered on the surface of an enlarged red pulpy berry) }
{ garden_strawberry, cultivated_strawberry, Fragaria_ananassa, strawberry,@ genus_Fragaria,#m (widely cultivated) }
{ wild_strawberry, wood_strawberry, Fragaria_vesca, strawberry,@ genus_Fragaria,#m (Europe) }
{ beach_strawberry, Chilean_strawberry, Fragaria_chiloensis, strawberry,@ genus_Fragaria,#m (wild strawberry of western United States and South America; source of many varieties of cultivated strawberries) }
{ Virginia_strawberry, scarlet_strawberry, Fragaria_virginiana, strawberry,@ genus_Fragaria,#m (North American wild strawberry with sweet scarlet fruit; a source of many cultivated strawberries) }

{ Geum, genus_Geum, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Rosaceae,#m (avens) }
{ avens, subshrub,@ genus_Geum,#m (any of various perennials of the genus Geum having usually pinnate basal leaves and variously colored flowers) }
{ yellow_avens1, Geum_alleppicum_strictum, Geum_strictum, avens,@ (erect subshrub with deep yellow flowers; Europe and Asia and North America) }
{ bennet1, white_avens1, Geum_canadense, avens,@ (North American white-flowered avens) }
{ yellow_avens2, Geum_macrophyllum, avens,@ (hairy yellow-flowered plant of eastern Asia and North America) }
{ water_avens, Indian_chocolate, purple_avens1, chocolate_root, Geum_rivale, avens,@ (erect perennial of north temperate zone having pinnate leaves and a few nodding flowers with a brown-purple calyx and orange and pink petals) }
{ prairie_smoke, purple_avens2, Geum_triflorum, avens,@ (North American perennial with hairy basal pinnate leaves and purple flowers and plume-tipped fruits) }
{ herb_bennet, cloveroot, clover-root, wood_avens, Geum_urbanum, avens,@ (hairy Eurasian plant with small yellow flowers and an astringent root formerly used medicinally) }
{ bennet2, white_avens2, Geum_virginianum, avens,@ (avens of Virginia having pale or greenish yellow flowers) }

{ Heteromeles, genus_Heteromeles, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Rosaceae,#m (one species: toyon; in some classifications included in genus Photinia) }
{ toyon, tollon, Christmasberry1, Christmas_berry1, Heteromeles_arbutifolia, Photinia_arbutifolia, shrub,@ genus_Heteromeles,#m (ornamental evergreen treelike shrub of the Pacific coast of the United States having large white flowers and red berrylike fruits; often placed in genus Photinia) }

{ Malus, genus_Malus, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Rosaceae,#m (apple trees; found throughout temperate zones of the northern hemisphere) }
{ apple_tree, fruit_tree,@ genus_Malus,#m (any tree of the genus Malus especially those bearing firm rounded edible fruits) }
{ applewood, fruitwood,@ apple_tree,#s (wood of any of various apple trees of the genus Malus) }
{ apple, orchard_apple_tree, Malus_pumila, apple_tree,@ genus_Malus,#m (native Eurasian tree widely cultivated in many varieties for its firm rounded edible fruits) }
{ wild_apple, crab_apple1, crabapple1, apple_tree,@ (any of numerous wild apple trees usually with small acidic fruit) }
{ crab_apple2, crabapple2, cultivated_crab_apple, apple_tree,@ (any of numerous varieties of crab apples cultivated for their small acidic (usually bright red) fruit used for preserves or as ornamentals for their blossoms) }
{ Siberian_crab, Siberian_crab_apple, cherry_apple, cherry_crab, Malus_baccata, crab_apple2,@ genus_Malus,#m (Asian wild crab apple cultivated in many varieties for it small acid usually red fruit used for preserving) }
{ wild_crab, Malus_sylvestris, wild_apple,@ genus_Malus,#m (wild crab apple native to Europe; a chief ancestor of cultivated apples) }
{ American_crab_apple, garland_crab, Malus_coronaria, wild_apple,@ genus_Malus,#m (medium-sized tree of the eastern United States having pink blossoms and small yellow fruit) }
{ Oregon_crab_apple, Malus_fusca, wild_apple,@ (small tree or shrub of western United States having white blossoms and tiny yellow or red fruit) }
{ Southern_crab_apple, flowering_crab1, Malus_angustifolia, crab_apple2,@ (small tree or shrub of southeastern United States; cultivated as an ornamental for its rose-colored blossoms) }
{ Iowa_crab, Iowa_crab_apple, prairie_crab, western_crab_apple, Malus_ioensis, wild_apple,@ (wild crab apple of western United States with fragrant pink flowers) }
{ Bechtel_crab, flowering_crab2, Iowa_crab,@ (derived from the Iowa crab and cultivated for its large double pink blossoms) }

{ Mespilus, genus_Mespilus, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Rosaceae,#m (medlars) }
{ medlar1, medlar_tree, Mespilus_germanica, fruit_tree,@ genus_Mespilus,#m (small deciduous Eurasian tree cultivated for its fruit that resemble crab apples) }

{ Photinia, genus_Photinia, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Rosaceae,#m (genus of deciduous and evergreen east Asian trees and shrubs widely cultivated as ornamentals for their white flowers and red fruits; in some classifications includes genus Heteromeles) }

{ Potentilla, genus_Potentilla, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Rosaceae,#m (chiefly perennial northern hemisphere herbs and shrubs: cinquefoil) }
{ cinquefoil, five-finger, shrub,@ genus_Potentilla,#m (any of a numerous plants grown for their five-petaled flowers; abundant in temperate regions; alleged to have medicinal properties) }
{ silverweed2, goose-tansy, goose_grass, Potentilla_anserina, cinquefoil,@ (low-growing perennial having leaves silvery beneath; northern United States; Europe; Asia) }

{ Poterium, genus_Poterium, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Rosaceae,#m (a genus of thorny herbs or shrubs of the family Rosaceae) }
{ salad_burnet, burnet_bloodwort, pimpernel2, Poterium_sanguisorba, herb,@ genus_Poterium,#m (European garden herb with purple-tinged flowers and leaves that are sometimes used for salads) }

{ Prunus, genus_Prunus, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Rosaceae,#m (a genus of shrubs and trees of the family Rosaceae that is widely distributed in temperate regions) }
{ plum, plum_tree, fruit_tree,@ genus_Prunus,#m (any of several trees producing edible oval fruit having a smooth skin and a single hard stone) }
{ wild_plum, wild_plum_tree, plum_tree,@ (an uncultivated plum tree or shrub) }
{ Allegheny_plum, Alleghany_plum, sloe2, Prunus_alleghaniensis, wild_plum,@ (wild plum of northeastern United States having dark purple fruits with yellow flesh) }
{ American_red_plum, August_plum, goose_plum, Prunus_americana, wild_plum,@ (wild plum trees of eastern and central North America having red-orange fruit with yellow flesh) }
{ chickasaw_plum, hog_plum1, hog_plum_bush, Prunus_angustifolia, wild_plum,@ (small native American shrubby tree bearing small edible yellow to reddish fruit) }
{ beach_plum, beach_plum_bush, Prunus_maritima, wild_plum,@ (seacoast shrub of northeastern North America having showy white blossoms and edible purple fruit) }
{ common_plum, Prunus_domestica, plum_tree,@ (any of various widely distributed plums grown in the cooler temperate areas) }
{ bullace, Prunus_insititia, plum_tree,@ (small wild or half-domesticated Eurasian plum bearing small ovoid fruit in clusters) }
{ damson_plum, damson_plum_tree, Prunus_domestica_insititia, bullace,@ (plum tree long cultivated for its edible fruit) }
{ big-tree_plum, Prunus_mexicana, plum_tree,@ (small tree of southwestern United States having purplish-red fruit sometimes cultivated as an ornamental for its large leaves) }
{ Canada_plum, Prunus_nigra, plum_tree,@ (small tree native to northeastern North America having oblong orange-red fruit) }
{ plumcot, plumcot_tree, fruit_tree,@ genus_Prunus,#m (hybrid produced by crossing Prunus domestica and Prunus armeniaca) }
{ apricot, apricot_tree, fruit_tree,@ genus_Prunus,#m (Asian tree having clusters of usually white blossoms and edible fruit resembling the peach) }
{ Japanese_apricot, mei, Prunus_mume, apricot_tree,@ (Japanese ornamental tree with fragrant white or pink blossoms and small yellow fruits) }
{ common_apricot, Prunus_armeniaca, apricot,@ genus_Prunus,#m (temperate zone tree bearing downy yellow to rosy fruits) }
{ purple_apricot, black_apricot, Prunus_dasycarpa, apricot,@ genus_Prunus,#m (small hybrid apricot of Asia and Asia Minor having purplish twigs and white flowers following by inferior purple fruit) }
{ cherry, cherry_tree, fruit_tree,@ genus_Prunus,#m (any of numerous trees and shrubs producing a small fleshy round fruit with a single hard stone; many also produce a valuable hardwood) }
{ cherry2, noun.substance:wood,@ cherry_tree,#s (wood of any of various cherry trees especially the black cherry) }
{ wild_cherry, wild_cherry_tree, cherry,@ (an uncultivated cherry tree) }
{ wild_cherry2, fruit,@ wild_cherry_tree,#p (the fruit of the wild cherry tree) }
{ sweet_cherry, Prunus_avium, cherry_tree,@ (large Eurasian tree producing small dark bitter fruit in the wild but edible sweet fruit under cultivation) }
{ heart_cherry, oxheart, oxheart_cherry, sweet_cherry,@ (any of several cultivated sweet cherries having sweet juicy heart-shaped fruits) }
{ gean, mazzard, mazzard_cherry, sweet_cherry,@ (wild or seedling sweet cherry used as stock for grafting) }
{ Western_sand_cherry, Rocky_Mountains_cherry, Prunus_besseyi, subshrub,@ genus_Prunus,#m (dwarf ornamental shrub of western United States having large black to red and yellow sweet edible fruit) }
{ capulin, capulin_tree, Prunus_capuli, cherry_tree,@ (Mexican black cherry tree having edible fruit) }
{ cherry_laurel2, laurel_cherry2, mock_orange4, wild_orange1, Prunus_caroliniana, flowering_tree,@ genus_Prunus,#m (small flowering evergreen tree of southern United States) }
{ cherry_plum, myrobalan, myrobalan_plum, Prunus_cerasifera, plum_tree,@ (small Asiatic tree bearing edible red or yellow fruit) }
{ sour_cherry1, sour_cherry_tree1, Prunus_cerasus, cherry_tree,@ (rather small Eurasian tree producing red to black acid edible fruit) }
{ amarelle, Prunus_cerasus_caproniana, sour_cherry1,@ (any of several cultivated sour cherry trees bearing pale red fruit with colorless juice) }
{ morello, Prunus_cerasus_austera, sour_cherry1,@ (any of several cultivated sour cherry trees bearing fruit with dark skin and juice) }
{ marasca, marasca_cherry, maraschino_cherry, Prunus_cerasus_marasca, sour_cherry1,@ (Dalmatian bitter wild cherry tree bearing fruit whose juice is made into maraschino liqueur) }
{ marasca2, fruit,@ marasca_cherry,#p noun.food:maraschino2,#s (small bitter fruit of the marasca cherry tree from whose juice maraschino liqueur is made) }

{ Amygdalaceae, family_Amygdalaceae, dicot_family,@ family_Rosaceae,#m (used in former classifications for plum and peach and almond trees which are now usually classified as members of the genus Prunus) }
{ Amygdalus, genus_Amygdalus, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Amygdalaceae,#m (used in former classifications for peach and almond trees which are now included in genus Prunus) }
{ almond_tree, fruit_tree,@ genus_Prunus,#m (any of several small bushy trees having pink or white blossoms and usually bearing nuts) }
{ almond, sweet_almond, Prunus_dulcis, Prunus_amygdalus, Amygdalus_communis, almond_tree,@ (small bushy deciduous tree native to Asia and North Africa having pretty pink blossoms and highly prized edible nuts enclosed in a hard green hull; cultivated in southern Australia and California) }
{ bitter_almond, Prunus_dulcis_amara, Amygdalus_communis_amara, almond_tree,@ (almond trees having white blossoms and poisonous nuts yielding an oil used for flavoring and for medicinal purposes) }
{ almond_oil, expressed_almond_oil, sweet_almond_oil, noun.substance:oil,@ (pale yellow fatty oil expressed from sweet or bitter almonds) }
{ bitter_almond_oil, noun.substance:essential_oil,@ (pale yellow essential oil obtained from bitter almonds by distillation from almond cake or meal) }
{ jordan_almond, sweet_almond,@ (variety of large almond from Malaga, Spain; used in confectionery) }
{ dwarf_flowering_almond, Prunus_glandulosa, almond_tree,@ (small Chinese shrub with smooth unfurrowed dark red fruit grown especially for its red or pink or white flowers) }
{ holly-leaved_cherry, holly-leaf_cherry, evergreen_cherry, islay, Prunus_ilicifolia, wild_plum,@ (California evergreen wild plum with spiny leathery leaves and white flowers) }
{ fuji, fuji_cherry, Prunus_incisa, flowering_cherry,@ (shrubby Japanese cherry tree having pale pink blossoms) }
{ flowering_almond1, oriental_bush_cherry, Prunus_japonica, almond_tree,@ (woody oriental plant with smooth unfurrowed red fruit grown especially for its white or pale pink blossoms) }
{ cherry_laurel1, laurel_cherry1, Prunus_laurocerasus, shrub,@ genus_Prunus,#m (frequently cultivated Eurasian evergreen shrub or small tree having showy clusters of white flowers and glossy foliage and yielding oil similar to bitter almond oil) }
{ Catalina_cherry, Prunus_lyonii, cherry_tree,@ (evergreen shrub or small tree found on Catalina Island (California)) }
{ bird_cherry, bird_cherry_tree, wild_cherry_tree,@ (any of several small-fruited cherry trees frequented or fed on by birds) }
{ hagberry_tree, European_bird_cherry, common_bird_cherry, Prunus_padus, bird_cherry_tree,@ genus_Prunus,#m (small European cherry tree closely resembling the American chokecherry) }
{ hagberry, fruit,@ hagberry_tree,#p (small cherry much liked by birds) }
{ pin_cherry, Prunus_pensylvanica, bird_cherry_tree,@ (small shrubby North American wild cherry with small bright red acid fruit) }
{ peach, peach_tree, Prunus_persica, fruit_tree,@ genus_Prunus,#m (cultivated in temperate regions) }
{ nectarine, nectarine_tree, Prunus_persica_nectarina, fruit_tree,@ genus_Prunus,#m (variety or mutation of the peach bearing fruit with smooth skin and (usually) yellow flesh) }
{ sand_cherry, Prunus_pumila, Prunus_pumilla_susquehanae, Prunus_susquehanae, Prunus_cuneata, shrub,@ genus_Prunus,#m (small straggling American cherry growing on sandy soil and having minute scarcely edible purplish-black fruit) }
{ Japanese_plum1, Prunus_salicina, plum_tree,@ (small tree of China and Japan bearing large yellow to red plums usually somewhat inferior to European plums in flavor) }
{ black_cherry, black_cherry_tree, rum_cherry, Prunus_serotina, wild_cherry_tree,@ (large North American wild cherry with round black sour edible fruit) }
{ flowering_cherry, cherry_tree,@ (any of several shrubs or trees of the genus Prunus cultivated for their showy white or pink single or double blossoms) }
{ oriental_cherry, Japanese_cherry, Japanese_flowering_cherry1, Prunus_serrulata, flowering_cherry,@ (ornamental tree with inedible fruits widely cultivated in many varieties for its white blossoms) }
{ Japanese_flowering_cherry2, Prunus_sieboldii, flowering_cherry,@ (ornamental tree with inedible fruit widely cultivated in many varieties for its pink blossoms) }
{ blackthorn2, sloe1, Prunus_spinosa, bush,@ genus_Prunus,#m (a thorny Eurasian bush with plumlike fruits) }
{ Sierra_plum, Pacific_plum, Prunus_subcordata, plum_tree,@ (shrub of the Pacific coast of the United States bearing small red insipid fruit) }
{ rosebud_cherry, winter_flowering_cherry, Prunus_subhirtella, flowering_cherry,@ (shrub or tree native to Japan cultivated as an ornamental for its rose-pink flowers) }
{ Russian_almond, dwarf_Russian_almond, Prunus_tenella, almond_tree,@ (Asiatic shrub cultivated for its rosy red flowers) }
{ flowering_almond2, Prunus_triloba, almond_tree,@ (deciduous Chinese shrub or small tree with often trilobed leaves grown for its pink-white flowers) }
{ chokecherry, chokecherry_tree, Prunus_virginiana, cherry_tree,@ genus_Prunus,#m (a common wild cherry of eastern North America having small bitter black berries favored by birds) }
{ chokecherry2, fruit,@ chokecherry_tree,#p (the fruit of the chokecherry tree) }
{ western_chokecherry, Prunus_virginiana_demissa, Prunus_demissa, chokecherry,@ (chokecherry of western United States) }
{ genus_Pyracantha, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Rosaceae,#m (Eurasian evergreen thorny shrubs bearing red or orange-red berries) }
{ Pyracantha, pyracanth, fire_thorn, firethorn, shrub,@ genus_Pyracantha,#m (any of various thorny shrubs of the genus Pyracantha bearing small white flowers followed by hard red or orange-red berries) }
{ Pyrus, genus_Pyrus, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Rosaceae,#m (fruit trees native to the Old World: pears) }
{ pear, pear_tree, Pyrus_communis, fruit_tree,@ genus_Pyrus,#m (Old World tree having sweet gritty-textured juicy fruit; widely cultivated in many varieties) }
{ fruit_tree, flowering_tree,@ (tree bearing edible fruit) }
{ fruitwood, noun.substance:wood,@ fruit_tree,#s (wood of various fruit trees (as apple or cherry or pear) used especially in cabinetwork) }

{ Rubus, genus_Rubus, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Rosaceae,#m (large genus of brambles bearing berries) }
{ bramble_bush, bramble2,@ genus_Rubus,#m (any prickly shrub of the genus Rubus bearing edible aggregate fruits) }
{ lawyerbush, lawyer_bush, bush_lawyer, Rubus_cissoides, Rubus_australis, bramble_bush,@ (stout-stemmed trailing shrub of New Zealand that scrambles over other growth) }
{ stone_bramble, Rubus_saxatilis, bramble_bush,@ (European trailing bramble with red berrylike fruits) }
{ blackberry, blackberry_bush, bramble_bush,@ (bramble with sweet edible black or dark purple berries that usually do not separate from the receptacle) }
{ true_blackberry, Rubus_fruticosus, blackberry_bush,@ (the true blackberry of Europe as well as any of numerous varieties having sweet edible black or dark purple berries) }
{ sand_blackberry, Rubus_cuneifolius, blackberry_bush,@ (stiff shrubby blackberry of the eastern United States (Connecticut to Florida)) }
{ dewberry, dewberry_bush, running_blackberry, blackberry_bush,@ genus_Rubus,#m (any of several trailing blackberry brambles especially of North America) }
{ western_blackberry, western_dewberry, Rubus_ursinus, blackberry_bush,@ (American blackberry with oblong black fruit) }
{ boysenberry, boysenberry_bush, western_blackberry,@ (cultivated hybrid bramble of California having large dark wine-red fruit with a flavor resembling raspberries) }
{ loganberry, Rubus_loganobaccus, Rubus_ursinus_loganobaccus, western_blackberry,@ (red-fruited bramble native from Oregon to Baja California) }
{ American_dewberry1, Rubus_canadensis, dewberry_bush,@ (North American dewberry) }
{ Northern_dewberry, American_dewberry2, Rubus_flagellaris, dewberry_bush,@ (of eastern North America) }
{ Southern_dewberry, Rubus_trivialis, dewberry_bush,@ (of southern North America) }
{ swamp_dewberry, swamp_blackberry, Rubus_hispidus, dewberry_bush,@ (of eastern North America) }
{ European_dewberry, Rubus_caesius, dewberry_bush,@ (creeping European bramble bearing dewberries) }
{ raspberry, raspberry_bush, bramble_bush,@ (woody brambles bearing usually red but sometimes black or yellow fruits that separate from the receptacle when ripe and are rounder and smaller than blackberries) }
{ red_raspberry, raspberry_bush,@ (any of several raspberries bearing red fruit) }
{ wild_raspberry, European_raspberry, framboise, Rubus_idaeus, red_raspberry,@ (the common European raspberry; fruit red or orange) }
{ American_raspberry, Rubus_strigosus, Rubus_idaeus_strigosus, red_raspberry,@ (red raspberry of North America) }
{ black_raspberry, blackcap, blackcap_raspberry, thimbleberry1, Rubus_occidentalis, raspberry_bush,@ (raspberry native to eastern North America having black thimble-shaped fruit) }
{ salmonberry1, Rubus_spectabilis, raspberry_bush,@ (large erect red-flowered raspberry of western North America having large pinkish-orange berries) }
{ salmonberry2, salmon_berry, thimbleberry2, Rubus_parviflorus, raspberry_bush,@ (white-flowered raspberry of western North America and northern Mexico with thimble-shaped orange berries) }
{ cloudberry, dwarf_mulberry, bakeapple, baked-apple_berry, salmonberry3, Rubus_chamaemorus, raspberry_bush,@ (creeping raspberry of north temperate regions with yellow or orange berries) }
{ flowering_raspberry, purple-flowering_raspberry, Rubus_odoratus, thimbleberry3, raspberry_bush,@ (shrubby raspberry of eastern North America having showy rose to purplish flowers and red or orange thimble-shaped fruit) }
{ wineberry1, Rubus_phoenicolasius, raspberry_bush,@ (raspberry of China and Japan having pale pink flowers grown for ornament and for the small red acid fruits) }

{ Sorbus, genus_Sorbus, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Rosaceae,#m (a genus of shrubs or trees of the family Rosaceae having feathery leaves) }
{ mountain_ash1, angiospermous_tree,@ genus_Sorbus,#m (any of various trees of the genus Sorbus) }
{ rowan, rowan_tree, European_mountain_ash, Sorbus_aucuparia, mountain_ash1,@ (Eurasian tree with orange-red berrylike fruits) }
{ rowanberry, fruit,@ rowan,#p (decorative red berrylike fruit of a rowan tree) }
{ American_mountain_ash, Sorbus_americana, mountain_ash1,@ (a variety of mountain ash) }
{ Western_mountain_ash, Sorbus_sitchensis, mountain_ash1,@ (an ash of the western coast of North America) }
{ service_tree1, sorb_apple, sorb_apple_tree, Sorbus_domestica, mountain_ash1,@ (medium-sized European tree resembling the rowan but bearing edible fruit) }
{ wild_service_tree, Sorbus_torminalis, service_tree1,@ (European tree bearing edible small speckled brown fruit) }

{ Spiraea, genus_Spiraea, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Rosaceae,#m (a dicotyledonous genus of the family Rosaceae) }
{ spirea1, spiraea1, shrub,@ genus_Spiraea,#m (any rosaceous plant of the genus Spiraea; has sprays of small white or pink flowers) }
{ bridal_wreath1, bridal-wreath1, Saint_Peter's_wreath, St._Peter's_wreath, Spiraea_prunifolia, spirea1,@ (shrub having copious small white flowers in spring) }

{ Rubiales, order_Rubiales, plant_order,@ subclass_Asteridae,#m (an order of dicotyledonous plants of the subclass Asteridae; have opposite leaves and an inferior compound ovary) }

{ Rubiaceae, family_Rubiaceae, madder_family, asterid_dicot_family,@ order_Rubiales,#m (widely distributed family of mostly tropical trees and shrubs and herbs; includes coffee and chinchona and gardenia and madder and bedstraws and partridgeberry) }
{ madderwort, rubiaceous_plant, flowering_plant,@ family_Rubiaceae,#m (any of numerous trees or shrubs or vines of the family Rubiaceae) }
{ Rubia, genus_Rubia, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Rubiaceae,#m (type genus of the Rubiaceae; Old World herbs and subshrubs grown for their medicinal properties and for dye substances extracted from their roots) }
{ Indian_madder, munjeet, Rubia_cordifolia, madderwort,@ genus_Rubia,#m (perennial East Indian creeping or climbing herb used for dye in the orient) }
{ [ madder, verb.change:madder,+ ] Rubia_tinctorum, madderwort,@ (Eurasian herb having small yellow flowers and red roots formerly an important source of the dye alizarin) }

{ Asperula, genus_Asperula, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Rubiaceae,#m (woodruff) }
{ woodruff1, subshrub,@ genus_Asperula,#m (any plant of the genus Asperula) }
{ dyer's_woodruff, Asperula_tinctoria, woodruff1,@ (creeping European perennial having red or pinkish-white flowers and red roots sometimes used as a substitute for madder in dyeing) }

{ Calycophyllum, genus_Calycophyllum, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Rubiaceae,#m (medium to large tropical American trees having shiny reddish-brown shredding bark) }
{ dagame, lemonwood_tree1, Calycophyllum_candidissimum, tree,@ genus_Calycophyllum,#m (source of a tough elastic wood) }
{ Chiococca, genus_Chiococca, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Rubiaceae,#m (shrubs of tropical and subtropical New World) }
{ blolly, West_Indian_snowberry, Chiococca_alba, shrub,@ genus_Chiococca,#m (evergreen climbing shrub of southern Florida and West Indies grown for its racemes of fragrant white to creamy flowers followed by globose white succulent berries) }

{ Coffea, genus_Coffea, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Rubiaceae,#m (coffee trees) }
{ coffee, coffee_tree, tree,@ genus_Coffea,#m (any of several small trees and shrubs native to the tropical Old World yielding coffee beans) }
{ Arabian_coffee, Coffea_arabica, coffee_tree,@ (shrubby tree of northeastern tropical Africa widely cultivated in tropical or near tropical regions for its seed which form most of the commercial coffee) }
{ Liberian_coffee, Coffea_liberica, coffee_tree,@ (small tree of West Africa) }
{ robusta_coffee, Rio_Nunez_coffee, Coffea_robusta, Coffea_canephora, coffee_tree,@ (native to West Africa but grown in Java and elsewhere; resistant to coffee rust) }

{ genus_Cinchona, genus_Chinchona, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Rubiaceae,#m (large genus of trees of Andean region of South America having medicinal bark) }
{ cinchona, chinchona, tree,@ genus_Cinchona,#m (any of several trees of the genus Cinchona) }
{ Cartagena_bark, Cinchona_cordifolia, Cinchona_lancifolia, cinchona,@ genus_Cinchona,#m (Colombian tree; source of Cartagena bark (a cinchona bark)) }
{ calisaya, Cinchona_officinalis, Cinchona_ledgeriana, Cinchona_calisaya, cinchona,@ genus_Cinchona,#m (Peruvian shrub or small tree having large glossy leaves and cymes of fragrant yellow to green or red flowers; cultivated for its medicinal bark) }
{ cinchona_tree, Cinchona_pubescens, cinchona,@ genus_Cinchona,#m (small tree of Ecuador and Peru having very large glossy leaves and large panicles of fragrant pink flowers; cultivated for its medicinal bark) }
{ cinchona1, cinchona_bark, Peruvian_bark, Jesuit's_bark, bark,@ cinchona,#p (medicinal bark of cinchona trees; source of quinine and quinidine) }

{ Galium, genus_Galium, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Rubiaceae,#m (annual or perennial herbs: bedstraw; cleavers) }
{ bedstraw, herbaceous_plant,@ genus_Galium,#m (any of several plants of the genus Galium) }
{ sweet_woodruff, waldmeister, woodruff2, fragrant_bedstraw, Galium_odoratum, Asperula_odorata, bedstraw,@ noun.food:May_wine,#s (Old World fragrant stoloniferous perennial having small white flowers and narrow leaves used as flavoring and in sachets; widely cultivated as a ground cover; in some classifications placed in genus Asperula) }
{ Northern_bedstraw, Northern_snow_bedstraw, Galium_boreale, bedstraw,@ (North American stoloniferous perennial having white flowers; sometimes used as an ornamental) }
{ yellow_bedstraw, yellow_cleavers, Our_Lady's_bedstraw, Galium_verum, bedstraw,@ (common yellow-flowered perennial bedstraw; North America and Europe and Asia) }
{ wild_licorice3, Galium_lanceolatum, bedstraw,@ (bedstraw with sweetish roots) }
{ cleavers, clivers, goose_grass3, catchweed, spring_cleavers, Galium_aparine, bedstraw,@ (annual having the stem beset with curved prickles; North America and Europe and Asia) }
{ wild_madder1, white_madder, white_bedstraw, infant's-breath, false_baby's_breath, Galium_mollugo, bedstraw,@ (Eurasian herb with ample panicles of small white flowers; naturalized in North America) }

{ genus_Gardenia, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Rubiaceae,#m (large genus of attractive Old World tropical shrubs and small trees) }
{ gardenia, shrub,@ genus_Gardenia,#m (any of various shrubs and small trees of the genus Gardenia having large fragrant white or yellow flowers) }
{ cape_jasmine, cape_jessamine, Gardenia_jasminoides, Gardenia_augusta, gardenia,@ (evergreen shrub widely cultivated for its large fragrant waxlike white flowers and glossy leaves) }

{ genus_Genipa, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Rubiaceae,#m (tropical American evergreen trees or shrubs bearing yellow flowers and succulent edible fruit with a thick rind) }
{ genipa, fruit_tree,@ genus_Genipa,#m (any tree of the genus Genipa bearing yellow flowers and edible fruit with a thick rind) }
{ genipap_fruit, jagua, marmalade_box, Genipa_Americana, genipa,@ genus_Genipa,#m (tree of the West Indies and northern South America bearing succulent edible orange-sized fruit) }

{ genus_Hamelia, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Rubiaceae,#m (evergreen tropical American shrubs or small trees) }
{ hamelia, shrub,@ genus_Hamelia,#m (any of several flowering tropical or subtropical shrubs of the genus Hamelia) }
{ scarlet_bush, scarlet_hamelia, coloradillo, Hamelia_patens, Hamelia_erecta, hamelia,@ (handsome shrub with showy orange to scarlet or crimson flowers; Florida and West Indies to Mexico and Brazil) }

{ Mitchella, genus_Mitchella, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Rubiaceae,#m (creeping evergreen herbs of North America) }
{ partridgeberry, boxberry, twinberry2, Mitchella_repens, vine,@ genus_Mitchella,#m (creeping woody plant of eastern North America with shiny evergreen leaves and scarlet berries) }
{ Nauclea, genus_Nauclea, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Rubiaceae,#m (small genus of evergreen tropical shrubs or trees with smooth leathery leaves) }
{ opepe, Nauclea_diderrichii, Sarcocephalus_diderrichii, tree,@ genus_Nauclea,#m (large African forest tree yielding a strong hard yellow to golden brown lumber; sometimes placed in genus Sarcocephalus) }
{ Pinckneya, genus_Pinckneya, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Rubiaceae,#m (small genus of shrubs or small trees of southeastern United States and northern South America) }
{ fever_tree2, Georgia_bark, bitter-bark, Pinckneya_pubens, shrub,@ genus_Pinckneya,#m (ornamental shrub or small tree of swampy areas in southwestern United States having large pink or white sepals and yielding Georgia bark for treating fever) }
{ Psychotria, genus_Psychotria, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Rubiaceae,#m (tropical chiefly South American shrubs and trees) }
{ lemonwood, lemon-wood, lemonwood_tree, lemon-wood_tree, Psychotria_capensis, tree,@ genus_Psychotria,#m (South African evergreen having hard tough wood) }
{ lemonwood2, noun.substance:wood,@ lemonwood_tree,#p (hard tough elastic wood of the lemonwood tree; used for making bows and fishing rods) }

{ Sarcocephalus, genus_Sarcocephalus, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Rubiaceae,#m (genus of tropical African trees and shrubs) }
{ negro_peach, Sarcocephalus_latifolius, Sarcocephalus_esculentus, shrub,@ genus_Sarcocephalus,#m (a stout spreading or semi-climbing tropical shrub with round brownish-red warty fruit; Africa) }
{ Vangueria, genus_Vangueria, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Rubiaceae,#m (tropical African and Asiatic trees and shrubs having one-seeded fruit) }
{ wild_medlar, wild_medlar_tree, medlar2, Vangueria_infausta, tree,@ genus_Vangueria,#m (small deciduous tree of southern Africa having edible fruit) }
{ Spanish_tamarind, Vangueria_madagascariensis, tree,@ genus_Vangueria,#m (shrubby tree of Madagascar occasionally cultivated for its edible apple-shaped fruit) }

(++)
{ Caprifoliaceae, family_Caprifoliaceae, honeysuckle_family, asterid_dicot_family,@ order_Rubiales,#m (shrubs and small trees and woody vines) }

{ genus_Abelia, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Caprifoliaceae,#m (chiefly east Asian shrubs) }
{ abelia, shrub,@ genus_Abelia,#m (any of various deciduous or evergreen ornamental shrubs of the genus Abelia having opposite simple leaves and cymes of small white or pink or purplish flowers; Asia and Mexico) }

{ Diervilla, genus_Diervilla, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Caprifoliaceae,#m (small genus of low deciduous shrubs: bush honeysuckles) }
{ bush_honeysuckle1, Diervilla_lonicera, shrub,@ genus_Diervilla,#m (spreading bush of northeastern United States having small clusters of fragrant green and yellow flowers) }
{ bush_honeysuckle2, Diervilla_sessilifolia, shrub,@ genus_Diervilla,#m (bush honeysuckle of southeastern United States having large crowded clusters of sulfur-yellow flowers) }

{ Kolkwitzia, genus_Kolkwitzia, asterid_dicot_genus,@ (Chinese genus of 1 species: beauty bush) }
{ beauty_bush, Kolkwitzia_amabilis, shrub,@ genus_Kolkwitzia,#m (Chinese deciduous shrub with yellow-throated pinkish flowers and bristly fruit; often cultivated as an ornamental) }

{ Leycesteria, genus_Leycesteria, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Caprifoliaceae,#m (small species of shrubs of western Himalayas to China) }
{ Himalaya_honeysuckle, Leycesteria_formosa, shrub,@ genus_Leycesteria,#m (shrub honeysuckle with drooping spikes of purplish flowers) }
{ Linnaea, genus_Linnaea, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Caprifoliaceae,#m (one species: twinflower) }
{ twinflower, Linnaea_borealis, subshrub,@ genus_Linnaea,#m (creeping evergreen subshrub of the northern parts of Europe and Asia with delicate fragrant tubular bell-shaped usually pink flowers borne in pairs) }
{ American_twinflower, Linnaea_borealis_americana, twinflower,@ genus_Linnaea,#m (similar to the twinflower of northern Europe and Asia) }

{ Lonicera, genus_Lonicera, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Caprifoliaceae,#m (woodbine) }
{ honeysuckle1, shrub,@ genus_Lonicera,#m (shrub or vine of the genus Lonicera) }
{ white_honeysuckle1, Lonicera_albiflora, honeysuckle1,@ genus_Lonicera,#m (bushy honeysuckle with twining branches and white or yellow-white flowers; southern United States) }
{ American_fly_honeysuckle, fly_honeysuckle, Lonicera_canadensis, honeysuckle1,@ genus_Lonicera,#m (erect deciduous North American shrub with yellow-white flowers) }
{ Italian_honeysuckle, Italian_woodbine, Lonicera_caprifolium, honeysuckle1,@ genus_Lonicera,#m (deciduous climbing shrub with fragrant yellow-white flowers in axillary whorls) }
{ yellow_honeysuckle1, Lonicera_dioica, honeysuckle1,@ genus_Lonicera,#m (twining deciduous shrub with clusters of purple-tinged yellow-green flowers; northeastern America) }
{ yellow_honeysuckle2, Lonicera_flava, honeysuckle1,@ genus_Lonicera,#m (climbing deciduous shrub with fragrant yellow (later orange) flowers in terminal whorls; southeastern United States) }
{ hairy_honeysuckle, Lonicera_hirsuta, honeysuckle1,@ genus_Lonicera,#m (twining deciduous shrub with hairy leaves and spikes of yellow-orange flowers; northeastern America) }
{ twinberry1, Lonicera_involucrata, honeysuckle1,@ genus_Lonicera,#m (shrubby honeysuckle with purple flowers; western North America) }
{ Japanese_honeysuckle, Lonicera_japonica, honeysuckle1,@ genus_Lonicera,#m (an Asiatic trailing evergreen honeysuckle with half-evergreen leaves and fragrant white flowers turning yellow with age; has become a weed in some areas) }
{ Hall's_honeysuckle, Lonicera_japonica_halliana, honeysuckle1,@ genus_Lonicera,#m (a variety of Japanese honeysuckle that grows like a vine; established as an aggressive escape in southeastern United States) }
{ Morrow's_honeysuckle, Lonicera_morrowii, honeysuckle1,@ (a grey deciduous honeysuckle shrub paired white flowers turning yellow; Japan) }
{ woodbine1, Lonicera_periclymenum, honeysuckle1,@ genus_Lonicera,#m (European twining honeysuckle with fragrant red and yellow-white flowers) }
{ trumpet_honeysuckle, coral_honeysuckle, trumpet_flower3, trumpet_vine2, Lonicera_sempervirens, honeysuckle1,@ genus_Lonicera,#m (evergreen North American honeysuckle vine having coral-red or orange flowers) }
{ bush_honeysuckle3, Tartarian_honeysuckle, Lonicera_tatarica, honeysuckle1,@ genus_Lonicera,#m (a honeysuckle shrub of southern Russia to central Asia) }
{ European_fly_honeysuckle, European_honeysuckle, Lonicera_xylosteum, honeysuckle1,@ genus_Lonicera,#m (cultivated Eurasian shrub with twin yellowish-white flowers and scarlet fruit) }

(==not in WIII)
{ swamp_fly_honeysuckle, fly_honeysuckle,@ (a variety of fly honeysuckle) }

{ Symphoricarpos, genus_Symphoricarpos, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Caprifoliaceae,#m (deciduous shrubs of North America and Central America and China) }
{ snowberry2, common_snowberry, waxberry2, Symphoricarpos_alba, poisonous_plant,@ family_Caprifoliaceae,#m (deciduous shrub of western North America having spikes of pink flowers followed by round white berries) }
{ coralberry2, Indian_currant, Symphoricarpos_orbiculatus, shrub,@ genus_Symphoricarpos,#m (North American deciduous shrub cultivated for it abundant clusters of coral-red berrylike fruits) }

{ Sambucus, genus_Sambucus, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Caprifoliaceae,#m (elder; elderberry) }
{ elder, elderberry_bush, shrub,@ genus_Sambucus,#m (any of numerous shrubs or small trees of temperate and subtropical northern hemisphere having white flowers and berrylike fruit) }
{ American_elder, black_elderberry, sweet_elder, Sambucus_canadensis, elder,@ (common elder of central and eastern North America bearing purple-black berries; fruit used in wines and jellies) }
{ blue_elder, blue_elderberry, Sambucus_caerulea, elder,@ genus_Sambucus,#m (shrub or small tree of western United States having white flowers and blue berries; fruit used in wines and jellies) }
{ dwarf_elder1, danewort, Sambucus_ebulus, elder,@ genus_Sambucus,#m (dwarf herbaceous elder of Europe having pink flowers and a nauseous odor) }
{ bourtree, black_elder, common_elder, elderberry, European_elder, Sambucus_nigra, elder,@ (a common shrub with black fruit or a small tree of Europe and Asia; fruit used for wines and jellies) }
{ American_red_elder, red-berried_elder2, stinking_elder, Sambucus_pubens, elder,@ (common North American shrub or small tree) }
{ European_red_elder, red-berried_elder1, Sambucus_racemosa, elder,@ (Eurasian shrub) }

{ Triostium, genus_Triostium, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Caprifoliaceae,#m (genus of Asiatic and North American herbs: feverroot) }
{ feverroot, horse_gentian, tinker's_root, wild_coffee, Triostium_perfoliatum, herb,@ genus_Triostium,#m (coarse weedy American perennial herb with large usually perfoliate leaves and purple or dull red flowers) }

{ Viburnum, genus_Viburnum, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Caprifoliaceae,#m (deciduous or evergreen shrubs or small trees: arrow-wood; wayfaring tree) }
{ cranberry_bush, cranberry_tree1, American_cranberry_bush, highbush_cranberry, Viburnum_trilobum, shrub,@ genus_Viburnum,#m (deciduous North American shrub or small tree having three-lobed leaves and red berries) }
{ wayfaring_tree, twist_wood, twistwood, Viburnum_lantana, shrub,@ genus_Viburnum,#m (vigorous deciduous European treelike shrub common along waysides; red berries turn black) }
{ guelder_rose, European_cranberrybush, European_cranberry_bush, crampbark, cranberry_tree2, Viburnum_opulus, shrub,@ genus_Viburnum,#m (deciduous thicket-forming Old World shrub with clusters of white flowers and small bright red berries) }
{ arrow_wood, southern_arrow_wood, Viburnum_dentatum, shrub,@ genus_Viburnum,#m (deciduous shrub of eastern North America having blue-black berries and tough pliant wood formerly used to make arrows) }
{ arrow_wood2, Viburnum_recognitum, shrub,@ genus_Viburnum,#m (closely related to southern arrow wood; grows in the eastern United States from Maine to Ohio and Georgia) }
{ black_haw1, Viburnum_prunifolium, shrub,@ genus_Viburnum,#m (upright deciduous shrub having frosted dark-blue fruit; east and east central North America) }
{ genus_Weigela, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Caprifoliaceae,#m (east Asian flowering shrubs) }
{ weigela, Weigela_florida, shrub,@ genus_Weigela,#m (deciduous shrub widely cultivated for its white or pink or red flowers) }

(==)
{ Dipsacaceae, family_Dipsacaceae, asterid_dicot_family,@ order_Rubiales,#m (chiefly southern European herbs with flowers usually in dense cymose heads) }
{ Dipsacus, genus_Dipsacus, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Dipsacaceae,#m (type genus of the Dipsacaceae: teasel) }
{ teasel, teazel, teasle, herb,@ genus_Dipsacus,#m (any of several herbs of the genus Dipsacus native to the Old World having flower heads surrounded by spiny bracts) }
{ common_teasel, Dipsacus_fullonum, teasel,@ (teasel with lilac flowers native to Old World but naturalized in North America; dried flower heads used to raise a nap on woolen cloth) }
{ fuller's_teasel, Dipsacus_sativus, teasel,@ (similar to the common teasel and similarly used; widespread in Europe and North Africa and western Asia; naturalized in United States) }
{ wild_teasel, Dipsacus_sylvestris, teasel,@ (European teasel with white to pink flowers; naturalized in United States) }
{ genus_Scabiosa, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Dipsacaceae,#m (annual or perennial herbs or subshrubs; mainly Mediterranean) }
{ scabious, scabiosa, flower,@ genus_Scabiosa,#m (any of various plants of the genus Scabiosa) }
{ sweet_scabious, pincushion_flower, mournful_widow, Scabiosa_atropurpurea, scabious,@ (Old World annual having fragrant purple to deep crimson flower heads; naturalized in United States) }
{ field_scabious, Scabiosa_arvensis, scabious,@ (perennial having bluish-lilac flowers; introduced in the eastern United States) }

{ Balsaminaceae, family_Balsaminaceae, balsam_family, rosid_dicot_family,@ order_Geraniales,#m (distinguished from the family Geraniaceae by the irregular flowers) }
{ genus_Impatiens, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Balsaminaceae,#m (annual or perennial herbs with stems more or less succulent; cosmopolitan except for South America, Australia, and New Zealand) }
{ jewelweed, lady's_earrings, orange_balsam, celandine2, touch-me-not1, Impatiens_capensis, herbaceous_plant,@ genus_Impatiens,#m (North American annual plant with usually yellow or orange flowers; grows chiefly on wet rather acid soil) }

{ Geraniales, order_Geraniales, plant_order,@ subclass_Rosidae,#m (an order of plants of subclass Rosidae including geraniums and many other plants; see Euphorbiaceae; Geraniaceae; Rutaceae; Malpighiaceae; Simaroubaceae; Meliaceae; Zygophyllaceae; Tropaeolaceae) }
{ Geraniaceae, family_Geraniaceae, geranium_family, rosid_dicot_family,@ order_Geraniales,#m (chiefly herbaceous plants) }
{ geranium, herbaceous_plant,@ family_Geraniaceae,#m (any of numerous plants of the family Geraniaceae) }
{ genus_Geranium, plant_genus,@ family_Geraniaceae,#m (genus of mostly North American geraniums: cranesbills) }
{ cranesbill, crane's_bill, geranium,@ genus_Geranium,#m (any of numerous geraniums of the genus Geranium) }
{ wild_geranium, spotted_cranesbill, Geranium_maculatum, cranesbill,@ (common wild geranium of eastern North America with deeply parted leaves and rose-purple flowers) }
{ meadow_cranesbill, Geranium_pratense, cranesbill,@ (tall perennial cranesbill with paired violet-blue axillary flowers; native to northern parts of Old World and naturalized in North America) }
{ Richardson's_geranium, Geranium_richardsonii, cranesbill,@ (geranium of western North America having branched clusters of white or pale pink flowers) }
{ herb_robert, herbs_robert, herb_roberts, Geranium_robertianum, cranesbill,@ (a sticky low herb with small reddish-purple flowers; widespread in the northern hemisphere) }
{ sticky_geranium, Geranium_viscosissimum, cranesbill,@ (geranium of western North America having pinkish-purple flowers in open clusters) }
{ dove's_foot_geranium, Geranium_molle, cranesbill,@ (western geranium with small pink flowers; a common weed on lawns and in vacant lots) }
{ Pelargonium, genus_Pelargonium, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Geraniaceae,#m (geraniums native chiefly to South Africa; widely cultivated) }
{ rose_geranium, sweet-scented_geranium, Pelargonium_graveolens, geranium,@ genus_Pelargonium,#m (any of several southern African geraniums having fragrant three-lobed to five-lobed leaves and pink flowers) }
{ fish_geranium, bedding_geranium, zonal_pelargonium, Pelargonium_hortorum, geranium,@ genus_Pelargonium,#m (an upright geranium having scalloped leaves with a broad color zone inside the margin and white or pink or red flowers) }
{ ivy_geranium, ivy-leaved_geranium, hanging_geranium, Pelargonium_peltatum, geranium,@ genus_Pelargonium,#m (a commonly cultivated trailing South American plant with peltate leaves and rosy flowers) }
{ apple_geranium, nutmeg_geranium, Pelargonium_odoratissimum, geranium,@ genus_Pelargonium,#m (geranium with round fragrant leaves and small white flowers) }
{ lemon_geranium1, Pelargonium_limoneum, geranium,@ genus_Pelargonium,#m (a common garden geranium with lemon-scented foliage) }
{ Erodium, genus_Erodium, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Geraniaceae,#m (geraniums of Europe and South America and Australia especially mountainous regions) }
{ storksbill, heron's_bill, geranium,@ genus_Erodium,#m (any of various plants of the genus Erodium) }
{ redstem_storksbill, alfilaria, alfileria, filaree, filaria, clocks, pin_grass, pin_clover, Erodium_cicutarium, storksbill,@ (European weed naturalized in southwestern United States and Mexico having reddish decumbent stems with small fernlike leaves and small deep reddish-lavender flowers followed by slender fruits that stick straight up; often grown for forage) }
{ musk_clover, muskus_grass, white-stemmed_filaree, Erodium_moschatum, storksbill,@ (low annual European herb naturalized in America; similar to alfilaria) }
{ Texas_storksbill, Erodium_texanum, storksbill,@ (of prairies and desert areas of southwestern United States and Mexico) }

{ Erythroxylaceae, family_Erythroxylaceae, plant_family,@ order_Geraniales,#m (a family of plants of order Geraniales; have drupaceous fruit) }
{ Erythroxylon, genus_Erythroxylon, Erythroxylum, genus_Erythroxylum, plant_genus,@ (a large genus of South American shrubs and small trees of the family Erythroxylaceae) }
{ Erythroxylon_coca, coca, coca_plant, shrub,@ genus_Erythroxylon,#m (a South American shrub whose leaves are chewed by natives of the Andes; a source of cocaine) }
{ Erythroxylon_truxiuense, shrub,@ genus_Erythroxylon,#m (a South American shrub whose leaves are a source of cocaine) }

(++)
{ Burseraceae, family_Burseraceae, torchwood_family, rosid_dicot_family,@ order_Geraniales,#m (resinous or aromatic chiefly tropical shrubs or trees) }
{ incense_tree, tree,@ family_Burseraceae,#m (any of various tropical trees of the family Burseraceae yielding fragrant gums or resins that are burned as incense) }
{ elemi, gum_elemi, noun.substance:gum_resin,@ incense_tree,#s (fragrant resin obtain from trees of the family Burseraceae and used as incense) }
{ Bursera, genus_Bursera, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Burseraceae,#m (type genus of Burseraceae; tropical and subtropical American shrubs and trees some yielding timber and gum elemi) }
{ elephant_tree, Bursera_microphylla, incense_tree,@ genus_Bursera,#m (small tree or shrub of the southwestern United States having a spicy odor and odd-pinnate leaves and small clusters of white flowers) }
{ gumbo-limbo, Bursera_simaruba, incense_tree,@ genus_Bursera,#m (tropical American tree yielding a reddish resin used in cements and varnishes) }
{ Boswellia, genus_Boswellia, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Burseraceae,#m (genus of trees of North Africa and India that yield incense) }
{ Boswellia_carteri, incense_tree,@ genus_Boswellia,#m (tree yielding an aromatic gum resin burned as incense) }
{ salai, Boswellia_serrata, incense_tree,@ genus_Boswellia,#m (East Indian tree yielding a resin used medicinally and burned as incense) }
{ Commiphora, genus_Commiphora, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Burseraceae,#m (genus of East Indian and African trees yielding balsamic products) }
{ balm_of_gilead2, Commiphora_meccanensis, incense_tree,@ genus_Commiphora,#m (small evergreen tree of Africa and Asia; leaves have a strong aromatic odor when bruised) }
{ myrrh_tree, Commiphora_myrrha, incense_tree,@ genus_Commiphora,#m (tree of eastern Africa and Asia yielding myrrh) }
{ myrrh, gum_myrrh, sweet_cicely1, noun.substance:gum_resin,@ myrrh_tree,#s (aromatic resin that is burned as incense and used in perfume) }
{ Protium, genus_Protium, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Burseraceae,#m (genus of chiefly tropical American trees having fragrant wood and yielding gum elemi) }
{ Protium_heptaphyllum, incense_tree,@ genus_Protium,#m (tropical American tree) }
{ Protium_guianense, incense_tree,@ genus_Protium,#m (tropical American tree) }
{ incense_wood, noun.substance:wood,@ incense_tree,#s (fragrant wood of two incense trees of the genus Protium) }


{ Callitrichaceae, family_Callitrichaceae, rosid_dicot_family,@ order_Geraniales,#m (dicot aquatic herbs) }
{ Callitriche, genus_Callitriche, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Callitrichaceae,#m (water starworts) }
{ water_starwort, aquatic_plant,@ genus_Callitriche,#m (any of several aquatic plants having a star-shaped rosette of floating leaves; America, Europe and Asia) }

{ Malpighiaceae, family_Malpighiaceae, rosid_dicot_family,@ order_Geraniales,#m (tropical shrubs or trees) }
{ Malpighia, genus_Malpighia, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Malpighiaceae,#m (type genus of the Malpighiaceae) }
{ jiqui, Malpighia_obovata, dicot,@ genus_Malpighia,#m (Cuban timber tree with hard wood very resistant to moisture) }
{ barbados_cherry, acerola, Surinam_cherry2, West_Indian_cherry, Malpighia_glabra, dicot,@ (tropical American shrub bearing edible acid red fruit resembling cherries) }

{ Meliaceae, family_Meliaceae, mahogany_family, rosid_dicot_family,@ order_Geraniales,#m (tropical trees and shrubs including many important timber and ornamental trees) }
{ mahogany, mahogany_tree, tree,@ family_Meliaceae,#m (any of various tropical timber trees of the family Meliaceae especially the genus Swietinia valued for their hard yellowish- to reddish-brown wood that is readily worked and takes a high polish) }
{ mahogany2, noun.substance:wood,@ mahogany_tree,#s (wood of any of various mahogany trees; much used for cabinetwork and furniture) }
{ Melia, genus_Melia, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Meliaceae,#m (type genus of the Meliaceae: East Indian and Australian deciduous trees with leaves resembling those of the ash) }
{ chinaberry1, chinaberry_tree, China_tree1, Persian_lilac2, pride-of-India, azederach, azedarach, Melia_azederach, Melia_azedarach, tree,@ genus_Melia,#m (tree of northern India and China having purple blossoms and small inedible yellow fruits; naturalized in the southern United States as a shade tree) }
{ Azadirachta, genus_Azadirachta, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Meliaceae,#m (genus of large important East Indian trees: neem trees) }
{ neem, neem_tree, nim_tree, margosa, arishth, Azadirachta_indica, Melia_Azadirachta, tree,@ genus_Azadirachta,#m (large semi-evergreen tree of the East Indies; trunk exudes a tenacious gum; bitter bark used as a tonic; seeds yield an aromatic oil; sometimes placed in genus Melia) }
{ neem_seed, seed,@ neem_tree,#p (seed of neem trees; source of pesticides and fertilizer and medicinal products) }

{ Cedrela, genus_Cedrela, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Meliaceae,#m (tropical American trees) }
{ Spanish_cedar, Spanish_cedar_tree, Cedrela_odorata, mahogany_tree,@ genus_Cedrela,#m (tropical American tree yielding fragrant wood used especially for boxes) }

{ Chloroxylon, genus_Chloroxylon, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Meliaceae,#m (deciduous trees of India and Sri Lanka) }
{ satinwood, satinwood_tree, Chloroxylon_swietenia, tree,@ genus_Chloroxylon,#m (East Indian tree with valuable hard lustrous yellowish wood) }
{ satinwood2, noun.substance:wood,@ satinwood_tree,#s (hard yellowish wood of a satinwood tree having a satiny luster; used for fine cabinetwork and tools) }

{ Entandrophragma, genus_Entandrophragma, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Meliaceae,#m (cedar mahogany trees) }
{ African_scented_mahogany, cedar_mahogany, sapele_mahogany, Entandrophragma_cylindricum, mahogany_tree,@ genus_Entandrophragma,#m (African tree having rather lightweight cedar-scented wood varying in color from pink to reddish brown) }

{ Flindersia, genus_Flindersia, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Meliaceae,#m (small genus of Australian timber trees) }
{ silver_ash, tree,@ genus_Flindersia,#m (any of various timber trees of the genus Flindersia) }
{ native_beech, flindosa, flindosy, Flindersia_australis, silver_ash,@ (tall Australian timber tree yielding tough hard wood used for staves etc) }
{ bunji-bunji, Flindersia_schottiana, silver_ash,@ (Australian timber tree whose bark yields a poison) }

{ Khaya, genus_Khaya, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Meliaceae,#m (African mahogany trees) }
{ African_mahogany, mahogany_tree,@ genus_Khaya,#m (African tree having hard heavy odorless wood) }

{ genus_Lansium, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Meliaceae,#m (a dicotyledonous genus of the family Meliaceae) }
{ lanseh_tree, langsat, langset, Lansium_domesticum, tree,@ genus_Lansium,#m (East Indian tree bearing an edible yellow berry) }

{ Lovoa, genus_Lovoa, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Meliaceae,#m (genus of African timber trees) }
{ African_walnut, Lovoa_klaineana, tree,@ genus_Lovoa,#m (tropical African timber tree with wood that resembles mahogany) }

{ Swietinia, genus_Swietinia, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Meliaceae,#m (tropical American mahogany trees) }
{ true_mahogany, Cuban_mahogany, Dominican_mahogany, Swietinia_mahogani, mahogany_tree,@ genus_Swietinia,#m (mahogany tree of West Indies) }
{ Honduras_mahogany, Swietinia_macrophylla, mahogany_tree,@ (an important Central American mahogany tree) }

{ Toona, genus_Toona, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Meliaceae,#m (formerly included in genus Cedrela) }
{ Philippine_mahogany1, Philippine_cedar, kalantas, Toona_calantas, Cedrela_calantas, mahogany_tree,@ genus_Toona,#m (Philippine timber tree having hard red fragrant wood) }
{ Philippine_mahogany2, mahogany2,@ (red hardwood of the Philippine mahogany tree used for cigar boxes and interior finish) }
{ cigar-box_cedar, mahogany2,@ Spanish_cedar_tree,#s (fragrant wood much used for cigar boxes) }

{ genus_Turreae, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Meliaceae,#m (genus of trees and shrubs of tropical Africa and Asia and Australia) }
{ turreae, tree,@ genus_Turreae,#m (any of numerous trees and shrubs grown for their beautiful glossy foliage and sweetly fragrant starry flowers) }

{ Lepidobotryaceae, family_Lepidobotryaceae, rosid_dicot_family,@ order_Geraniales,#m (family created in 1950 solely for the classification of a distinctive African tree repeatedly classified in other families; trees long believed to exist only in Africa) }
{ genus_Lepidobotrys, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Lepidobotryaceae,#m (a genus of dicotyledonous trees belonging to the family Lepidobotryaceae) }
{ lepidobotrys, tree,@ genus_Lepidobotrys,#m (African tree often classified in other families; similar to the Costa Rican caracolito in wood structure as well as in fruit and flowers and leaves and seeds) }
{ Ruptiliocarpon, genus_Ruptiliocarpon, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Lepidobotryaceae,#m (new (1993) genus of trees of Central America now recognized as similar to those of genus Lepidobotrys) }
{ caracolito, Ruptiliocarpon_caracolito, tree,@ genus_Ruptiliocarpon,#m (large Costa Rican tree having light-colored wood suitable for cabinetry; similar to the African lepidobotrys in wood structure as well as in fruit and flowers and leaves and seeds; often classified in other families) }

{ Oxalidaceae, family_Oxalidaceae, wood-sorrel_family, rosid_dicot_family,@ order_Geraniales,#m (a family of widely distributed herbs of the order Geraniales; have compound leaves and pentamerous flowers) }
{ genus_Oxalis, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Oxalidaceae,#m (type genus of the Oxalidaceae; large genus of plants having leaves that resemble clover and variously colored flowers usually clustered in umbels) }
{ oxalis, sorrel2, wood_sorrel, herbaceous_plant,@ genus_Oxalis,#m (any plant or flower of the genus Oxalis) }
{ common_wood_sorrel, cuckoo_bread, shamrock3, Oxalis_acetosella, oxalis,@ (Eurasian plant with heart-shaped trifoliate leaves and white purple-veined flowers) }
{ Bermuda_buttercup, English-weed, Oxalis_pes-caprae, Oxalis_cernua, oxalis,@ (South African bulbous wood sorrel with showy yellow flowers) }
{ creeping_oxalis, creeping_wood_sorrel, Oxalis_corniculata, oxalis,@ (creeping much-branched mat-forming weed; cosmopolitan) }
{ goatsfoot, goat's_foot, Oxalis_caprina, oxalis,@ (short-stemmed South African plant with bluish flowers) }
{ violet_wood_sorrel, Oxalis_violacea, oxalis,@ (perennial herb of eastern North America with palmately compound leaves and usually rose-purple flowers) }
{ oca, oka, Oxalis_tuberosa, Oxalis_crenata, oxalis,@ (South American wood sorrel cultivated for its edible tubers) }

{ Averrhoa, genus_Averrhoa, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Oxalidaceae,#m (trees native to East Indies having pinnate leaves: carambolas) }
{ carambola, carambola_tree, Averrhoa_carambola, fruit_tree,@ (East Indian tree bearing deeply ridged yellow-brown fruit) }
{ bilimbi, Averrhoa_bilimbi, fruit_tree,@ (East Indian evergreen tree bearing very acid fruit) }

{ Polygalaceae, family_Polygalaceae, milkwort_family, rosid_dicot_family,@ order_Geraniales,#m (trees, shrubs, and herbs widely distributed throughout both hemispheres) }
{ Polygala, genus_Polygala, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Polygalaceae,#m (type genus of the Polygalaceae: milkwort; senega; snakeroot) }
{ milkwort, subshrub,@ genus_Polygala,#m (any of various plants of the genus Polygala) }
{ senega1, Polygala_alba, milkwort,@ (perennial bushy herb of central and southern United States having white flowers with green centers and often purple crest; similar to Seneca snakeroot) }
{ orange_milkwort, yellow_milkwort, candyweed, yellow_bachelor's_button, Polygala_lutea, milkwort,@ (bog plant of pine barrens of southeastern United States having spikes of irregular yellow-orange flowers) }
{ flowering_wintergreen, gaywings, bird-on-the-wing, fringed_polygala, Polygala_paucifolia, milkwort,@ (common trailing perennial milkwort of eastern North America having leaves like wintergreen and usually rosy-purple flowers with winged sepals) }
{ Seneca_snakeroot, Seneka_snakeroot, senga_root, senega_root, senega_snakeroot, Polygala_senega, milkwort,@ (eastern North American plant having a terminal cluster of small white flowers and medicinal roots) }
{ senega2, root,@ Seneca_snakeroot,#p senega1,#p (dried root of two plants of the genus Polygala containing an irritating saponin) }
{ common_milkwort, gand_flower, Polygala_vulgaris, milkwort,@ (small European perennial with numerous branches having racemes of blue, pink or white flowers; formerly reputed to promote human lactation) }

{ Rutaceae, family_Rutaceae, rue_family, rosid_dicot_family,@ order_Geraniales,#m (a family of dicotyledonous plants of order Geraniales; have flowers that are divide into four or five parts and usually have a strong scent) }
{ Ruta, genus_Ruta, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Rutaceae,#m (type genus of the Rutaceae; strong-scented Eurasian herbs) }
{ rue, herb_of_grace, Ruta_graveolens, herb,@ genus_Ruta,#m (European strong-scented perennial herb with grey-green bitter-tasting leaves; an irritant similar to poison ivy) }

{ genus_Citrus, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Rutaceae,#m (orange; lemon; lime; etc.) }
{ [ citrus, adj.pert:citrous1,+ ] citrus_tree, fruit_tree,@ genus_Citrus,#m (any of numerous tropical usually thorny evergreen trees of the genus Citrus having leathery evergreen leaves and widely cultivated for their juicy edible fruits having leathery aromatic rinds) }
{ orange, orange_tree, citrus,@ genus_Citrus,#m (any citrus tree bearing oranges) }
{ orangewood, noun.substance:wood,@ orange_tree,#s (fine-grained wood of an orange tree; used in fine woodwork) }
{ sour_orange, Seville_orange, bitter_orange, bitter_orange_tree, bigarade, marmalade_orange, Citrus_aurantium, orange,@ genus_Citrus,#m (any of various common orange trees yielding sour or bitter fruit; used as grafting stock) }
{ bergamot, bergamot_orange, Citrus_bergamia, orange,@ (small tree with pear-shaped fruit whose oil is used in perfumery; Italy) }
{ pomelo, pomelo_tree, pummelo, shaddock, Citrus_maxima, Citrus_grandis, Citrus_decumana, citrus,@ genus_Citrus,#m (southeastern Asian tree producing large fruits resembling grapefruits) }
{ citron, citron_tree, Citrus_medica, citrus,@ (thorny evergreen small tree or shrub of India widely cultivated for its large lemonlike fruits that have thick warty rind) }
{ citronwood, noun.substance:wood,@ citron_tree,#s (wood of a citron tree) }
{ grapefruit, Citrus_paradisi, citrus,@ genus_Citrus,#m (citrus tree bearing large round edible fruit having a thick yellow rind and juicy somewhat acid pulp) }
{ mandarin, mandarin_orange, mandarin_orange_tree, Citrus_reticulata, citrus,@ genus_Citrus,#m (shrub or small tree having flattened globose fruit with very sweet aromatic pulp and thin yellow-orange to flame-orange rind that is loose and easily removed; native to southeastern Asia) }
{ tangerine, tangerine_tree, mandarin,@ (a variety of mandarin orange) }
{ clementine, clementine_tree, mandarin,@ (a variety of mandarin orange that is grown around the Mediterranean and in South Africa) }
{ satsuma, satsuma_tree, mandarin,@ (a variety of mandarin orange) }
{ sweet_orange, sweet_orange_tree, Citrus_sinensis, orange,@ genus_Citrus,#m (probably native to southern China; widely cultivated as source of table and juice oranges) }
{ temple_orange, temple_orange_tree, tangor, king_orange, Citrus_nobilis, orange,@ genus_Citrus,#m (large citrus tree having large sweet deep orange fruit that is easily peeled; widely cultivated in Florida) }
{ tangelo, tangelo_tree, ugli_fruit, Citrus_tangelo, citrus,@ genus_Citrus,#m (hybrid between grapefruit and mandarin orange; cultivated especially in Florida) }
{ rangpur, rangpur_lime, lemanderin, Citrus_limonia, citrus,@ genus_Citrus,#m (hybrid between mandarin orange and lemon having very acid fruit with orange peel) }
{ lemon, lemon_tree, Citrus_limon, citrus,@ genus_Citrus,#m (a small evergreen tree that originated in Asia but is widely cultivated for its fruit) }
{ sweet_lemon, sweet_lime, Citrus_limetta, lemon,@ genus_Citrus,@ (lemon tree having fruit with a somewhat insipid sweetish pulp) }
{ lime1, lime_tree1, Citrus_aurantifolia, citrus,@ genus_Citrus,#m (any of various related trees bearing limes) }

{ Citroncirus, genus_Citroncirus, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Rutaceae,#m (a cross between Citrus sinensis and Poncirus trifoliata) }
{ citrange, citrange_tree, Citroncirus_webberi, citrus,@ genus_Citroncirus,#m (more aromatic and acidic than oranges) }

{ Dictamnus, genus_Dictamnus, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Rutaceae,#m (a dicotyledonous genus of the family Rutaceae) }
{ fraxinella, dittany, burning_bush3, gas_plant, Dictamnus_alba, herbaceous_plant,@ (Eurasian perennial herb with white flowers that emit flammable vapor in hot weather) }

{ Fortunella, genus_Fortunella, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Rutaceae,#m (small genus of shrubs native to south China producing small ovoid fruits resembling oranges: includes kumquats) }
{ kumquat, cumquat, kumquat_tree, citrus,@ genus_Fortunella,#m (any of several trees or shrubs of the genus Fortunella bearing small orange-colored edible fruits with thick sweet-flavored skin and sour pulp) }
{ marumi, marumi_kumquat, round_kumquat, Fortunella_japonica, kumquat,@ genus_Fortunella,#m (shrub bearing round-fruited kumquats) }
{ nagami, nagami_kumquat, oval_kumquat, Fortunella_margarita, kumquat,@ (shrub bearing oval-fruited kumquats) }

{ Phellodendron, genus_Phellodendron, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Rutaceae,#m (small genus of aromatic deciduous trees of east Asia often having thick corky bark) }
{ cork_tree2, Phellodendron_amurense, tree,@ genus_Phellodendron,#m (deciduous tree of China and Manchuria having a turpentine aroma and handsome compound leaves turning yellow in autumn and deeply fissured corky bark) }

{ Poncirus, genus_Poncirus, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Rutaceae,#m (one species: trifoliate orange) }
{ trifoliate_orange, trifoliata, wild_orange2, Poncirus_trifoliata, tree,@ genus_Poncirus,#m (small fast-growing spiny deciduous Chinese orange tree bearing sweetly scented flowers and decorative but inedible fruit: used as a stock in grafting and for hedges) }

{ Zanthoxylum, genus_Zanthoxylum, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Rutaceae,#m (deciduous or evergreen trees or shrubs: prickly ash) }
{ prickly_ash1, tree,@ genus_Zanthoxylum,#m (any of a number of trees or shrubs of the genus Zanthoxylum having spiny branches) }
{ toothache_tree, sea_ash, Zanthoxylum_americanum, Zanthoxylum_fraxineum, prickly_ash1,@ genus_Zanthoxylum,#m (small deciduous aromatic shrub (or tree) having spiny branches and yellowish flowers; eastern North America) }
{ Hercules'-club1, Hercules'-clubs1, Hercules-club1, Zanthoxylum_clava-herculis, prickly_ash1,@ genus_Zanthoxylum,#m (densely spiny ornamental of southeastern United States and West Indies) }
{ satinwood1, West_Indian_satinwood, Zanthoxylum_flavum, angiospermous_yellowwood,@ (West Indian tree with smooth lustrous and slightly oily wood) }

(++complete)
{ Simaroubaceae, family_Simaroubaceae, quassia_family, rosid_dicot_family,@ order_Geraniales,#m (chiefly tropical trees and shrubs with bitter bark having dry usually one-seeded winged fruit) }
{ bitterwood_tree, tree,@ family_Simaroubaceae,#m (any of various trees or shrubs of the family Simaroubaceae having wood and bark with a bitter taste) }
{ Simarouba, genus_Simarouba, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Simaroubaceae,#m (type genus of Simaroubaceae; tropical American trees and shrubs having a pale soft wood and bitter bark) }
{ marupa, Simarouba_amara, bitterwood_tree,@ genus_Simarouba,#m (tree of the Amazon valley yielding a light brittle timber locally regarded as resistant to insect attack) }
{ paradise_tree, bitterwood3, Simarouba_glauca, bitterwood_tree,@ genus_Simarouba,#m (medium to large tree of tropical North and South America having odd-pinnate leaves and long panicles of small pale yellow flowers followed by scarlet fruits) }
{ genus_Ailanthus, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Simaroubaceae,#m (small genus of east Asian and Chinese trees with odd-pinnate leaves and long twisted samaras) }
{ ailanthus, angiospermous_tree,@ genus_Ailanthus,#m (any of several deciduous Asian trees of the genus Ailanthus) }
{ tree_of_heaven, tree_of_the_gods, Ailanthus_altissima, ailanthus,@ genus_Ailanthus,#m (deciduous rapidly growing tree of China with foliage like sumac and sweetish fetid flowers; widely planted in United States as a street tree because of its resistance to pollution) }
{ Irvingia, genus_Irvingia, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Simaroubaceae,#m (wild mango) }
{ wild_mango, dika, wild_mango_tree, Irvingia_gabonensis, fruit_tree,@ genus_Irvingia,#m (African tree with edible yellow fruit resembling mangos; valued for its oil-rich seed and hardy green wood that resists termites) }
{ Kirkia, genus_Kirkia, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Simaroubaceae,#m (small genus of tropical South African trees and shrubs) }
{ pepper_tree1, Kirkia_wilmsii, tree,@ genus_Kirkia,#m (small African deciduous tree with spreading crown having leaves clustered toward ends of branches and clusters of creamy flowers resembling lilacs) }
{ Picrasma, genus_Picrasma, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Simaroubaceae,#m (small genus of deciduous trees of tropical America and Asia) }
{ Jamaica_quassia1, bitterwood2, Picrasma_excelsa, Picrasma_excelsum, bitterwood_tree,@ genus_Picrasma,#m (West Indian tree yielding the drug Jamaica quassia) }
{ Jamaica_quassia2, noun.substance:quassia,@ Jamaica_quassia1,#s (similar to the extract from Quassia amara) }
{ genus_Quassia, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Simaroubaceae,#m (tropical trees and shrubs with pinnate leaves and large scarlet flowers; bark is medicinal) }
{ quassia1, bitterwood1, Quassia_amara, bitterwood_tree,@ genus_Quassia,#m (handsome South American shrub or small tree having bright scarlet flowers and yielding a valuable fine-grained yellowish wood; yields the bitter drug quassia from its wood and bark) }

{ Tropaeolaceae, family_Tropaeolaceae, nasturtium_family, rosid_dicot_family,@ order_Geraniales,#m (coextensive with the genus Tropaeolum) }
{ Tropaeolum, genus_Tropaeolum, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Tropaeolaceae,#m (a tropical American genus of dicotyledonous climbing or diffuse pungent herbs constituting the family Tropaeolaceae) }
{ nasturtium1, herbaceous_plant,@ genus_Tropaeolum,#m (any tropical American plant of the genus Tropaeolum having pungent juice and long-spurred yellow to red flowers) }
{ garden_nasturtium, Indian_cress, Tropaeolum_majus, nasturtium1,@ (strong-growing annual climber having large flowers of all shades of orange from orange-red to yellowish orange and seeds that are pickled and used like capers) }
{ bush_nasturtium, Tropaeolum_minus, nasturtium1,@ (annual with deep yellow flowers smaller than the common garden nasturtium) }
{ canarybird_flower, canarybird_vine, canary_creeper, Tropaeolum_peregrinum, nasturtium1,@ (a climber having flowers that are the color of canaries) }

{ Zygophyllaceae, family_Zygophyllaceae, bean-caper_family, rosid_dicot_family,@ order_Geraniales,#m (small trees, shrubs, and herbs of warm arid and saline regions; often resinous; some poisonous: genera Zygophyllum, Tribulus, Guaiacum, Larrea) }
{ Zygophyllum, genus_Zygophyllum, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Zygophyllaceae,#m (usually tropical herbs or shrubs having ill-smelling foliage and flower buds that are used as capers: bean capers) }
{ bean_caper, Syrian_bean_caper, Zygophyllum_fabago, shrub,@ genus_Zygophyllum,#m (perennial shrub of the eastern Mediterranean region and southwestern Asia having flowers whose buds are used as capers) }
{ Bulnesia, genus_Bulnesia, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Zygophyllaceae,#m (palo santo) }
{ palo_santo, Bulnesia_sarmienti, angiospermous_tree,@ genus_Bulnesia,#m (South American tree of dry interior regions of Argentina and Paraguay having resinous heartwood used for incense) }
{ guaiac_wood, guaiacum_wood, noun.substance:wood,@ palo_santo,#s (heartwood of a palo santo; yields an aromatic oil used in perfumes) }

{ Guaiacum, genus_Guaiacum, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Zygophyllaceae,#m (small genus of evergreen resinous trees or shrubs of warm and tropical America) }
{ lignum_vitae, Guaiacum_officinale, angiospermous_tree,@ genus_Guaiacum,#m (small evergreen tree of Caribbean and southern Central America to northern South America; a source of lignum vitae wood, hardest of commercial timbers, and a medicinal resin) }
{ lignum_vitae2, guaiac, guaiacum2, noun.substance:wood,@ lignum_vitae,#s (hard greenish-brown wood of the lignum vitae tree and other trees of the genus Guaiacum) }
{ bastard_lignum_vitae, Guaiacum_sanctum, angiospermous_tree,@ genus_Guaiacum,#m (small evergreen tree of the southern United States and West Indies a source of lignum vitae wood) }
{ guaiacum3, noun.substance:natural_resin,@ lignum_vitae,#s (medicinal resin from the lignum vitae tree) }

{ Larrea, genus_Larrea, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Zygophyllaceae,#m (xerophytic evergreen shrubs; South America to southwestern United States) }
{ creosote_bush, coville, hediondilla, Larrea_tridentata, shrub,@ genus_Larrea,#m (desert shrub of southwestern United States and New Mexico having persistent resinous aromatic foliage and small yellow flowers) }
{ Sonora_gum, noun.substance:gum_resin,@ creosote_bush,#p (acidulous gum resin of the creosote bush) }
{ Tribulus, genus_Tribulus, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Zygophyllaceae,#m (annual or perennial herbs or subshrubs of warm regions) }
{ caltrop, devil's_weed, Tribulus_terestris, subshrub,@ genus_Tribulus,#m (tropical annual procumbent poisonous subshrub having fruit that splits into five spiny nutlets; serious pasture weed) }

{ Salicales, order_Salicales, plant_order,@ class_Dicotyledones,#m (coextensive with the family Salicaceae) }
{ Salicaceae, family_Salicaceae, willow_family, hamamelid_dicot_family,@ order_Salicales,#m (two genera of trees or shrubs having hairy catkins: Salix; Populus) }
{ Salix, genus_Salix, hamamelid_dicot_genus,@ family_Salicaceae,#m (a large and widespread genus varying in size from small shrubs to large trees: willows) }
{ willow, willow_tree, tree,@ genus_Salix,#m (any of numerous deciduous trees and shrubs of the genus Salix) }
{ osier1, willow,@ genus_Salix,#m (any of various willows having pliable twigs used in basketry and furniture) }
{ white_willow, Huntingdon_willow, Salix_alba, willow,@ genus_Salix,#m (large willow tree of Eurasia and North Africa having greyish canescent leaves and grey bark) }
{ silver_willow, silky_willow1, Salix_alba_sericea, Salix_sericea, willow,@ genus_Salix,#m (North American willow with greyish silky pubescent leaves that usually blacken in drying) }
{ golden_willow, Salix_alba_vitellina, Salix_vitellina, osier1,@ genus_Salix,#m (European willow having greyish leaves and yellow-orange twigs used in basketry) }
{ cricket-bat_willow, Salix_alba_caerulea, willow,@ genus_Salix,#m (Eurasian willow tree having greyish leaves and ascending branches) }
{ arctic_willow, Salix_arctica, willow,@ genus_Salix,#m (low creeping shrub of Arctic Europe and America) }
{ weeping_willow, Babylonian_weeping_willow, Salix_babylonica, willow,@ genus_Salix,#m (willow with long drooping branches and slender leaves native to China; widely cultivated as an ornamental) }
{ Wisconsin_weeping_willow, Salix_pendulina, Salix_blanda, Salix_pendulina_blanda, willow,@ genus_Salix,#m (hybrid willow usually not strongly weeping in habit) }
{ pussy_willow1, Salix_discolor, willow,@ genus_Salix,#m (small willow of eastern North America having greyish leaves and silky catkins that come before the leaves) }
{ sallow, willow,@ genus_Salix,#m (any of several Old World shrubby broad-leaved willows having large catkins; some are important sources for tanbark and charcoal) }
{ goat_willow, florist's_willow, pussy_willow2, Salix_caprea, sallow,@ genus_Salix,#m (much-branched Old World willow having large catkins and relatively large broad leaves) }
{ peachleaf_willow, peach-leaved_willow, almond-leaves_willow, Salix_amygdaloides, willow,@ genus_Salix,#m (willow of the western United States with leaves like those of peach or almond trees) }
{ almond_willow, black_Hollander, Salix_triandra, Salix_amygdalina, osier1,@ genus_Salix,#m (Old World willow with light green leaves cultivated for use in basketry) }
{ hoary_willow, sage_willow1, Salix_candida, willow,@ genus_Salix,#m (North American shrub with whitish canescent leaves) }
{ crack_willow, brittle_willow, snap_willow, Salix_fragilis, willow,@ genus_Salix,#m (large willow tree with stiff branches that are easily broken) }
{ prairie_willow, Salix_humilis, willow,@ genus_Salix,#m (slender shrubby willow of dry areas of North America) }
{ dwarf_willow, Salix_herbacea, willow,@ genus_Salix,#m (widely distributed boreal shrubby willow with partially underground creeping stems and bright green glossy leaves) }
{ grey_willow, gray_willow, Salix_cinerea, willow,@ genus_Salix,#m (Eurasian shrubby willow with whitish tomentose twigs) }
{ arroyo_willow, Salix_lasiolepis, willow,@ genus_Salix,#m (shrubby willow of the western United States) }
{ shining_willow, Salix_lucida, willow,@ genus_Salix,#m (common North American shrub with shiny lanceolate leaves) }
{ swamp_willow, black_willow, Salix_nigra, willow,@ genus_Salix,#m (North American shrubby willow having dark bark and linear leaves growing close to streams and lakes) }
{ bay_willow, laurel_willow, Salix_pentandra, willow,@ genus_Salix,#m (European willow tree with shining leathery leaves; widely naturalized in the eastern United States) }
{ purple_willow, red_willow, red_osier1, basket_willow, purple_osier, Salix_purpurea, osier1,@ genus_Salix,#m (Eurasian osier having reddish or purple twigs and bark rich in tannin) }
{ balsam_willow, Salix_pyrifolia, willow,@ genus_Salix,#m (small shrubby tree of eastern North America having leaves exuding an odor of balsam when crushed) }
{ creeping_willow, Salix_repens, willow,@ genus_Salix,#m (small trailing bush of Europe and Asia having straggling branches with silky green leaves of which several varieties are cultivated) }
{ Sitka_willow, silky_willow2, Salix_sitchensis, willow,@ genus_Salix,#m (small shrubby tree of western North America (Alaska to Oregon)) }
{ dwarf_grey_willow, dwarf_gray_willow, sage_willow2, Salix_tristis, willow,@ genus_Salix,#m (willow shrub of dry places in the eastern United States having long narrow leaves canescent beneath) }
{ bearberry_willow, Salix_uva-ursi, willow,@ genus_Salix,#m (dwarf prostrate mat-forming shrub of Arctic and alpine regions of North America and Greenland having deep green elliptic leaves that taper toward the base) }
{ common_osier, hemp_willow, velvet_osier, Salix_viminalis, osier1,@ genus_Salix,#m (willow with long flexible twigs used in basketry) }

{ Populus, genus_Populus, hamamelid_dicot_genus,@ family_Salicaceae,#m (a genus of trees of the family Salicaceae that is found in the northern hemisphere; poplars) }
{ poplar, poplar_tree, angiospermous_tree,@ genus_Populus,#m (any of numerous trees of north temperate regions having light soft wood and flowers borne in catkins) }
{ poplar2, noun.substance:wood,@ poplar_tree,#s (soft light-colored non-durable wood of the poplar) }
{ balsam_poplar, hackmatack, tacamahac, Populus_balsamifera, poplar_tree,@ (poplar of northeastern North America with broad heart-shaped leaves) }
{ white_poplar, white_aspen, abele, aspen_poplar, silver-leaved_poplar, Populus_alba, poplar_tree,@ (a poplar that is widely cultivated in the United States; has white bark and leaves with whitish undersurfaces) }
{ grey_poplar, gray_poplar, Populus_canescens, poplar_tree,@ (large rapidly growing poplar with faintly lobed dentate leaves grey on the lower surface; native to Europe but introduced and naturalized elsewhere) }
{ black_poplar, Populus_nigra, poplar_tree,@ (large European poplar) }
{ Lombardy_poplar, Populus_nigra_italica, black_poplar,@ (distinguished by its columnar fastigiate shape and erect branches) }
{ cottonwood, poplar_tree,@ (any of several North American trees of the genus Populus having a tuft of cottony hairs on the seed) }
{ Eastern_cottonwood, necklace_poplar, Populus_deltoides, cottonwood,@ (a common poplar of eastern and central United States; cultivated in United States for its rapid growth and luxuriant foliage and in Europe for timber) }
{ black_cottonwood, Western_balsam_poplar, Populus_trichocarpa, cottonwood,@ (cottonwood of western North America with dark green leaves shining above and rusty or silvery beneath) }
{ swamp_cottonwood, black_cottonwood2, downy_poplar, swamp_poplar, Populus_heterophylla, cottonwood,@ (North American poplar with large rounded scalloped leaves and brownish bark and wood) }
{ aspen, poplar_tree,@ (any of several trees of the genus Populus having leaves on flattened stalks so that they flutter in the lightest wind) }
{ quaking_aspen, European_quaking_aspen, Populus_tremula, aspen,@ (Old World aspen with a broad much-branched crown; northwestern Europe and Siberia to North Africa) }
{ American_quaking_aspen, American_aspen, Populus_tremuloides, aspen,@ (slender aspen native to North America) }
{ Canadian_aspen, bigtooth_aspen, bigtoothed_aspen, big-toothed_aspen, large-toothed_aspen, large_tooth_aspen, Populus_grandidentata, aspen,@ (aspen with a narrow crown; eastern North America) }

{ Santalales, order_Santalales, plant_order,@ subclass_Dilleniidae,#m (order of plants distinguished by having a one-celled inferior ovary; many are parasitic or partly parasitic usually on roots) }
{ Santalaceae, family_Santalaceae, sandalwood_family, dilleniid_dicot_family,@ order_Santalales,#m (chiefly tropical herbs or shrubs or trees bearing nuts or one-seeded fruit) }
{ Santalum, genus_Santalum, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Santalaceae,#m (parasitic trees of Indonesia and Malaysia) }
{ sandalwood_tree, true_sandalwood, Santalum_album, tree,@ genus_Santalum,#m (parasitic tree of Indonesia and Malaysia having fragrant close-grained yellowish heartwood with insect repelling properties and used, e.g., for making chests) }
{ sandalwood, noun.substance:wood,@ sandalwood_tree,#s (close-grained fragrant yellowish heartwood of the true sandalwood; has insect repelling properties and is used for carving and cabinetwork) }

{ genus_Buckleya, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Santalaceae,#m (small genus of Asiatic and American parasitic shrubs) }
{ buckleya, Buckleya_distichophylla, parasitic_plant,@ genus_Buckleya,#m (parasitic shrub of the eastern United States having opposite leaves and insignificant greenish flowers followed by oily dull green olivelike fruits) }

{ Comandra, genus_Comandra, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Santalaceae,#m (small genus of chiefly North American parasitic plants) }
{ bastard_toadflax, Comandra_pallida, parasitic_plant,@ genus_Comandra,#m (woody creeping parasite of western North America having numerous thick powdery leaves and panicles of small dull-white flowers) }

{ Eucarya, genus_Eucarya, Fusanus, genus_Fusanus, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Santalaceae,#m (quandong trees) }
{ quandong3, quandang, quandong_tree2, Eucarya_acuminata, Fusanus_acuminatus, tree,@ genus_Eucarya,#m (Australian tree with edible flesh and edible nutlike seed) }

{ Pyrularia, genus_Pyrularia, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Santalaceae,#m (small genus of chiefly Asiatic parasitic shrubs) }
{ rabbitwood, buffalo_nut1, Pyrularia_pubera, parasitic_plant,@ genus_Pyrularia,#m (shrub of southeastern United States parasitic on roots of hemlocks having sparse spikes of greenish flowers and pulpy drupes) }
{ buffalo_nut2, elk_nut, oil_nut, fruit,@ rabbitwood,#p (oily drupaceous fruit of rabbitwood) }

{ Loranthaceae, family_Loranthaceae, mistletoe_family1, dilleniid_dicot_family,@ parasitic_plant,@ order_Santalales,#m (in some classification includes Viscaceae: parasitic or hemiparasitic shrublets or shrubs or small trees of tropical and temperate regions; attach to hosts by haustoria) }
{ Loranthus, genus_Loranthus, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Loranthaceae,#m (type genus of the Loranthaceae: 1 species) }
{ mistletoe3, Loranthus_europaeus, parasitic_plant,@ genus_Loranthus,#m (shrub of central and southeastern Europe; partially parasitic on beeches, chestnuts and oaks) }

{ Arceuthobium, genus_Arceuthobium, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Loranthaceae,#m (genus of chiefly American plants parasitic on conifers) }
{ American_mistletoe2, Arceuthobium_pusillum, parasitic_plant,@ genus_Arceuthobium,#m (small herb with scalelike leaves on reddish-brown stems and berrylike fruits; parasitic on spruce and larch trees) }

{ Nuytsia, genus_Nuytsia, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Loranthaceae,#m (one species) }
{ flame_tree3, fire_tree, Christmas_tree3, Nuytsia_floribunda, parasitic_plant,@ genus_Nuytsia,#m (a terrestrial evergreen shrub or small tree of western Australia having brilliant yellow-orange flowers; parasitic on roots of grasses) }

{ Viscaceae, family_Viscaceae, mistletoe_family2, dilleniid_dicot_family,@ order_Santalales,#m (in some classifications considered a subfamily of Loranthaceae) }
{ Viscum, genus_Viscum, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Viscaceae,#m (type genus of the Viscaceae: Old World evergreen shrubs parasitic on many trees including oaks but especially apple trees, poplars, aspens and cottonwoods) }
{ mistletoe1, Viscum_album, Old_World_mistletoe, parasitic_plant,@ genus_Viscum,#m (Old World parasitic shrub having branching greenish stems with leathery leaves and waxy white glutinous berries; the traditional mistletoe of Christmas) }

{ Phoradendron, genus_Phoradendron, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Viscaceae,#m (any of various American parasitic plants similar to Old World mistletoe: false mistletoe) }
{ mistletoe2, false_mistletoe, parasitic_plant,@ genus_Phoradendron,#m (American plants closely resembling Old World mistletoe) }
{ American_mistletoe1, Phoradendron_serotinum, Phoradendron_flavescens, mistletoe2,@ (the traditional mistletoe of Christmas in America: grows on deciduous trees and can severely weaken the host plant) }


{ Sapindales, order_Sapindales, plant_order,@ class_Dicotyledones,#m (an order of dicotyledonous plants) }

{ Sapindaceae, family_Sapindaceae, soapberry_family, dicot_family,@ order_Sapindales,#m (chiefly tropical New and Old World deciduous and evergreen trees and shrubs bearing leathery drupes with yellow translucent flesh; most plants produce toxic saponins) }
{ aalii, tree,@ genus_Dodonaea,#m (a small Hawaiian tree with hard dark wood) }
{ Dodonaea, genus_Dodonaea, dicot_genus,@ family_Sapindaceae,#m (a genus of tropical shrub or tree) }
{ soapberry, soapberry_tree, tree,@ genus_Sapindus,#m (a tree of the genus Sapindus whose fruit is rich in saponin) }
{ Sapindus, genus_Sapindus, dicot_genus,@ family_Sapindaceae,#m (type genus of the Sapindaceae) }
{ wild_China_tree, Sapindus_drumondii, Sapindus_marginatus, soapberry,@ genus_Sapindus,#m (deciduous tree of southwestern United States having pulpy fruit containing saponin) }
{ China_tree2, false_dogwood, jaboncillo, chinaberry2, Sapindus_saponaria, soapberry,@ genus_Sapindus,#m (evergreen of tropical America having pulpy fruit containing saponin which was used as soap by Native Americans) }

{ Blighia, genus_Blighia, dicot_genus,@ family_Sapindaceae,#m (small genus of western African evergreen trees and shrubs bearing fleshy capsular three-seeded fruits edible when neither unripe nor overripe) }
{ akee, akee_tree, Blighia_sapida, fruit_tree,@ genus_Blighia,#m (widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions for its fragrant flowers and colorful fruits; introduced in Jamaica by William Bligh) }

{ Cardiospermum, genus_Cardiospermum, dicot_genus,@ family_Sapindaceae,#m (tendril-climbing herbs or shrubs whose seeds have a white heart-shaped spot) }
{ soapberry_vine, vine,@ genus_Cardiospermum,#m (tendril-climbing vine) }
{ heartseed, Cardiospermum_grandiflorum, soapberry_vine,@ (herbaceous vine of tropical America and Africa) }
{ balloon_vine, heart_pea, Cardiospermum_halicacabum, soapberry_vine,@ (woody perennial climbing plant with large ornamental seed pods that resemble balloons; tropical India and Africa and America) }

{ Dimocarpus, genus_Dimocarpus, dicot_genus,@ family_Sapindaceae,#m (longan) }
{ longan, lungen, longanberry, Dimocarpus_longan, Euphorbia_litchi, Nephelium_longana, fruit_tree,@ genus_Dimocarpus,#m (tree of southeastern Asia to Australia grown primarily for its sweet edible fruit resembling litchi nuts; sometimes placed in genera Euphorbia or Nephelium) }

{ genus_Harpullia, dicot_genus,@ family_Sapindaceae,#m (genus of tropical Asiatic and African trees) }
{ harpullia, tulipwood_tree,@ genus_Harpullia,#m (any of various tree of the genus Harpullia) }
{ harpulla, Harpullia_cupanioides, harpullia,@ (fast-growing tree of India and East Indies yielding a wood used especially for building) }
{ Moreton_Bay_tulipwood, Harpullia_pendula, harpullia,@ (Australian tree yielding a variegated tulipwood) }

{ genus_Litchi, dicot_genus,@ family_Sapindaceae,#m (Chinese trees) }
{ litchi, lichee, litchi_tree, Litchi_chinensis, Nephelium_litchi, fruit_tree,@ genus_Litchi,#m (Chinese tree cultivated especially in Philippines and India for its edible fruit; sometimes placed in genus Nephelium) }

{ Melicoccus, genus_Melicoccus, Melicocca, genus_Melicocca, dicot_genus,@ family_Sapindaceae,#m (tropical American trees and shrubs bearing berries) }
{ Spanish_lime, Spanish_lime_tree, honey_berry, mamoncillo, genip, ginep, Melicocca_bijuga, Melicocca_bijugatus, fruit_tree,@ genus_Melicocca,#m (tropical American tree bearing a small edible fruit with green leathery skin and sweet juicy translucent pulp) }

{ Nephelium, genus_Nephelium, dicot_genus,@ family_Sapindaceae,#m (a genus of dicotyledonous trees of the family Sapindaceae that are native to Asia and Australia) }
{ rambutan, rambotan, rambutan_tree, Nephelium_lappaceum, fruit_tree,@ genus_Nephelium,#m (Malayan tree bearing spiny red fruit) }
{ pulasan, pulassan, pulasan_tree, Nephelium_mutabile, fruit_tree,@ genus_Nephelium,#m (East Indian fruit tree bearing fruit similar to but sweeter than that of the rambutan) }

{ Buxaceae, family_Buxaceae, box_family, dicot_family,@ order_Sapindales,#m (widely distributed evergreen shrubs and trees) }
{ Buxus, genus_Buxus, dicot_genus,@ family_Buxaceae,#m (type genus of the Buxaceae) }
{ box, boxwood, shrub,@ genus_Buxus,#m (evergreen shrubs or small trees) }
{ common_box, European_box, Buxus_sempervirens, box,@ (large slow-growing evergreen shrub or small tree with multiple stems; extensively used for hedges or borders and topiary figures) }
{ boxwood2, Turkish_boxwood, noun.substance:wood,@ box,#s (very hard tough close-grained light yellow wood of the box (particularly the common box); used in delicate woodwork: musical instruments and inlays and engraving blocks) }
{ genus_Pachysandra, dicot_genus,@ family_Buxaceae,#m (evergreen perennial procumbent subshrubs or herbs) }
{ pachysandra, subshrub,@ genus_Pachysandra,#m (any plant of the genus Pachysandra; low-growing evergreen herbs or subshrubs having dentate leaves and used as ground cover) }
{ Allegheny_spurge, Allegheny_mountain_spurge, Pachysandra_procumbens, pachysandra,@ (low semi-evergreen perennial herb having small spikes of white or pinkish flowers; native to southern United States but grown elsewhere) }
{ Japanese_spurge, Pachysandra_terminalis, pachysandra,@ (slow-growing Japanese evergreen subshrub having terminal spikes of white flowers; grown as a ground cover) }

{ Celastraceae, family_Celastraceae, spindle-tree_family, staff-tree_family, dicot_family,@ order_Sapindales,#m (trees and shrubs and woody vines usually having bright-colored fruits) }
{ staff_tree, shrub,@ genus_Celastrus,#m (any small tree or twining shrub of the genus Celastrus) }
{ Celastrus, genus_Celastrus, dicot_genus,@ family_Celastraceae,#m (genus of woody vines and erect shrubs (type genus of the Celastraceae) that is native chiefly to Asia and Australia: includes bittersweet) }
{ bittersweet1, American_bittersweet, climbing_bittersweet, false_bittersweet, staff_vine, waxwork, shrubby_bittersweet, Celastrus_scandens, vine,@ genus_Celastrus,#m (twining shrub of North America having yellow capsules enclosing scarlet seeds) }
{ Japanese_bittersweet, Japan_bittersweet, oriental_bittersweet, Celastrus_orbiculatus, Celastric_articulatus, vine,@ genus_Celastrus,#m (ornamental Asiatic vine with showy orange-yellow fruit with a scarlet aril; naturalized in North America) }
{ Euonymus, genus_Euonymus, dicot_genus,@ family_Celastraceae,#m (widely distributed chiefly evergreen shrubs or small trees or vines) }
{ spindle_tree, spindleberry, spindleberry_tree, shrub,@ genus_Euonymus,#m (any shrubby trees or woody vines of the genus Euonymus having showy usually reddish berries) }
{ common_spindle_tree, Euonymus_europaeus, spindle_tree,@ (small erect deciduous shrub having tough white wood and cathartic bark and fruit) }
{ winged_spindle_tree, Euonymous_alatus, spindle_tree,@ (bushy deciduous shrub with branches having thin wide corky longitudinal wings; brilliant red in autumn; northeastern Asia to central China) }
{ wahoo1, burning_bush2, Euonymus_atropurpureus, shrub,@ genus_Euonymus,#m (deciduous shrub having purple capsules enclosing scarlet seeds) }
{ strawberry_bush1, wahoo2, Euonymus_americanus, shrub,@ genus_Euonymus,#m (upright deciduous plant with crimson pods and seeds; the eastern United States from New York to Florida and Texas) }
{ evergreen_bittersweet, Euonymus_fortunei_radicans, Euonymus_radicans_vegetus, vine,@ genus_Euonymus,#m (broad and bushy Asiatic twining shrub with pinkish fruit; many subspecies or varieties) }

{ Cyrilliaceae, family_Cyrilliaceae, cyrilla_family, titi_family, dicot,@ order_Sapindales,#m (shrubs and trees with leathery leaves and small white flowers in racemes: genera Cyrilla and Cliftonia) }
{ genus_Cyrilla, dicot_genus,@ family_cyrilliaceae,#m (one species: trees and shrubs having flowers with acute or twisted petals and wingless fruit) }
{ cyrilla, leatherwood2, white_titi, Cyrilla_racemiflora, shrub,@ genus_Cyrilla,#m (shrub or small tree of southeastern United States to West Indies and Brazil; grown for the slender racemes of white flowers and orange and crimson foliage) }
{ Cliftonia, genus_Cliftonia, dicot_genus,@ family_Cyrilliaceae,#m (one species: titi) }
{ titi1, buckwheat_tree, Cliftonia_monophylla, flowering_tree,@ genus_Cliftonia,#m (tree of low-lying coastal areas of southeastern United States having glossy leaves and racemes of fragrant white flowers) }
(==)
{ Empetraceae, family_Empetraceae, crowberry_family, dicot_family,@ order_Sapindales,#m (heathlike shrubs) }
{ Empetrum, genus_Empetrum, dicot_genus,@ family_Empetraceae,#m (crowberries) }
{ crowberry, shrub,@ genus_Empetrum,#m (a low evergreen shrub with small purple flowers and black berrylike fruit) }

{ Aceraceae, family_Aceraceae, maple_family, dicot_family,@ order_Sapindales,#m (a family of trees and shrubs of order Sapindales including the maples) }
{ Acer, genus_Acer, dicot_genus,@ family_Aceraceae,#m (type genus of the Aceraceae; trees or shrubs having winged fruit) }
{ maple, angiospermous_tree,@ genus_Acer,#m (any of numerous trees or shrubs of the genus Acer bearing winged seeds in pairs; north temperate zone) }
{ maple2, noun.substance:wood,@ maple,#s (wood of any of various maple trees; especially the hard close-grained wood of the sugar maple; used especially for furniture and flooring) }
{ bird's-eye_maple, maple2,@ (maple wood having a wavy grain with eyelike markings) }
{ silver_maple, Acer_saccharinum, maple,@ (a common North American maple tree; five-lobed leaves are light green above and silvery white beneath; source of hard close-grained but brittle light-brown wood) }
{ sugar_maple, rock_maple, Acer_saccharum, maple,@ (maple of eastern and central North America having three-lobed to five-lobed leaves and hard close-grained wood much used for cabinet work especially the curly-grained form; sap is chief source of maple syrup and maple sugar; many subspecies) }
{ red_maple, scarlet_maple, swamp_maple, Acer_rubrum, maple,@ (maple of eastern and central America; five-lobed leaves turn scarlet and yellow in autumn) }
{ moosewood2, moose-wood2, striped_maple, striped_dogwood, goosefoot_maple, Acer_pennsylvanicum, maple,@ (maple of eastern North America with striped bark and large two-lobed leaves clear yellow in autumn) }
{ Oregon_maple, big-leaf_maple, Acer_macrophyllum, maple,@ (maple of western North America having large 5-lobed leaves orange in autumn) }
{ dwarf_maple, Rocky-mountain_maple, Acer_glabrum, maple,@ (small maple of northwestern North America) }
{ mountain_maple, mountain_alder1, Acer_spicatum, maple,@ (small shrubby maple of eastern North America; scarlet in autumn) }
{ vine_maple, Acer_circinatum, maple,@ (small maple of northwestern North America having prostrate stems that root freely and form dense thickets) }
{ hedge_maple, field_maple, Acer_campestre, maple,@ (shrubby Eurasian maple often used as a hedge) }
{ Norway_maple, Acer_platanoides, maple,@ (a large Eurasian maple tree naturalized in North America; five-lobed leaves yellow in autumn; cultivated in many varieties) }
{ sycamore3, great_maple, scottish_maple, Acer_pseudoplatanus, maple,@ (Eurasian maple tree with pale grey bark that peels in flakes like that of a sycamore tree; leaves with five ovate lobes yellow in autumn) }
{ box_elder, ash-leaved_maple, Acer_negundo, maple,@ (common shade tree of eastern and central United States) }
{ California_box_elder, Acer_negundo_Californicum, box_elder,@ (maple of the Pacific coast of the United States; fruits are white when mature) }
{ pointed-leaf_maple, Acer_argutum, maple,@ (small shrubby Japanese plant with leaves having 5 to 7 acuminate lobes; yellow in autumn) }
{ Japanese_maple1, full_moon_maple, Acer_japonicum, maple,@ (leaves deeply incised and bright red in autumn; Japan) }
{ Japanese_maple2, Acer_palmatum, maple,@ (ornamental shrub or small tree of Japan and Korea with deeply incised leaves; cultivated in many varieties) }
{ Dipteronia, genus_Dipteronia, dicot_genus,@ family_Aceraceae,#m (small genus of large deciduous shrubs having large clusters of winged seeds that turn red as they mature; central and southern China) }

{ Aquifoliaceae, family_Aquifoliaceae, holly_family, dicot_family,@ order_Sapindales,#m (widely distributed shrubs and trees) }
{ holly, flowering_tree,@ genus_Ilex,#m (any tree or shrub of the genus Ilex having red berries and shiny evergreen leaves with prickly edges) }
(==)
{ Ilex, genus_Ilex, dicot_genus,@ family_Aquifoliaceae,#m (a large genus of dicotyledonous trees and shrubs of the family Aquifoliaceae that have small flowers and berries (including hollies)) }
{ Chinese_holly, Ilex_cornuta, shrub,@ genus_Ilex,#m (dense rounded evergreen shrub of China having spiny leaves; widely cultivated as an ornamental) }
{ bearberry2, possum_haw, winterberry, Ilex_decidua, holly,@ (deciduous shrub of southeastern and central United States) }
{ inkberry, gallberry, gall-berry, evergreen_winterberry, Ilex_glabra, holly,@ (evergreen holly of eastern North America with oblong leathery leaves and small black berries) }
{ mate, Paraguay_tea, Ilex_paraguariensis, holly,@ (South American holly; leaves used in making a drink like tea) }
{ American_holly, Christmas_holly, poisonous_plant,@ holly,@ (an evergreen tree) }
(==?)
{ low_gallberry_holly, holly,@ (an evergreen shrub) }
{ tall_gallberry_holly, holly,@ (an evergreen shrub) }
{ yaupon_holly, holly,@ (an evergreen shrub) }
{ deciduous_holly, holly,@ (a holly tree) }
{ juneberry_holly, holly,@ (a holly shrub) }
{ largeleaf_holly, holly,@ (a holly tree) }
{ Geogia_holly, holly,@ (a holly shrub) }
{ common_winterberry_holly, holly,@ (a holly shrub) }
{ smooth_winterberry_holly, holly,@ (a holly shrub) }

(==)
{ Anacardiaceae, family_Anacardiaceae, sumac_family, dicot_family,@ order_Sapindales,#m (the cashew family; trees and shrubs and vines having resinous (sometimes poisonous) juice; includes cashew and mango and pistachio and poison ivy and sumac) }
{ Anacardium, genus_Anacardium, dicot_genus,@ family_Anacardiaceae,#m (type genus of the Anacardiaceae: cashew) }
{ cashew, cashew_tree, Anacardium_occidentale, nut_tree,@ genus_Anacardium,#m (tropical American evergreen tree bearing kidney-shaped nuts that are edible only when roasted) }
{ Astronium, genus_Astronium, dicot_genus,@ family_Anacardiaceae,#m (a genus of dicotyledonous plants of the family Anacardiaceae) }
{ goncalo_alves, Astronium_fraxinifolium, zebrawood_tree,@ genus_Astronium,#m (tall tropical American timber tree especially abundant in eastern Brazil; yields hard strong durable zebrawood with straight grain and dark strips on a pinkish to yellowish ground; widely used for veneer and furniture and heavy construction) }
{ Cotinus, genus_Cotinus, dicot_genus,@ family_Anacardiaceae,#m (smoke trees) }
{ smoke_tree1, smoke_bush, shrub,@ genus_Cotinus,#m (any of several shrubs or shrubby trees of the genus Cotinus) }
{ American_smokewood, chittamwood3, Cotinus_americanus, Cotinus_obovatus, smoke_tree1,@ (shrubby tree of southern United States having large plumes of feathery flowers resembling puffs of smoke) }
{ Venetian_sumac, wig_tree, Cotinus_coggygria, smoke_tree1,@ (Old World shrub having large plumes of yellowish feathery flowers resembling puffs of smoke) }
{ Malosma, genus_Malosma, dicot_genus,@ family_Anacardiaceae,#m (one species; often included in the genus Rhus) }
{ laurel_sumac, Malosma_laurina, Rhus_laurina, shrub,@ genus_Malosma,#m (small aromatic evergreen shrub of California having paniculate leaves and whitish berries; in some classifications included in genus Rhus) }
{ Mangifera, genus_Mangifera, dicot_genus,@ family_Anacardiaceae,#m (tropical tree native to Asia bearing fleshy fruit) }
{ mango, mango_tree, Mangifera_indica, fruit_tree,@ genus_Mangifera,#m (large evergreen tropical tree cultivated for its large oval fruit) }
{ Pistacia, genus_Pistacia, dicot_genus,@ family_Anacardiaceae,#m (a dicotyledonous genus of trees of the family Anacardiaceae having drupaceous fruit) }
{ pistachio, Pistacia_vera, pistachio_tree, nut_tree,@ genus_Pistacia,#m (small tree of southern Europe and Asia Minor bearing small hard-shelled nuts) }
{ terebinth, Pistacia_terebinthus, angiospermous_tree,@ genus_Pistacia,#m (a Mediterranean tree yielding Chian turpentine) }
{ mastic, mastic_tree, lentisk, Pistacia_lentiscus, shrub,@ genus_Pistacia,#m (an evergreen shrub of the Mediterranean region that is cultivated for its resin) }

{ Rhodosphaera, genus_Rhodosphaera, dicot_genus,@ family_Anacardiaceae,#m (one species; an Australian evergreen sumac) }
{ Australian_sumac, Rhodosphaera_rhodanthema, Rhus_rhodanthema, angiospermous_yellowwood,@ genus_Rhodosphaera,#m (evergreen of Australia yielding a dark yellow wood) }

{ Rhus, genus_Rhus, dicot_genus,@ family_Anacardiaceae,#m (deciduous or evergreen shrubs and shrubby trees of temperate and subtropical North America, South Africa, eastern Asia and northeastern Australia; usually limited to nonpoisonous sumacs (see genus Toxicodendron)) }
{ sumac, sumach, shumac, shrub,@ genus_Rhus,#m (a shrub or tree of the genus Rhus (usually limited to the non-poisonous members of the genus)) }
{ sumac2, noun.substance:wood,@ sumac,#s (wood of a sumac) }
{ fragrant_sumac, lemon_sumac, Rhus_aromatica, sumac,@ (sweet-scented sumac of eastern America having ternate leaves and yellowish-green flowers in spikes resembling catkins followed by red hairy fruits) }
{ smooth_sumac, scarlet_sumac, vinegar_tree, Rhus_glabra, sumac,@ (common nonpoisonous shrub of eastern North America with waxy compound leaves and green paniculate flowers followed by red berries) }
{ dwarf_sumac, mountain_sumac, black_sumac, shining_sumac, Rhus_copallina, sumac,@ (common nonpoisonous shrub of eastern North America with compound leaves and green paniculate flowers followed by red berries) }
{ sugar-bush, sugar_sumac, Rhus_ovata, sumac,@ (evergreen shrub of southeastern United States with spikes of reddish yellow flowers and glandular hairy fruits) }
{ staghorn_sumac1, velvet_sumac, Virginian_sumac, vinegar_tree2, Rhus_typhina, sumac,@ (deciduous shrubby tree or eastern North America with compound leaves that turn brilliant red in fall and dense panicles of greenish yellow flowers followed by crimson acidic berries) }
{ squawbush, squaw-bush, skunkbush, Rhus_trilobata, sumac,@ (deciduous shrub of California with unpleasantly scented usually trifoliate leaves and edible fruit) }
{ Schinus, genus_Schinus, dicot_genus,@ family_Anacardiaceae,#m (genus of evergreen shrubs and trees of tropical and subtropical regions of South and Central America and Canary Islands and China) }
{ aroeira_blanca, Schinus_chichita, tree,@ genus_Schinus,#m (small resinous tree or shrub of Brazil) }
{ pepper_tree2, molle1, Peruvian_mastic_tree, Schinus_molle, tree,@ genus_Schinus,#m (small Peruvian evergreen with broad rounded head and slender pendant branches with attractive clusters of greenish flowers followed by clusters of rose-pink fruits) }
{ Brazilian_pepper_tree, Schinus_terebinthifolius, tree,@ genus_Schinus,#m (small Brazilian evergreen resinous tree or shrub having dark green leaflets and white flowers followed by bright red fruit; used as a street tree and lawn specimen) }
{ Spondias, genus_Spondias, dicot_genus,@ family_Anacardiaceae,#m (tropical trees having one-seeded fruit) }
{ hog_plum2, yellow_mombin, yellow_mombin_tree, Spondias_mombin, fruit_tree,@ genus_Spondias,#m (tropical American tree having edible yellow fruit) }
{ mombin, mombin_tree, jocote, Spondias_purpurea, fruit_tree,@ genus_Spondias,#m (common tropical American shrub or small tree with purplish fruit) }
{ Toxicodendron, genus_Toxicodendron, dicot_genus,@ family_Anacardiaceae,#m (in some classifications: comprising those members of the genus Rhus having foliage that is poisonous to the touch; of North America and northern South America) }
{ poison_ash, poison_dogwood, poison_sumac, Toxicodendron_vernix, Rhus_vernix, poisonous_plant,@ genus_Toxicodendron,#m (smooth American swamp shrub with pinnate leaves and greenish flowers followed by greenish white berries; yields an irritating oil) }
{ poison_ivy, markweed, poison_mercury, poison_oak2, Toxicodendron_radicans, Rhus_radicans, poisonous_plant,@ genus_Toxicodendron,#m (climbing plant common in eastern and central United States with ternate leaves and greenish flowers followed by white berries; yields an irritating oil that causes a rash on contact) }
{ western_poison_oak, Toxicodendron_diversilobum, Rhus_diversiloba, poisonous_plant,@ genus_Toxicodendron,#m (poisonous shrub of the Pacific coast of North America that causes a rash on contact) }
{ eastern_poison_oak, Toxicodendron_quercifolium, Rhus_quercifolia, Rhus_toxicodenedron, poisonous_plant,@ genus_Toxicodendron,#m (poisonous shrub of southeastern United States causing a rash on contact) }
{ varnish_tree2, lacquer_tree, Chinese_lacquer_tree, Japanese_lacquer_tree, Japanese_varnish_tree2, Japanese_sumac, Toxicodendron_vernicifluum, Rhus_verniciflua, poisonous_plant,@ genus_Toxicodendron,#m (small Asiatic tree yielding a toxic exudate from which lacquer is obtained) }

{ Hippocastanaceae, family_Hippocastanaceae, horse-chestnut_family, dicot_family,@ order_Sapindales,#m (trees having showy flowers and inedible nutlike seeds in a leathery capsule) }
{ Aesculus, genus_Aesculus, dicot_genus,@ family_Hippocastanaceae,#m (deciduous trees or some shrubs of North America; southeastern Europe; eastern Asia) }
{ horse_chestnut, buckeye, Aesculus_hippocastanum, flowering_tree,@ genus_Aesculus,#m (tree having palmate leaves and large clusters of white to red flowers followed by brown shiny inedible seeds) }
(==)
{ buckeye2, horse_chestnut2, conker, seed,@ (the inedible nutlike seed of the horse chestnut) }
(==)
{ sweet_buckeye, buckeye,@ (a tall and often cultivated buckeye of the central United States) }
{ Ohio_buckeye, buckeye,@ (a buckeye with scaly grey bark that is found in the central United States) }
{ dwarf_buckeye, bottlebrush_buckeye, buckeye,@ (a spreading shrub with pink flowers; found in southeastern United States) }
{ red_buckeye, buckeye,@ (a shrub buckeye of southern United States) }
{ particolored_buckeye, buckeye,@ (a buckeye marked by different colors or tints) }

(==)
{ Staphylaceae, family_Staphylaceae, bladdernut_family, dicot_family,@ order_Sapindales,#m (a family of dicotyledonous plants of order Sapindales found mostly in the north temperate zone) }
{ Staphylea, genus_Staphylea, dicot_genus,@ family_Staphylaceae,#m (a genus of small trees or shrubs of the family Staphylaceae) }

{ Ebenales, order_Ebenales, plant_order,@ class_Dicotyledones,#m (trees or shrubs of the families Ebenaceae or Sapotaceae or Styracaceae or Symplocaceae) }

{ Ebenaceae, family_Ebenaceae, ebony_family, dicot_family,@ order_Ebenales,#m (fruit and timber trees of tropical and warm regions including ebony and persimmon) }
{ Diospyros, genus_Diospyros, dicot_genus,@ family_Ebenaceae,#m (a genus of trees or shrubs that have beautiful and valuable wood) }
{ ebony, ebony_tree, Diospyros_ebenum, tree,@ genus_Diospyros,#m (tropical tree of southern Asia having hard dark-colored heartwood used in cabinetwork) }
{ ebony2, noun.substance:wood,@ ebony,#s (hard dark-colored heartwood of the ebony tree; used in cabinetwork and for piano keys) }
{ marblewood, marble-wood, Andaman_marble, Diospyros_kurzii, tree,@ genus_Diospyros,#m (large Asiatic tree having hard marbled zebrawood) }
{ marblewood2, marble-wood2, zebrawood,@ marblewood,#s (hard marbled wood) }
{ persimmon, persimmon_tree, fruit_tree,@ genus_Diospyros,#m (any of several tropical trees of the genus Diospyros) }
{ Japanese_persimmon, kaki, Diospyros_kaki, persimmon_tree,@ genus_Diospyros,#m (small deciduous Asiatic tree bearing large red or orange edible astringent fruit) }
{ American_persimmon, possumwood, Diospyros_virginiana, persimmon_tree,@ genus_Diospyros,#m (medium-sized tree of dry woodlands in the southern and eastern United States bearing yellow or orange very astringent fruit that is edible when fully ripe) }
{ date_plum, Diospyros_lotus, persimmon_tree,@ (an Asiatic persimmon tree cultivated for its small yellow or purplish-black edible fruit much valued by Afghan tribes) }

{ Sapotaceae, family_Sapotaceae, sapodilla_family, dicot_family,@ order_Ebenales,#m (tropical trees or shrubs with milky juice and often edible fleshy fruit) }
{ Achras, genus_Achras, dicot_genus,@ family_Sapotaceae,#m (tropical trees having papery leaves and large fruit) }
{ Bumelia, genus_Bumelia, dicot_genus,@ family_Sapotaceae,#m (deciduous or evergreen American shrubs small trees having very hard wood and milky latex) }
{ buckthorn1, shrub,@ genus_Bumelia,#m (any shrub or small tree of the genus Bumelia) }
{ southern_buckthorn, shittimwood2, shittim, mock_orange3, Bumelia_lycioides, buckthorn1,@ (shrubby thorny deciduous tree of southeastern United States with white flowers and small black drupaceous fruit) }
{ false_buckthorn, chittamwood1, chittimwood1, shittimwood1, black_haw2, Bumelia_lanuginosa, buckthorn1,@ (deciduous tree of southeastern United States and Mexico) }
{ Calocarpum, genus_Calocarpum, dicot_genus,@ family_Sapotaceae,#m (a genus of tropical American trees of the family Sapotaceae) }
{ Chrysophyllum, genus_Chrysophyllum, dicot_genus,@ family_Sapotaceae,#m (tropical American evergreen trees or shrubs) }
{ star_apple, caimito, Chrysophyllum_cainito, fruit_tree,@ genus_Chrysophyllum,#m (evergreen tree of West Indies and Central America having edible purple fruit star-shaped in cross section and dark green leaves with golden silky undersides) }
{ satinleaf, satin_leaf, caimitillo, damson_plum2, Chrysophyllum_oliviforme, angiospermous_tree,@ (tropical American timber tree with dark hard heavy wood and small plumlike purple fruit) }
{ Manilkara, genus_Manilkara, dicot_genus,@ family_Sapotaceae,#m (genus of large evergreen trees with milky latex; pantropical) }
{ balata, balata_tree, beefwood, bully_tree, Manilkara_bidentata, tree,@ (a tropical hardwood tree yielding balata gum and heavy red timber) }
{ balata2, gutta_balata, noun.substance:gum,@ balata_tree,#s (when dried yields a hard substance used e.g. in golf balls) }
{ sapodilla, sapodilla_tree, Manilkara_zapota, Achras_zapota, fruit_tree,@ genus_Manilkara,#p (large tropical American evergreen yielding chicle gum and edible fruit; sometimes placed in genus Achras) }
{ Palaquium, genus_Palaquium, dicot_genus,@ family_Sapotaceae,#m (large genus of Malaysian trees with milky juice and leathery leaves) }
{ gutta-percha_tree1, Palaquium_gutta, tree,@ genus_Palaquium,#m (one of several East Indian trees yielding gutta-percha) }
{ Payena, genus_Payena, dicot_genus,@ family_Sapotaceae,#m (genus of medium to large Malaysian trees yielding gutta-percha) }
{ gutta-percha_tree2, tree,@ genus_Payena,#m (one of several East Indian trees yielding gutta-percha) }
{ Pouteria, genus_Pouteria, dicot_genus,@ family_Sapotaceae,#m (tropical American timber tree with edible fruit (canistel)) }
{ canistel, canistel_tree, Pouteria_campechiana_nervosa, fruit_tree,@ genus_Pouteria,#m (tropical tree of Florida and West Indies yielding edible fruit) }
{ marmalade_tree, mammee2, sapote, Pouteria_zapota, Calocarpum_zapota, tree,@ genus_Pouteria,#m (tropical American tree having wood like mahogany and sweet edible egg-shaped fruit; in some classifications placed in the genus Calocarpum) }

{ Symplocaceae, family_Symplocaceae, sweetleaf_family, dicot_family,@ order_Ebenales,#m (a dicotyledonous family of order Ebenales) }
{ Symplocus, genus_Symplocus, dicot_genus,@ family_Symplocaceae,#m (type and sole genus of Symplocaceae including sweetleaf) }
{ sweetleaf, Symplocus_tinctoria, angiospermous_yellowwood,@ genus_Symplocus,#m (small yellowwood tree of southern United States having small fragrant white flowers; leaves and bark yield a yellow dye) }
{ Asiatic_sweetleaf, sapphire_berry, Symplocus_paniculata, flowering_shrub,@ (deciduous shrub of eastern Asia bearing decorative bright blue fruit) }

{ Styracaceae, family_Styracaceae, storax_family, styrax_family, dicot_family,@ order_Ebenales,#m (a widely distributed family of shrubs and trees of order Ebenales) }
{ storax, noun.substance:natural_resin,@ (a vanilla-scented resin from various trees of the genus Styrax) }
{ genus_Styrax, dicot_genus,@ family_Styracaceae,#m (deciduous or evergreen shrubs and small trees) }
{ styrax, shrub,@ genus_Styrax,#m (any shrub or small tree of the genus Styrax having fragrant bell-shaped flowers that hang below the dark green foliage) }
{ snowbell, Styrax_obassia, styrax,@ (small tree native to Japan) }
{ Japanese_snowbell, Styrax_japonicum, styrax,@ (shrubby tree of China and Japan) }
{ Texas_snowbell, Texas_snowbells, Styrax_texana, styrax,@ (styrax of southwestern United States; a threatened species) }
{ Halesia, genus_Halesia, dicot_genus,@ family_Styracaceae,#m (deciduous small trees or shrubs of China and eastern North America) }
{ silver_bell, flowering_tree,@ genus_Halesia,#m (any of various deciduous trees of the genus Halesia having white bell-shaped flowers) }
{ silver-bell_tree, silverbell_tree, snowdrop_tree, opossum_wood, Halesia_carolina, Halesia_tetraptera, silver_bell,@ (medium-sized tree of West Virginia to Florida and Texas) }

{ carnivorous_plant, herb,@ (plants adapted to attract and capture and digest primarily insects but also other small animals) }

{ Sarraceniales, order_Sarraceniales, plant_order,@ class_Dicotyledones,#m (plants that are variously modified to serve as insect traps: families Sarraceniaceae; Nepenthaceae; Droseraceae) }
{ Sarraceniaceae, family_Sarraceniaceae, pitcher-plant_family, dicot_family,@ order_Sarraceniales,#m (insectivorous plants) }
{ Sarracenia, genus_Sarracenia, dicot_genus,@ family_Sarraceniaceae,#m (pitcher plants) }
{ pitcher_plant, carnivorous_plant,@ order_Sarraceniales,#m (any of several insectivorous herbs of the order Sarraceniales) }
{ common_pitcher_plant, huntsman's_cup, huntsman's_cups, Sarracenia_purpurea, pitcher_plant,@ genus_Sarracenia,#m (perennial bog herb having dark red flowers and decumbent broadly winged pitchers forming a rosette; of northeastern North America and naturalized in Europe especially Ireland) }
{ pitcher, leaf,@ noun.cognition:botany,;c ((botany) a leaf that that is modified in such a way as to resemble a pitcher or ewer) }
{ hooded_pitcher_plant, Sarracenia_minor, pitcher_plant,@ genus_Sarracenia,#m (yellow-flowered pitcher plant of southeastern United States having trumpet-shaped leaves with the orifice covered with an arched hood) }
{ huntsman's_horn, huntsman's_horns, yellow_trumpet, yellow_pitcher_plant, trumpets, Sarracenia_flava, pitcher_plant,@ genus_Sarracenia,#m (pitcher plant of southeastern United States having erect yellow trumpet-shaped pitchers with wide mouths and erect lids) }
{ Darlingtonia, genus_Darlingtonia, dicot_genus,@ family_Sarraceniaceae,#m (one species: California pitcher plant) }
{ California_pitcher_plant, Darlingtonia_californica, pitcher_plant,@ genus_Darlingtonia,#m (marsh or bog herb having solitary pendulous yellow-green flowers and somewhat twisted pitchers with broad wings below) }
{ Heliamphora, genus_Heliamphora, dicot_genus,@ family_Sarraceniaceae,#m (genus of pitcher plants of the Guiana Highlands in South America) }
{ sun_pitcher, pitcher_plant,@ genus_Heliamphora,#m (any of several herbs of Guiana highlands having racemes of nodding white or pink flowers; trap and digest insects in pitcher-shaped leaves with spoon-shaped caps) }

{ Nepenthaceae, family_Nepenthaceae, dicot_family,@ order_Sarraceniales,#m (coextensive with the genus Nepenthes) }
{ Nepenthes, genus_Nepenthes, dicot_genus,@ family_Nepenthaceae,#m (pitcher plants) }
{ tropical_pitcher_plant, pitcher_plant,@ genus_Nepenthes,#m (any of several tropical carnivorous shrubs or woody herbs of the genus Nepenthes) }

{ Droseraceae, family_Droseraceae, sundew_family, dicot_family,@ order_Sarraceniales,#m (a family of carnivorous herbs and shrubs) }
{ Drosera, genus_Drosera, dicot_genus,@ family_Droseraceae,#m (the type genus of Droseraceae including many low bog-inhabiting insectivorous plants) }
{ sundew, sundew_plant, daily_dew, carnivorous_plant,@ genus_Drosera,#m (any of various bog plants of the genus Drosera having leaves covered with sticky hairs that trap and digest insects; cosmopolitan in distribution) }
{ Dionaea, genus_Dionaea, dicot_genus,@ family_Droseraceae,#m (a genus of the family Droseraceae) }
{ Venus's_flytrap, Venus's_flytraps, Dionaea_muscipula, carnivorous_plant,@ genus_Dionaea,#m (carnivorous plant of coastal plains of the Carolinas having sensitive hinged marginally bristled leaf blades that close and entrap insects) }
{ Aldrovanda, genus_Aldrovanda, dicot_genus,@ family_Droseraceae,#m (one species: waterwheel plant) }
{ waterwheel_plant, Aldrovanda_vesiculosa, carnivorous_plant,@ genus_Aldrovanda,#m (floating aquatic carnivorous perennial of central and southern Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia having whorls of 6 to 9 leaves ending in hinged lobes for capturing e.g. water fleas) }
{ Drosophyllum, genus_Drosophyllum, dicot_genus,@ family_Droseraceae,#m (one species) }
{ Drosophyllum_lusitanicum, carnivorous_plant,@ genus_Drosophyllum,#m (perennial of dry habitats whose leaves have glandular hairs that secrete adhesive and digestive fluid for capture and digestion of insects; Portugal, southern Spain and Morocco) }

{ Roridulaceae, family_Roridulaceae, dicot_family,@ order_Sarraceniales,#m (in some classifications included in the family Droseraceae) }
{ genus_Roridula, dicot_genus,@ family_Roridulaceae,#m (insectivorous undershrubs of South Africa; in some classifications placed in the family Droseraceae) }
{ roridula, carnivorous_plant,@ genus_Roridula,#m (either of 2 species of the genus Roridula; South African viscid perennial low-growing woody shrubs) }

{ Cephalotaceae, family_Cephalotaceae, rosid_dicot_family,@ order_Rosales,#m (a family of plants of order Rosales; coextensive with the genus Cephalotus) }
{ Cephalotus, genus_Cephalotus, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cephalotaceae,#m (one species: Australian pitcher plant) }
{ Australian_pitcher_plant, Cephalotus_follicularis, herb,@ genus_Cephalotus,#m (a carnivorous perennial herb having a green pitcher and hinged lid both with red edges; western Australia) }

(==rosidae)
{ Crassulaceae, family_Crassulaceae, stonecrop_family, plant_family,@ order_Rosales,#m (succulent shrubs and herbs) }
{ Crassula, genus_Crassula, plant_genus,@ family_Crassulaceae,#m (type genus of Crassulaceae; herbs and small shrubs having woody stems and succulent aerial parts) }
(==)
{ genus_Sedum, plant_genus,@ family_Crassulaceae,#m (large genus of rock plants having thick fleshy leaves) }
{ sedum, herb,@ genus_Sedum,#m (any of various plants of the genus Sedum) }
{ stonecrop, sedum,@ genus_Sedum,#m (any of various northern temperate plants of the genus Sedum having fleshy leaves and red or yellow or white flowers) }
{ wall_pepper, Sedum_acre, stonecrop,@ genus_Sedum,#m (mossy European creeping sedum with yellow flowers; widely introduced as a ground cover) }
{ rose-root, midsummer-men, Sedum_rosea, sedum,@ genus_Sedum,#m (Eurasian mountain plant with fleshy pink-tipped leaves and a cluster of yellow flowers) }
(== above and below in other genera?)
{ orpine, orpin, livelong, live-forever, Sedum_telephium, sedum,@ genus_Sedum,#m (perennial northern temperate plant with toothed leaves and heads of small purplish-white flowers) }
{ Aeonium, genus_Aeonium, plant_genus,@ family_Crassulaceae,#m (a genus of plants of the family Crassulaceae) }
{ pinwheel1, Aeonium_haworthii, subshrub,@ genus_Aeonium,#m (perennial subshrub of Tenerife having leaves in rosettes resembling pinwheels) }

(==)
{ Cunoniaceae, family_Cunoniaceae, cunonia_family, rosid_dicot_family,@ order_Rosales,#m (trees or shrubs or climbers; mostly southern hemisphere) }
{ Ceratopetalum, genus_Ceratopetalum, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cunoniaceae,#m (a dicotyledonous genus of the family Cunoniaceae) }
{ Christmas_bush, Christmas_tree4, Ceratopetalum_gummiferum, tree,@ genus_Ceratopetalum,#m (Australian tree or shrub with red flowers; often used in Christmas decoration) }

(==)
{ Hydrangeaceae, family_Hydrangeaceae, hydrangea_family, rosid_dicot_family,@ order_Rosales,#m (sometimes included in the family Saxifragaceae) }
{ genus_Hydrangea, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Hydrangeaceae,#m (type genus of Hydrangeaceae; large genus of shrubs and some trees and vines with white or pink or blue flower clusters; sometimes placed in family Saxifragaceae) }
{ hydrangea, shrub,@ genus_Hydrangea,#m (any of various deciduous or evergreen shrubs of the genus Hydrangea) }
{ climbing_hydrangea2, Hydrangea_anomala, hydrangea,@ genus_Hydrangea,#m (deciduous climber with aerial roots having white to creamy flowers in fairly flat heads) }
{ wild_hydrangea, Hydrangea_arborescens, hydrangea,@ genus_Hydrangea,#m (deciduous shrub with creamy white flower clusters; eastern United States) }
{ hortensia, Hydrangea_macrophylla_hortensis, hydrangea,@ genus_Hydrangea,#m (deciduous shrub bearing roundheaded flower clusters opening green and aging to pink or blue) }
{ fall-blooming_hydrangea, Hydrangea_paniculata, hydrangea,@ genus_Hydrangea,#m (deciduous shrub or small tree with pyramidal flower clusters) }
{ climbing_hydrangea3, Hydrangea_petiolaris, hydrangea,@ genus_Hydrangea,#m (deciduous climber with aerial roots having large flat flower heads) }

{ genus_Carpenteria, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Hydrangeaceae,#m (one species; sometimes placed in family Saxifragaceae) }
{ carpenteria, Carpenteria_californica, hydrangea,@ genus_Carpenteria,#m (California evergreen shrub having glossy opposite leaves and terminal clusters of a few fragrant white flowers) }
{ Decumaria, genus_Decumaria, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Hydrangeaceae,#m (small genus of woody climbers with adhesive aerial roots; sometimes placed in family Saxifragaceae) }
{ decumary, Decumaria_barbata, Decumaria_barbara, hydrangea,@ genus_Decumaria,#m (woody climber of southeastern United States having white flowers in compound terminal clusters) }
{ genus_Deutzia, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Hydrangeaceae,#m (genus of ornamental mostly deciduous shrubs native to Asia and Central America; widespread in cultivation; sometimes placed in family Saxifragaceae) }
{ deutzia, hydrangea,@ genus_Deutzia,#m (any of various shrubs of the genus Deutzia having usually toothed opposite leaves and shredding bark and white or pink flowers in loose terminal clusters) }

{ Philadelphaceae, subfamily_Philadelphaceae, rosid_dicot_family,@ family_Hydrangeaceae,#m (one genus; usually included in family Hydrangeaceae) }
{ genus_Philadelphus, rosid_dicot_genus,@ subfamily_Philadelphaceae,#m (mock orange: type and sole genus of the subfamily Philadelphaceae; sometimes placed in family Saxifragaceae) }
{ philadelphus, shrub,@ genus_Philadelphus,#m (any of various chiefly deciduous ornamental shrubs of the genus Philadelphus having white sweet-scented flowers, single or in clusters; widely grown in temperate regions) }
{ mock_orange1, syringa2, Philadelphus_coronarius, philadelphus,@ genus_Philadelphus,#m (large hardy shrub with showy and strongly fragrant creamy-white flowers in short terminal racemes) }

{ Schizophragma, genus_Schizophragma, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Hydrangeaceae,#m (small genus of deciduous climbing and creeping shrubs with white flowers in flat clusters; sometimes placed in family Saxifragaceae) }
{ climbing_hydrangea1, Schizophragma_hydrangeoides, shrub,@ genus_Schizophragma,#m (climbing shrub with adhesive aerial roots having opposite leaves and small white flowers in terminal cymes; Himalayas to Taiwan and Japan) }

(++)
{ Saxifragaceae, family_Saxifragaceae, saxifrage_family, rosid_dicot_family,@ order_Rosales,#m (a large and diverse family of evergreen or deciduous herbs; widely distributed in northern temperate and cold regions; sometimes includes genera of the family Hydrangeaceae) }
{ Saxifraga, genus_Saxifraga, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Saxifragaceae,#m (type genus of the Saxifragaceae; large genus of usually perennial herbs of Arctic and cool regions of northern hemisphere: saxifrage) }
(==)
{ saxifrage, breakstone, rockfoil, herb,@ genus_Saxifraga,#m (any of various plants of the genus Saxifraga) }
{ yellow_mountain_saxifrage, Saxifraga_aizoides, saxifrage,@ genus_Saxifraga,#m (tufted evergreen perennial having ciliate leaves and yellow corymbose flowers often spotted orange) }
{ meadow_saxifrage, fair-maids-of-France, Saxifraga_granulata, saxifrage,@ genus_Saxifraga,#m (rosette-forming perennial having compact panicles of white flowers; Europe) }
{ mossy_saxifrage, Saxifraga_hypnoides, saxifrage,@ genus_Saxifraga,#m (tufted or mat-forming perennial of mountains of Europe; cultivated for its white flowers) }
{ western_saxifrage, Saxifraga_occidentalis, saxifrage,@ genus_Saxifraga,#m (saxifrage having loose clusters of white flowers on hairy stems growing from a cluster of basal leaves; moist slopes of western North America) }
{ purple_saxifrage, Saxifraga_oppositifolia, saxifrage,@ genus_Saxifraga,#m (plants forming dense cushions with bright reddish-lavender flowers; rocky areas of Europe and Asia and western North America) }
{ star_saxifrage, starry_saxifrage, Saxifraga_stellaris, saxifrage,@ genus_Saxifraga,#m (small often mat-forming alpine plant having small starlike white flowers; Europe) }
{ strawberry_geranium, strawberry_saxifrage, mother-of-thousands, Saxifraga_stolonifera, Saxifraga_sarmentosam, saxifrage,@ genus_Saxifraga,#m (eastern Asiatic saxifrage with racemes of small red-and-white flowers; spreads by numerous creeping stolons) }

{ genus_Astilbe, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Saxifragaceae,#m (chiefly Asiatic perennials: spirea) }
{ astilbe, herb,@ genus_Astilbe,#m (any plant of the genus Astilbe having compound leaves and showy panicles of tiny colorful flowers) }
{ false_goatsbeard, Astilbe_biternata, astilbe,@ (North American astilbe with panicles of creamy white flowers) }
{ dwarf_astilbe, Astilbe_chinensis_pumila, astilbe,@ (mat-forming evergreen Asiatic plant with finely cut leaves and small pink to burgundy flowers; grown as ground cover) }
{ spirea2, spiraea2, Astilbe_japonica, astilbe,@ (a Japanese shrub that resembles members of the genus Spiraea; widely cultivated in many varieties for its dense panicles of flowers in many colors; often forced by florists for Easter blooming) }

{ genus_Bergenia, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Saxifragaceae,#m (genus of perennial spring-blooming rhizomatous herbs with thick evergreen leaves; eastern Asia) }
{ bergenia, herb,@ genus_Bergenia,#m (any plant of the genus Bergenia; valued as an evergreen ground cover and for the spring blossoms) }
{ Boykinia, genus_Boykinia, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Saxifragaceae,#m (genus of perennial rhizomatous herbs with flowers in panicles; North America; Japan) }
{ coast_boykinia, Boykinia_elata, Boykinia_occidentalis, wildflower,@ genus_Boykinia,#m (plant with leaves mostly at the base and openly branched clusters of small white flowers; western North America) }

{ Chrysosplenium, genus_Chrysosplenium, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Saxifragaceae,#m (genus of widely distributed semiaquatic herbs with minute greenish-yellow apetalous flowers) }
{ golden_saxifrage, golden_spleen, aquatic_plant,@ genus_Chrysosplenium,#m (any of various low aquatic herbs of the genus Chrysosplenium) }
{ water_carpet, water_mat, Chrysosplenium_americanum, golden_saxifrage,@ genus_Chrysosplenium,#m (aquatic herb with yellowish flowers; central and western United States) }

{ Darmera, genus_Darmera, Peltiphyllum, genus_Peltiphyllum, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Saxifragaceae,#m (one species) }
{ umbrella_plant, Indian_rhubarb, Darmera_peltata, Peltiphyllum_peltatum, herb,@ genus_Darmera,#m (rhizomatous perennial herb with large dramatic peltate leaves and white to bright pink flowers in round heads on leafless stems; colonizes stream banks in the Sierra Nevada in California) }

{ Francoa, genus_Francoa, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Saxifragaceae,#m (perennial evergreen herbs with white or pink flowers; Chile) }
{ bridal_wreath2, bridal-wreath2, Francoa_ramosa, shrub,@ genus_Francoa,#m (Chilean evergreen shrub having delicate spikes of small white flowers) }

{ Heuchera, genus_Heuchera, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Saxifragaceae,#m (genus of North American herbs with basal cordate or orbicular leaves and small panicled flowers) }
{ alumroot, alumbloom, herb,@ genus_Heuchera,#m (any of several herbs of the genus Heuchera) }
{ rock_geranium, Heuchera_americana, alumroot,@ (plant with basal leaves mottled with white and flowers in lax panicles on erect stems) }
{ poker_alumroot, poker_heuchera, Heuchera_cylindrica, alumroot,@ genus_Heuchera,#m (plant with leathery heart-shaped leaf blades clustered at base of long stalks with greenish-white flowers clustered along the upper part; western North America) }
{ coralbells, Heuchera_sanguinea, alumroot,@ genus_Heuchera,#m (perennial plant of the western United States having bright red flowers in feathery spikes; used as an ornamental) }

{ Leptarrhena, genus_Leptarrhena, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Saxifragaceae,#m (one species: leatherleaf saxifrage) }
{ leatherleaf_saxifrage, Leptarrhena_pyrolifolia, wildflower,@ genus_Leptarrhena,#m (plant with basal leathery elliptic leaves and erect leafless flower stalks each bearing a dense roundish cluster of tiny white flowers; moist places of northwestern North America to Oregon and Idaho) }
{ Lithophragma, genus_Lithophragma, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Saxifragaceae,#m (small genus of perennial herbs of the western North America) }
{ woodland_star, Lithophragma_affine, Lithophragma_affinis, Tellima_affinis, flower,@ genus_Lithophragma,#m (California perennial herb cultivated for its racemose white flowers with widely spreading petals; sometimes placed in genus Tellima) }
{ prairie_star, Lithophragma_parviflorum, wildflower,@ genus_Lithophragma,#m (plant with mostly basal leaves and slender open racemes of white or pale pink flowers; prairies and open forest of northwestern United States to British Columbia and Alberta) }

{ Mitella, genus_Mitella, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Saxifragaceae,#m (genus of low slender herbs of North America and northeastern Asia having flowers with trifid or pinnatifid petals) }
{ miterwort, mitrewort, bishop's_cap, herb,@ genus_Mitella,#m (any of various rhizomatous perennial herbs of the genus Mitella having a capsule resembling a bishop's miter) }
{ fairy_cup1, Mitella_diphylla, miterwort,@ genus_Mitella,#m (miterwort of northeastern North America usually with two opposite leaves on erect flowering stems that terminate in erect racemes of white flowers) }
{ five-point_bishop's_cap, Mitella_pentandra, miterwort,@ genus_Mitella,#m (small plant with leaves in a basal cluster and tiny greenish flowers in slender racemes; northwestern North America to California and Colorado) }

{ genus_Parnassia, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Saxifragaceae,#m (genus of bog herbs of Arctic and northern temperate regions) }
{ parnassia, grass-of-Parnassus, bog_plant,@ genus_Parnassia,#m (any of various usually evergreen bog plants of the genus Parnassia having broad smooth basal leaves and a single pale flower resembling a buttercup) }
{ bog_star, Parnassia_palustris, parnassia,@ genus_Parnassia,#m (plant having ovate leaves in a basal rosette and white starlike flowers netted with green) }
{ fringed_grass_of_Parnassus, Parnassia_fimbriata, wildflower,@ genus_Parnassia,#m (bog plant with broadly heart-shaped basal leaves and cream-colored or white saucer-shaped flowers with fringed petals; west of Rocky Mountains from Alaska to New Mexico) }

{ genus_Suksdorfia, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Saxifragaceae,#m (small genus of rhizomatous herbs of northwestern America and South America) }
{ suksdorfia, herb,@ genus_Suksdorfia,#m (any of several American plants of the genus Suksdorfia having orbicular to kidney-shaped somewhat succulent leaves and white or rose or violet flowers in terminal panicles) }
{ violet_suksdorfia, Suksdorfia_violaceae, suksdorfia,@ genus_Suksdorfia,#m (slender delicate plant with wide roundish deeply lobed leaves and deep pink to violet funnel-shaped flowers; British Columbia to northern Oregon and west to Idaho and Montana) }

{ Tellima, genus_Tellima, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Saxifragaceae,#m (genus of hardy perennials with palmately lobed leaves and long racemes of small nodding five-petaled flowers; western North America) }
{ false_alumroot, fringe_cups, Tellima_grandiflora, wildflower,@ genus_Tellima,#m (plant growing in clumps with mostly basal leaves and cream-colored or pale pink fringed flowers in several long racemes; Alaska to coastal central California and east to Idaho) }
{ Tiarella, genus_Tiarella, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Saxifragaceae,#m (small genus of North American herbs having mostly basal leaves and slender racemes of delicate white flowers) }
{ foamflower, coolwart, false_miterwort2, false_mitrewort2, Tiarella_cordifolia, herb,@ genus_Tiarella,#m (stoloniferous white-flowered spring-blooming woodland plant) }
{ false_miterwort1, false_mitrewort1, Tiarella_unifoliata, wildflower,@ genus_Tiarella,#m (plant with tiny white flowers hanging in loose clusters on leafy stems; moist woods from Alaska to central California and east to Montana) }
{ Tolmiea, genus_Tolmiea, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Saxifragaceae,#m (one species: pickaback plant) }
{ pickaback_plant, piggyback_plant, youth-on-age, Tolmiea_menziesii, herb,@ genus_Tolmiea,#m (vigorous perennial herb with flowers in erect racemes and having young plants develop at the junction of a leaf blade and the leafstalk) }

{ Grossulariaceae, family_Grossulariaceae, gooseberry_family, plant_family,@ order_Rosales,#m (in some classifications considered a part of the family Saxifragaceae: plants whose fruit is a berry) }
{ Ribes, genus_Ribes, plant_genus,@ family_Grossulariaceae,#m (a flowering shrub bearing currants or gooseberries; native to northern hemisphere) }
{ currant, currant_bush, shrub,@ genus_Ribes,#m (any of various deciduous shrubs of the genus Ribes bearing currants) }
{ red_currant, garden_current, Ribes_rubrum, currant_bush,@ genus_Ribes,#m (cultivated European current bearing small edible red berries) }
{ black_currant, European_black_currant, Ribes_nigrum, currant_bush,@ genus_Ribes,#m (widely cultivated current bearing edible black aromatic berries) }
{ white_currant, Ribes_sativum, currant_bush,@ genus_Ribes,#m (garden currant bearing small white berries) }
{ winter_currant, Ribes_sanguineum, currant_bush,@ genus_Ribes,#m (a flowering shrub) }
{ gooseberry, gooseberry_bush, Ribes_uva-crispa, Ribes_grossularia, shrub,@ genus_Ribes,#m (spiny Eurasian shrub having greenish purple-tinged flowers and ovoid yellow-green or red-purple berries) }

{ Platanaceae, family_Platanaceae, plane-tree_family, rosid_dicot_family,@ order_Rosales,#m (coextensive with the genus Platanus: plane trees) }
{ Platanus, genus_Platanus, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Platanaceae,#m (genus of large monoecious mostly deciduous trees: London plane; sycamore) }
{ plane_tree, sycamore, platan, tree,@ genus_Platanus,#m (any of several trees of the genus Platanus having thin pale bark that scales off in small plates and lobed leaves and ball-shaped heads of fruits) }
{ sycamore2, lacewood, noun.substance:wood,@ sycamore,#s (variably colored and sometimes variegated hard tough elastic wood of a sycamore tree) }
{ London_plane, Platanus_acerifolia, sycamore,@ genus_Platanus,#m (very large fast-growing tree much planted as a street tree) }
{ American_sycamore, American_plane, buttonwood, Platanus_occidentalis, sycamore,@ genus_Platanus,#m (very large spreading plane tree of eastern and central North America to Mexico) }
{ oriental_plane, Platanus_orientalis, sycamore,@ genus_Platanus,#m (large tree of southeastern Europe to Asia Minor) }
{ California_sycamore, Platanus_racemosa, sycamore,@ genus_Platanus,#m (tall tree of Baja California having deciduous bark and large alternate palmately lobed leaves and ball-shaped clusters of flowers) }
{ Arizona_sycamore, Platanus_wrightii, sycamore,@ genus_Platanus,#m (medium-sized tree of Arizona and adjacent regions having deeply lobed leaves and collective fruits in groups of 3 to 5) }

{ Polemoniales, order_Polemoniales, plant_order,@ subclass_Asteridae,#m (Polemoniaceae; Solanaceae; Boraginaceae; Labiatae; Lentibulariaceae; Pedaliaceae; in some classifications includes the order Scrophulariales) }
{ Scrophulariales, order_Scrophulariales, plant_order,@ class_Dicotyledones,#m (used in some classification systems; often included in the order Polemoniales) }

{ [ Polemoniaceae, adj.pert:polemoniaceous,+ ] family_Polemoniaceae, phlox_family, asterid_dicot_family,@ order_Polemoniales,#m (a widely distributed family of chiefly herbaceous plants of the order Polemoniales; often have showy flowers) }

(==asterid_dicot...)
{ genus_Polemonium, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Polemoniaceae,#m (type genus of the Polemoniaceae) }
{ polemonium, herb,@ genus_Polemonium,#m (any plant of the genus Polemonium; most are low-growing often foul-smelling plants of temperate to Arctic regions) }
{ Jacob's_ladder, Greek_valerian1, charity, Polemonium_caeruleum, Polemonium_van-bruntiae, Polymonium_caeruleum_van-bruntiae, polemonium,@ (pinnate-leaved European perennial having bright blue or white flowers) }
{ Greek_valerian2, Polemonium_reptans, polemonium,@ (erect or spreading perennial of the eastern United States) }
{ northern_Jacob's_ladder, Polemonium_boreale, polemonium,@ (perennial erect herb with white flowers; circumboreal) }
{ skunkweed, skunk-weed, Polemonium_viscosum, polemonium,@ (tall herb of the Rocky Mountains having sticky leaves and an offensive smell) }

{ genus_Phlox, plant_genus,@ family_Polemoniaceae,#m (herbaceous to shrubby evergreen or deciduous annuals or perennials, diffuse (spreading) or caespitose (tufted or matted); from Alaska and western Canada to Mexico) }
{ phlox, herbaceous_plant,@ genus_Phlox,#m (any polemoniaceous plant of the genus Phlox; chiefly North American; cultivated for their clusters of flowers) }
{ chickweed_phlox, sand_phlox, Phlox_bifida, Phlox_stellaria, phlox,@ genus_Phlox,#m (low mat-forming herb of rocky places in United States) }
{ moss_pink1, mountain_phlox, moss_phlox, dwarf_phlox, Phlox_subulata, phlox,@ (low tufted perennial phlox with needlelike evergreen leaves and pink or white flowers; native to United States and widely cultivated as a ground cover) }
{ Linanthus, genus_Linanthus, plant_genus,@ family_Polemoniaceae,#m (a genus of herbs of the family Polemoniaceae; found in western United States) }
{ ground_pink, fringed_pink2, moss_pink2, Linanthus_dianthiflorus, phlox,@ genus_Linanthus,#m (low wiry-stemmed branching herb or southern California having fringed pink flowers) }
{ evening-snow, Linanthus_dichotomus, phlox,@ genus_Linanthus,#m (small California annual with white flowers) }

(==)
{ Acanthaceae, family_Acanthaceae, acanthus_family, asterid_dicot_family,@ order_Polemoniales,#m (widely distributed herbs and shrubs and trees; sometimes placed in the order Scrophulariales) }
{ genus_Acanthus, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Acanthaceae,#m (bear's breeches) }
{ acanthus, herbaceous_plant,@ genus_Acanthus,#m (any plant of the genus Acanthus having large spiny leaves and spikes or white or purplish flowers; native to Mediterranean region but widely cultivated) }
{ bear's_breech, bear's_breeches, sea_holly2, Acanthus_mollis, acanthus,@ (widely cultivated southern European acanthus with whitish purple-veined flowers) }
{ Graptophyllum, genus_Graptophyllum, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Acanthaceae,#m (caricature plant) }
{ caricature_plant, Graptophyllum_pictum, shrub,@ genus_Graptophyllum,#m (tropical Old World shrub having purple or red tubular flowers and leaf markings resembling the profile of a human face) }

{ Thunbergia, genus_Thunbergia, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Acanthaceae,#m (a genus of herbs or vines of the family Acanthaceae) }
{ black-eyed_Susan3, black-eyed_Susan_vine, Thunbergia_alata, vine,@ genus_Thunbergia,#m (tropical African climbing plant having yellow flowers with a dark purple center) }

(==asterid_dicot)
{ [ Bignoniaceae, adj.pert:bignoniaceous,+ ] family_Bignoniaceae, asterid_dicot_family,@ order_Polemoniales,#m (trees or shrubs or woody vines or herbs having fruit resembling gourds or capsules; sometimes placed in the order Scrophulariales) }
{ bignoniad, woody_plant,@ family_Bignoniaceae,#m (any woody plant of the family Bignoniaceae) }
{ Bignonia, genus_Bignonia, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Bignoniaceae,#m (one species: cross vine) }
{ cross_vine, trumpet_flower1, quartervine, quarter-vine, Bignonia_capreolata, vine,@ genus_Bignonia,#m (woody flowering vine of southern United States; stems show a cross in transverse section) }
(==)
{ trumpet_creeper, trumpet_vine1, Campsis_radicans, Bignoniaceae,@ (a North American woody vine having pinnate leaves and large red trumpet-shaped flowers) }
{ genus_Catalpa, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Bignoniaceae,#m (a dicotyledonous genus of plants belonging to the family Bignoniaceae; has large flowers (white or mottled) and long terete pods) }
{ catalpa, Indian_bean2, bean_tree,@ genus_Catalpa,#m (tree of the genus Catalpa with large leaves and white flowers followed by long slender pods) }
{ Catalpa_bignioides, catalpa,@ (catalpa tree of southern United States) }
{ Catalpa_speciosa, catalpa,@ (catalpa tree of central United States) }
{ Chilopsis, genus_Chilopsis, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Bignoniaceae,#m (one species: desert willow) }
{ desert_willow, Chilopsis_linearis, shrub,@ genus_Chilopsis,#m (evergreen shrubby tree resembling a willow of dry regions of southwestern North America having showy purplish flowers and long seed pods) }
{ Crescentia, genus_Crescentia, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Bignoniaceae,#m (a genus of tropical American trees of the family Bignoniaceae; has a short trunk and crooked limbs and drooping branches) }
{ calabash, calabash_tree, Crescentia_cujete, tree,@ genus_Crescentia,#m (tropical American evergreen that produces large round gourds) }
{ calabash1, gourd2,@ (round gourd of the calabash tree) }

(==check)
{ Boraginaceae, family_Boraginaceae, borage_family, plant_family,@ order_Polemoniales,#m (a widely distributed family of plants distinguished by circinate flowers and nutlike fruit) }
{ Borago, genus_Borago, plant_genus,@ family_Boraginaceae,#m (perennial herbs of the Mediterranean region) }
{ borage, tailwort, Borago_officinalis, herb,@ genus_Borago,#m (hairy blue-flowered European annual herb long used in herbal medicine and eaten raw as salad greens or cooked like spinach) }
{ Amsinckia, genus_Amsinckia, plant_genus,@ family_Boraginaceae,#m (rough annual herbs of Europe and the Americas: fiddlenecks) }
{ common_amsinckia, Amsinckia_intermedia, herbaceous_plant,@ genus_Amsinckia,#m (annual of western United States with coiled spikes of yellow-orange coiled flowers) }
{ large-flowered_fiddleneck, Amsinckia_grandiflora, herbaceous_plant,@ genus_Amsinckia,#m (annual of the western United States having large coiled flower spikes; a threatened species) }
{ genus_Anchusa, plant_genus,@ family_Boraginaceae,#m (rough and hairy Old World herbs) }
{ anchusa, herbaceous_plant,@ genus_Anchusa,#m (any of various Old World herbs of the genus Anchusa having one-sided clusters of trumpet-shaped flowers) }
{ bugloss1, alkanet, Anchusa_officinalis, anchusa,@ (perennial or biennial herb cultivated for its delicate usually blue flowers) }
{ cape_forget-me-not1, Anchusa_capensis, anchusa,@ (anchusa of southern Africa having blue flowers with white throats) }
{ cape_forget-me-not2, Anchusa_riparia, anchusa,@ (anchusa of southern Africa having blue to red-purple flowers) }
(==)
{ Cordia, genus_Cordia, dicot_genus,@ family_Boraginaceae,#m (tropical deciduous or evergreen trees or shrubs of the family Boraginaceae) }
{ Spanish_elm2, Equador_laurel, salmwood, cypre, princewood2, Cordia_alliodora, flowering_tree,@ genus_Cordia,#m (large tropical American tree of the genus Cordia grown for its abundant creamy white flowers and valuable wood) }
{ princewood1, Spanish_elm1, Cordia_gerascanthus, tree,@ genus_Cordia,#m (tropical American timber tree) }
{ Cynoglossum, genus_Cynoglossum, plant_genus,@ family_Boraginaceae,#m (a large genus of tall rough herbs belonging to the family Boraginaceae) }
{ Chinese_forget-me-not, Cynoglossum_amabile, herbaceous_plant,@ genus_Cynoglossum,#m (biennial east Asian herb grown for its usually bright blue flowers) }
{ hound's-tongue1, Cynoglossum_officinale, herbaceous_plant,@ genus_Cynoglossum,#m (biennial shrub of Europe and western Asia having coarse tongue-shaped leaves and dark reddish-purple flowers) }
{ hound's-tongue2, Cynoglossum_virginaticum, herbaceous_plant,@ genus_Cynoglossum,#m (perennial shrub of North America having coarse tongue-shaped leaves and pale-blue to purple flowers) }
{ Echium, genus_Echium, plant_genus,@ family_Boraginaceae,#m (a genus of bristly herbs and shrubs of the family Boraginaceae) }
{ blueweed, blue_devil, blue_thistle, viper's_bugloss, Echium_vulgare, herbaceous_plant,@ genus_Echium,#m (a coarse prickly European weed with spikes of blue flowers; naturalized in United States) }
{ Hackelia, genus_Hackelia, Lappula, genus_Lappula, plant_genus,@ family_Boraginaceae,#m (stickweed; beggar's lice) }
{ beggar's_lice, beggar_lice, stickweed,@ genus_Hackelia,#m (Eurasian and North American plants having small prickly nutlets that stick to clothing) }
{ stickweed, herbaceous_plant,@ (any of several herbaceous plants having seeds that cling to clothing) }
{ Lithospermum, genus_Lithospermum, plant_genus,@ family_Boraginaceae,#m (annual or perennial herbaceous or shrubby plants; cosmopolitan except Australia) }
{ gromwell, Lithospermum_officinale, herbaceous_plant,@ genus_Lithospermum,#m (European perennial branching plant; occurs in hedgerows and at the edge of woodlands) }
{ puccoon2, Lithospermum_caroliniense, herbaceous_plant,@ genus_Lithospermum,#m (perennial plant of eastern North America having hairy foliage yielding a red or yellow pigment) }
{ hoary_puccoon, Indian_paint1, Lithospermum_canescens, herbaceous_plant,@ genus_Lithospermum,#m (perennial North American plant with greyish hairy foliage yielding a red or yellow pigment) }
{ Mertensia, genus_Mertensia, plant_genus,@ family_Boraginaceae,#m (a genus of herbs belonging to the family Boraginaceae that grow in temperate regions and have blue or purple flowers shaped like funnels) }
{ Virginia_bluebell, Virginia_cowslip, Mertensia_virginica, herbaceous_plant,@ genus_Mertensia,#m (smooth erect herb of eastern North America having entire leaves and showy blue flowers that are pink in bud) }
{ Myosotis, genus_Myosotis, plant_genus,@ family_Boraginaceae,#m (forget-me-nots; scorpion grass) }
{ garden_forget-me-not, Myosotis_sylvatica, herbaceous_plant,@ genus_Myosotis,#m (small biennial to perennial herb of Europe, northern Africa and western Asia having blue, purple or white flowers) }
{ forget-me-not, mouse_ear2, Myosotis_scorpiodes, herbaceous_plant,@ genus_Myosotis,#m (small perennial herb having bright blue or white flowers) }
{ Onosmodium, genus_Onosmodium, plant_genus,@ family_Boraginaceae,#m (a genus of North American perennial herbs of the family Boraginaceae) }
{ false_gromwell, herbaceous_plant,@ genus_Onosmodium,#m (any of several North American perennial herbs with hairy foliage and small yellowish or greenish flowers) }
{ Symphytum, genus_Symphytum, plant_genus,@ family_Boraginaceae,#m (comfrey) }
{ comfrey, cumfrey, herb,@ genus_Symphytum,#m (perennial herbs of Europe and Iran; make rapidly growing groundcover for shaded areas) }
{ common_comfrey, boneset2, Symphytum_officinale, comfrey,@ (European herb having small white, pink or purple flowers; naturalized as a weed in North America) }

{ Convolvulaceae, family_Convolvulaceae, morning-glory_family, dicot_family,@ order_Polemoniales,#m (morning glory; bindweed; sweet potato; plants having trumpet-shaped flowers and a climbing or twining habit) }
{ genus_Convolvulus, dicot_genus,@ family_Convolvulaceae,#m (genus of mostly climbing or scrambling herbs and shrubs: bindweed) }
{ convolvulus, vine,@ genus_Convolvulus,#m (any of numerous plants of the genus Convolvulus) }
{ bindweed, vine,@ family_Convolvulaceae,#m (any of several vines of the genera Convolvulus and Calystegia having a twining habit) }
{ field_bindweed, wild_morning-glory1, Convolvulus_arvensis, bindweed,@ genus_Convolvulus,#m (weakly climbing European perennial with white or pink flowers; naturalized in North America and an invasive weed) }
{ scammony1, Convolvulus_scammonia, convolvulus,@ (twining plant of Asia Minor having cream-colored to purple flowers and long thick roots yielding a cathartic resin) }
{ scammony2, noun.substance:natural_resin,@ (resin from the root of Convolvulus scammonia) }

{ Argyreia, genus_Argyreia, dicot_genus,@ family_Convolvulaceae,#m (woody climbers of tropical Asia to Australia) }
{ silverweed, vine,@ genus_Argyreia,#m (any of various twining shrubs of the genus Argyreia having silvery leaves and showy purple flowers) }

{ Calystegia, genus_Calystegia, dicot_genus,@ family_Convolvulaceae,#m (climbing or scrambling herbs: bindweed) }
{ hedge_bindweed, wild_morning-glory2, Calystegia_sepium, Convolvulus_sepium, bindweed,@ genus_Calystegia,#m (common Eurasian and American wild climber with pink flowers; sometimes placed in genus Convolvulus) }

{ Cuscuta, genus_Cuscuta, dicot_genus,@ family_Convolvulaceae,#m (genus of twining leafless parasitic herbs lacking chlorophyll: dodder) }
{ dodder, vine,@ genus_Cuscuta,#m (a leafless annual parasitic vine of the genus Cuscuta having whitish or yellow filamentous stems; obtain nourishment through haustoria) }
{ love_vine, Cuscuta_gronovii, dodder,@ genus_Cuscuta,#m (leafless parasitic vine with dense clusters of small white bell-shaped flowers on orange-yellow stems that twine around clover or flax) }

{ genus_Dichondra, dicot_genus,@ family_Convolvulaceae,#m (genus of chiefly tropical prostrate perennial herbs with creeping stems that root at the nodes) }
{ dichondra, Dichondra_micrantha, vine,@ genus_Dichondra,#m (a creeping perennial herb with hairy stems and orbicular to reniform leaves and small white to greenish flowers; used as a grass substitute in warm regions) }

{ Ipomoea, genus_Ipomoea, dicot_genus,@ family_Convolvulaceae,#m (morning glory) }
{ morning_glory, vine,@ genus_Ipomoea,#m (any of various twining vines having funnel-shaped flowers that close late in the day) }
{ common_morning_glory1, Ipomoea_purpurea, morning_glory,@ (pantropical annual climbing herb with funnel-shaped blue, purple, pink or white flowers) }
{ common_morning_glory2, Ipomoea_tricolor, morning_glory,@ (annual or perennial climbing herb of Central America having sky-blue flowers; most commonly cultivated morning glory) }
{ cypress_vine, star-glory, Indian_pink1, Ipomoea_quamoclit, Quamoclit_pennata, morning_glory,@ (tropical American annual climber having red (sometimes white) flowers and finely dissected leaves; naturalized in United States and elsewhere) }
{ moonflower, belle_de_nuit, Ipomoea_alba, morning_glory,@ (pantropical climber having white fragrant nocturnal flowers) }
{ sweet_potato, sweet_potato_vine, Ipomoea_batatas, morning_glory,@ (pantropical vine widely cultivated in several varieties for its large sweet tuberous root with orange flesh) }
{ wild_potato_vine, wild_sweet_potato_vine, man-of-the-earth1, manroot, scammonyroot, Ipomoea_panurata, Ipomoea_fastigiata, morning_glory,@ (tropical American prostrate or climbing herbaceous perennial having an enormous starchy root; sometimes held to be source of the sweet potato) }
{ red_morning-glory, star_ipomoea, Ipomoea_coccinea, morning_glory,@ (annual herb having scarlet flowers; the eastern United States) }
{ man-of-the-earth2, Ipomoea_leptophylla, morning_glory,@ (a morning glory with long roots of western United States) }
{ scammony3, Ipomoea_orizabensis, morning_glory,@ (tropical American morning glory) }
{ railroad_vine, beach_morning_glory, Ipomoea_pes-caprae, morning_glory,@ (a prostrate perennial of coastal sand dunes Florida to Texas) }
{ Japanese_morning_glory, Ipomoea_nil, morning_glory,@ (annual Old World tropical climbing herb distinguished by wide color range and frilled or double flowers) }
{ imperial_Japanese_morning_glory, Ipomoea_imperialis, morning_glory,@ (hybrid from Ipomoea nil) }

(== blue_lace, blue_lace_flower, Trachymene_coerulea, Umbelliferae, delicate Australian ornamental annual having flat umbels of tiny blue flowers)

(++complete)
{ Gesneriaceae, family_Gesneriaceae, gesneria_family, asterid_dicot_family,@ order_Polemoniales,#m (large family of tropical herbs or shrubs or lianas; in some classification systems placed in the order Scrophulariales) }
{ gesneriad, woody_plant,@ family_Gesneriaceae,#m (any of numerous tropical or subtropical small shrubs or treelets or epiphytic vines of the family Gesneriaceae: African violet; Cape primroses; gloxinia) }

{ genus_Gesneria, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Gesneriaceae,#m (large genus of tropical American herbs having showy tubular flowers) }
{ gesneria, herb,@ genus_Gesneria,#m (any plant of the genus Gesneria) }

{ genus_Achimenes, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Gesneriaceae,#m (genus of tropical perennial American herbs) }
{ achimenes, hot_water_plant, flower,@ genus_Achimenes,#m (any plant of the genus Achimenes having showy bell-shaped flowers that resemble gloxinias) }

{ genus_Aeschynanthus, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Gesneriaceae,#m (large genus of East Indian ornamental woody epiphytic plants) }
{ aeschynanthus, epiphyte,@ genus_Aeschynanthus,#m (a plant of the genus Aeschynanthus having somewhat red or orange flowers and seeds having distinctive hairs at base and apex) }
{ lipstick_plant, Aeschynanthus_radicans, aeschynanthus,@ (epiphyte or creeping on rocks; Malaysian plant having somewhat fleshy leaves and bright red flowers) }

{ Alsobia, genus_Alsobia, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Gesneriaceae,#m (tropical American herbs sometimes included in genus Episcia) }
{ lace-flower_vine, Alsobia_dianthiflora, Episcia_dianthiflora, flower,@ genus_Alsobia,#m (low-growing creeping perennial of Central America having deeply fringed white flowers; sometimes placed in genus Episcia) }

{ genus_Columnea, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Gesneriaceae,#m (genus of tropical American subshrubs and lianas) }
{ columnea, shrub,@ genus_Columnea,#m (tropical plant having thick hairy somewhat toothed leaves and solitary or clustered yellow to scarlet flowers; many cultivated for their flowers and ornamental foliage) }

{ genus_Episcia, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Gesneriaceae,#m (genus of tropical American herbs having soft hairy foliage) }
{ episcia, houseplant,@ genus_Episcia,#m (any plant of the genus Episcia; usually creeping and stoloniferous and of cascading habit; grown for their colorful foliage and flowers) }

{ genus_Gloxinia, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Gesneriaceae,#m (small genus of tropical American herbs with leafy stems and axillary flowers) }
{ gloxinia, houseplant,@ family_Gesneriaceae,#m (any of several plants of the genera Gloxinia or Sinningia (greenhouse gloxinias) having showy bell-shaped flowers) }
{ Canterbury_bell1, Gloxinia_perennis, gloxinia,@ genus_Gloxinia,#m (herb of Colombia to Peru having pale purple flowers) }

{ genus_Kohleria, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Gesneriaceae,#m (genus of tropical American shrubs) }
{ kohleria, houseplant,@ genus_Kohleria,#m (shrubby herb cultivated for their soft velvety foliage and showy scarlet flowers) }

{ Saintpaulia, genus_Saintpaulia, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Gesneriaceae,#m (east African herb with nodding flowers; widely cultivated) }
{ African_violet, Saintpaulia_ionantha, flower,@ genus_Saintpaulia,#m (tropical African plant cultivated as a houseplant for its violet or white or pink flowers) }

{ Sinningia, genus_Sinningia, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Gesneriaceae,#m (genus of perennial tuberous herbs and shrubs of Central and South America) }
{ florist's_gloxinia, Sinningia_speciosa, Gloxinia_spesiosa, gloxinia,@ genus_Sinningia,#m (South American herb cultivated in many varieties as a houseplant for its large handsome leaves and large variously colored bell-shaped flowers) }

{ genus_Streptocarpus, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Gesneriaceae,#m (large genus of usually stemless African or Asian herbs: Cape primrose) }
{ streptocarpus, flower,@ genus_Streptocarpus,#m (any of various plants of the genus Streptocarpus having leaves in a basal rosette and flowers like primroses) }
{ Cape_primrose, streptocarpus,@ genus_Streptocarpus,#m (any of various African plants of the genus Streptocarpus widely cultivated especially as houseplants for their showy blue or purple flowers) }

(++complete)
{ Hydrophyllaceae, family_Hydrophyllaceae, waterleaf_family, asterid_dicot_family,@ order_Polemoniales,#m (perennial woodland herbs) }
{ Hydrophyllum, genus_Hydrophyllum, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Hydrophyllaceae,#m (waterleaf) }
{ waterleaf, herb,@ genus_Hydrophyllum,#m (any of several plants of the genus Hydrophyllum) }
{ Virginia_waterleaf, Shawnee_salad, shawny, Indian_salad, John's_cabbage, Hydrophyllum_virginianum, waterleaf,@ (showy perennial herb with white flowers; leaves sometimes used as edible greens in southeastern United States) }
{ Emmanthe, genus_Emmanthe, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Hydrophyllaceae,#m (one species: yellow bells) }
{ yellow_bells, California_yellow_bells, whispering_bells, Emmanthe_penduliflora, herb,@ genus_Emmanthe,#m (viscid herb of arid or desert habitats of southwestern United States having pendulous yellow flowers) }
{ Eriodictyon, genus_Eriodictyon, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Hydrophyllaceae,#m (small genus of evergreen shrubs of southwestern United States and Mexico) }
{ yerba_santa, Eriodictyon_californicum, shrub,@ genus_Eriodictyon,#m (viscid evergreen shrub of western United States with white to deep lilac flowers; the sticky aromatic leaves are used in treating bronchial and pulmonary illnesses) }

{ genus_Nemophila, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Hydrophyllaceae,#m (genus of ornamental chiefly California herbs: baby blue-eyes) }
{ nemophila, herb,@ genus_Nemophila,#m (any plant of the genus Nemophila) }
{ baby_blue-eyes, Nemophila_menziesii, herb,@ genus_Nemophila,#m (delicate California annual having blue flowers marked with dark spots) }
{ five-spot, Nemophila_maculata, nemophila,@ (California annual having white flowers with a deep purple blotch on each petal) }

{ genus_Phacelia, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Hydrophyllaceae,#m (American herbs with usually pinnatifid leaves and blue or purple or white flowers in scorpioid cymes) }
{ scorpionweed, scorpion_weed, phacelia, flower,@ genus_Phacelia,#m (any plant of the genus Phacelia) }
{ California_bluebell1, Phacelia_campanularia, phacelia,@ (annual of southern California with intricately branched stems and lax cymes of aromatic deep blue bell-shaped flowers) }
{ California_bluebell2, whitlavia, Phacelia_minor, Phacelia_whitlavia, phacelia,@ (desert plant of southern California with blue or violet tubular flowers in terminal racemes) }
{ fiddleneck, Phacelia_tanacetifolia, phacelia,@ (hairy annual of California to Mexico with crowded cymes of small blue to lilac or mauve flowers) }
{ Pholistoma, genus_Pholistoma, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Hydrophyllaceae,#m (straggling herbs of southwestern United States) }
{ fiesta_flower, Pholistoma_auritum, Nemophila_aurita, herb,@ genus_Pholistoma,#m (straggling California annual herb with deep purple or violet flowers; sometimes placed in genus Nemophila) }

{ Labiatae, family_Labiatae, Lamiaceae, family_Lamiaceae, mint_family, asterid_dicot_family,@ order_Polemoniales,#m (a large family of aromatic herbs and shrubs having flowers resembling the lips of a mouth and four-lobed ovaries yielding four one-seeded nutlets and including mint; thyme; sage; rosemary) }
{ mint1, Labiatae,@ (any member of the mint family of plants) }

{ Acinos, genus_Acinos, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Labiatae,#m (plants closely allied to the genera Satureja and Calamintha) }
{ basil_thyme, basil_balm2, mother_of_thyme, Acinos_arvensis, Satureja_acinos, herb,@ genus_Acinos,#m (fragrant European mint having clusters of small violet-and-white flowers; naturalized especially in eastern North America) }

{ Agastache, genus_Agastache, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Labiatae,#m (giant hyssop; Mexican hyssop) }
{ giant_hyssop, herb,@ genus_Agastache,#m (any of a number of aromatic plants of the genus Agastache) }
{ yellow_giant_hyssop, Agastache_nepetoides, giant_hyssop,@ (erect perennial with stout stems and yellow-green flowers; southern Canada and southeastern United States) }
{ anise_hyssop, Agastache_foeniculum, giant_hyssop,@ (much-branched North American herb with an odor like fennel) }
{ Mexican_hyssop, Agastache_mexicana, giant_hyssop,@ (erect perennial of Mexico having rose to crimson flowers) }

{ Ajuga, genus_Ajuga, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Labiatae,#m (bugle) }
{ bugle, bugleweed1, herb,@ genus_Ajuga,#m (any of various low-growing annual or perennial evergreen herbs native to Eurasia; used for ground cover) }
{ creeping_bugle, Ajuga_reptans, bugle,@ (low rhizomatous European carpeting plant having spikes of blue flowers; naturalized in parts of United States) }
{ erect_bugle, blue_bugle, Ajuga_genevensis, bugle,@ (upright rhizomatous perennial with bright blue flowers; southern Europe) }
{ pyramid_bugle, Ajuga_pyramidalis, bugle,@ (European evergreen carpeting perennial) }
{ ground_pine2, yellow_bugle, Ajuga_chamaepitys, bugle,@ (low-growing annual with yellow flowers dotted red; faintly aromatic of pine resin; Europe, British Isles and North Africa) }

{ Ballota, genus_Ballota, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Labiatae,#m (perennial herbs or subshrubs of especially Mediterranean area: black horehound) }
{ black_horehound, black_archangel, fetid_horehound, stinking_horehound, Ballota_nigra, herb,@ genus_Ballota,#m (ill-smelling European herb with rugose leaves and whorls of dark purple flowers) }

{ Blephilia, genus_Blephilia, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Labiatae,#m (small genus of North American herbs: wood mints) }
{ wood_mint, herb,@ genus_Blephilia,#m (American herb of genus Blephilia with more or less hairy leaves and clusters of purplish or bluish flowers) }
{ hairy_wood_mint, Blephilia_hirsuta, wood_mint,@ genus_Blephilia,#m (a variety of wood mint) }
{ downy_wood_mint, Blephilia_celiata, wood_mint,@ genus_Blephilia,#m (a variety of wood mint) }

{ Calamintha, genus_Calamintha, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Labiatae,#m (calamint) }
{ calamint, herb,@ genus_Calamintha,#m (perennial aromatic herbs growing in hedgerows or scrub or open woodlands from western Europe to central Asia and in North America) }
{ common_calamint, Calamintha_sylvatica, Satureja_calamintha_officinalis, calamint,@ (mint-scented perennial of central and southern Europe) }
{ large-flowered_calamint, Calamintha_grandiflora, Clinopodium_grandiflorum, Satureja_grandiflora, calamint,@ (aromatic herb with large pink flowers; southern and southeastern Europe; Anatolia; northern Iran) }
{ lesser_calamint, field_balm1, Calamintha_nepeta, Calamintha_nepeta_glantulosa, Satureja_nepeta, Satureja_calamintha_glandulosa, calamint,@ (low-growing strongly aromatic perennial herb of southern Europe to Great Britain; naturalized in United States) }

{ Clinopodium, genus_Clinopodium, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Labiatae,#m (wild basil) }
{ wild_basil, cushion_calamint, Clinopodium_vulgare, Satureja_vulgaris, herb,@ genus_Clinopodium,#m (aromatic herb having heads of small pink or whitish flowers; widely distributed in United States, Europe and Asia) }

{ Collinsonia, genus_Collinsonia, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Labiatae,#m (small genus of perennial erect or spreading aromatic herbs; United States) }
{ horse_balm, horseweed2, stoneroot, stone-root, richweed2, stone_root, Collinsonia_canadensis, herb,@ genus_Collinsonia,#m (erect perennial strong-scented with serrate pointed leaves and a loose panicle of yellowish flowers; the eastern United States) }

{ genus_Coleus, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Labiatae,#m (genus of Old World tropical plants cultivated for their variegated leaves; various plants sometimes placed in genera Plectranthus or Solenostemon) }
{ coleus, flame_nettle, herb,@ genus_Coleus,#m (any of various Old World tropical plants of the genus Coleus having multicolored decorative leaves and spikes of blue flowers) }
{ country_borage, Coleus_aromaticus, Coleus_amboinicus, Plectranthus_amboinicus, coleus,@ (an aromatic fleshy herb of India and Ceylon to South Africa; sometimes placed in genus Plectranthus) }
{ painted_nettle, Joseph's_coat1, Coleus_blumei, Solenostemon_blumei, Solenostemon_scutellarioides, coleus,@ (perennial aromatic herb of southeastern Asia having large usually bright-colored or blotched leaves and spikes of blue-violet flowers; sometimes placed in genus Solenostemon) }

{ Conradina, genus_Conradina, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Labiatae,#m (small genus of low aromatic shrubs of southeastern United States) }
{ Apalachicola_rosemary, Conradina_glabra, shrub,@ genus_Conradina,#m (small shrub of Apalachicola River area in southeastern United States having highly aromatic pinkish flowers; a threatened species) }

{ Dracocephalum, genus_Dracocephalum, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Labiatae,#m (genus of American herbs and dwarf shrubs of the mint family: dragonheads) }
{ dragonhead, dragon's_head, Dracocephalum_parviflorum, herb,@ genus_Dracocephalum,#m (American herb having sharply serrate lanceolate leaves and spikes of blue to violet flowers) }

{ genus_Elsholtzia, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Labiatae,#m (genus of Asiatic and African aromatic herbs) }
{ elsholtzia, herb,@ genus_Elsholtzia,#m (any of various aromatic herbs of the genus Elsholtzia having blue or purple flowers in one-sided spikes) }

{ Galeopsis, genus_Galeopsis, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Labiatae,#m (erect annual European herbs) }
{ hemp_nettle, dead_nettle4, Galeopsis_tetrahit, herbaceous_plant,@ genus_Galeopsis,#m (coarse bristly Eurasian plant with white or reddish flowers and foliage resembling that of a nettle; common as a weed in United States) }

{ Glechoma, genus_Glechoma, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Labiatae,#m (ground ivy) }
{ ground_ivy, alehoof, field_balm2, gill-over-the-ground, runaway_robin, Glechoma_hederaceae, Nepeta_hederaceae, vine,@ genus_Glechoma,#m (trailing European aromatic plant of the mint family having rounded leaves and small purplish flowers often grown in hanging baskets; naturalized in North America; sometimes placed in genus Nepeta) }

{ Hedeoma, genus_Hedeoma, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Labiatae,#m noun.location:US,;r (small genus of American herbs (American pennyroyal)) }
{ pennyroyal2, American_pennyroyal, Hedeoma_pulegioides, herb,@ genus_Hedeoma,#m (erect hairy branching American herb having purple-blue flowers; yields an essential oil used as an insect repellent and sometimes in folk medicine) }
{ pennyroyal_oil2, hedeoma_oil, noun.substance:oil,@ American_pennyroyal,#s (aromatic oil from American pennyroyal) }

{ Hyssopus, genus_Hyssopus, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Labiatae,#m (Eurasian genus of perennial herbs or subshrubs) }
{ hyssop, Hyssopus_officinalis, herb,@ genus_Hyssopus,#m (a European mint with aromatic and pungent leaves used in perfumery and as a seasoning in cookery; often cultivated as a remedy for bruises; yields hyssop oil) }
{ hyssop_oil, noun.substance:oil,@ noun.food:Chartreuse,#s (used chiefly in liqueurs) }

{ Lamium, genus_Lamium, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Labiatae,#m (genus of Old World herbs: dead nettles; henbits) }
{ dead_nettle1, herb,@ genus_Lamium,#m (any of various plants of the genus Lamium having clusters of small usually purplish flowers with two lips) }
{ white_dead_nettle, Lamium_album, dead_nettle1,@ genus_Lamium,#m (European dead nettle with white flowers) }
{ henbit, Lamium_amplexicaule, dead_nettle1,@ genus_Lamium,#m (Eurasian plant having toothed leaves and small two-lipped white or purplish-red flowers) }

{ Lavandula, genus_Lavandula, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Labiatae,#m (lavender) }
{ lavender, shrub,@ genus_Lavandula,#m (any of various Old World aromatic shrubs or subshrubs with usually mauve or blue flowers; widely cultivated) }
{ English_lavender, Lavandula_angustifolia, Lavandula_officinalis, lavender,@ (aromatic Mediterranean shrub widely cultivated for its lilac flowers which are dried and used in sachets) }
{ French_lavender1, Lavandula_stoechas, lavender,@ (shrubby greyish lavender of southwestern Europe having usually reddish-purple flowers) }
{ spike_lavender, French_lavender2, Lavandula_latifolia, lavender,@ (Mediterranean plant with pale purple flowers that yields spike lavender oil) }
{ spike_lavender_oil, spike_oil, noun.substance:oil,@ spike_lavender,#s (pale yellow essential oil obtained from spike lavender used in scenting soaps and cosmetics) }

{ Leonotis, genus_Leonotis, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Labiatae,#m (small genus of tropical herbs and subshrubs of South Africa) }
{ dagga, Cape_dagga, red_dagga, wilde_dagga, Leonotis_leonurus, herb,@ genus_Leonotis,#m (relatively nontoxic South African herb smoked like tobacco) }
{ lion's-ear, Leonotis_nepetaefolia, Leonotis_nepetifolia, herb,@ genus_Leonotis,#m (pantropical herb having whorls of striking lipped flowers; naturalized in United States) }

{ Leonurus, genus_Leonurus, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Labiatae,#m (genus of stout Old World herbs having flowers in whorls) }
{ motherwort, Leonurus_cardiaca, herb,@ genus_Leonurus,#m (bitter Old World herb of hedgerows and woodland margins having toothed leaves and white or pale pink flowers) }

{ Lepechinia, genus_Lepechinia, Sphacele, genus_Sphacele, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Labiatae,#m (a dicotyledonous genus of the family Labiatae) }
{ pitcher_sage1, Lepechinia_calycina, Sphacele_calycina, shrub,@ genus_Lepechinia,#m (California plant with woolly stems and leaves and large white flowers) }

{ Lycopus, genus_Lycopus, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Labiatae,#m (small genus of herbs of the mint family) }
{ bugleweed2, Lycopus_virginicus, herb,@ genus_Lycopus,#m (a mildly narcotic and astringent aromatic herb having small whitish flowers; eastern United States) }
{ water_horehound, Lycopus_americanus, herb,@ genus_Lycopus,#m (aromatic perennial herb of United States) }
{ gipsywort, gypsywort, Lycopus_europaeus, herb,@ genus_Lycopus,#m (hairy Eurasian herb with two-lipped white flowers) }

{ genus_Origanum, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Labiatae,#m (a genus of aromatic mints of the family Labiatae) }
{ Majorana, genus_Majorana, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Labiatae,#m (small genus of herbs usually included in the genus Origanum) }
{ origanum, herb,@ genus_Origanum,#m (any of various fragrant aromatic herbs of the genus Origanum used as seasonings) }
{ oregano, marjoram, pot_marjoram, wild_marjoram, winter_sweet2, Origanum_vulgare, origanum,@ genus_Origanum,#m (aromatic Eurasian perennial) }
{ sweet_marjoram, knotted_marjoram, Origanum_majorana, Majorana_hortensis, origanum,@ genus_Origanum,#m (aromatic European plant native to Mediterranean and Turkey; not widespread in Europe) }
{ dittany_of_crete, cretan_dittany, crete_dittany, hop_marjoram, winter_sweet3, Origanum_dictamnus, origanum,@ genus_Origanum,#m (dwarf aromatic shrub of Crete) }

{ Marrubium, genus_Marrubium, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Labiatae,#m (Old World aromatic herbs: horehound) }
{ horehound, herb,@ genus_Marrubium,#m (any of various aromatic herbs of the genus Marrubium) }
{ common_horehound, white_horehound, Marrubium_vulgare, horehound,@ (European aromatic herb with hairy leaves and numerous white flowers in axillary cymes; leaves yield a bitter extract use medicinally and as flavoring) }

{ Melissa, genus_Melissa, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Labiatae,#m (a genus of Old World mints of the family Labiatae) }
{ lemon_balm, garden_balm, sweet_balm, bee_balm1, beebalm1, Melissa_officinalis, herb,@ genus_Melissa,#m (bushy perennial Old World mint having small white or yellowish flowers and fragrant lemon-flavored leaves; a garden escapee in northern Europe and North America) }

{ Mentha, genus_Mentha, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Labiatae,#m (mint plants) }
{ mint, herb,@ genus_Mentha,#m (any north temperate plant of the genus Mentha with aromatic leaves and small mauve flowers) }
{ corn_mint, field_mint, Mentha_arvensis, mint,@ (European mint naturalized in United States) }
{ water-mint, water_mint, Mentha_aquatica, mint,@ (a European mint that thrives in wet places; has a perfume like that of the bergamot orange; naturalized in eastern North America) }
{ bergamot_mint1, lemon_mint1, eau_de_cologne_mint, Mentha_citrata, mint,@ (mint with leaves having perfume like that of the bergamot orange) }
{ horsemint1, Mentha_longifolia, mint,@ (a coarse Old World wild water mint having long leaves and spikelike clusters of flowers; naturalized in the eastern United States) }
{ peppermint, Mentha_piperita, mint,@ (herb with downy leaves and small purple or white flowers that yields a pungent oil used as a flavoring) }
{ spearmint, Mentha_spicata, mint,@ (common garden herb having clusters of small purplish flowers and yielding an oil used as a flavoring) }
{ apple_mint, applemint, Mentha_rotundifolia, Mentha_suaveolens, mint,@ (mint with apple-scented stems of southern and western Europe; naturalized in United States) }
{ pennyroyal1, Mentha_pulegium, mint,@ (Eurasian perennial mint have small lilac-blue flowers and ovate leaves; yields an aromatic oil) }
{ pennyroyal_oil1, noun.substance:oil,@ pennyroyal1,#s (oil from European pennyroyal having an odor like mint; used chiefly in soaps) }

{ Micromeria, genus_Micromeria, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Labiatae,#m (large genus of fragrant chiefly Old World herbs) }
{ yerba_buena, Micromeria_chamissonis, Micromeria_douglasii, Satureja_douglasii, herb,@ genus_Micromeria,#m (trailing perennial evergreen herb of northwestern United States with small white flowers; used medicinally) }
{ savory2, Micromeria_juliana, herb,@ genus_Micromeria,#m (dwarf aromatic shrub of Mediterranean regions) }

{ Molucella, genus_Molucella, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Labiatae,#m (small genus of aromatic herbs of Mediterranean regions; widely cultivated) }
{ molucca_balm, bells_of_Ireland, Molucella_laevis, herb,@ genus_Molucella,#m (aromatic annual with a tall stems of small whitish flowers enclosed in a greatly enlarged saucer-shaped or bell-shaped calyx) }

{ genus_Monarda, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Labiatae,#m (wild bergamot, horsemint, beebalm) }
{ monarda, wild_bergamot, herb,@ genus_Monarda,#m (any of various aromatic herbs of the genus Monarda) }
{ bee_balm2, beebalm2, bergamot_mint2, oswego_tea, Monarda_didyma, wild_bergamot,@ (perennial aromatic herb of eastern North America having variously colored tubular flowers in dense showy heads) }
{ horsemint2, Monarda_punctata, wild_bergamot,@ (tall erect perennial or annual having lanceolate leaves and heads of purple-spotted creamy flowers; many subspecies grown from eastern to southwestern United States and in Mexico) }
{ bee_balm3, beebalm3, Monarda_fistulosa, wild_bergamot,@ (perennial herb of North America) }
{ lemon_mint2, horsemint3, Monarda_citriodora, wild_bergamot,@ (an annual horsemint of central and western United States and northern Mexico) }
{ plains_lemon_monarda, Monarda_pectinata, wild_bergamot,@ (annual of southern United States) }
{ basil_balm1, Monarda_clinopodia, wild_bergamot,@ (perennial herb of North America (New York to Illinois and mountains of Alaska) having aromatic leaves and clusters of yellowish-pink balls) }

{ Monardella, genus_Monardella, dicot_genus,@ family_Labiatae,#m (a genus of fragrant herbs of the family Labiatae in the western United States) }
{ mustang_mint, Monardella_lanceolata, herbaceous_plant,@ genus_Monardella,#m (fragrant California annual herb having lanceolate leaves and clusters of rose-purple flowers) }

{ Nepeta, genus_Nepeta, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Labiatae,#m (catmint) }
{ catmint, catnip, Nepeta_cataria, herb,@ genus_Nepeta,#m (hairy aromatic perennial herb having whorls of small white purple-spotted flowers in a terminal spike; used in the past as a domestic remedy; strongly attractive to cats) }

{ Ocimum, genus_Ocimum, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Labiatae,#m (basil) }
{ basil, herb,@ genus_Ocimum,#m (any of several Old World tropical aromatic annual or perennial herbs of the genus Ocimum) }
{ common_basil, sweet_basil, Ocimum_basilicum, basil,@ (annual or perennial of tropical Asia having spikes of small white flowers and aromatic leaves; one of the most important culinary herbs; used in salads, casseroles, sauces and some liqueurs) }

{ Perilla, genus_Perilla, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Labiatae,#m (small genus of Asiatic herbs) }
{ beefsteak_plant2, Perilla_frutescens_crispa, herb,@ genus_Perilla,#m (plant grown for its ornamental red or purple foliage) }

{ genus_Phlomis, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Labiatae,#m (large genus of Old World aromatic herbs or subshrubs or shrubs having often woolly leaves) }
{ phlomis, subshrub,@ genus_Phlomis,#m (any of various plants of the genus Phlomis; grown primarily for their dense whorls of lipped flowers and attractive foliage) }
{ Jerusalem_sage, Phlomis_fruticosa, subshrub,@ genus_Phlomis,#m (a spreading subshrub of Mediterranean regions cultivated for dense axillary whorls of purple or yellow flowers) }

{ genus_Physostegia, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Labiatae,#m (genus of North American perennial herbs) }
{ physostegia, herb,@ genus_Physostegia,#m (any of various plants of the genus Physostegia having sessile linear to oblong leaves and showy white or rose or lavender flowers) }
{ false_dragonhead, false_dragon_head, obedient_plant, Physostegia_virginiana, physostegia,@ (North American plant having a spike of two-lipped pink or white flowers) }

{ genus_Plectranthus, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Labiatae,#m (large genus of ornamental flowering plants; includes some plants often placed in the genus Coleus) }
{ plectranthus, houseplant,@ genus_Plectranthus,#m (any of various ornamental plants of the genus Plectranthus) }

{ Pogostemon, genus_Pogostemon, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Labiatae,#m (genus of Asiatic shrubs or trees whose leaves yield a fragrant oil) }
{ patchouli, patchouly, pachouli, Pogostemon_cablin, shrub,@ genus_Pogostemon,#m (small East Indian shrubby mint; fragrant oil from its leaves is used in perfumes) }

{ Prunella, genus_Prunella, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Labiatae,#m (small genus of perennial mostly Eurasian having terminal spikes of small purplish or white flowers) }
{ self-heal, heal_all2, Prunella_vulgaris, herb,@ genus_Prunella,#m (decumbent blue-flowered European perennial thought to possess healing properties; naturalized throughout North America) }

{ Pycnanthemum, genus_Pycnanthemum, Koellia, genus_Koellia, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Labiatae,#m (American mountain mint) }
{ mountain_mint, herb,@ genus_Pycnanthemum,#m (any of a number of perennial herbs of the genus Pycnanthemum; eastern North America and California) }
{ basil_mint, Pycnanthemum_virginianum, mountain_mint,@ (perennial herb of the eastern United States having inconspicuous greenish flowers and narrow leaves that are very aromatic when bruised) }

{ Rosmarinus, genus_Rosmarinus, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Labiatae,#m (rosemary) }
{ rosemary, Rosmarinus_officinalis, herb,@ genus_Rosmarinus,#m (widely cultivated for its fragrant grey-green leaves used in cooking and in perfumery) }

{ genus_Salvia, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Labiatae,#m (large genus of shrubs and subshrubs of the mint family varying greatly in habit: sage) }
{ sage, salvia, herb,@ genus_Salvia,#m (any of various plants of the genus Salvia; a cosmopolitan herb) }
{ blue_sage1, Salvia_azurea, sage,@ (blue-flowered sage of dry prairies of the eastern United States) }
{ clary_sage, Salvia_clarea, sage,@ (stout Mediterranean sage with white or pink or violet flowers; yields oil used as a flavoring and in perfumery) }
{ blue_sage2, mealy_sage, Salvia_farinacea, sage,@ (Texas sage having intensely blue flowers) }
{ blue_sage3, Salvia_reflexa, Salvia_lancifolia, sage,@ (sage of western North America to Central America having violet-blue flowers; widespread in cultivation) }
{ purple_sage, chaparral_sage, Salvia_leucophylla, sage,@ (silvery-leaved California herb with purple flowers) }
{ cancerweed, cancer_weed, Salvia_lyrata, sage,@ (sage of eastern United States) }
{ common_sage, ramona, Salvia_officinalis, sage,@ (shrubby plant with aromatic greyish-green leaves used as a cooking herb) }
{ meadow_clary, Salvia_pratensis, sage,@ (tall perennial Old World salvia with violet-blue flowers; found in open grasslands) }
{ clary, Salvia_sclarea, sage,@ (aromatic herb of southern Europe; cultivated in Great Britain as a potherb and widely as an ornamental) }
{ pitcher_sage2, Salvia_spathacea, sage,@ (California erect and sparsely branched perennial) }
{ Mexican_mint, Salvia_divinorum, sage,@ (an herb from Oaxaca that has a powerful hallucinogenic effect; the active ingredient is salvinorin) }
{ wild_sage, wild_clary, vervain_sage, Salvia_verbenaca, sage,@ (Eurasian sage with blue flowers and foliage like verbena; naturalized in United States) }

{ Satureja, genus_Satureja, Satureia, genus_Satureia, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Labiatae,#m (savory) }
{ savory1, herb,@ genus_Satureja,#m (any of several aromatic herbs or subshrubs of the genus Satureja having spikes of flowers attractive to bees) }
{ summer_savory, Satureja_hortensis, Satureia_hortensis, savory1,@ (erect annual herb with oval leaves and pink flowers; used to flavor e.g. meats or soups or salads; southeastern Europe and naturalized elsewhere) }
{ winter_savory, Satureja_montana, Satureia_montana, savory1,@ (erect perennial subshrub having pink or white flowers and leathery leaves with a flavor of thyme; southern Europe) }

{ Scutellaria, genus_Scutellaria, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Labiatae,#m (an asterid dicot genus that includes the skullcaps) }
{ skullcap, helmetflower, herbaceous_plant,@ (a herbaceous plant of the genus Scutellaria which has a calyx that, when inverted, resembles a helmet with its visor raised) }
{ blue_pimpernel, blue_skullcap, mad-dog_skullcap, mad-dog_weed, Scutellaria_lateriflora, herbaceous_plant,@ (an American mint that yields a resinous exudate used especially formerly as an antispasmodic) }

{ Sideritis, genus_Sideritis, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Labiatae,#m (genus of woolly aromatic herbs or subshrubs or shrubs of Mediterranean region) }
{ Solenostemon, genus_Solenostemon, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Labiatae,#m (genus of shrubby often succulent herbs of tropical Africa and Asia; includes some plants often placed in genus Coleus) }

{ Stachys, genus_Stachys, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Labiatae,#m (large genus of usually woolly or hairy herbs or subshrubs or shrubs; temperate eastern hemisphere; tropical Australasia) }
{ hedge_nettle1, dead_nettle2, Stachys_sylvatica, herb,@ genus_Stachys,#m (foul-smelling perennial Eurasiatic herb with a green creeping rhizome) }
{ hedge_nettle2, Stachys_palustris, herb,@ genus_Stachys,#m (perennial herb with an odorless rhizome widespread in moist places in northern hemisphere) }

{ Teucrium, genus_Teucrium, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Labiatae,#m (large widely distributed genus of perennial herbs or shrubs or subshrubs; native to Mediterranean region to western Asia) }
{ germander, subshrub,@ genus_Teucrium,#m (any of various plants of the genus Teucrium) }
{ American_germander, wood_sage2, Teucrium_canadense, germander,@ (subshrub with serrate leaves and cream-colored to pink or purple flowers in spikelike racemes; North America) }
{ wall_germander, Teucrium_chamaedrys, germander,@ (European perennial subshrub with red-purple or bright rose flowers with red and white spots) }
{ cat_thyme, marum, Teucrium_marum, germander,@ (Mediterranean germander having small hairy leaves and reddish purple flowers; attractive to cats) }
{ wood_sage1, Teucrium_scorodonia, germander,@ (European germander with one-sided racemes of yellow flowers; naturalized in North America) }

{ Thymus, genus_Thymus, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Labiatae,#m (large genus of Old World mints: thyme) }
{ thyme, herb,@ genus_Thymus,#m (any of various mints of the genus Thymus) }
{ common_thyme, Thymus_vulgaris, thyme,@ (common aromatic garden perennial native to the western Mediterranean; used in seasonings and formerly as medicine) }
{ wild_thyme, creeping_thyme, Thymus_serpyllum, thyme,@ (aromatic dwarf shrub common on banks and hillsides in Europe; naturalized in United States) }

{ Trichostema, genus_Trichostema, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Labiatae,#m (genus of North American aromatic herbs or subshrubs: blue curls) }
{ blue_curls, subshrub,@ genus_Trichostema,#m (any of several plants of the genus Trichostema having whorls of small blue flowers) }
{ black_sage, wooly_blue_curls, California_romero, Trichostema_lanatum, blue_curls,@ genus_Trichostema,#m (an aromatic plant with wooly leaves found in southern California and Mexico) }
{ turpentine_camphor_weed, camphorweed, vinegarweed, Trichostema_lanceolatum, blue_curls,@ (aromatic plant of western United States) }
{ bastard_pennyroyal, Trichostema_dichotomum, blue_curls,@ (aromatic plant of the eastern United States) }

{ Lentibulariaceae, family_Lentibulariaceae, bladderwort_family, plant_family,@ order_Polemoniales,#m (carnivorous aquatic or bog plants: genera Utricularia, Pinguicula, and Genlisea) }
{ Utricularia, genus_Utricularia, plant_genus,@ family_Lentibulariaceae,#m (bladderworts: large genus of aquatic carnivorous plants; cosmopolitan in distribution) }
{ bladderwort, carnivorous_plant,@ genus_Utricularia,#m (any of numerous aquatic carnivorous plants of the genus Utricularia some of whose leaves are modified as small urn-shaped bladders that trap minute aquatic animals) }
{ Pinguicula, genus_Pinguicula, plant_genus,@ family_Lentibulariaceae,#m (butterworts: a large genus of almost stemless carnivorous bog plants; Europe and America to Antarctica) }
{ butterwort, carnivorous_plant,@ genus_Pinguicula,#m (any of numerous carnivorous bog plants of the genus Pinguicula having showy purple or yellow or white flowers and a rosette of basal leaves coated with a sticky secretion to trap small insects) }
{ genus_Genlisea, plant_genus,@ family_Lentibulariaceae,#m (small genus of carnivorous plants of tropical African swamps) }
{ genlisea, carnivorous_plant,@ genus_Genlisea,#m (rootless carnivorous swamp plants having at the base of the stem a rosette of foliage and leaves consisting of slender tubes swollen in the middle to form traps; each tube passes into two long spirally twisted arms with stiff hairs) }

{ Martyniaceae, family_Martyniaceae, plant_family,@ order_Polemoniales,#m (in most classifications not considered a separate family but included in the Pedaliaceae) }
{ genus_Martynia, plant_genus,@ family_Pedaliaceae,#m (in some classifications includes the unicorn plants) }
{ martynia, Martynia_annua, herbaceous_plant,@ genus_Martynia,#m (sprawling annual or perennial herb of Central America and West Indies having creamy-white to red-purple bell-shaped flowers followed by unusual horned fruit) }

(==)
{ Orobanchaceae, family_Orobanchaceae, broomrape_family, dicot_family,@ order_Polemoniales,#m (brown or yellow leafless herbs; sometimes placed in the order Scrophulariales) }

{ Pedaliaceae, family_Pedaliaceae, sesame_family, plant_family,@ order_Polemoniales,#m (the family of plants of order Polemoniales) }
{ Sesamum, genus_Sesamum, plant_genus,@ family_Pedaliaceae,#m (tropical African and Indian herbs) }
{ sesame, benne, benni, benny, Sesamum_indicum, herb,@ genus_Sesamum,#m (East Indian annual erect herb; source of sesame seed or benniseed and sesame oil) }
{ Proboscidea, genus_Proboscidea, plant_genus,@ family_Pedaliaceae,#m (in some classifications included in the genus Martynia and hence the two taxonomic names for some of the unicorn plants) }
{ common_unicorn_plant, devil's_claw, common_devil's_claw, elephant-tusk, proboscis_flower, ram's_horn, Proboscidea_louisianica, herbaceous_plant,@ genus_Proboscidea,#m (annual of southern United States to Mexico having large whitish or yellowish flowers mottled with purple and a long curving beak) }
{ beak, noun.location:tip,@ (a beaklike, tapering tip on certain plant structures) }
{ sand_devil's_claw, Proboscidea_arenaria, Martynia_arenaria, herbaceous_plant,@ genus_Proboscidea,#m (alternatively placed in genus Martynia) }
{ sweet_unicorn_plant, Proboscidea_fragrans, Martynia_fragrans, herbaceous_plant,@ genus_Proboscidea,#m (a herbaceous plant of the genus Proboscidea) }

(==some genera missing)
{ Scrophulariaceae, family_Scrophulariaceae, figwort_family, foxglove_family, asterid_dicot_family,@ order_Polemoniales,#m (a family of dicotyledonous plants of the order Polemoniales; includes figwort and snapdragon and foxglove and toadflax and speedwell and mullein; in some classifications placed in the order Scrophulariales) }
{ Scrophularia, genus_Scrophularia, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Scrophulariaceae,#m (type genus of Scrophulariaceae; named for the plants' supposed ability to cure scrofula: figworts) }
{ figwort, woody_plant,@ genus_Scrophularia,#m (any of numerous tall coarse woodland plants of the genus Scrophularia) }

{ Antirrhinum, genus_Antirrhinum, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Scrophulariaceae,#m (a genus of herbs of the family Scrophulariaceae with brightly colored irregular flowers) }
{ snapdragon, flower,@ genus_Antirrhinum,#m (a garden plant of the genus Antirrhinum having showy white or yellow or crimson flowers resembling the face of a dragon) }
{ white_snapdragon, Antirrhinum_coulterianum, snapdragon,@ (California plant with slender racemes of white flowers) }
{ yellow_twining_snapdragon, Antirrhinum_filipes, snapdragon,@ (southwestern United States plant with yellow flowers on stems that twist and twine through other vegetation) }
{ Mediterranean_snapdragon, Antirrhinum_majus, snapdragon,@ (perennial native to the Mediterranean but widely cultivated for its purple or pink flowers) }
{ Besseya, genus_Besseya, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Scrophulariaceae,#m (genus of North American spring wildflowers) }
{ kitten-tails, wildflower,@ genus_Besseya,#m (a plant of the genus Besseya having fluffy spikes of flowers) }
{ Alpine_besseya, Besseya_alpina, kitten-tails,@ (small pale plant with dense spikes of pale bluish-violet flowers; of high cold meadows from Wyoming and Utah to New Mexico) }

{ Aureolaria, genus_Aureolaria, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Scrophulariaceae,#m (small genus of North American herbs often root-parasitic and bearing golden-yellow flowers; sometimes placed in genus Gerardia) }
{ false_foxglove1, Aureolaria_pedicularia, Gerardia_pedicularia, herb,@ genus_Aureolaria,#m (multi-stemmed North American annual having solitary axillary dark golden-yellow flowers resembling those of the foxglove; sometimes placed in genus Gerardia) }
{ false_foxglove2, Aureolaria_virginica, Gerardia_virginica, herb,@ genus_Aureolaria,#m (sparsely branched North American perennial with terminal racemes of bright yellow flowers resembling those of the foxglove; sometimes placed in genus Gerardia) }

{ genus_Calceolaria, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Scrophulariaceae,#m (large genus of tropical American herbs and shrubs with showy cymose flowers) }
(==)
{ calceolaria, slipperwort, flower,@ genus_Calceolaria,#m (any garden plant of the genus Calceolaria having flowers with large inflated slipper-shaped lower lip) }

{ Castilleja, genus_Castilleja, Castilleia, genus_Castilleia, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Scrophulariaceae,#m (genus of western North and South American perennials often partially parasitic on roots of grasses) }
{ Indian_paintbrush1, painted_cup, wildflower,@ genus_Castilleja,#m (any of various plants of the genus Castilleja having dense spikes of hooded flowers with brightly colored bracts) }
{ desert_paintbrush, Castilleja_chromosa, Indian_paintbrush1,@ (most common paintbrush of western United States dry lands; having erect stems ending in dense spikes of bright orange to red flowers) }
{ giant_red_paintbrush, Castilleja_miniata, Indian_paintbrush1,@ (wildflower of western North America having ragged clusters of crimson or scarlet flowers) }
{ great_plains_paintbrush, Castilleja_sessiliflora, Indian_paintbrush1,@ (hairy plant with pinkish flowers; Great Plains to northern Mexico) }
{ sulfur_paintbrush, Castilleja_sulphurea, Indian_paintbrush1,@ (plant of moist highland meadows having ragged clusters of pale yellow flowers) }

{ Chelone, genus_Chelone, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Scrophulariaceae,#m (herbaceous perennials: shellflower) }
{ shellflower1, shell-flower1, turtlehead, snakehead, snake-head, Chelone_glabra, marsh_plant,@ genus_Chelone,#m (showy perennial of marshlands of eastern and central North America having waxy lanceolate leaves and flower with lower part creamy white and upper parts pale pink to deep purple) }

{ Collinsia, genus_Collinsia, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Scrophulariaceae,#m (genus of hardy annual herbs of western United States) }
{ purple_chinese_houses, innocense, Collinsia_bicolor, Collinsia_heterophylla, wildflower,@ genus_Collinsia,#m (white and lavender to pale-blue flowers grow in perfect rings of widely spaced bands around the stems forming a kind of pagoda; California) }
{ maiden_blue-eyed_Mary, Collinsia_parviflora, wildflower,@ genus_Collinsia,#m (small widely branching western plant with tiny blue-and-white flowers; British Columbia to Ontario and south to California and Colorado) }
{ blue-eyed_Mary, Collinsia_verna, wildflower,@ genus_Collinsia,#m (eastern United States plant with whorls of blue-and-white flowers) }

{ Culver's_root, Culvers_root, Culver's_physic, Culvers_physic, whorlywort, Veronicastrum_virginicum, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Scrophulariaceae,#m (a tall perennial herb having spikes of small white or purple flowers; common in eastern North America) }

{ genus_Digitalis, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Scrophulariaceae,#m (genus of Eurasian herbs having alternate leaves and racemes of showy bell-shaped flowers) }
{ foxglove, digitalis, herb,@ genus_Digitalis,#m (any of several plants of the genus Digitalis) }
{ common_foxglove, fairy_bell, fingerflower, finger-flower, fingerroot, finger-root, Digitalis_purpurea, foxglove,@ (tall leafy European biennial or perennial having spectacular clusters of large tubular pink-purple flowers; leaves yield drug digitalis and are poisonous to livestock) }
{ yellow_foxglove1, straw_foxglove, Digitalis_lutea, foxglove,@ (European yellow-flowered foxglove) }

{ genus_Gerardia, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Scrophulariaceae,#m (genus of annual or perennial herbs with showy pink or purple or yellow flowers; plants often assigned to genera Aureolaria or Agalinis) }
{ gerardia, flower,@ genus_Gerardia,#m (any plant of the genus Gerardia) }

{ Agalinis, genus_Agalinis, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Scrophulariaceae,#m (semiparasitic herb with purple or white or pink flowers; grows in the United States and West Indies) }

{ Linaria, genus_Linaria, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Scrophulariaceae,#m (genus of herbs and subshrubs having showy flowers: spurred snapdragon) }
{ blue_toadflax, old-field_toadflax, Linaria_canadensis, toadflax,@ (North American plant having racemes of blue-violet flowers) }
{ toadflax, butter-and-eggs, wild_snapdragon, devil's_flax, Linaria_vulgaris, flower,@ genus_Linaria,#m (common European perennial having showy yellow and orange flowers; a naturalized weed in North America) }

{ Penstemon, genus_Penstemon, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Scrophulariaceae,#m (large genus of subshrubs or herbs having showy blue or purple or red or yellow or white flowers; mostly western North America) }
{ golden-beard_penstemon, Penstemon_barbatus, wildflower,@ genus_Penstemon,#m (plant of southwestern United States having long open clusters of scarlet flowers with yellow hairs on lower lip) }
{ scarlet_bugler, Penstemon_centranthifolius, wildflower,@ genus_Penstemon,#m (plant with bright red tubular flowers in long narrow clusters near tips of erect stems; coastal ranges from central California southward) }
{ red_shrubby_penstemon, redwood_penstemon, shrub,@ genus_Penstemon,#m (low branching dark green shrub with bunches of brick-red flowers at ends of branches; coastal ranges and foothills of northern California) }
{ Platte_River_penstemon, Penstemon_cyananthus, wildflower,@ genus_Penstemon,#m (erect plant with blue-violet flowers in rings near tips of stems; Idaho to Utah and Wyoming) }
{ Davidson's_penstemon, Penstemon_davidsonii, wildflower,@ genus_Penstemon,#m (mat-forming plant with blue and lavender flowers clustered on short erect stems; British Columbia to northern California) }
{ hot-rock_penstemon, Penstemon_deustus, wildflower,@ genus_Penstemon,#m (stems in clumps with cream-colored flowers; found from Washington to Wyoming and southward to California and Utah) }
{ Jones'_penstemon, Penstemon_dolius, wildflower,@ genus_Penstemon,#m (low plant with light blue and violet flowers in short clusters near tips of stems; Nevada to Utah) }
{ shrubby_penstemon, lowbush_penstemon, Penstemon_fruticosus, wildflower,@ genus_Penstemon,#m (low bushy plant with large showy pale lavender or blue-violet flowers in narrow clusters at ends of stems) }
{ narrow-leaf_penstemon, Penstemon_linarioides, wildflower,@ genus_Penstemon,#m (plant having small narrow leaves and blue-violet flowers in long open clusters; Utah and Colorado to New Mexico and Arizona) }
{ mountain_pride, Penstemon_newberryi, wildflower,@ genus_Penstemon,#m (mat-forming plant with deep pink flowers on short erect leafy stems; rocky places at high elevations from Oregon to California) }
{ balloon_flower, scented_penstemon, Penstemon_palmeri, wildflower,@ genus_Penstemon,#m (fragrant puffed-up white to reddish-pink flowers in long narrow clusters on erect stems; Arizona to New Mexico and Utah) }
{ Parry's_penstemon, Penstemon_parryi, wildflower,@ genus_Penstemon,#m (erect stems with pinkish-lavender flowers in long interrupted clusters; Arizona) }
{ rock_penstemon, cliff_penstemon, Penstemon_rupicola, wildflower,@ genus_Penstemon,#m (one of the West's most beautiful wildflowers; large brilliant pink or rose flowers in many racemes above thick mats of stems and leaves; ledges and cliffs from Washington to California) }
{ Rydberg's_penstemon, Penstemon_rydbergii, wildflower,@ genus_Penstemon,#m (plant with whorls of small dark blue-violet flowers; Washington to Wyoming and south to California and Colorado) }
{ cascade_penstemon, Penstemon_serrulatus, wildflower,@ genus_Penstemon,#m (whorls of deep blue to dark purple flowers at tips of erect leafy stems; moist places from British Columbia to Oregon) }
{ Whipple's_penstemon, Penstemon_whippleanus, wildflower,@ genus_Penstemon,#m (wine and lavender to purple and black flowers in several clusters on the upper half of leafy stems; Montana south through the Rocky Mountains to Arizona and New Mexico) }

{ Verbascum, genus_Verbascum, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Scrophulariaceae,#m (genus of coarse herbs and subshrubs mostly with woolly leaves) }
{ mullein, flannel_leaf, velvet_plant2, herb,@ genus_Verbascum,#m (any of various plants of the genus Verbascum having large usually woolly leaves and terminal spikes of yellow or white or purplish flowers) }
{ moth_mullein, Verbascum_blattaria, mullein,@ (European mullein with smooth leaves and large yellow or purplish flowers; naturalized as a weed in North America) }
{ white_mullein, Verbascum_lychnitis, mullein,@ (densely hairy Eurasian herb with racemose white flowers; naturalized in North America) }
{ purple_mullein, Verbascum_phoeniceum, mullein,@ (Eurasian mullein with showy purple or pink flowers) }
{ common_mullein, great_mullein, Aaron's_rod, flannel_mullein, woolly_mullein, torch, Verbascum_thapsus, mullein,@ (tall-stalked very woolly mullein with densely packed yellow flowers; ancient Greeks and Romans dipped the stalks in tallow for funeral torches) }

{ genus_Veronica, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Scrophulariaceae,#m (widespread genus of herbs with pink or white or blue or purple flowers: speedwell) }
{ veronica, speedwell, flower,@ genus_Veronica,#m (any plant of the genus Veronica) }
{ field_speedwell, Veronica_agrestis, speedwell,@ genus_Veronica,#m (European plant with minute axillary blue flowers on long stalks; widely naturalized in America) }
{ brooklime1, American_brooklime, Veronica_americana, marsh_plant,@ genus_Veronica,#m (plant of western North America and northeastern Asia having prostrate stems with dense racemes of pale violet to lilac flowers) }
{ corn_speedwell, Veronica_arvensis, speedwell,@ (erect or procumbent blue-flowered annual found in waste places of Europe and America) }
{ brooklime2, European_brooklime, Veronica_beccabunga, marsh_plant,@ genus_Veronica,#m (European plant having low-lying stems with blue flowers; sparsely naturalized in North America) }
{ germander_speedwell, bird's_eye, Veronica_chamaedrys, speedwell,@ (Old World plant with axillary racemes of blue-and-white flowers) }
{ water_speedwell, Veronica_michauxii, Veronica_anagallis-aquatica, aquatic_plant,@ genus_Veronica,#m (plant of wet places in Eurasia and America) }
{ common_speedwell, gypsyweed, Veronica_officinalis, speedwell,@ (common hairy European perennial with pale blue or lilac flowers in axillary racemes) }
{ purslane_speedwell, Veronica_peregrina, speedwell,@ (North American annual with small white flowers widely naturalized as a weed in South America and Europe) }
{ thyme-leaved_speedwell, Veronica_serpyllifolia, speedwell,@ (perennial decumbent herb having small opposite leaves and racemes of blue flowers; throughout Eurasia and the New World) }


(++Solanacea complete)
{ [ Solanaceae, adj.pert:solanaceous,+ ] family_Solanaceae, potato_family, asterid_dicot_family,@ order_Polemoniales,#m (large and economically important family of herbs or shrubs or trees often strongly scented and sometimes narcotic or poisonous; includes the genera Solanum, Atropa, Brugmansia, Capsicum, Datura, Hyoscyamus, Lycopersicon, Nicotiana, Petunia, Physalis, and Solandra) }

{ Solanum, genus_Solanum, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Solanaceae,#m (type genus of the Solanaceae: nightshade; potato; eggplant; bittersweet) }
{ nightshade, woody_plant,@ genus_Solanum,#m (any of numerous shrubs or herbs or vines of the genus Solanum; most are poisonous though many bear edible fruit) }
{ kangaroo_apple, poroporo, Solanum_aviculare, nightshade,@ (Australian annual sometimes cultivated for its racemes of purple flowers and edible yellow egg-shaped fruit) }
{ horse_nettle, ball_nettle, bull_nettle, ball_nightshade, Solanum_carolinense, nightshade,@ (coarse prickly weed having pale yellow flowers and yellow berrylike fruit; common throughout southern and eastern United States) }
{ potato_tree1, Solanum_crispum, vine,@ genus_Solanum,#m (hardy climbing shrub of Chile grown as an ornamental for its fragrant flowers; not a true potato) }
{ Uruguay_potato1, Uruguay_potato_vine, Solanum_commersonii, vine,@ genus_Solanum,#m (South American potato vine) }
{ bittersweet2, bittersweet_nightshade, climbing_nightshade, deadly_nightshade1, poisonous_nightshade, woody_nightshade, Solanum_dulcamara, nightshade,@ genus_Solanum,#m (poisonous perennial Old World vine having violet flowers and oval coral-red berries; widespread weed in North America) }
{ trompillo, white_horse_nettle, prairie_berry, purple_nightshade, silverleaf_nightshade, silver-leaved_nightshade, silver-leaved_nettle, Solanum_elaeagnifolium, nightshade,@ (weedy nightshade with silvery foliage and violet or blue or white flowers; roundish berry widely used to curdle milk; central United States to South America) }
{ African_holly, Solanum_giganteum, nightshade,@ (woolly-stemmed biennial arborescent shrub of tropical Africa and southern Asia having silvery-white prickly branches, clusters of blue or white flowers, and bright red berries resembling holly berries) }
{ wild_potato, Solanum_jamesii, vine,@ genus_Solanum,#m (erect or spreading perennial of southwestern United States and Mexico bearing small pale brown to cream-colored tubers resembling potatoes) }
{ potato_vine2, Solanum_jasmoides, vine,@ genus_Solanum,#m (copiously branched vine of Brazil having deciduous leaves and white flowers tinged with blue) }
{ eggplant, aubergine, brinjal, eggplant_bush, garden_egg, mad_apple, Solanum_melongena, herbaceous_plant,@ genus_Solanum,#m (hairy upright herb native to southeastern Asia but widely cultivated for its large glossy edible fruit commonly used as a vegetable) }
{ black_nightshade, common_nightshade, poisonberry, poison-berry, Solanum_nigrum, nightshade,@ (Eurasian herb naturalized in America having white flowers and poisonous hairy foliage and bearing black berries that are sometimes poisonous but sometimes edible) }
{ garden_huckleberry, wonderberry, sunberry, Solanum_nigrum_guineese, Solanum_melanocerasum, Solanum_burbankii, black_nightshade,@ (improved garden variety of black nightshade having small edible orange or black berries) }
{ Jerusalem_cherry, winter_cherry1, Madeira_winter_cherry, Solanum_pseudocapsicum, nightshade,@ (small South American shrub cultivated as a houseplant for its abundant ornamental but poisonous red or yellow cherry-sized fruit) }
{ naranjilla, Solanum_quitoense, shrub,@ genus_Solanum,#m (small perennial shrub cultivated in uplands of South America for its edible bright orange fruits resembling tomatoes or oranges) }
{ buffalo_bur, Solanum_rostratum, nightshade,@ (North American nightshade with prickly foliage and racemose yellow flowers) }
{ potato, white_potato, white_potato_vine, Solanum_tuberosum, vine,@ genus_Solanum,#m (annual native to South America having underground stolons bearing edible starchy tubers; widely cultivated as a garden vegetable; vines are poisonous) }
{ potato_vine3, giant_potato_creeper, Solanum_wendlandii, vine,@ genus_Solanum,#m (vine of Costa Rica sparsely armed with hooklike spines and having large lilac-blue flowers) }
{ potato_tree2, Brazilian_potato_tree, Solanum_wrightii, Solanum_macranthum, shrub,@ genus_Solanum,#m (South American shrub or small tree widely cultivated in the tropics; not a true potato) }

{ Atropa, genus_Atropa, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Solanaceae,#m (belladonna) }
{ belladonna, belladonna_plant, deadly_nightshade2, Atropa_belladonna, herbaceous_plant,@ genus_Atropa,#m (perennial Eurasian herb with reddish bell-shaped flowers and shining black berries; extensively grown in United States; roots and leaves yield atropine) }

{ genus_Browallia, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Solanaceae,#m (small genus of tropical South American annuals) }
{ bush_violet, browallia, flower,@ genus_Browallia,#m (any of several herbs of the genus Browallia cultivated for their blue or violet or white flowers) }

{ Brunfelsia, genus_Brunfelsia, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Solanaceae,#m (genus of tropical American shrubs grown for their flowers followed by fleshy berrylike fruits) }
{ lady-of-the-night, Brunfelsia_americana, shrub,@ genus_Brunfelsia,#m (West Indian shrub with fragrant showy yellowish-white flowers) }

{ Brugmansia, genus_Brugmansia, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Solanaceae,#m (includes some plants often placed in the genus Datura: angel's trumpets) }
{ angel's_trumpet1, maikoa, Brugmansia_arborea, Datura_arborea, shrub,@ genus_Brugmansia,#m (a South American plant that is cultivated for its large fragrant trumpet-shaped flowers) }
{ angel's_trumpet2, Brugmansia_suaveolens, Datura_suaveolens, shrub,@ genus_Brugmansia,#m (South American plant cultivated for its very large nocturnally fragrant trumpet-shaped flowers) }
{ red_angel's_trumpet, Brugmansia_sanguinea, Datura_sanguinea, shrub,@ (arborescent South American shrub having very large orange-red flowers) }

{ genus_Capsicum, Capsicum1, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Solanaceae,#m (chiefly tropical perennial shrubby plants having many-seeded fruits: sweet and hot peppers) }
{ capsicum, pepper, capsicum_pepper_plant, shrub,@ genus_Capsicum,#m (any of various tropical plants of the genus Capsicum bearing peppers) }
{ cone_pepper, Capsicum_annuum_conoides, pepper,@ genus_Capsicum,#m (plant bearing erect pungent conical red or yellow or purple fruits; sometimes grown as an ornamental) }
{ cayenne, cayenne_pepper, chili_pepper, chilli_pepper, long_pepper1, jalapeno, Capsicum_annuum_longum, pepper,@ genus_Capsicum,#m (plant bearing very hot and finely tapering long peppers; usually red) }
{ sweet_pepper, bell_pepper, pimento, pimiento, paprika, sweet_pepper_plant, Capsicum_annuum_grossum, pepper,@ genus_Capsicum,#m (plant bearing large mild thick-walled usually bell-shaped fruits; the principal salad peppers) }
{ cherry_pepper, Capsicum_annuum_cerasiforme, pepper,@ genus_Capsicum,#m (plant bearing small rounded usually pungent fruits) }
{ bird_pepper, Capsicum_frutescens_baccatum, Capsicum_baccatum, pepper,@ genus_Capsicum,#m (plant bearing very small and very hot oblong red fruits; includes wild forms native to tropical America; thought to be ancestral to the sweet pepper and many hot peppers) }
{ tabasco_pepper, hot_pepper, tabasco_plant, Capsicum_frutescens, pepper,@ genus_Capsicum,#m (plant bearing very hot medium-sized oblong red peppers; grown principally in the Gulf Coast states for production of hot sauce) }

{ Cestrum, genus_Cestrum, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Solanaceae,#m (genus of fragrant tropical American shrubs) }
{ day_jessamine, Cestrum_diurnum, shrub,@ genus_Cestrum,#m (West Indian evergreen shrub having clusters of funnel-shaped white flowers that are fragrant by day) }
{ night_jasmine, night_jessamine, Cestrum_nocturnum, shrub,@ genus_Cestrum,#m (West Indian evergreen shrub having clusters of funnel-shaped yellow-white flowers that are fragrant by night) }

{ Cyphomandra, genus_Cyphomandra, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Solanaceae,#m (tree tomato) }
{ tree_tomato, tamarillo, shrub,@ genus_Cyphomandra,#m (South American arborescent shrub having pale pink blossoms followed by egg-shaped reddish-brown edible fruit somewhat resembling a tomato in flavor) }

{ Datura, genus_Datura, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Solanaceae,#m (thorn apple) }
{ thorn_apple, shrub,@ genus_Datura,#m (any of several plants of the genus Datura) }
{ jimsonweed, jimson_weed, Jamestown_weed, common_thorn_apple, apple_of_Peru2, Datura_stramonium, thorn_apple,@ (intensely poisonous tall coarse annual tropical weed having rank-smelling foliage, large white or violet trumpet-shaped flowers and prickly fruits) }

{ Fabiana, genus_Fabiana, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Solanaceae,#m (genus of South and Central American heathlike evergreen shrubs) }
{ pichi, Fabiana_imbricata, shrub,@ genus_Fabiana,#m (Peruvian shrub with small pink to lavender tubular flowers; leaves yield a tonic and diuretic) }

{ Hyoscyamus, genus_Hyoscyamus, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Solanaceae,#m (genus of poisonous herbs: henbane) }
{ henbane, black_henbane, stinking_nightshade, Hyoscyamus_niger, herb,@ genus_Hyoscyamus,#m (poisonous fetid Old World herb having sticky hairy leaves and yellow-brown flowers; yields hyoscyamine and scopolamine) }
{ Egyptian_henbane, Hyoscyamus_muticus, herb,@ genus_Hyoscyamus,#m (poisonous herb whose leaves are a source of hyoscyamine) }

{ Lycium, genus_Lycium, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Solanaceae,#m (deciduous and evergreen shrubs often spiny; cosmopolitan in temperate and subtropical regions) }
{ matrimony_vine, boxthorn, shrub,@ genus_Lycium,#m (any of various shrubs or vines of the genus Lycium with showy flowers and bright berries) }
{ common_matrimony_vine, Duke_of_Argyll's_tea_tree, Lycium_barbarum, Lycium_halimifolium, matrimony_vine,@ (deciduous erect or spreading shrub with spiny branches and violet-purple flowers followed by orange-red berries; southeastern Europe to China) }
{ Christmasberry2, Christmas_berry2, Lycium_carolinianum, shrub,@ genus_Lycium,#m (spiny evergreen shrub of southeastern United States having spreading branches usually blue or mauve flowers and red berries) }

{ Lycopersicon, genus_Lycopersicon, Lycopersicum, genus_Lycopersicum, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Solanaceae,#m (tomatoes) }
{ tomato, love_apple, tomato_plant, Lycopersicon_esculentum, herbaceous_plant,@ (native to South America; widely cultivated in many varieties) }
{ cherry_tomato, Lycopersicon_esculentum_cerasiforme, tomato,@ genus_Lycopersicon,#m (plant bearing small red to yellow fruit) }
{ plum_tomato, cherry_tomato,@ (an Italian variety of cherry tomato that is shaped like a plum) }
{ Mandragora, genus_Mandragora, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Solanaceae,#m (a genus of stemless herbs of the family Solanaceae) }
{ mandrake1, devil's_apples, Mandragora_officinarum, herbaceous_plant,@ genus_Mandragora,#m (a plant of southern Europe and North Africa having purple flowers, yellow fruits and a forked root formerly thought to have magical powers) }
{ mandrake_root, mandrake2, root,@ mandrake1,#p (the root of the mandrake plant; used medicinally or as a narcotic) }

{ Nicandra, genus_Nicandra, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Solanaceae,#m (sturdy annual of Peru) }
{ apple_of_Peru1, shoo_fly, Nicandra_physaloides, herb,@ genus_Nicandra,#m (coarse South American herb grown for its blue-and-white flowers followed by a bladderlike fruit enclosing a dry berry) }

{ Nicotiana, genus_Nicotiana, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Solanaceae,#m (American and Asiatic aromatic herbs and shrubs with viscid foliage) }
{ tobacco, tobacco_plant, herbaceous_plant,@ genus_Nicotiana,#m (aromatic annual or perennial herbs and shrubs) }
{ flowering_tobacco, Jasmine_tobacco, Nicotiana_alata, tobacco,@ (South American ornamental perennial having nocturnally fragrant greenish-white flowers) }
{ common_tobacco, Nicotiana_tabacum, tobacco,@ noun.artifact:tobacco,#s (tall erect South American herb with large ovate leaves and terminal clusters of tubular white or pink flowers; cultivated for its leaves) }
{ wild_tobacco, Indian_tobacco1, Nicotiana_rustica, tobacco,@ (tobacco plant of South America and Mexico) }
{ tree_tobacco, mustard_tree, Nicotiana_glauca, tobacco,@ (evergreen South American shrub naturalized in United States; occasionally responsible for poisoning livestock) }

{ genus_Nierembergia, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Solanaceae,#m (genus of tropical American erect or creeping herbs with solitary flowers) }
{ cupflower1, nierembergia, herb,@ genus_Nierembergia,#m (any of various plants of the genus Nierembergia having upturned bell-shaped flowers) }
{ whitecup, Nierembergia_repens, Nierembergia_rivularis, cupflower1,@ genus_Nierembergia,#m (prostrate woody South American herb with white tubular flowers often tinged with blue or rose) }
{ tall_cupflower, Nierembergia_frutescens, cupflower1,@ genus_Nierembergia,#m (shrubby Chilean herb having bluish-white tubular flowers used as an ornamental) }

{ genus_Petunia, Petunia1, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Solanaceae,#m (annual or perennial herbs or shrubs of tropical South America) }
{ petunia, flower,@ genus_Petunia,#m (any of numerous tropical herbs having fluted funnel-shaped flowers) }
{ large_white_petunia, Petunia_axillaris, petunia,@ (annual herb having large nocturnally fragrant white flowers) }
{ violet-flowered_petunia, Petunia_integrifolia, petunia,@ (herb or small shrublet having solitary violet to rose-red flowers) }
{ hybrid_petunia, Petunia_hybrida, petunia,@ (hybrids of Petunia axillaris and Petunia integrifolia: a complex group of petunias having single or double flowers in colors from white to purple) }

{ Physalis, genus_Physalis, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Solanaceae,#m (ground cherries) }
{ ground_cherry, husk_tomato, herbaceous_plant,@ genus_Physalis,#m (any of numerous cosmopolitan annual or perennial herbs of the genus Physalis bearing edible fleshy berries enclosed in a bladderlike husk; some cultivated for their flowers) }
{ downy_ground_cherry, strawberry_tomato1, Physalis_pubescens, ground_cherry,@ (decorative American annual having round fleshy yellow berries enclosed in a bladderlike husk) }
{ Chinese_lantern_plant, winter_cherry2, bladder_cherry, Physalis_alkekengi, ground_cherry,@ (Old World perennial cultivated for its ornamental inflated papery orange-red calyx) }
{ cape_gooseberry, purple_ground_cherry, Physalis_peruviana, ground_cherry,@ genus_Physalis,#m (annual of tropical South America having edible purple fruits) }
{ strawberry_tomato2, dwarf_cape_gooseberry, Physalis_pruinosa, ground_cherry,@ (stout hairy annual of eastern North America with sweet yellow fruits) }
{ tomatillo1, jamberry1, Mexican_husk_tomato, Physalis_ixocarpa, ground_cherry,@ (annual of Mexico and southern United States having edible purplish viscid fruit resembling small tomatoes) }
{ tomatillo2, miltomate, purple_ground_cherry2, jamberry2, Physalis_philadelphica, ground_cherry,@ (Mexican annual naturalized in eastern North America having yellow to purple edible fruit resembling small tomatoes) }
{ yellow_henbane, Physalis_viscosa, ground_cherry,@ (found on sea beaches from Virginia to South America having greenish-yellow flowers and orange or yellow berries) }

{ Salpichroa, genus_Salpichroa, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Solanaceae,#m (herbs of temperate North and South America: cock's eggs) }
{ cock's_eggs, Salpichroa_organifolia, Salpichroa_rhomboidea, vine,@ genus_Salpichroa,#m (weedy vine of Argentina having solitary white flowers followed by egg-shaped white or yellow fruit) }

{ genus_Salpiglossis, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Solanaceae,#m (small genus of herbs of the southern Andes having large showy flowers) }
{ salpiglossis, herb,@ genus_Salpiglossis,#m (any plant of the genus Salpiglossis) }
{ painted_tongue, Salpiglossis_sinuata, salpiglossis,@ (Chilean herb having velvety funnel-shaped yellowish or violet flowers with long tonguelike styles at the corolla throat) }

{ genus_Schizanthus, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Solanaceae,#m (Chilean herbs with orchid-like flowers) }
{ butterfly_flower1, poor_man's_orchid, schizanthus, flower,@ genus_Schizanthus,#m (any plant of the genus Schizanthus having finely divided leaves and showy variegated flowers) }

{ Scopolia, genus_Scopolia, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Solanaceae,#m (genus of European perennial herbs yielding medicinal alkaloids) }
{ Scopolia_carniolica, herb,@ genus_Scopolia,#m (herb that is a source of scopolamine) }

{ Solandra, genus_Solandra, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Solanaceae,#m (shrubby climbers of tropical America) }
{ chalice_vine, trumpet_flower2, cupflower2, Solandra_guttata, shrub,@ genus_Solandra,#m (Mexican evergreen climbing plant having large solitary funnel-shaped fragrant yellow flowers with purple-brown ridges in the throat) }

{ Streptosolen, genus_Streptosolen, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Solanaceae,#m (one species: marmalade bush) }
{ marmalade_bush, fire_bush2, fire-bush2, Streptosolen_jamesonii, shrub,@ genus_Streptosolen,#m (evergreen South American shrub having showy trumpet-shaped orange flowers; grown as an ornamental or houseplant) }

(==asterid)
{ Verbenaceae, family_Verbenaceae, verbena_family, vervain_family, asterid_dicot_family,@ order_Polemoniales,#m (family of New World tropical and subtropical herbs and shrubs and trees) }
{ genus_Verbena, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Verbenaceae,#m (type genus of the Verbenaceae; genus of herbaceous perennials and subshrubs) }
(==)
{ verbena, vervain, flower,@ genus_Verbena,#m (any of numerous tropical or subtropical American plants of the genus Verbena grown for their showy spikes of variously colored flowers) }
{ lantana, poisonous_plant,@ genus_Verbena,#m (a flowering shrub) }
{ Avicennia, genus_Avicennia, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Verbenaceae,#m (small genus of tropical shrubs or trees) }
{ Avicenniaceae, family_Avicenniaceae, asterid_dicot_family,@ family_Verbenaceae,#m (used in some classifications: coextensive with the genus Avicennia) }
{ black_mangrove1, Avicennia_marina, blackwood_tree,@ genus_Avicennia,#m (a mangrove of the West Indies and the southern Florida coast; occurs in dense thickets and has numerous short roots that bend up from the ground) }
{ white_mangrove1, Avicennia_officinalis, tree,@ genus_Avicennia,#m (a small to medium-sized tree growing in brackish water especially along the shores of the southwestern Pacific) }
{ Aegiceras, genus_Aegiceras, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Verbenaceae,#m (a genus of herbs of the family Verbenaceae) }
{ black_mangrove2, Aegiceras_majus, tree,@ genus_Aegiceras,#m (an Australian tree resembling the black mangrove of the West Indies and Florida) }

{ Tectona, genus_Tectona, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Verbenaceae,#m (small genus of southeastern Asian tropics: teak) }
{ teak, Tectona_grandis, tree,@ genus_Tectona,#m (tall East Indian timber tree now planted in western Africa and tropical America for its hard durable wood) }
{ teak2, teakwood, noun.substance:wood,@ teak,#s (hard strong durable yellowish-brown wood of teak trees; resistant to insects and to warping; used for furniture and in shipbuilding) }

{ Euphorbiaceae, family_Euphorbiaceae, spurge_family, rosid_dicot_family,@ order_Geraniales,#m (a family of plants of order Geraniales) }
{ Euphorbia, genus_Euphorbia, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Euphorbiaceae,#m (type genus of the Euphorbiaceae: very large genus of diverse plants all having milky juice) }
{ spurge, shrub,@ genus_Euphorbia,#m (any of numerous plants of the genus Euphorbia; usually having milky often poisonous juice) }
{ caper_spurge, myrtle_spurge, mole_plant, Euphorbia_lathyris, spurge,@ genus_Euphorbia,#m (poisonous Old World spurge; adventive in America; seeds yield a purgative oil) }
{ sun_spurge, wartweed, wartwort, devil's_milk1, Euphorbia_helioscopia, spurge,@ genus_Euphorbia,#m (not unattractive European weed whose flowers turn toward the sun) }
{ petty_spurge, devil's_milk2, Euphorbia_peplus, spurge,@ genus_Euphorbia,#m (an Old World spurge introduced as a weed in the eastern United States) }
{ medusa's_head1, Euphorbia_medusae, Euphorbia_caput-medusae, spurge,@ genus_Euphorbia,#m (African dwarf succulent perennial shrub with numerous slender drooping branches) }
{ wild_spurge, flowering_spurge, tramp's_spurge, Euphorbia_corollata, spurge,@ genus_Euphorbia,#m (common perennial United States spurge having showy white petallike bracts) }
{ snow-on-the-mountain, snow-in-summer2, ghost_weed, Euphorbia_marginata, spurge,@ genus_Euphorbia,#m (annual spurge of western United States having showy white-bracted flower clusters and very poisonous milk) }
{ cypress_spurge, Euphorbia_cyparissias, spurge,@ genus_Euphorbia,#m (Old World perennial having foliage resembling cypress; naturalized as a weed in the United States) }
{ leafy_spurge, wolf's_milk, Euphorbia_esula, spurge,@ genus_Euphorbia,#m (tall European perennial naturalized and troublesome as a weed in eastern North America) }
{ hairy_spurge, Euphorbia_hirsuta, spurge,@ genus_Euphorbia,#m (much-branched hirsute weed native to northeastern North America) }
{ poinsettia, Christmas_star, Christmas_flower, lobster_plant, Mexican_flameleaf, painted_leaf1, Euphorbia_pulcherrima, spurge,@ genus_Euphorbia,#m (tropical American plant having poisonous milk and showy tapering usually scarlet petallike leaves surrounding small yellow flowers) }
{ Japanese_poinsettia, mole_plant2, paint_leaf, Euphorbia_heterophylla, spurge,@ genus_Euphorbia,#m (showy poinsettia found from the southern United States to Peru) }
{ fire-on-the-mountain, painted_leaf2, Mexican_fire_plant, Euphorbia_cyathophora, spurge,@ genus_Euphorbia,#m (poinsettia of United States and eastern Mexico; often confused with Euphorbia heterophylla) }
{ wood_spurge, Euphorbia_amygdaloides, spurge,@ genus_Euphorbia,#m (European perennial herb with greenish yellow terminal flower clusters) }
{ candelilla, Euphorbia_antisyphilitica, spurge,@ genus_Euphorbia,#m (wax-coated shrub of northern Mexico and southwestern United States) }
{ dwarf_spurge, Euphorbia_exigua, spurge,@ genus_Euphorbia,#m (European erect or depressed annual weedy spurge adventive in northeastern United States) }
{ scarlet_plume, Euphorbia_fulgens, spurge,@ genus_Euphorbia,#m (Mexican shrub often cultivated for its scarlet-bracted flowers) }
{ naboom, cactus_euphorbia, Euphorbia_ingens, spurge,@ genus_Euphorbia,#m (small tree of dry open parts of southern Africa having erect angled branches suggesting candelabra) }
{ crown_of_thorns, Christ_thorn, Christ_plant, Euphorbia_milii, spurge,@ genus_Euphorbia,#m (somewhat climbing bushy spurge of Madagascar having long woody spiny stems with few leaves and flowers with scarlet bracts) }
{ toothed_spurge, Euphorbia_dentata, spurge,@ genus_Euphorbia,#m (an annual weed of northeastern North America with dentate leaves) }

{ Acalypha, genus_Acalypha, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Euphorbiaceae,#m (a genus of herbs and shrubs belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae) }
{ three-seeded_mercury, Acalypha_virginica, shrub,@ genus_Acalypha,#m (weedy herb of eastern North America) }

(==)
{ genus_Croton, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Euphorbiaceae,#m (tropical shrubs and herbs; source of croton oil) }
{ croton1, Croton_tiglium, shrub,@ genus_Croton,#m (tropical Asiatic shrub; source of croton oil) }
{ croton_oil, noun.substance:oil,@ croton1,#s (viscid acrid brownish-yellow oil from the seeds of Croton tiglium having a violent cathartic action) }
{ cascarilla, Croton_eluteria, croton1,@ genus_Croton,#m (West Indian shrub with aromatic bark) }
{ cascarilla_bark, eleuthera_bark, sweetwood_bark, bark,@ cascarilla,#p (aromatic bark of cascarilla; used as a tonic and for making incense) }

{ Codiaeum, genus_Codiaeum, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Euphorbiaceae,#m (evergreen tropical trees and shrubs with thick and colorful leathery leaves; Malaya and Pacific islands) }
{ croton2, Codiaeum_variegatum, shrub,@ genus_Codiaeum,#m (grown in many varieties for their brightly colored foliage; widely cultivated as a houseplant) }

{ Mercurialis, genus_Mercurialis, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Euphorbiaceae,#m (a genus of slender herbs belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae) }
{ herb_mercury, herbs_mercury, boys-and-girls, Mercurialis_annua, herbaceous_plant,@ genus_Mercurialis,#m (Eurafrican annual naturalized in America as a weed; formerly dried for use as a purgative, diuretic or antisyphilitic) }
{ dog's_mercury, dog_mercury, Mercurialis_perennis, herbaceous_plant,@ genus_Mercurialis,#m (European perennial weedy plant with greenish flowers) }
{ Ricinus, genus_Ricinus, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Euphorbiaceae,#m (a genus of herb having only one known species: castor-oil plant) }
{ castor-oil_plant, castor_bean_plant, palma_christi, palma_christ, Ricinus_communis, shrub,@ genus_Ricinus,#m (large shrub of tropical Africa and Asia having large palmate leaves and spiny capsules containing seeds that are the source of castor oil and ricin; widely naturalized throughout the tropics) }

{ Cnidoscolus, genus_Cnidoscolus, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Euphorbiaceae,#m (a genus of perennial plant with bristles; belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae) }
{ spurge_nettle, tread-softly, devil_nettle, pica-pica, Cnidoscolus_urens, Jatropha_urens, Jatropha_stimulosus, herbaceous_plant,@ genus_Cnidoscolus,#m (a stinging herb of tropical America) }
{ Jatropha, genus_Jatropha, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Euphorbiaceae,#m (a mainly tropical genus of American plant belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae) }
{ physic_nut, Jatropha_curcus, angiospermous_tree,@ genus_Jatropha,#m (small tropical American tree yielding purple dye and a tanning extract and bearing physic nuts containing a purgative oil that is poisonous in large quantities) }
{ Hevea, rubber_tree, genus_Hevea, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Euphorbiaceae,#m (small genus of South American trees yielding latex; "rubber trees are usually cultivated in plantations") }
{ Para_rubber_tree, caoutchouc_tree, Hevea_brasiliensis, angiospermous_tree,@ (deciduous tree of the Amazon and Orinoco Rivers having leathery leaves and fragrant yellow-white flowers; it yields a milky juice that is the chief source of commercial rubber) }
{ Manihot, genus_Manihot, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Euphorbiaceae,#m (genus of economically important tropical plants: cassava) }
{ cassava, casava, shrub,@ genus_Manihot,#m (any of several plants of the genus Manihot having fleshy roots yielding a nutritious starch) }
{ bitter_cassava, manioc, mandioc, mandioca, tapioca_plant, gari, Manihot_esculenta, Manihot_utilissima, cassava,@ (cassava with long tuberous edible roots and soft brittle stems; used especially to make cassiri (an intoxicating drink) and tapioca) }
{ cassava2, manioc2, root,@ Manihot_esculenta,#p (cassava root eaten as a staple food after drying and leaching; source of tapioca) }
{ sweet_cassava, Manihot_dulcis, cassava,@ (South American plant with roots used as a vegetable and herbage used for stock feed) }
{ Aleurites, genus_Aleurites, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Euphorbiaceae,#m (candlenut) }
{ candlenut1, varnish_tree1, Aleurites_moluccana, angiospermous_tree,@ genus_Aleurites,#m (large tree native to southeastern Asia; the nuts yield oil used in varnishes; nut kernels strung together are used locally as candles) }
{ tung_tree, tung, tung-oil_tree, Aleurites_fordii, angiospermous_tree,@ genus_Aleurites,#m (Chinese tree bearing seeds that yield tung oil) }
{ Pedilanthus, genus_Pedilanthus, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Euphorbiaceae,#m (tropical American succulent shrubs) }
{ slipper_spurge, slipper_plant, shrub,@ genus_Pedilanthus,#m (any of several tropical American shrubby succulent plants resembling cacti but having foot-shaped bracts) }
{ candelilla2, Pedilanthus_bracteatus, Pedilanthus_pavonis, slipper_spurge,@ (wax-coated Mexican shrub related to Euphorbia antisyphilitica) }
{ Jewbush, Jew-bush, Jew_bush, redbird_cactus, redbird_flower, Pedilanthus_tithymaloides, slipper_spurge,@ (low tropical American shrub having powerful emetic properties) }
{ Sebastiana, genus_Sebastiana, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Euphorbiaceae,#m (Mexican spurges) }
{ jumping_bean, jumping_seed, Mexican_jumping_bean, seed,@ genus_Sebastiana,#p (seed of Mexican shrubs of the genus Sebastiana containing the larva of a moth whose movements cause the bean to jerk or tumble) }

{ Theaceae, family_Theaceae, tea_family, dilleniid_dicot_family,@ order_Parietales,#m (a family of trees and shrubs of the order Parietales) }
{ genus_Camellia, dilleniid_dicot_genus,@ family_Theaceae,#m (tropical Asiatic evergreen shrubs or small trees) }
{ camellia, camelia, shrub,@ genus_Camellia,#m (any of several shrubs or small evergreen trees having solitary white or pink or reddish flowers) }
{ japonica2, Camellia_japonica, camellia,@ (greenhouse shrub with glossy green leaves and showy fragrant rose-like flowers; cultivated in many varieties) }
{ tea, Camellia_sinensis, shrub,@ genus_Camellia,#m (a tropical evergreen shrub or small tree extensively cultivated in e.g. China and Japan and India; source of tea leaves; "tea has fragrant white flowers") }

{ Umbelliferae, family_Umbelliferae, Apiaceae, family_Apiaceae, carrot_family, rosid_dicot_family,@ order_Umbellales,#m (plants having flowers in umbels: parsley; carrot; anise; caraway; celery; dill) }
{ umbellifer, umbelliferous_plant, herb,@ family_Umbelliferae,#m (any of numerous aromatic herbs of the family Umbelliferae) }
{ wild_parsley, umbellifer,@ (any of various uncultivated umbelliferous plants with foliage resembling that of carrots or parsley) }

{ Aethusa, genus_Aethusa, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Umbelliferae,#m (fool's parsley) }
{ fool's_parsley, lesser_hemlock, Aethusa_cynapium, poisonous_plant,@ genus_Aethusa,#m (European weed naturalized in America that resembles parsley but causes nausea and poisoning when eaten) }

{ Anethum, genus_Anethum, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Umbelliferae,#m (dill) }
{ dill, Anethum_graveolens, herb,@ (aromatic Old World herb having aromatic threadlike foliage and seeds used as seasoning) }

{ genus_Angelica, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Umbelliferae,@ (biennial or perennial herbs of the northern hemisphere; have a taproot) }
{ angelica, angelique, herb,@ genus_Angelica,#m (any of various tall and stout herbs of the genus Angelica having pinnately compound leaves and small white or greenish flowers in compound umbels) }
{ garden_angelica, archangel, Angelica_Archangelica, angelica,@ (a biennial cultivated herb; its stems are candied and eaten and its roots are used medicinally) }
{ wild_angelica, Angelica_sylvestris, angelica,@ (European herb with compound leaves and white flowers; adventive on Cape Breton Island) }

{ Anthriscus, genus_Anthriscus, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Umbelliferae,#m (chervil: of Europe, North Africa and Asia) }
{ chervil, beaked_parsley, Anthriscus_cereifolium, herb,@ genus_Anthriscus,#m (aromatic annual Old World herb cultivated for its finely divided and often curly leaves for use especially in soups and salads) }
{ cow_parsley, wild_chervil, Anthriscus_sylvestris, herbaceous_plant,@ genus_Anthriscus,#m (coarse erect biennial Old World herb introduced as a weed in eastern North America) }

{ Apium, genus_Apium, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Umbelliferae,#m (celery) }
{ wild_celery2, Apium_graveolens, herbaceous_plant,@ genus_Apium,#m (herb of Europe and temperate Asia) }
{ celery, cultivated_celery, Apium_graveolens_dulce, herbaceous_plant,@ (widely cultivated herb with aromatic leaf stalks that are eaten raw or cooked) }
{ celeriac, celery_root, knob_celery, root_celery, turnip-rooted_celery, Apium_graveolens_rapaceum, herbaceous_plant,@ (grown for its thickened edible aromatic root) }

{ genus_Astrantia, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Umbelliferae,#m (a genus of Eurasian herbs of the family Umbelliferae with aromatic roots and palmate leaves and showy flowers) }
{ astrantia, masterwort, herb,@ genus_Astrantia,#m (any plant of the genus Astrantia) }
{ greater_masterwort, Astrantia_major, astrantia,@ (European herb with aromatic roots and leaves in a basal tuft and showy compound umbels of white to rosy flowers) }

{ Carum, genus_Carum, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Umbelliferae,#m (caraway) }
{ caraway, Carum_carvi, herb,@ genus_Carum,#m (a Eurasian plant with small white flowers yielding caraway seed) }
{ whorled_caraway, caraway,@ (a caraway with whorled leaves) }

{ Cicuta, genus_Cicuta, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Umbelliferae,#m (small genus of perennial herbs having deadly poisonous tuberous roots: water hemlock) }
{ water_hemlock, Cicuta_verosa, poisonous_plant,@ genus_Cicuta,#m (tall erect highly poisonous Eurasiatic perennial herb locally abundant in marshy areas) }
{ spotted_cowbane, spotted_hemlock, spotted_water_hemlock, poisonous_plant,@ genus_Cicuta,#m (tall biennial water hemlock of northeastern North America having purple-spotted stems and clusters of extremely poisonous tuberous roots resembling small sweet potatoes) }

{ Conium, genus_Conium, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Umbelliferae,#m (small genus of highly toxic biennials: hemlock) }
{ hemlock3, poison_hemlock, poison_parsley, California_fern, Nebraska_fern, winter_fern, Conium_maculatum, poisonous_plant,@ genus_Conium,#m (large branching biennial herb native to Eurasia and Africa and adventive in North America having large fernlike leaves and white flowers; usually found in damp habitats; all parts extremely poisonous) }

{ Conopodium, genus_Conopodium, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Umbelliferae,#m (a genus of dicotyledonous plants of the family Umbelliferae) }
{ earthnut1, Conopodium_denudatum, herbaceous_plant,@ genus_Conopodium,#m (a common European plant having edible tubers with the flavor of roasted chestnuts) }

{ Coriandrum, genus_Coriandrum, rosid_dicot_genus,@ (small genus of annual Mediterranean herbs) }
{ coriander, coriander_plant, Chinese_parsley, cilantro, Coriandrum_sativum, herb,@ genus_Coriandrum,#m (Old World herb with aromatic leaves and seed resembling parsley) }

{ Cuminum, genus_Cuminum, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Umbelliferae,#m (cumin) }
{ cumin, Cuminum_cyminum, herb,@ genus_Cuminum,#p (dwarf Mediterranean annual long cultivated for its aromatic seeds) }

{ Daucus, genus_Daucus, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Umbelliferae,#m (carrot) }
{ wild_carrot, Queen_Anne's_lace, Daucus_carota, wildflower,@ genus_Daucus,#m (a widely naturalized Eurasian herb with finely cut foliage and white compound umbels of small white or yellowish flowers and thin yellowish roots) }
{ carrot, cultivated_carrot, Daucus_carota_sativa, herb,@ genus_Daucus,#m (perennial plant widely cultivated as an annual in many varieties for its long conical orange edible roots; temperate and tropical regions) }
{ [ carrot2, adj.pert:carroty,+ ] root,@ cultivated_carrot,#p (deep orange edible root of the cultivated carrot plant) }

{ Eryngium, genus_Eryngium, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Umbelliferae,#m (large genus of decorative plants with thistlelike flower heads; cosmopolitan in distribution) }
{ eryngo, eringo, subshrub,@ genus_Eryngium,#m (any plant of the genus Eryngium) }
{ sea_holly1, sea_holm, sea_eryngium, Eryngium_maritimum, shrub,@ genus_Eryngium,#m (European evergreen eryngo with twisted spiny leaves naturalized on United States east coast; roots formerly used as an aphrodisiac) }
{ button_snakeroot1, Eryngium_aquaticum, herb,@ genus_Eryngium,#m (coarse prickly perennial eryngo with aromatic roots; southeastern United States; often confused with rattlesnake master) }
{ rattlesnake_master, rattlesnake's_master, button_snakeroot2, Eryngium_yuccifolium, perennial,@ genus_Eryngium,#m (coarse prickly perennial eryngo of United States thought to cure rattlesnake bite) }

{ Foeniculum, genus_Foeniculum, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Umbelliferae,#m (very small genus of aromatic European herbs with pinnately compound leaves and yellow flowers) }
{ fennel, herb,@ genus_Foeniculum,#m (any of several aromatic herbs having edible seeds and leaves and stems) }
{ common_fennel, Foeniculum_vulgare, fennel,@ (strongly aromatic with a smell of aniseed; leaves and seeds used for seasoning) }
{ Florence_fennel, Foeniculum_dulce, Foeniculum_vulgare_dulce, fennel,@ (grown especially for its edible aromatic bulbous stem base) }

{ Heracleum, genus_Heracleum, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Umbelliferae,#m (widely distributed genus of plants with usually thick rootstocks and large umbels of white flowers) }
{ cow_parsnip, hogweed, Heracleum_sphondylium, herb,@ genus_Heracleum,#m (tall coarse plant having thick stems and cluster of white to purple flowers) }

{ Levisticum, genus_Levisticum, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Umbelliferae,#m (genus of aromatic European herbs with yellow flowers) }
{ lovage, Levisticum_officinale, herb,@ genus_Levisticum,#m (herb native to southern Europe; cultivated for its edible stalks and foliage and seeds) }

{ Myrrhis, genus_Myrrhis, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Umbelliferae,#m (European perennial herbs having pinnate leaves and umbels of white flowers) }
{ sweet_cicely, Myrrhis_odorata, herb,@ genus_Myrrhis,#m (European herb with soft ferny leaves and white flowers) }

{ Oenanthe, genus_Oenanthe, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Umbelliferae,#m (poisonous herbs: water dropworts) }
{ water_dropwort, hemlock_water_dropwort, Oenanthe_crocata, poisonous_plant,@ genus_Oenanthe,#m (European poisonous herb having tuberous roots, yellow juice that stains the skin, yellow flowers and foliage resembling celery; all parts extremely poisonous) }
{ water_fennel, Oenanthe_aquatica, poisonous_plant,@ genus_Oenanthe,#m (European poisonous herb with fibrous roots) }

{ Pastinaca, genus_Pastinaca, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Umbelliferae,@ (a rosid dicot genus of the family Umbelliferae; includes parsnips) }
{ parsnip, Pastinaca_sativa, herb,@ genus_Pastinaca,#m (a strong-scented plant cultivated for its edible root) }
{ cultivated_parsnip, parsnip,@ (European biennial having a long fusiform root that has been made palatable through cultivation) }
{ parsnip2, root,@ cultivated_parsnip,#p (the whitish root of cultivated parsnip) }
{ wild_parsnip, madnep, parsnip,@ weed,@ (biennial weed in Europe and America having large pinnate leaves and yellow flowers and a bitter and somewhat poisonous root; the ancestor of cultivated parsnip) }

{ Petroselinum, genus_Petroselinum, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Umbelliferae,#m (parsley) }
{ parsley, Petroselinum_crispum, herb,@ genus_Petroselinum,#m (annual or perennial herb with aromatic leaves) }
{ Italian_parsley, flat-leaf_parsley, Petroselinum_crispum_neapolitanum, parsley,@ (a variety of parsley having flat leaves) }
{ Hamburg_parsley, turnip-rooted_parsley, Petroselinum_crispum_tuberosum, parsley,@ (parsley with smooth leaves and enlarged edible taproot resembling a savory parsnip) }

{ Pimpinella, genus_Pimpinella, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Umbelliferae,#m (anise) }
{ anise, anise_plant, Pimpinella_anisum, herb,@ genus_Pimpinella,#m (native to Egypt but cultivated widely for its aromatic seeds and the oil from them used medicinally and as a flavoring in cookery) }

{ Sanicula, genus_Sanicula, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Umbelliferae,#m (chiefly American herbs: sanicle) }
{ sanicle, snakeroot1, herb,@ genus_Sanicula,#m (a plant of the genus Sanicula having palmately compound leaves and unisexual flowers in panicled umbels followed by bristly fruit; reputed to have healing powers) }
{ footsteps-of-spring, Sanicula_arctopoides, sanicle,@ (sanicle of northwestern United States and British Columbia having yellow flowers) }
{ purple_sanicle, Sanicula_bipinnatifida, sanicle,@ (sanicle of northwestern United States and British Columbia having yellow or red or purple flowers) }
{ European_sanicle, Sanicula_Europaea, sanicle,@ (sanicle of Europe and Asia having white to pale pink flowers) }

{ Seseli, genus_Seseli, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Umbelliferae,#m (a rosid dicot genus that includes moon carrots) }
{ moon_carrot, stone_parsley2, herbaceous_plant,@ genus_Seseli,#m (any plant of the genus Seseli having dense umbels of small white or pink flowers and finely divided foliage) }

{ Sison, genus_Sison, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Umbelliferae,#m (genus including stone parsley) }
{ stone_parsley1, Sison_amomum, herbaceous_plant,@ genus_Sison,#m (a slender roadside herb of western Europe and Mediterranean areas that has foliage resembling parsley and has white flowers with aromatic seeds) }

{ Sium, genus_Sium, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Umbelliferae,#m (perennial of wet and marshy places in the northern hemisphere: water parsnips) }
{ water_parsnip, Sium_suave, marsh_plant,@ genus_Sium,#m (stout white-flowered perennial found wild in shallow fresh water; northern United States and Asia) }
{ greater_water_parsnip, Sium_latifolium, marsh_plant,@ genus_Sium,#m (large stout white-flowered perennial found wild in shallow fresh water; Europe) }
{ skirret, Sium_sisarum, marsh_plant,@ genus_Sium,#m (an Asiatic herb cultivated in Europe for its sweet edible tuberous root) }

{ Smyrnium, genus_Smyrnium, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Umbelliferae,#m (Alexanders) }
{ Alexander, Alexanders, black_lovage, horse_parsley, Smyrnium_olusatrum, herbaceous_plant,@ genus_Smyrnium,#m (European herb somewhat resembling celery widely naturalized in Britain coastal regions and often cultivated as a potherb) }

{ Cornaceae, family_Cornaceae, dogwood_family, rosid_dicot_family,@ order_Umbellales,#m (a rosid dicot family of the order Umbellales including: genera Aucuba, Cornus, Corokia, Curtisia, Griselinia, Helwingia) }

{ Aucuba, genus_Aucuba, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cornaceae,#m (hardy evergreen dioecious shrubs and small trees from Japan) }

{ Cornus, genus_Cornus, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cornaceae,#m (a rosid dicot genus of the family Cornaceae including: dogwood; cornel: perennial chiefly deciduous shrubs or small trees of temperate regions of northern hemisphere) }
{ dogwood, dogwood_tree, cornel, flowering_tree,@ genus_Cornus,#m (a tree of shrub of the genus Cornus often having showy bracts resembling flowers) }
{ dogwood2, noun.substance:wood,@ dogwood_tree,#s (hard tough wood of any dogwood of the genus Cornus; resembles boxwood) }
{ common_white_dogwood, eastern_flowering_dogwood, Cornus_florida, dogwood,@ (deciduous tree; celebrated for its large white or pink bracts and stunning autumn color that is followed by red berries) }
{ red_osier2, red_osier_dogwood, red_dogwood1, American_dogwood, redbrush, Cornus_stolonifera, dogwood,@ (common North American shrub with reddish purple twigs and white flowers) }
{ silky_dogwood1, Cornus_obliqua, dogwood,@ (shrub of eastern North America closely resembling silky cornel) }
{ silky_cornel, silky_dogwood2, Cornus_amomum, dogwood,@ (shrub of eastern North America having purplish stems and blue fruit) }
{ common_European_dogwood, red_dogwood2, blood-twig, pedwood, Cornus_sanguinea, dogwood,@ (European deciduous shrub turning red in autumn having dull white flowers) }
{ bunchberry, dwarf_cornel, crackerberry, pudding_berry, Cornus_canadensis, dogwood,@ (creeping perennial herb distinguished by red berries and clustered leaf whorls at the tips of shoots; Greenland to Alaska) }
{ cornelian_cherry, Cornus_mas, dogwood,@ (deciduous European shrub or small tree having bright red fruit) }

{ Corokia, genus_Corokia, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cornaceae,#m (evergreen shrubs with intricately twisted wiry stems that in summer are smothered in small yellow flowers; grows in New Zealand) }

{ Curtisia, genus_Curtisia, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cornaceae,#m (a large evergreen tree of South Africa) }

{ Griselinia, genus_Griselinia, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cornaceae,#m (evergreen shrubs of New Zealand and South America) }
{ puka2, Griselinia_lucida, shrub,@ genus_Griselinia,#m (South American shrub or small tree having long shining evergreen leaves and panicles of green or yellow flowers) }
{ kapuka, Griselinia_littoralis, shrub,@ genus_Griselinia,#m (small New Zealand broadleaf evergreen tree often cultivated in warm regions as an ornamental) }

{ Helwingia, genus_Helwingia, rosid_dicot_genus,@ family_Cornaceae,#m (deciduous dioecious shrubs native to woodland thickets in low mountains in Japan) }

(==incomplete)
{ Valerianaceae, family_Valerianaceae, valerian_family, asterid_dicot_family,@ order_Rubiales,#m (genus of mostly herbs having a characteristic fetid odor) }
{ Valeriana, genus_Valeriana, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Valerianaceae,#m (genus of widely distributed perennial herbs and some shrubs) }
{ valerian, flower,@ genus_Valeriana,#m (a plant of the genus Valeriana having lobed or dissected leaves and cymose white or pink flowers) }
{ common_valerian, garden_heliotrope, Valeriana_officinalis, valerian,@ (tall rhizomatous plant having very fragrant flowers and rhizomes used medicinally) }
{ Valerianella, genus_Valerianella, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Valerianaceae,#m (genus of Old World annual herbs widely naturalized) }
{ corn_salad, herb,@ genus_Valerianella,#m (a plant of the genus Valerianella) }
{ common_corn_salad, lamb's_lettuce, Valerianella_olitoria, Valerianella_locusta, corn_salad,@ (widely cultivated as a salad crop and pot herb; often a weed) }
{ Centranthus, genus_Centranthus, asterid_dicot_genus,@ family_Valerianaceae,#m (genus of southern European herbs and subshrubs) }
{ red_valerian, French_honeysuckle2, Centranthus_ruber, flower,@ genus_Centranthus,#m (European herb with small fragrant crimson or white spurred flowers) }

{ cutch, kutch, noun.substance:tannin,@ (tannin extract derived from any of several mangrove barks of Pacific areas) }

{ Hymenophyllaceae, family_Hymenophyllaceae, fern_family,@ order_Filicales,#m (terrestrial (hygrophytic) or epiphytic ferns: filmy ferns) }
{ Hymenophyllum, genus_Hymenophyllum, fern_genus,@ family_Hymenophyllaceae,#m (type genus of the Hymenophyllaceae: filmy ferns) }
{ filmy_fern, film_fern, fern,@ genus_Hymenophyllum,#m (any fern of the genus Hymenophyllum growing in tropical humid regions and having translucent leaves) }
{ Trichomanes, genus_Trichomanes, fern_genus,@ family_Hymenophyllaceae,#m (bristle ferns; kidney ferns) }
{ bristle_fern, filmy_fern2, fern,@ genus_Trichomanes,#m (any fern of the genus Trichomanes having large pinnatifid often translucent fronds; most are epiphytic on tree branches and twigs or terrestrial on mossy banks) }
{ hare's-foot_bristle_fern, Trichomanes_boschianum, bristle_fern,@ (a variety of bristle fern) }
{ Killarney_fern, Trichomanes_speciosum, bristle_fern,@ (large stout fern of extreme western Europe) }
{ kidney_fern, Trichomanes_reniforme, bristle_fern,@ (large fern of New Zealand having kidney-shaped fronds) }

{ Osmundaceae, family_Osmundaceae, fern_family,@ order_Filicales,#m (large family of ferns widely distributed in temperate and tropical areas) }
{ genus_Osmunda, fern_genus,@ family_Osmundaceae,#m (type genus of the Osmundaceae) }
{ flowering_fern, osmund, fern,@ genus_Osmunda,#m (any fern of the genus Osmunda: large ferns with creeping rhizomes; naked sporangia are on modified fronds that resemble flower clusters) }
{ royal_fern, royal_osmund, king_fern1, ditch_fern, French_bracken, Osmunda_regalis, flowering_fern,@ (large deeply rooted fern of worldwide distribution with upright bipinnate compound tufted fronds) }
{ interrupted_fern, Osmunda_clatonia, flowering_fern,@ (North American fern having tall erect pinnate fronds and a few sporogenous pinnae at or near the center of the fertile fronds) }
{ cinnamon_fern, fiddlehead1, fiddlehead_fern, Osmunda_cinnamonea, flowering_fern,@ (New World fern having woolly cinnamon-colored spore-bearing fronds in early spring later surrounded by green fronds; the early uncurling fronds are edible) }
{ Leptopteris, genus_Leptopteris, fern_genus,@ family_Osmundaceae,#m (including some ferns sometimes placed in genus Todea) }
{ crape_fern1, Prince-of-Wales_fern, Prince-of-Wales_feather, Prince-of-Wales_plume, Leptopteris_superba, Todea_superba, fern,@ genus_Leptopteris,#m (New Zealand with pinnate fronds and a densely woolly stalks; sometimes included in genus Todea) }
{ Todea, genus_Todea, fern_genus,@ family_Osmundaceae,#m (a genus of delicate ferns belonging to the family Osmundaceae) }
{ crepe_fern2, king_fern2, Todea_barbara, fern,@ genus_Todea,#m (fern of rain forests of tropical Australia and New Zealand and South Africa) }

{ Schizaeaceae, family_Schizaeaceae, fern_family,@ class_Filicopsida,#m (small family of mainly tropical ferns) }
{ Schizaea, genus_Schizaea, fern_genus,@ family_Schizaeaceae,#m (type genus of the Schizaeaceae cosmopolitan especially in tropics; small leptosporangiate ferns: curly grass fern) }
{ curly_grass, curly_grass_fern, Schizaea_pusilla, fern,@ genus_Schizaea,#m (rare small fern of northeastern North America having numerous slender spiraling fronds and forming dense tufts) }
{ Anemia, genus_Anemia, fern_genus,@ family_Schizaeaceae,#m (genus of terrestrial or lithophytic ferns having pinnatifid fronds; chiefly of tropical America) }
{ pine_fern, Anemia_adiantifolia, fern,@ genus_Anemia,#m (fern of Florida and West Indies and Central America with rhizome densely clad in grown hairs) }
{ Lygodium, genus_Lygodium, fern_genus,@ family_Schizaeaceae,#m (chiefly tropical climbing ferns) }
{ climbing_fern, fern,@ climber,@ genus_Lygodium,#m (any of several ferns of the genus Lygodium that climb by twining) }
{ creeping_fern, Hartford_fern, Lygodium_palmatum, climbing_fern,@ (delicate fern of the eastern United States having a twining stem and palmately-lobed sterile fronds and forked fertile fronds) }
{ climbing_maidenhair, climbing_maidenhair_fern, snake_fern, Lygodium_microphyllum, climbing_fern,@ (tropical fern widespread in Old World; naturalized in Jamaica and Florida) }
{ Mohria, genus_Mohria, fern_genus,@ family_Schizaeaceae,#m (African terrestrial ferns) }
{ scented_fern3, Mohria_caffrorum, fern,@ genus_Mohria,#m (sweetly scented African fern with narrow bipinnate fronds) }

{ aquatic_fern, water_fern, fern,@ (ferns that grow in water) }
{ Marsileaceae, family_Marsileaceae, fern_family,@ class_Filicopsida,#m (clover ferns) }
{ Marsilea, genus_Marsilea, fern_genus,@ family_Marsileaceae,#m (clover ferns) }
{ clover_fern, pepperwort2, aquatic_fern,@ genus_Marsilea,#m (any of several water ferns of the genus Marsilea having four leaflets) }
{ nardoo, nardo, common_nardoo, Marsilea_drummondii, clover_fern,@ (Australian clover fern) }
{ water_clover, Marsilea_quadrifolia, clover_fern,@ genus_Marsilea,#m (water fern of Europe and Asia and the eastern United States distinguished by four leaflets resembling clover leaves) }
{ Pilularia, genus_Pilularia, fern_genus,@ family_Marsileaceae,#m (pillworts) }
{ pillwort, Pilularia_globulifera, aquatic_fern,@ genus_Pilularia,#m (European water fern found around margins of bodies of water or in wet acid soil having small globose sporocarps) }
{ genus_Regnellidium, fern_genus,@ family_Marsileaceae,#m (one species of aquatic or semiaquatic fern) }
{ regnellidium, Regnellidium_diphyllum, aquatic_fern,@ genus_Regnellidium,#m (small latex-containing aquatic fern of southern Brazil) }

{ Salviniaceae, family_Salviniaceae, fern_family,@ class_Filicopsida,#m (water ferns) }
{ Salvinia, genus_Salvinia, fern_genus,@ family_Salviniaceae,#m (type genus of the Salviniaceae: water ferns) }
{ floating-moss, Salvinia_rotundifolia, Salvinia_auriculata, aquatic_fern,@ genus_Salvinia,#m (free-floating aquatic ferns) }

{ Azollaceae, family_Azollaceae, fern_family,@ order_Filicales,#m (used in some classifications for the genus Azolla) }
{ Azolla, genus_Azolla, fern_genus,@ family_Salviniaceae,#m (a genus of fern sometimes placed in its own family Azollaceae) }
{ mosquito_fern, floating_fern, Carolina_pond_fern, Azolla_caroliniana, aquatic_fern,@ genus_Azolla,#m (small free-floating aquatic fern from the eastern United States to tropical America; naturalized in western and southern Europe) }

{ Ophioglossales, order_Ophioglossales, plant_order,@ class_Filicopsida,#m (coextensive with the family Ophioglossaceae) }
{ Ophioglossaceae, family_Ophioglossaceae, fern_family,@ order_Ophioglossales,#m (a family of succulent ferns of order Ophioglossales; cosmopolitan in distribution) }
{ Ophioglossum, genus_Ophioglossum, fern_genus,@ family_Ophioglossaceae,#m (the type genus of the fern family Ophioglossaceae) }
{ adder's_tongue, adder's_tongue_fern, fern,@ genus_Ophioglossum,#m (ferns with fertile spikes shaped like a snake's tongue) }
{ ribbon_fern1, Ophioglossum_pendulum, adder's_tongue_fern,@ (epiphytic fern with straplike usually twisted fronds of tropical Asia and Polynesia and America) }
{ Botrychium, genus_Botrychium, fern_genus,@ family_Ophioglossaceae,#m (grape fern; moonwort) }
{ grape_fern, fern,@ genus_Botrychium,#m (a fern of the genus Botrychium having a fertile frond bearing small grapelike clusters of spore cases) }
{ moonwort, common_moonwort, Botrychium_lunaria, grape_fern,@ (of America and Eurasia and Australia) }
{ daisyleaf_grape_fern, daisy-leaved_grape_fern, Botrychium_matricariifolium, grape_fern,@ (of North America and Eurasia) }
{ leathery_grape_fern, Botrychium_multifidum, grape_fern,@ (European fern with leathery and sparsely hairy fronds) }
{ rattlesnake_fern, Botrychium_virginianum, grape_fern,@ (American fern whose clustered sporangia resemble a snake's rattle) }
{ Helminthostachys, genus_Helminthostachys, fern_genus,@ family_Ophioglossaceae,#m (one species: terrestrial fern of southeastern Asia and Australia) }
{ flowering_fern2, Helminthostachys_zeylanica, fern,@ genus_Helminthostachys,#m (Australasian fern with clusters of sporangia on stems of fertile fronds) }
{ soldier_grainy_club, grainy_club,@ (a variety of grainy club) }

{ ostiole, noun.body:pore,@ (a small pore especially one in the reproductive bodies of certain algae and fungi through which spores pass) }
{ perithecium, ascocarp,@ (flask-shaped ascocarp) }
{ stroma, plant_tissue,@ (the dense colorless framework of a chloroplast) }
{ stroma1, plant_tissue,@ (a mass of fungal tissue that has spore-bearing structures embedded in it or on it) }
{ plastid, noun.object:granule,@ (any of various small particles in the cytoplasm of the cells of plants and some animals containing pigments or starch or oil or protein) }
{ chromoplast, plastid,@ (plastid containing pigments other than chlorophyll usually yellow or orange carotenoids) }
{ chloroplast, plastid,@ (plastid containing chlorophyll and other pigments; in plants that carry out photosynthesis) }

{ Erysiphales, order_Erysiphales, fungus_order,@ class_Pyrenomycetes,#m (saprophytic and parasitic fungi that live on plants) }
{ Erysiphaceae, family_Erysiphaceae, fungus_family,@ order_Erysiphales,#m (family of fungi parasitic mostly on leaves; includes powdery mildews) }
{ Erysiphe, genus_Erysiphe, fungus_genus,@ family_Erysiphaceae,#m (genus of powdery mildews) }
{ powdery_mildew, mildew,@ genus_Erysiphe,#m (any of various fungi of the genus Erysiphe producing powdery conidia on the host surface) }

{ Sphaeriales, order_Sphaeriales, fungus_order,@ class_Pyrenomycetes,#m (large order of ascomycetous fungi usually having a dark hard perithecia with definite ostioles; in more recent classifications often divided among several orders) }
{ Sphaeriaceae, family_Sphaeriaceae, fungus_family,@ order_Sphaeriales,#m (parasitic fungi having globose and sometimes necked or beaked perithecia) }
{ Neurospora, genus_Neurospora, fungus_genus,@ family_Sphaeriaceae,#m (genus of fungi with black perithecia used extensively in genetic research; includes some forms with orange spore masses that cause severe damage in bakeries) }
{ Ceratostomataceae, family_Ceratostomataceae, fungus_family,@ order_Sphaeriales,#m (fungi having carbonous perithecia with long necks) }
{ Ceratostomella, genus_Ceratostomella, fungus_genus,@ family_Ceratostomataceae,#m (genus of fungi forming continuous hyaline spores) }
{ Dutch_elm_fungus, Ceratostomella_ulmi, fungus,@ genus_Ceratostomella,#m (fungus causing Dutch elm disease) }
{ Hypocreales, order_Hypocreales, fungus_order,@ class_Pyrenomycetes,#m (used in some classifications for the family Hypocreaceae) }
{ Hypocreaceae, family_Hypocreaceae, fungus_family,@ order_Sphaeriales,#m (family of fungi having brightly colored fleshy or membranous ascocarps; sometimes placed in its own order Hypocreales) }
{ Claviceps, genus_Claviceps, fungus_genus,@ family_Hypocreaceae,#m (fungi parasitic upon the ovaries of various grasses) }
{ [ ergot, adj.pert:ergotic,+ ] Claviceps_purpurea, fungus,@ genus_Claviceps,#m (a fungus that infects various cereal plants forming compact black masses of branching filaments that replace many grains of the plant; source of medicinally important alkaloids and of lysergic acid) }
{ rye_ergot, ergot,@ (a sclerotium or hardened mass of mycelium) }
(==not in WIII)
{ mushroom_pimple, Hypocreaceae,@ (any of various fungi of the family Hypocreaceae) }
{ orange_mushroom_pimple, mushroom_pimple,@ (a variety of mushroom pimple) }
{ green_mushroom_pimple, mushroom_pimple,@ (a variety of mushroom pimple) }

{ Xylariaceae, family_Xylariaceae, fungus_family,@ order_Sphaeriales,#m (family of fungi characterized by dark brown to black spores) }
{ Xylaria, genus_Xylaria, fungus_genus,@ family_Xylariaceae,#m (type genus of Xylariaceae; fungi with perithecia in the upper part of erect black woody stromata) }
{ black_root_rot_fungus, Xylaria_mali, fungus,@ genus_Xylaria,#m (fungus causing black root rot in apples) }
{ dead-man's-fingers, dead-men's-fingers, Xylaria_polymorpha, fungus,@ genus_Xylaria,#m (the fruiting bodies of the fungi of the genus Xylaria) }
{ Rosellinia, genus_Rosellinia, fungus_genus,@ family_Xylariaceae,#m (fungi having smooth perithecia with dark one-celled ascospores) }

{ Helotiales, order_Helotiales, fungus_order,@ subdivision_Ascomycota,#m (order of fungi having asci in a disk-shaped to goblet-shaped apothecium) }
{ Helotiaceae, family_Helotiaceae, fungus_family,@ order_Helotiales,#m (a fungus family of order Helotiales) }
{ Helotium, genus_Helotium, fungus_genus,@ family_Helotiaceae,#m (type genus of the Helotiaceae) }

{ Sclerotiniaceae, family_Sclerotiniaceae, fungus_family,@ order_Helotiales,#m (a fungus family of order Helotiales) }
{ genus_Sclerotinia, fungus_genus,@ family_Sclerotiniaceae,#m (large genus of ascomycetous fungi including various destructive plant pathogens) }
{ sclerotinia, fungus,@ genus_Sclerotinia,#m (any fungus of the genus Sclerotinia; some causing brown rot diseases in plants) }
{ brown_cup, sclerotinia,@ Sclerotiniaceae,#m (a variety of sclerotinia) }

{ Sclerodermatales, order_Sclerodermatales, fungus_order,@ class_Gasteromycetes,#m (an order of fungi having a peridium surrounding a gleba (sometimes placed in subclass Homobasidiomycetes)) }
{ Sclerodermataceae, family_Sclerodermataceae, fungus_family,@ order_Sclerodermatales,#m (a family of fungi or order Sclerodermatales with a single-layered peridium; includes earthballs) }
{ Scleroderma, genus_Scleroderma, fungus_genus,@ family_Sclerodermataceae,#m (genus of poisonous fungi having hard-skinned fruiting bodies: false truffles) }
{ earthball, false_truffle1, puffball1, hard-skinned_puffball, fungus,@ genus_Scleroderma,#m (any of various fungi of the genus Scleroderma having hard-skinned subterranean fruiting bodies resembling truffles) }
{ Scleroderma_citrinum, Scleroderma_aurantium, earthball,@ genus_Scleroderma,#m (an earthball fungus that is a dingy brownish yellow and a dark purplish interior; the peridium is covered with a pattern of small warts) }
{ Scleroderma_flavidium, star_earthball, earthball,@ genus_Scleroderma,#m (an earthball with a smooth upper surface that is at first buried in sand; the top of the fruiting body opens up to form segments like the ray of an umbel) }
{ Scleroderma_bovista, smooth_earthball, earthball,@ genus_Scleroderma,#m (an earthball with a peridium that is firm dry and smooth when young but developing cracks when mature; pale orange-yellow when young and reddish brown at maturity) }
{ Podaxaceae, gastromycete,@ (a variety of gastromycete) }
{ stalked_puffball2, Podaxaceae,@ (a variety of Podaxaceae) }

{ Tulostomaceae, family_Tulostomaceae, Tulostomataceae, family_Tulostomataceae, fungus_family,@ order_Sclerodermatales,#m (stalked puffballs) }
{ Tulostoma, genus_Tulostoma, Tulestoma, genus_Tulestoma, fungus_genus,@ family_Tulostomaceae,#m (type genus of the Tulostomaceae) }
{ stalked_puffball, fungus,@ genus_Tulostoma,#m (mushroom of the genus Tulostoma that resembles a puffball) }

{ Hymenogastrales, order_Hymenogastrales, fungus_order,@ class_Gasteromycetes,#m (an order of fungi belonging to the class Gasteromycetes; has a distinct basidiocarp with a fleshy or waxy gleba (sometimes placed in subclass Homobasidiomycetes)) }
{ Rhizopogonaceae, family_Rhizopogonaceae, fungus_family,@ order_Hymenogastrales,#m (a family of fungi of order Hymenogastrales having round subterranean sporophores) }
{ false_truffle2, fungus,@ family_Rhizopogonaceae,#m (any of various fungi of the family Rhizopogonaceae having subterranean fruiting bodies similar to the truffle) }
{ Rhizopogon, genus_Rhizopogon, fungus_genus,@ family_Rhizopogonaceae,#m (a genus of fungi having subterranean sporophores resembling tubers) }
{ Rhizopogon_idahoensis, false_truffle2,@ genus_Rhizopogon,#m (a large whitish Rhizopogon that becomes greyish brown in maturity) }
{ Truncocolumella, genus_Truncocolumella, fungus_genus,@ family_Rhizopogonaceae,#m (a genus of fungi belonging to the family Rhizopogonaceae) }
{ Truncocolumella_citrina, false_truffle2,@ genus_Truncocolumella,#m (a fungus with a round yellow to orange fruiting body that is found on the surface of the ground or partially buried; has a distinctive sterile column extending into the spore-bearing tissue) }

{ Zygomycota, subdivision_Zygomycota, Zygomycotina, subdivision_Zygomycotina, noun.group:division4,@ division_Eumycota,#m (division of fungi having sexually produced zygospores) }
{ Zygomycetes, class_Zygomycetes, noun.group:class2,@ subdivision_Zygomycota,#m (class of fungi coextensive with subdivision Zygomycota) }
{ Mucorales, order_Mucorales, fungus_order,@ class_Zygomycetes,#m (an order of mostly saprophytic fungi) }
{ Mucoraceae, family_Mucoraceae, fungus_family,@ order_Mucorales,#m (large family of chiefly saprophytic fungi that includes many common molds destructive to food products) }
{ genus_Mucor, fungus_genus,@ family_Mucoraceae,#m (type genus of the Mucoraceae; genus of molds having cylindrical or pear-shaped sporangia not limited in location to points where rhizoids develop) }
{ mucor, mold,@ genus_Mucor,#m (any mold of the genus Mucor) }
{ genus_Rhizopus, fungus_genus,@ family_Mucoraceae,#m (a genus of rot-causing fungi having columnar hemispherical aerial sporangia anchored to the substrate by rhizoids) }
{ rhizopus, mold,@ genus_Rhizopus,#m (any of various rot causing fungi of the genus Rhizopus) }
{ bread_mold, Rhizopus_nigricans, rhizopus,@ genus_Rhizopus,#m (a mold of the genus Rhizopus) }
{ leak_fungus, ring_rot_fungus, Rhizopus_stolonifer, rhizoid,@ genus_Rhizopus,#m (fungus causing soft watery rot in fruits and vegetables and rings of dry rot around roots of sweet potatoes) }
{ Entomophthorales, order_Entomophthorales, fungus_order,@ class_Zygomycetes,#m (coextensive with the family Entomophthoraceae) }
{ Entomophthoraceae, family_Entomophthoraceae, fungus_family,@ order_Entomophthorales,#m (mostly parasitic lower fungi that typically develop in the bodies of insects) }
{ Entomophthora, genus_Entomophthora, fungus_genus,@ family_Entomophthoraceae,#m (type genus of the Entomophthoraceae; fungi parasitic on insects) }

{ rhizoid, noun.substance:filament,@ (any of various slender filaments that function as roots in mosses and ferns and fungi etc) }

{ slime_mold, slime_mould, fungus,@ (a naked mass of protoplasm having characteristics of both plants and animals; sometimes classified as protoctists) }

{ Myxomycota, division_Myxomycota, Gymnomycota, division_Gymnomycota, noun.group:division4,@ kingdom_Fungi,#m (slime molds; organisms having a noncellular and multinucleate creeping vegetative phase and a propagative spore-producing stage: comprises Myxomycetes and Acrasiomycetes; in some classifications placed in the kingdom Protoctista) }
{ Myxomycetes, class_Myxomycetes, noun.group:class2,@ division_Myxomycota,#m (the class of true slime molds; essentially equivalent to the division Myxomycota) }
{ true_slime_mold, acellular_slime_mold, plasmodial_slime_mold, myxomycete, slime_mold,@ class_Myxomycetes,#m (a slime mold of the class Myxomycetes) }

{ Acrasiomycetes, class_Acrasiomycetes, noun.group:class2,@ division_Myxomycota,#m (cellular slime molds; in some classifications placed in kingdom Protoctista) }
{ cellular_slime_mold, slime_mold,@ class_Acrasiomycetes,#m (differing from true slime molds in being cellular and nucleate throughout the life cycle) }
{ genus_Dictostylium, fungus_genus,@ class_Acrasiomycetes,#m (genus of slime molds that grow on dung and decaying vegetation) }
{ dictostylium, cellular_slime_mold,@ genus_Dictostylium,#m (any slime mold of the genus Dictostylium) }

{ Phycomycetes, Phycomycetes_group, noun.group:taxonomic_group,@ kingdom_Fungi,#m (a large and probably unnatural group of fungi and funguslike organisms comprising the Mastigomycota (including the Oomycetes) and Zygomycota subdivisions of the division Eumycota; a category not used in all systems) }
{ Mastigomycota, subdivision_Mastigomycota, Mastigomycotina, subdivision_Mastigomycotina, noun.group:division4,@ division_Eumycota,#m (fungi in which the spores and gametes are motile; in some systems placed in the Phycomycetes group with the Zygomycota) }

{ Oomycetes, class_Oomycetes, noun.group:class2,@ subdivision_Mastigomycota,#m (nonphotosynthetic fungi that resemble algae and that reproduce by forming oospores; sometimes classified as protoctists) }

{ Chytridiomycetes, class_Chytridiomycetes, noun.group:class2,@ subdivision_Mastigomycota,#m (a class of mostly aquatic fungi; saprophytic or parasitic on algae or fungi or plants) }
{ Chytridiales, order_Chytridiales, fungus_order,@ class_Chytridiomycetes,#m (simple aquatic fungi mostly saprophytic but some parasitic on higher plants or animals or fresh water fungi; sometimes placed in class Oomycetes) }
{ pond-scum_parasite, fungus,@ genus_Synchytrium,#m (an aquatic fungus of genus Synchytriaceae that is parasitic on pond scum) }
{ Chytridiaceae, family_Chytridiaceae, fungus_family,@ order_Chytridiales,#m (a family of aquatic fungi of order Chytridiales) }

{ Blastocladiales, order_Blastocladiales, fungus_order,@ class_Chytridiomycetes,#m (fungi that carry out asexual reproduction by thick-walled resting spores that produce zoospores upon germination; sometimes placed in class Oomycetes) }
{ Blastodiaceae, family_Blastodiaceae, fungus_family,@ order_Blastocladiales,#m (a family of saprobic fungi of order Blastocladiales) }
{ Blastocladia, genus_Blastocladia, fungus_genus,@ family_Blastodiaceae,#m (a genus of fungi of the family Blastodiaceae) }
{ Synchytriaceae, family_Synchytriaceae, fungus_family,@ order_Chytridiales,#m (a fungus family of order Chytridiales) }
{ Synchytrium, genus_Synchytrium, fungus_genus,@ family_Synchytriaceae,#m (simple parasitic fungi including pond scum parasites) }
{ potato_wart_fungus, Synchytrium_endobioticum, fungus,@ genus_Synchytrium,#m (fungus causing potato wart disease in potato tubers) }

{ Saprolegniales, order_Saprolegniales, fungus_order,@ class_Oomycetes,#m (order of chiefly aquatic fungi) }
{ Saprolegnia, genus_Saprolegnia, fungus_genus,@ order_Saprolegniales,#m (aquatic fungi growing chiefly on plant debris and animal remains) }
{ white_fungus, Saprolegnia_ferax, fungus,@ genus_Saprolegnia,#m (a fungus that attacks living fish and tadpoles and spawn causing white fungus disease: a coating of white hyphae on especially peripheral parts (as fins)) }
{ water_mold, mold,@ genus_Saprolegnia,#m (parasitic or saprobic organisms living chiefly in fresh water or moist soil) }

{ Peronosporales, order_Peronosporales, fungus_order,@ class_Oomycetes,#m (order of chiefly parasitic lower fungi: Albuginaceae and Peronosporaceae and Pythiaceae) }
{ Peronosporaceae, family_Peronosporaceae, fungus_family,@ order_Peronosporales,#m (parasitic fungi: downy mildews) }
{ Peronospora, genus_Peronospora, fungus_genus,@ family_Peronosporaceae,#m (genus of destructive downy mildews) }
{ downy_mildew, false_mildew, mildew,@ family_Peronosporaceae,#m (any of various fungi of the family Peronosporaceae parasitic on e.g. grapes and potatoes and melons) }
{ blue_mold_fungus, Peronospora_tabacina, downy_mildew,@ genus_Peronospora,#m (fungus causing a serious disease in tobacco plants characterized by bluish-grey mildew on undersides of leaves) }
{ onion_mildew, Peronospora_destructor, downy_mildew,@ genus_Peronospora,#m (fungus causing a downy mildew on onions) }
{ tobacco_mildew, Peronospora_hyoscyami, downy_mildew,@ genus_Peronospora,#m (fungus causing a downy mildew on growing tobacco) }

{ Albuginaceae, family_Albuginaceae, fungus_family,@ order_Peronosporales,#m (fungi that produce white sori resembling blisters on certain flowering plants) }
{ Albugo, genus_Albugo, fungus_genus,@ family_Albuginaceae,#m (type genus of the Albuginaceae; fungi causing white rusts) }
{ white_rust, fungus,@ genus_Albugo,#m (fungus causing a disease characterized by a white powdery mass of conidia) }

{ Pythiaceae, family_Pythiaceae, fungus_family,@ order_Peronosporales,#m (fungi having sporangia usually borne successively and singly at the tips of branching sporangiophores) }
{ genus_Pythium, fungus_genus,@ family_Pythiaceae,#m (destructive root-parasitic fungi) }
{ pythium, fungus,@ genus_Pythium,#m (any fungus of the genus Pythium) }
{ damping_off_fungus, Pythium_debaryanum, pythium,@ (fungus causing damping off disease in seedlings) }
{ Phytophthora, genus_Phytophthora, fungus_genus,@ family_Pythiaceae,#m (destructive parasitic fungi causing brown rot in plants) }
{ Phytophthora_citrophthora, fungus,@ genus_Phytophthora,#m (causes brown rot gummosis in citrus fruits) }
{ Phytophthora_infestans, fungus,@ genus_Phytophthora,#m (fungus causing late blight in solanaceous plants especially tomatoes and potatoes) }

{ Plasmodiophoraceae, family_Plasmodiophoraceae, fungus_family,@ class_Oomycetes,#m (family of fungi often causing hypertrophy in seed plants) }
{ Plasmodiophora, genus_Plasmodiophora, fungus_genus,@ family_Plasmodiophoraceae,#m (type genus of Plasmodiophoraceae comprising minute plant parasitic fungi similar to and sometimes included among the slime molds) }
{ clubroot_fungus, Plasmodiophora_brassicae, fungus,@ genus_Plasmodiophora,#m (a fungus resembling slime mold that causes swellings or distortions of the roots of cabbages and related plants) }

{ Geglossaceae, ascomycete,@ (a type of ascomycetous fungus) }
{ Sarcosomataceae, ascomycete,@ (a type of ascomycetous fungus) }
{ black_felt_cup, Sarcosomataceae,@ (a common name for a variety of Sarcosomataceae) }
{ Rufous_rubber_cup, Sarcosomataceae,@ (a common name for a variety of Sarcosomataceae) }
{ charred_pancake_cup, Sarcosomataceae,@ (a common name for a variety of Sarcosomataceae) }
{ devil's_cigar, Sarcosomataceae,@ (a common name for a variety of Sarcosomataceae) }
{ devil's_urn, Sarcosomataceae,@ (a common name for a variety of Sarcosomataceae) }
{ winter_urn, Sarcosomataceae,@ (a common name for a variety of Sarcosomataceae) }

{ Tuberales, order_Tuberales, fungus_order,@ subdivision_Ascomycota,#m (small order of fungi belonging to the subdivision Ascomycota having closed underground ascocarps) }
{ Tuberaceae, family_Tuberaceae, fungus_family,@ order_Tuberales,#m (family of fungi whose ascocarps resemble tubers and vary in size from that of an acorn to that of a large apple) }
{ Tuber1, genus_Tuber, fungus_genus,@ family_Tuberaceae,#m (type genus of the Tuberaceae: fungi whose fruiting bodies are typically truffles) }
{ truffle, earthnut2, earth-ball1, fungus,@ genus_Tuber,#m (any of various highly prized edible subterranean fungi of the genus Tuber; grow naturally in southwestern Europe) }

{ Clavariaceae, family_Clavariaceae, fungus_family,@ order_Agaricales,#m (fleshy fungi: coral fungi) }
{ club_fungus, coral_fungus,@ (a club-shaped coral fungus) }
{ coral_fungus, fungus,@ family_Clavariaceae,#m (any of numerous fungi of the family Clavariaceae often brightly colored that grow in often intricately branched clusters like coral) }

{ Hydnaceae, family_Hydnaceae, fungus_family,@ order_Agaricales,#m (tooth fungi) }
{ tooth_fungus, fungus,@ family_Hydnaceae,#m (a fungus of the family Hydnaceae) }
{ Hydnum, genus_Hydnum, fungus_genus,@ family_Hydnaceae,#m (type genus of Hydnaceae) }

{ Lichenes, division_Lichenes, noun.group:division4,@ kingdom_Fungi,#m (comprising the lichens which grow symbiotically with algae; sometimes treated as an independent group more or less coordinate with algae and fungi) }
{ Lichenales, order_Lichenales, fungus_order,@ division_Lichenes,#m (category used especially in former classifications for organisms now constituting the division Lichenes) }
{ lichen, fungus,@ division_Lichenes,#m (any thallophytic plant of the division Lichenes; occur as crusty patches or bushy growths on tree trunks or rocks or bare ground etc.) }
{ ascolichen, lichen,@ (a lichen in which the fungus component is an ascomycete) }
{ basidiolichen, lichen,@ (a lichen in which the fungus component is a basidiomycete) }
{ Lechanorales, order_Lechanorales, fungus_order,@ division_Lichenes,#m (category used in some classification systems for all lichens that produce apothecia) }
{ Lecanoraceae, family_Lecanoraceae, fungus_family,@ division_Lichenes,#m (a fungus family of the division Lichenes) }
{ genus_Lecanora, fungus_genus,@ family_Lecanoraceae,#m (type genus of Lecanoraceae; crustaceous lichens) }
{ lecanora, lichen,@ genus_Lecanora,#m (any lichen of the genus Lecanora; some used in dyeing; some used for food) }
{ manna_lichen, lecanora,@ (any of several Old World partially crustaceous or shrubby lecanoras that roll up and are blown about over African and Arabian deserts and used as food by people and animals) }
{ archil1, orchil1, lecanora,@ genus_Lecanora,#m (any of various lecanoras that yield the dye archil) }
{ Roccellaceae, family_Roccellaceae, fungus_family,@ division_Lichenes,#m (a fungus family of division Lichenes) }
{ genus_Roccella, fungus_genus,@ family_Roccellaceae,#m (chiefly fruticose maritime rock-inhabiting lichens) }
{ roccella, Roccella_tinctoria, lichen,@ genus_Roccella,#m (a source of the dye archil and of litmus) }
{ Pertusariaceae, family_Pertusariaceae, fungus_family,@ division_Lichenes,#m (a fungus family of division Lichenes) }
{ Pertusaria, genus_Pertusaria, fungus_genus,@ family_Pertusariaceae,#m (crustose lichens that are a source of the dye archil and of litmus) }

{ Usneaceae, family_Usneaceae, fungus_family,@ division_Lichenes,#m (fruticose lichens having prostrate or erect or pendulous thalli: genera Usnea, Evernia, Ramalina, Alectoria) }
{ Usnea, genus_Usnea, fungus_genus,@ family_Usneaceae,#m (widely distributed lichens usually having a greyish or yellow pendulous freely branched thallus) }
{ beard_lichen, beard_moss, Usnea_barbata, lichen,@ genus_Usnea,#m (greenish grey pendulous lichen growing on trees) }
{ Evernia, genus_Evernia, fungus_genus,@ family_Usneaceae,#m (lichens of the family Usneaceae having a pendulous or shrubby thallus) }
{ Ramalina, genus_Ramalina, fungus_genus,@ family_Usneaceae,#m (shrubby lichens of the family Usneaceae having a flattened thallus) }
{ Alectoria, genus_Alectoria, fungus_genus,@ family_Usneaceae,#m (lichens having dark brown erect or pendulous much-branched cylindrical thallus) }
{ horsehair_lichen, horsetail_lichen, lichen,@ genus_Alectoria,#m (any of several lichens of the genus Alectoria having a thallus consisting of filaments resembling hair) }

{ Cladoniaceae, family_Cladoniaceae, fungus_family,@ division_Lichenes,#m (a family of lichens) }
{ Cladonia, genus_Cladonia, fungus_genus,@ family_Cladoniaceae,#m (type genus of Cladoniaceae; lichens characterized by a crustose thallus and capitate fruiting bodies borne on simple or branched podetia) }
{ reindeer_moss, reindeer_lichen, arctic_moss, Cladonia_rangiferina, lichen,@ genus_Cladonia,#m (an erect greyish branching lichen of Arctic and even some north temperate regions constituting the chief food for reindeer and caribou and sometimes being eaten by humans) }

{ Parmeliaceae, family_Parmeliaceae, fungus_family,@ division_Lichenes,#m (a family of lichens) }
{ Parmelia, genus_Parmelia, fungus_genus,@ family_Parmeliaceae,#m (type genus of the Parmeliaceae; a large genus of chiefly alpine foliaceous lichens) }
{ crottle, crottal, crotal, lichen,@ genus_Parmelia,#m (any of several lichens of the genus Parmelia from which reddish brown or purple dyes are made) }
{ Cetraria, genus_Cetraria, fungus_genus,@ family_Parmeliaceae,#m (foliose lichens chiefly of northern latitudes) }
{ Iceland_moss, Iceland_lichen, Cetraria_islandica, lichen,@ genus_Cetraria,#m (lichen with branched flattened partly erect thallus that grows in mountainous and Arctic regions; used as a medicine or food for humans and livestock; a source of glycerol) }

{ Fungi, kingdom_Fungi, fungus_kingdom, noun.group:kingdom2,@ (the taxonomic kingdom including yeast, molds, smuts, mushrooms, and toadstools; distinct from the green plants) }
{ [ fungus, adj.pert:fungous,+ adj.pert:fungal,+ ] noun.Tops:organism,@ kingdom_Fungi,#m (an organism of the kingdom Fungi lacking chlorophyll and feeding on organic matter; ranging from unicellular or multicellular organisms to spore-bearing syncytia) }
{ [ basidium, adj.pert:basidial,+ ] reproductive_structure,@ (a small club-shaped structure typically bearing four basidiospores at the ends of minute projections; unique to basidiomycetes) }
{ hypobasidium, plant_organ,@ basidium,#p (special cell constituting the base of the basidium in various fungi especially of the order Tremellales) }
{ promycelium, basidium,@ (the basidium of various fungi) }

{ Eumycota, division_Eumycota, noun.group:division4,@ kingdom_Fungi,#m (true fungi; eukaryotic heterotrophic walled organisms; distinguished from Myxomycota (funguslike slime molds): comprises subdivisions Mastigomycotina; Zygomycotina; Ascomycotina; Basidiomycotina; Deuteromycotina (imperfect fungi)) }
{ Eumycetes, class_Eumycetes, noun.group:class2,@ division_Eumycota,#m (category used in some classifications: coextensive with division Eumycota) }
{ true_fungus, fungus,@ division_Eumycota,#m (any of numerous fungi of the division Eumycota) }

{ Deuteromycota, subdivision_Deuteromycota, Deuteromycotina, Fungi_imperfecti, subdivision_Deuteromycotina, noun.group:division4,@ division_Eumycota,#m (large and heterogeneous form division of fungi comprising forms for which no sexually reproductive stage is known) }
{ Deuteromycetes, class_Deuteromycetes, noun.group:class2,@ subdivision_Deuteromycota,#m (form class; coextensive with subdivision Deuteromycota) }

{ Basidiomycota, subdivision_Basidiomycota, Basidiomycotina, subdivision_Basidiomycotina, noun.group:division4,@ division_Eumycota,#m (comprises fungi bearing the spores on a basidium; includes Gasteromycetes (puffballs) and Tiliomycetes comprising the orders Ustilaginales (smuts) and Uredinales (rusts) and Hymenomycetes (mushrooms, toadstools, agarics and bracket fungi); in some classification systems considered a division of kingdom Fungi) }
{ Basidiomycetes, class_Basidiomycetes, noun.group:class2,@ subdivision_Basidiomycota,#m (large class of higher fungi coextensive with subdivision Basidiomycota) }
{ Homobasidiomycetes, subclass_Homobasidiomycetes, noun.group:class2,@ class_Basidiomycetes,#m (category used in some classification systems for various basidiomycetous fungi including e.g. mushrooms and puffballs which are usually placed in the classes Gasteromycetes and Hymenomycetes) }
{ Heterobasidiomycetes, subclass_Heterobasidiomycetes, noun.group:class2,@ class_Basidiomycetes,#m (category used in some classification systems for various basidiomycetous fungi including rusts and smuts) }
{ [ basidiomycete, adj.pert:basidiomycetous,+ ] basidiomycetous_fungi, fungus,@ class_Basidiomycetes,#m (any of various fungi of the subdivision Basidiomycota) }
{ mushroom2, basidiomycete,@ (any of various fleshy fungi of the subdivision Basidiomycota consisting of a cap at the end of a stem arising from an underground mycelium) }

{ Hymenomycetes, class_Hymenomycetes, noun.group:class2,@ subdivision_Basidiomycota,#m (used in some classifications; usually coextensive with order Agaricales: mushrooms; toadstools; agarics; bracket fungi) }
{ Agaricales, order_Agaricales, fungus_order,@ subdivision_Basidiomycota,#m (typical gilled mushrooms belonging to the subdivision Basidiomycota) }
{ agaric, basidiomycete,@ order_Agaricales,#m (a saprophytic fungus of the order Agaricales having an umbrellalike cap with gills on the underside) }
{ Agaricaceae, family_Agaricaceae, fungus_family,@ order_Agaricales,#m (large family including many familiar mushrooms) }
{ Agaricus, genus_Agaricus, fungus_genus,@ family_Agaricaceae,#m (type genus of Agaricaceae; gill fungi having brown spores and including several edible species) }
{ mushroom1, agaric,@ (mushrooms and related fleshy fungi (including toadstools, puffballs, morels, coral fungi, etc.)) }
{ [ mushroom, verb.contact:mushroom,+ toadstool,! ] agaric,@ (common name for an edible agaric (contrasting with the inedible toadstool)) }
{ [ toadstool, mushroom,! ] agaric,@ (common name for an inedible or poisonous agaric (contrasting with the edible mushroom)) }
{ horse_mushroom, Agaricus_arvensis, agaric,@ genus_Agaricus,#m (coarse edible mushroom with a hollow stem and a broad white cap) }
{ meadow_mushroom, field_mushroom, Agaricus_campestris, agaric,@ genus_Agaricus,#m (common edible mushroom found naturally in moist open soil; the cultivated mushroom of commerce) }

{ Lentinus, genus_Lentinus, fungus_genus,@ family_Tricholomataceae,#m (a genus of fungus belonging to the family Tricholomataceae) }
{ shiitake, shiitake_mushroom, Chinese_black_mushroom, golden_oak_mushroom, Oriental_black_mushroom, Lentinus_edodes, fungus,@ genus_Lentinus,#m (edible east Asian mushroom having a golden or dark brown to blackish cap and an inedible stipe) }
{ scaly_lentinus, Lentinus_lepideus, fungus,@ genus_Lentinus,#m (a fungus with a scaly cap and white flesh and a ring on the stalk (with scales below the ring); odor reminiscent of licorice) }

{ Amanita, genus_Amanita, fungus_genus,@ family_Agaricaceae,#m (genus of widely distributed agarics that have white spores and are poisonous with few exceptions) }
{ royal_agaric, Caesar's_agaric, Amanita_caesarea, agaric,@ genus_Amanita,#m (widely distributed edible mushroom resembling the fly agaric) }
{ false_deathcap, Amanita_mappa, agaric,@ genus_Amanita,#m (agaric often confused with the death cup) }
{ fly_agaric, Amanita_muscaria, agaric,@ genus_Amanita,#m (poisonous (but rarely fatal) woodland fungus having a scarlet cap with white warts and white gills) }
{ death_cap, death_cup, death_angel, destroying_angel1, Amanita_phalloides, agaric,@ genus_Amanita,#m (extremely poisonous usually white fungus with a prominent cup-shaped base; differs from edible Agaricus only in its white gills) }
{ blushing_mushroom, [ blusher, verb.body:blush,+ ] Amanita_rubescens, agaric,@ genus_Amanita,#m (yellowish edible agaric that usually turns red when touched) }
{ destroying_angel2, Amanita_verna, agaric,@ genus_Amanita,#m (fungus similar to Amanita phalloides) }

{ slime_mushroom, Amanita,@ (a mushroom of the genus Amanita) }
{ white_slime_mushroom, slime_mushroom,@ (a type of slime mushroom) }
{ Fischer's_slime_mushroom, slime_mushroom,@ (a type of slime mushroom) }

{ Cantharellus, genus_Cantharellus, fungus_genus,@ family_Agaricaceae,#m (a well-known genus of fungus; has funnel-shaped fruiting body; includes the chanterelles) }
{ chanterelle, chantarelle, Cantharellus_cibarius, agaric,@ genus_Cantharellus,#m (widely distributed edible mushroom rich yellow in color with a smooth cap and a pleasant apricot aroma) }
{ floccose_chanterelle, Cantharellus_floccosus, agaric,@ genus_Cantharellus,#m (a mildly poisonous fungus with a fruiting body shaped like a hollow trumpet) }
{ pig's_ears, Cantharellus_clavatus, agaric,@ genus_Cantharellus,#m (an edible agaric with a brown fruiting body that is often compound) }
{ cinnabar_chanterelle, Cantharellus_cinnabarinus, agaric,@ genus_Cantharellus,#m (mushroom with a distinctive pink to vermillion fruiting body) }

{ Omphalotus, genus_Omphalotus, fungus_genus,@ family_Tricholomataceae,#m (a genus of fungi with a depressed disc in the cap) }
{ jack-o-lantern_fungus, jack-o-lantern, jack-a-lantern, Omphalotus_illudens, agaric,@ genus_Omphalotus,#m (a large poisonous agaric with orange caps and narrow clustered stalks; the gills are luminescent) }

{ Coprinus, genus_Coprinus, fungus_genus,@ family_Agaricaceae,#m (genus of black-spotted agarics in which the cap breaks down at maturity into an inky fluid; sometimes placed in its own family Coprinaceae) }
{ Coprinaceae, family_Coprinaceae, fungus_family,@ order_Agaricales,#m (used in some classifications for the genus Coprinus) }
{ inky_cap, inky-cap_mushroom, Coprinus_atramentarius, agaric,@ genus_Coprinus,#m (having a cap that melts into an inky fluid after spores have matured) }
{ shaggymane, shaggy_cap, shaggymane_mushroom, Coprinus_comatus, agaric,@ genus_Coprinus,#m (common edible mushroom having an elongated shaggy white cap and black spores) }

{ Lactarius, genus_Lactarius, fungus_genus,@ family_Agaricaceae,#m (large genus of agarics that have white spore and contain a white or milky juice when cut or broken; includes both edible and poisonous species) }
{ milkcap, Lactarius_delicioso, agaric,@ genus_Lactarius,#m (edible mushroom) }

{ Marasmius, genus_Marasmius, fungus_genus,@ family_Agaricaceae,#m (chiefly small mushrooms with white spores) }
{ fairy-ring_mushroom, Marasmius_oreades, agaric,@ genus_Marasmius,#m (mushroom that grows in a fairy ring) }
{ fairy_ring, fairy_circle, noun.shape:ring,@ (a ring of fungi marking the periphery of the perennial underground growth of the mycelium) }

{ Pleurotus, genus_Pleurotus, fungus_genus,@ family_Agaricaceae,#m (agarics with white spores and caps having an eccentric stem; an important mushroom of Japan) }
{ oyster_mushroom, oyster_fungus, oyster_agaric, Pleurotus_ostreatus, agaric,@ genus_Pleurotus,#m (edible agaric with a soft greyish cap growing in shelving masses on dead wood) }
{ olive-tree_agaric, Pleurotus_phosphoreus, agaric,@ genus_Pleurotus,#m (red luminescent mushroom of Europe) }

{ Pholiota, genus_Pholiota, fungus_genus,@ family_Strophariaceae,#m (genus of gilled agarics of Europe and North America having brown spores and an annulus; grows on open ground or decaying wood) }
{ Pholiota_astragalina, agaric,@ genus_Pholiota,#m (a fungus with a smooth orange cap and yellow gills and pale yellow stalk) }
{ Pholiota_aurea, golden_pholiota, agaric,@ genus_Pholiota,#m (a beautiful yellow gilled fungus found from Alaska south along the coast) }
{ Pholiota_destruens, agaric,@ genus_Pholiota,#m (a large fungus with whitish scales on the cap and remnants of the veil hanging from the cap; the stalk is thick and hard) }
{ Pholiota_flammans, agaric,@ genus_Pholiota,#m (a fungus with a yellow cap covered with fine scales as is the stalk) }
{ Pholiota_flavida, agaric,@ genus_Pholiota,#m (a fungus that grows in clusters on the ground; cap is brownish orange with a surface that is smooth and slightly sticky; whitish gills and a cylindrical brown stalk) }
{ nameko, viscid_mushroom, Pholiota_nameko, agaric,@ genus_Pholiota,#m (one of the most important fungi cultivated in Japan) }
{ Pholiota_squarrosa-adiposa, agaric,@ genus_Pholiota,#m (a gilled fungus having yellow slimy caps with conspicuous tawny scales on the caps and stalks) }
{ Pholiota_squarrosa, scaly_pholiota, agaric,@ genus_Pholiota,#m (a gilled fungus with a cap and stalk that are conspicuously scaly with upright scales; gills develop a greenish tinge with age) }
{ Pholiota_squarrosoides, agaric,@ genus_Pholiota,#m (a pale buff fungus with tawny scales) }

{ Russula, genus_Russula, fungus_genus,@ family_Agaricaceae,#m (large genus of fungi with stout stems and white spores and neither annulus nor volva; brittle caps of red or purple or yellow or green or blue; differs from genus Lactarius in lacking milky juice) }
{ Russulaceae, family_Russulaceae, fungus_family,@ order_Agaricales,#m (used in some classification systems for the genus Russula) }

{ Strophariaceae, family_Strophariaceae, fungus_family,@ order_Agaricales,#m (sometimes included in family Agaricaceae) }
{ Stropharia, genus_Stropharia, ring-stalked_fungus, fungus_genus,@ family_Strophariaceae,#m (genus of gill fungi with brown spores that is closely related to Agaricus; here placed in its own family Strophariaceae) }
{ Stropharia_ambigua, agaric,@ genus_Stropharia,#m (a gilled fungus with a long stalk and a yellow slimy cap from which fragments of the broken veil hang; gills are initially white but become dark brown as spores are released) }
{ Stropharia_hornemannii, agaric,@ genus_Stropharia,#m (a gilled fungus with a large slimy purple or olive cap; gills become purple with age; the stalk is long and richly decorated with pieces of the white sheath that extends up to a ring) }
{ Stropharia_rugoso-annulata, agaric,@ genus_Stropharia,#m (a large gilled fungus with a broad cap and a long stalk; the cap is dark brown; the white gills turn dark purplish brown with age; edible and choice) }

{ galea, plant_organ,@ (an organ shaped like a helmet; usually a vaulted and enlarged petal as in Aconitum) }
{ gill_fungus, basidiomycete,@ (a basidiomycete with gills) }
{ gill, lamella, plant_organ,@ (any of the radiating leaflike spore-producing structures on the underside of the cap of a mushroom or similar fungus) }

{ Entolomataceae, family_Entolomataceae, fungus_family,@ order_Agaricales,#m (a family of fungi belonging to the order Agaricales) }
{ Entoloma, genus_Entoloma, fungus_genus,@ family_Entolomataceae,#m (agarics with pink spores but lacking both volva and annulus (includes some that are poisonous)) }
{ Entoloma_lividum, Entoloma_sinuatum, agaric,@ genus_Entoloma,#m (a deadly poisonous agaric; a large cap that is first white (livid or lead-colored) and then turns yellowish or tan) }
{ Entoloma_aprile, agaric,@ genus_Entoloma,#m (an agaric with a dark brown conical cap; fruits in early spring) }

{ Lepiotaceae, family_Lepiotaceae, fungus_family,@ order_Agaricales,#m (a family of fungi having free gills and a cap that is cleanly separable from the stalk) }
{ genus_Chlorophyllum, fungus_genus,@ family_Lepiotaceae,#m (a genus of fungus belonging to the family Lepiotaceae) }
{ Chlorophyllum_molybdites, agaric,@ (a poisonous agaric with a fibrillose cap and brown scales on a white ground color; cap can reach a diameter of 30 cm; often forms `fairy rings') }
{ genus_Lepiota, fungus_genus,@ family_Lepiotaceae,#m (agarics with white spores that includes several edible and poisonous mushrooms: parasol mushrooms) }
{ lepiota, agaric,@ genus_Lepiota,#m (any fungus of the genus Lepiota) }
{ parasol_mushroom, Lepiota_procera, agaric,@ genus_Lepiota,#m (edible long-stalked mushroom with white flesh and gills and spores; found in open woodlands in autumn) }
{ poisonous_parasol, Lepiota_morgani, lepiota,@ genus_Lepiota,#m (an agaric regarded as poisonous) }
{ Lepiota_naucina, lepiota,@ genus_Lepiota,#m (an agaric with greyish white fruiting body and gills that change from pink to dingy red) }
{ Lepiota_rhacodes, lepiota,@ genus_Lepiota,#m (an agaric with a large cap with brown scales and a thick stalk) }
{ American_parasol, Lepiota_americana, lepiota,@ genus_Lepiota,#m (an agaric with a pallid cap and a stalk that is enlarged near the base) }
{ Lepiota_rubrotincta, lepiota,@ genus_Lepiota,#m (an agaric with a relatively small pink to red cap and white gills and stalk) }
{ Lepiota_clypeolaria, lepiota,@ genus_Lepiota,#m (an agaric with a ragged stalk and a soft floccose cap) }
{ onion_stem, Lepiota_cepaestipes, lepiota,@ genus_Lepiota,#m (a white agaric that tends to cluster and has a club-shaped base) }

{ Thelephoraceae, family_Thelephoraceae, fungus_family,@ order_Agaricales,#m (fungi having leathery or membranous sporophores) }
{ Corticium, genus_Corticium, fungus_genus,@ family_Thelephoraceae,#m (genus of fungi having simple smooth sporophores; some are parasitic on wood or economic crops; some species formerly placed in form genus Rhizoctinia) }
{ pink_disease_fungus, Corticium_salmonicolor, fungus,@ genus_Corticium,#m (fungus causing pink disease in citrus and coffee and rubber trees etc) }
{ bottom_rot_fungus, Corticium_solani, fungus,@ genus_Corticium,#m (fungus causing bottom rot in lettuce) }
{ Pellicularia, genus_Pellicularia, fungus_genus,@ family_Thelephoraceae,#m (genus of fungi having the hymenium in the form of a crust; some species formerly placed in form genus Rhizoctinia) }
{ potato_fungus, Pellicularia_filamentosa, Rhizoctinia_solani, fungus,@ genus_Pellicularia,#m (fungus causing a disease in potatoes characterized by black scurfy spots on the tubers) }
{ coffee_fungus, Pellicularia_koleroga, fungus,@ genus_Pellicularia,#m (fungus causing a disease in coffee and some other tropical plants) }

{ Tricholomataceae, family_Tricholomataceae, fungus_family,@ order_Agaricales,#m (a family of fungi belonging to the order Agaricales) }
{ Tricholoma, genus_Tricholoma, fungus_genus,@ family_Tricholomataceae,#m (agarics with white spores and a fleshy stalk and notched gills; of various colors both edible and inedible) }
{ blewits, Clitocybe_nuda, agaric,@ (edible agaric that is pale lilac when young; has a smooth moist cap) }
{ sandy_mushroom, Tricholoma_populinum, agaric,@ genus_Tricholoma,#m (an edible agaric that fruits in great clusters (especially in sandy soil under cottonwood trees)) }
{ Tricholoma_pessundatum, agaric,@ genus_Tricholoma,#m (a mildly poisonous agaric with a viscid reddish brown cap and white gills and stalk) }
{ Tricholoma_sejunctum, agaric,@ genus_Tricholoma,#m (an agaric with a cap that is coated with dark fibrils in the center and has yellowish margins) }
{ man-on-a-horse, Tricholoma_flavovirens, agaric,@ genus_Tricholoma,#m (an edible agaric with yellow gills and a viscid yellow cap that has a brownish center) }
{ Tricholoma_venenata, agaric,@ genus_Tricholoma,#m (a poisonous white agaric) }
{ Tricholoma_pardinum, agaric,@ genus_Tricholoma,#m (a poisonous agaric having a pale cap with fine grey fibrils) }
{ Tricholoma_vaccinum, agaric,@ genus_Tricholoma,#m (an agaric with a cap that is densely covered with reddish fibrils and pale gills and stalk) }
{ Tricholoma_aurantium, agaric,@ genus_Tricholoma,#m (an orange tan agaric whose gills become brown by maturity; has a strong odor and taste) }

{ Volvariaceae, family_Volvariaceae, fungus_family,@ order_Agaricales,#m (a family of fungi belonging to the order Agaricales) }
{ Volvaria, genus_Volvaria, fungus_genus,@ family_Volvariaceae,#m (agarics having pink spores and a distinct volva) }
{ Volvaria_bombycina, fungus,@ genus_Volvaria,#m (a parasite on various trees) }

{ Pluteaceae, family_Pluteaceae, fungus_family,@ order_Agaricales,#m (a family of fungi belonging to the order Agaricales) }
{ Pluteus, genus_Pluteus, roof_mushroom, fungus_genus,@ family_Pluteaceae,#m (a large genus of fungi belonging to the family Pluteaceae; the shape of the cap resembles a roof; often abundant early in the summer) }
{ Pluteus_aurantiorugosus, agaric,@ genus_Pluteus,#m (an agaric with a brilliant scarlet cap and a slender stalk) }
{ Pluteus_magnus, sawdust_mushroom, agaric,@ genus_Pluteus,#m (an edible agaric found in piles of hardwood sawdust; the caps are black and coarsely wrinkled) }
{ deer_mushroom, Pluteus_cervinus, agaric,@ genus_Pluteus,#m (a small edible agaric with a slender stalk; usually found on rotting hardwoods) }
{ Volvariella, genus_Volvariella, fungus_genus,@ family_Pluteaceae,#m (an important genus of mushrooms in the Orient) }
{ straw_mushroom, Chinese_mushroom, Volvariella_volvacea, agaric,@ genus_Volvariella,#m (small tropical and subtropical edible mushroom having a white cap and long stem; an expensive delicacy in China and other Asian countries where it is grown commercially) }
{ Volvariella_bombycina, agaric,@ genus_Volvariella,#m (a mushroom with a dry yellowish to white fibrillose cap) }

{ Clitocybe, genus_Clitocybe, fungus_genus,@ family_Tricholomataceae,#m (a genus of agarics with white to pale yellow spore deposits and fleshy stalks centrally attached to the cap and closely attached gills) }
{ Clitocybe_clavipes, agaric,@ genus_Clitocybe,#m (an agaric with a flat cap that is greyish or yellowish brown with pallid gills and a stalk that bulges toward the base) }
{ Clitocybe_dealbata, agaric,@ genus_Clitocybe,#m (a small poisonous agaric; has a dry white cap with crowded gills and a short stalk) }
{ Clitocybe_inornata, agaric,@ genus_Clitocybe,#m (a fungus with a cap that is creamy grey when young and turns brown with age and a whitish stalk that stains yellow when handled) }
{ Clitocybe_robusta, Clytocybe_alba, agaric,@ genus_Clitocybe,#m (a large white agaric; edible but not palatable) }
{ Clitocybe_irina, Tricholoma_irinum, Lepista_irina, agaric,@ genus_Clitocybe,#m (an edible agaric with large silky white caps and thick stalks) }
{ Clitocybe_subconnexa, agaric,@ genus_Clitocybe,#m (an edible white agaric that fruits in dense clusters; the gills are narrow and crowded and the stalk is fleshy and unpolished) }

{ Flammulina, genus_Flammulina, fungus_genus,@ family_Tricholomataceae,#m (a genus of agarics) }
{ winter_mushroom, Flammulina_velutipes, agaric,@ genus_Flammulina,#m (an edible agaric that is available in early spring or late fall when few other mushrooms are; has a viscid smooth orange to brown cap and a velvety stalk that turns black in maturity and pallid gills; often occur in clusters) }

{ hypha, noun.substance:filament,@ mycelium,#p (any of the threadlike filaments forming the mycelium of a fungus) }
{ mycelium, plant_part,@ fungus,#p (the vegetative part of a fungus consisting of a mass of branching threadlike hyphae) }
{ sclerotium2, mycelium,@ (compact usually dark-colored mass of hardened mycelium constituting a vegetative food-storage body in various true fungi; detaches when mature and can give rise to new growth) }
{ sac_fungus, fungus,@ subdivision_Ascomycota,#m (any of various ascomycetous fungi in which the spores are formed in a sac or ascus) }

{ Ascomycota, subdivision_Ascomycota, Ascomycotina, subdivision_Ascomycotina, noun.group:division4,@ division_Eumycota,#m (a large subdivision of Eumycota including Hemiascomycetes and Plectomycetes and Pyrenomycetes and Discomycetes; sac fungi; in some classification systems considered a division of the kingdom Fungi) }
{ Ascomycetes, class_Ascomycetes, noun.group:class2,@ subdivision_Ascomycota,#m (large class of higher fungi coextensive with division Ascomycota: sac fungi) }
{ [ ascomycete, adj.pert:ascomycetous,+ ] ascomycetous_fungus, fungus,@ subdivision_Ascomycota,#m (any fungus of the class Ascomycetes (or subdivision Ascomycota) in which the spores are formed inside an ascus) }
{ Euascomycetes, subclass_Euascomycetes, noun.group:class2,@ class_Ascomycetes,#m (category not used in many classification systems) }

(==not in WIII)
{ Clavicipitaceae, grainy_club_mushrooms, Ascomycete,@ (any of various mushrooms of the class Ascomycetes) }
{ grainy_club, Clavicipitaceae,@ (a variety of grainy club mushrooms) }

(++)
{ Hemiascomycetes, class_Hemiascomycetes, noun.group:class2,@ subdivision_Ascomycota,#m (class of fungi in which no ascocarps are formed: yeasts and some plant parasites) }
{ Endomycetales, order_Endomycetales, fungus_order,@ class_Hemiascomycetes,#m (fungi having a zygote or a single cell developing directly into an ascus) }
{ Saccharomycetaceae, family_Saccharomycetaceae, fungus_family,@ order_Endomycetales,#m (family of fungi comprising the typical yeasts: reproduce by budding and ferment carbohydrates) }
{ Saccharomyces, genus_Saccharomyces, fungus_genus,@ family_Saccharomycetaceae,#m (single-celled yeasts that reproduce asexually by budding; used to ferment carbohydrates) }
{ [ yeast, adj.pert:yeasty,+ ] fungus,@ order_Endomycetales,#m (any of various single-celled fungi that reproduce asexually by budding or division) }
{ baker's_yeast, brewer's_yeast, Saccharomyces_cerevisiae, yeast,@ genus_Saccharomyces,#m (used as a leaven in baking and brewing) }
{ wine-maker's_yeast, Saccharomyces_ellipsoides, yeast,@ genus_Saccharomyces,#m (used in making wine) }
{ Schizosaccharomycetaceae, family_Schizosaccharomycetaceae, fungus_family,@ order_Endomycetales,#m (a family of fungi belonging to order Endomycetales) }
{ Schizosaccharomyces, genus_Schizosaccharomyces, fungus_genus,@ family_Schizosaccharomycetaceae,#m (type and only genus of Schizosaccharomycetaceae; comprises the fission yeasts) }

{ Plectomycetes, class_Plectomycetes, noun.group:class2,@ subdivision_Ascomycota,#m (class of fungi in which the fruiting body is a cleistothecium (it releases spores only on decay or disintegration)) }
{ Eurotiales, order_Eurotiales, Aspergillales, order_Aspergillales, fungus_order,@ class_Plectomycetes,#m (order of fungi having a closed ascocarp (cleistothecium) with the asci scattered rather than gathered in a hymenium) }
{ Eurotium, genus_Eurotium, fungus_genus,@ order_Eurotiales,#m (a genus of fungi belonging to the order Eurotiales) }
{ Aspergillaceae, family_Aspergillaceae, fungus_family,@ order_Eurotiales,#m (family of fungi including some common molds) }
{ Aspergillus, genus_Aspergillus, fungus_genus,@ family_Aspergillaceae,#m (genus of common molds causing food spoilage and some pathogenic to plants and animals) }
{ Aspergillus_fumigatus, fungus,@ (a mold causing aspergillosis in birds and man) }
{ Thielavia, genus_Thielavia, fungus_genus,@ family_Aspergillaceae,#m (genus of fungi having spherical brown perithecia and some conidia borne in chains; cause root rot) }
{ brown_root_rot_fungus, Thielavia_basicola, fungus,@ genus_Thielavia,#m (fungus causing brown root rot in plants of the pea and potato and cucumber families) }

{ Pyrenomycetes, class_Pyrenomycetes, noun.group:class2,@ subdivision_Ascomycota,#m (class of fungi in which the fruiting body is a perithecium; includes powdery mildews and ergot and Neurospora) }
{ [ Discomycetes, adj.pert:discomycetous,+ ] subclass_Discomycetes, noun.group:class2,@ Ascomycetes,#m (a large and taxonomically difficult group of Ascomycetes in which the fleshy fruiting body is disklike or cup-shaped) }
{ discomycete, cup_fungus, ascomycetous_fungus,@ Discomycetes,#m (any fungus that is a member of the subclass Discomycetes) }
{ Leotia_lubrica, discomycete,@ (a discomycete that develops in clusters of slippery rubbery gelatinous fruiting bodies that are dingy yellow to tan in color) }
{ Mitrula_elegans, discomycete,@ (a discomycete that is 3-8 cm high with an orange to yellow fertile portion and white or pinkish stalks often half in and half out of the water) }
{ Sarcoscypha_coccinea, scarlet_cup, discomycete,@ (a discomycete that is a harbinger of spring; the fruiting body is thin and tough and saucer-shaped (about the size of quarter to a half dollar) with a deep bright red upper surface and a whitish exterior) }
{ Caloscypha_fulgens, discomycete,@ (an early spring variety of discomycete with yellow to orange yellow lining of the cup) }
{ Aleuria_aurantia, orange_peel_fungus, discomycete,@ (a discomycete with bright orange cup-shaped or saucer-shaped fruiting bodies and pale orange exteriors) }
{ Pezizales, order_Pezizales, fungus_order,@ subclass_Discomycetes,#m (order of mostly saprophytic fungi having cup-shaped ascocarps) }
{ Pezizaceae, family_Pezizaceae, fungus_family,@ order_Pezizales,#m (large family comprising many typical cup fungi) }
{ elf_cup, apothecium,@ (apothecium of a fungus of the family Pezizaceae) }
{ Peziza, genus_Peziza, fungus_genus,@ family_Pezizaceae,#m (type genus of the Pezizaceae: a variety of cup fungus) }
{ Peziza_domicilina, discomycete,@ genus_Peziza,#m (a discomycetous fungus of the genus Peziza; the fragile fruiting body is a ghostly white but stains yellow when broken; favors strongly alkaline habitats) }
{ blood_cup, fairy_cup2, Peziza_coccinea, cup_fungus,@ genus_Peziza,#m (a scarlet European fungus with cup-shaped ascocarp) }
{ Plectania, genus_Plectania, fungus_genus,@ family_Pezizaceae,#m (genus of fungi in the family Pezizaceae closely related to and often included in genus Peziza) }
{ Urnula_craterium, urn_fungus, discomycete,@ (an urn-shaped discomycete with a nearly black interior) }
{ Galiella_rufa, discomycete,@ (the cup-shaped fruiting body of this discomycete has a jellylike interior and a short stalk) }
{ Jafnea_semitosta, discomycete,@ (the fruiting bodies of this discomycete have a firm texture and long retain their cup shape; the pale brown interior blends with the color of dead leaves) }

{ Morchellaceae, family_Morchellaceae, fungus_family,@ class_Ascomycetes,#m (a family of edible fungi including the true morels) }
{ Morchella, genus_Morchella, fungus_genus,@ family_Helvellaceae,#m (genus of edible fungi: morel) }
{ morel, mushroom2,@ genus_Morchella,#m (any of various edible mushrooms of the genus Morchella having a brownish spongelike cap) }
{ common_morel, Morchella_esculenta, sponge_mushroom, sponge_morel, morel,@ genus_Morchella,#m (an edible and choice morel with a globular to elongate head with an irregular pattern of pits and ridges) }
{ Disciotis_venosa, cup_morel, morel,@ Morchellaceae,#m (an edible morel with a cup-shaped or saucer-shaped fruiting body can be up to 20 cm wide; the fertile surface inside the cup has wrinkles radiating from the center; can be easily confused with inedible mushrooms) }
{ Verpa, bell_morel, morel,@ Morchellaceae,#m (a morel whose fertile portion resembles a bell and is attached to the stipe only at the top) }
{ Verpa_bohemica, early_morel, Verpa,@ (resembles a thimble on a finger; the surface of the fertile portion is folded into wrinkles that extend from the top down; fruiting begins in spring before the leaves are out on the trees) }
{ Verpa_conica, conic_Verpa, Verpa,@ Morchellaceae,#m (a morel with a fertile portion that has a relatively smooth surface; the stalk is fragile) }
{ black_morel, Morchella_conica, conic_morel, Morchella_angusticeps, narrowhead_morel, morel,@ Morchellaceae,#m (a morel whose pitted fertile body is attached to the stalk with little free skirt around it; the fertile body is grey when young and black in old age) }
{ Morchella_crassipes, thick-footed_morel, morel,@ Morchellaceae,#m (a delicious morel with a conic fertile portion having deep and irregular pits) }
{ Morchella_semilibera, half-free_morel, cow's_head, morel,@ Morchellaceae,#m (a morel with the ridged and pitted fertile portion attached to the stipe for about half its length) }

{ Sarcoscyphaceae, family_Sarcoscyphaceae, fungus_family,@ order_Pezizales,#m (family of fungi belonging to the order Pezizales) }
{ Wynnea, genus_Wynnea, fungus_genus,@ (a genus of fungi belonging to the family Sarcoscyphaceae) }
{ Wynnea_americana, fungus,@ (a fungus composed of several apothecia that look like elongated rabbit ears; the sterile surface is dark brown and warty; the fertile surface is smooth and pinkish orange) }
{ Wynnea_sparassoides, fungus,@ (a fungus with a long solid stalk embedded in soil and a yellow-brown head shaped like a cauliflower) }

{ Helvellaceae, family_Helvellaceae, fungus_family,@ order_Pezizales,#m (family of false morels or lorchels; some are edible and some are poisonous) }
{ false_morel, fungus,@ Helvellaceae,#m (a fungus of the family Helvellaceae) }
{ lorchel, fungus,@ Helvellaceae,#m (a large fungus of the family Helvellaceae) }
{ genus_Helvella, fungus_genus,@ family_Helvellaceae,#m (type genus of the Helvellaceae) }
{ helvella, false_morel,@ genus_Helvella,#m (any fungus of the genus Helvella having the ascocarps stalked or pleated or often in folds) }
{ Helvella_crispa, miter_mushroom, helvella,@ genus_Helvella,#m (a helvella with a saddle-shaped fertile part and creamy color; the stalk is fluted and pitted) }
{ Helvella_acetabulum, helvella,@ genus_Helvella,#m (a helvella with a cup-shaped fertile body having a brown interior; the stalk is creamy white and heavily ribbed) }
{ Helvella_sulcata, helvella,@ genus_Helvella,#m (a helvella with an irregularly convoluted cap that is dark brown when young and becomes dull grey with age; the lower surface of the cap is smooth and pale grey; the stalk is thick and deeply fluted) }
{ genus_Discina, fungus_genus,@ family_Helvellaceae,#m (a genus of fungi of the family Helvellaceae with a cup-shaped or saucer-shaped fruiting body and ornamented spores) }
{ discina, false_morel,@ (any fungus of the genus Discina) }
{ Discina_macrospora, discina,@ genus_Discina,#m (a discina with a flat or saucer-shaped fertile body that is brown on the upper surface; has a short stalk; not recommended for eating) }
{ genus_Gyromitra, fungus_genus,@ family_Helvellaceae,#m (a genus of fungi of the family Helvellaceae with a fertile portion that is tan to brown) }
{ gyromitra, fungus,@ (any fungus of the genus Gyromitra) }
{ Gyromitra_californica, California_false_morel, gyromitra,@ genus_Gyromitra,#m (a gyromitra with a brown puffed up fertile part and a thick fluted stalk; found under conifers in California) }
{ Gyromitra_sphaerospora, round-spored_gyromitra, gyromitra,@ genus_Gyromitra,#m (a gyromitra with a brown puffed up fertile part and a rosy pink fluted stalk and smooth round spores; found on hardwood slash east of the Great Plains) }
{ Gyromitra_esculenta, brain_mushroom, beefsteak_morel, gyromitra,@ genus_Gyromitra,#m (a poisonous gyromitra; the surface of the fertile body is smooth at first and becomes progressively undulating and wrinkled (but never truly pitted); color varies from dull yellow to brown) }
{ Gyromitra_infula, saddled-shaped_false_morel, gyromitra,@ genus_Gyromitra,#m (a poisonous fungus; saddle-shaped and dull yellow to brown fertile part is relatively even) }
{ Gyromitra_fastigiata, Gyromitra_brunnea, lorchel,@ genus_Gyromitra,#m (a lorchel with deep brownish red fertile part and white stalk) }
{ Gyromitra_gigas, gyromitra,@ genus_Gyromitra,#m (a gyromitra with a large irregular stalk and fertile part that is yellow to brown and wrinkled; has early fruiting time) }

{ Gasteromycetes, class_Gasteromycetes, Gastromycetes, class_Gastromycetes, noun.group:class2,@ subdivision_Basidiomycota,#m (fungi in which the hymenium is enclosed until after spores have matured: puffballs; earth stars; stinkhorn fungi) }
{ gasteromycete, gastromycete, fungus,@ class_Gasteromycetes,#m (any fungus of the class Gasteromycetes) }

{ Phallales, order_Phallales, fungus_genus,@ class_Gasteromycetes,#m (order of fungi comprising the stinkhorns and related forms whose mature hymenium is slimy and fetid; sometimes placed in subclass Homobasidiomycetes) }

{ Phallaceae, family_Phallaceae, fungus_family,@ order_Phallales,#m (a family of fungi belonging to the order Phallales and comprising the true stinkhorns) }
{ Phallus, genus_Phallus, fungus_genus,@ family_Phallaceae,#m (genus of fungi having the cap or pileus hanging free around the stem) }
{ stinkhorn, carrion_fungus, fungus,@ order_Phallales,#m (any of various ill-smelling brown-capped fungi of the order Phallales; "the foul smell of the stinkhorn attracts insects that carry the spores away on their feet") }
{ common_stinkhorn, Phallus_impudicus, stinkhorn,@ genus_Phallus,#m (a common fungus formerly used in preparing a salve for rheumatism) }
{ Phallus_ravenelii, stinkhorn,@ genus_Phallus,#m (this stinkhorn has a cap with a granulose surface at the apex and smells like decaying flesh) }
{ Dictyophera, genus_Dictyophera, fungus_genus,@ family_Phallaceae,#m (closely related to genus Phallus distinguished by an indusium hanging like a skirt from below the pileus) }
{ Mutinus, genus_Mutinus, fungus_genus,@ family_Phallaceae,#m (a genus of fungi belonging to the family Phallaceae) }
{ dog_stinkhorn, Mutinus_caninus, stinkhorn,@ order_Phallales,#m (a stinkhorn having a stalk without a cap; the slimy gleba is simply plastered on its surface near the apex where winged insects can find it) }

{ Tulostomatales, order_Tulostomatales, fungus_order,@ class_Gasteromycetes,#m (an order of fungi belonging to the class Gasteromycetes) }
{ Calostomataceae, family_Calostomataceae, fungus_family,@ order_Tulostomatales,#m (a family of fungi belonging to the order Tulostomatales) }
{ Calostoma_lutescens, gasteromycete,@ family_Calostomataceae,#m (a gasteromycete with a leathery stalk and a fruiting body that is globose and has a pale yellow spore case) }
{ Calostoma_cinnabarina, gasteromycete,@ family_Calostomataceae,#m (a gasteromycete with a leathery stalk and a fruiting body this globose and has a red spore case) }
{ Calostoma_ravenelii, gasteromycete,@ family_Calostomataceae,#m (a gasteromycete with a leathery stalk and a fruiting body with a thin gelatinous spore case and elliptical spores) }

{ Clathraceae, family_Clathraceae, fungus_family,@ order_Phallales,#m (family of fleshy fungi resembling stinkhorns) }
{ Clathrus, genus_Clathrus, fungus_genus,@ family_Clathraceae,#m (type genus of the Clathraceae) }
{ Pseudocolus, genus_Pseudocolus, fungus_genus,@ family_Clathraceae,#m (a genus of fungi belonging to the family Clathraceae) }
{ stinky_squid, Pseudocolus_fusiformis, stinkhorn,@ genus_Pseudocolus,#m (a stinkhorn of genus Pseudocolus; the fruiting body first resembles a small puffball that soon splits open to form a stalk with tapering arms that arch and taper to a common point) }

{ Lycoperdales, order_Lycoperdales, fungus_order,@ class_Gasteromycetes,#m (small order of basidiomycetous fungi having fleshy often globose fruiting bodies; includes puffballs and earthstars) }
{ Lycoperdaceae, family_Lycoperdaceae, fungus_family,@ order_Lycoperdales,#m (a fungus family belonging to the order Lycoperdales; includes puffballs) }
{ Lycoperdon, genus_Lycoperdon, fungus_genus,@ family_Lycoperdaceae,#m (genus of fungi whose fruiting body tapers toward a base consisting of spongy mycelium) }
{ puffball, true_puffball, fungus,@ family_Lycoperdaceae,#m (any of various fungi of the family Lycoperdaceae whose round fruiting body discharges a cloud of spores when mature) }
{ Calvatia, genus_Calvatia, fungus_genus,@ family_Lycoperdaceae,#m (genus of puffballs having outer casings whose upper parts break at maturity into angular pieces to expose the spores) }
{ giant_puffball, Calvatia_gigantea, puffball,@ genus_Calvatia,#m (huge edible puffball up to 2 feet diameter and 25 pounds in weight) }

{ Geastraceae, family_Geastraceae, fungus_family,@ order_Lycoperdales,#m (a family of earthstar fungi belonging to the order Lycoperdales) }
{ earthstar, fungus,@ family_Geastraceae,#m (any fungus of the family Geastraceae; in form suggesting a puffball whose outer peridium splits into the shape of a star) }
{ Geastrum, genus_Geastrum, fungus_genus,@ family_Geastraceae,#m (type genus of Geastraceae; fungi whose outer peridium when dry splits into starlike segments) }
{ Geastrum_coronatum, earthstar,@ (an earthstar with a bluish spore sac and a purplish brown gleba; at maturity the outer layer splits into rays that bend backward and elevate the spore sac) }
{ Radiigera, genus_Radiigera, fungus_genus,@ family_Geastraceae,#m (a genus of fungus belonging to the family Geastraceae) }
{ Radiigera_fuscogleba, fungus,@ genus_Radiigera,#m (a fungus similar to an earthstar except that it does not open up; the spore mass is brown at maturity with a column of sterile tissue extending up into it) }
{ Astreus, genus_Astreus, fungus_genus,@ family_Geastraceae,#m (a genus of fungi belonging to the family Geastraceae) }
{ Astreus_pteridis, earthstar,@ (the largest earthstar; the fruiting body can measure 15 cm across when the rays are expanded) }
{ Astreus_hygrometricus, earthstar,@ (a common species of earthstar widely distributed in sandy soil; the gleba is a pale tan) }

{ Nidulariales, order_Nidulariales, fungus_order,@ class_Gasteromycetes,#m (small order of basidiomycetous fungi comprising families Nidulariaceae and Sphaerobolaceae) }
{ Nidulariaceae, family_Nidulariaceae, fungus_family,@ order_Nidulariales,#m (bird's-nest fungi) }
{ bird's-nest_fungus, fungus,@ family_Nidulariaceae,#m (any of various fungi of the family Nidulariaceae having a cup-shaped body containing several egg-shaped structure enclosing the spores) }
{ Nidularia, genus_Nidularia, fungus_genus,@ family_Nidulariaceae,#m (type genus of the Nidulariaceae) }
{ Sphaerobolaceae, family_Sphaerobolaceae, fungus_family,@ order_Nidulariales,#m (monotypic family of fungi in which the more or less spherical gleba is forcibly ejected at maturity) }

{ Secotiales, order_Secotiales, fungus_order,@ class_Gasteromycetes,#m (an order of fungi belonging to the class Gasteromycetes) }
{ Secotiaceae, family_Secotiaceae, fungus_family,@ order_Secotiales,#m (a family of fungi that have a stalk and cap and a wrinkled mass of tissue (the gleba) where spores are produced; are often dismissed as misshapen forms of other fungi) }
{ Gastrocybe, genus_Gastrocybe, fungus_genus,@ family_Secotiaceae,#m (a genus of fungi of the family Secotiaceae) }
{ Gastrocybe_lateritia, fungus,@ genus_Gastrocybe,#m (a species of Gastrocybe fungus that has a conic cap and a thin stalk; at first the stalk is upright but as it matures the stalk bends over and then downward; the cap then gelatinizes and a slimy mass containing the spores falls to the ground as the stalk collapses) }
{ Macowanites, genus_Macowanites, fungus_genus,@ family_Secotiaceae,#m (a stout-stemmed genus of fungus belonging to the family Secotiaceae having fruiting bodies that never expand completely) }
{ Macowanites_americanus, fungus,@ genus_Macowanites,#m (a small fungus with a fragile cap that cracks to expose the white context and a white stalk that is practically enclosed by the cap) }
{ Gastroboletus, genus_Gastroboletus, fungus_genus,@ family_Secotiaceae,#m (a genus of fungi belonging to the family Secotiaceae; they resemble boletes but the spores are not discharged from the basidium) }
{ Gastroboletus_scabrosus, fungus,@ genus_Gastroboletus,#m (a dingy yellow brown fungus with a rough stalk that superficially resembles a bolete) }
{ Gastroboletus_turbinatus, fungus,@ genus_Gastroboletus,#m (a fungus with a cap that can vary from red to dark brown; superficially resembles a bolete) }

{ Aphyllophorales, order_Aphyllophorales, fungus_order,@ subdivision_Basidiomycota,#m (includes chiefly saprophytic fungi typically with shelflike bodies; sometimes placed in class Hymenomycetes or included in Agaricales) }
{ Polyporaceae, family_Polyporaceae, fungus_family,@ order_Aphyllophorales,#m (fungi that become corky or woody with age, often forming shelflike growths on trees) }
{ polypore, pore_fungus, pore_mushroom, basidiomycete,@ (woody pore fungi; any fungus of the family Polyporaceae or family Boletaceae having the spore-bearing surface within tubes or pores; the fruiting bodies are usually woody at maturity and persistent) }
{ bracket_fungus, shelf_fungus, polypore,@ (a woody fungus that forms shelflike sporophores on tree trunks and wood structures) }
{ Albatrellus, genus_Albatrellus, fungus_genus,@ family_Polyporaceae,#m (a genus of fungi belonging to the family Polyporaceae) }
{ Albatrellus_dispansus, polypore,@ family_Polyporaceae,#m (a rare fungus having a large (up to 14 inches wide) yellow fruiting body with multiple individual caps and a broad central stalk and a fragrant odor) }
{ Albatrellus_ovinus, sheep_polypore, polypore,@ family_Polyporaceae,#m (a fungus with a whitish often circular cap and a white pore surface and small pores and a white central stalk; found under conifers; edible but not popular) }
{ Neolentinus, genus_Neolentinus, fungus_genus,@ family_Polyporaceae,#m (a genus of fungi belonging to the family Polyporaceae) }
{ Neolentinus_ponderosus, polypore,@ family_Polyporaceae,#m (a gilled polypore with a large cap (up to 15 inches in diameter) and a broad stalk; edible when young and tender) }
{ Nigroporus, genus_Nigroporus, fungus_genus,@ family_Polyporaceae,#m (a genus of fungi belonging to the family Polyporaceae) }
{ Nigroporus_vinosus, polypore,@ family_Polyporaceae,#m (a woody pore fungus with a dark brown to red brown cap and spore surface and small pores) }
{ Oligoporus, genus_Oligoporus, fungus_genus,@ family_Polyporaceae,#m (a genus of fungi belonging to the family Polyporaceae) }
{ Oligoporus_leucospongia, polypore,@ family_Polyporaceae,#m (a pore fungus with a whitish cottony soft cap found on conifer logs in forests at high elevation in the western United States and adjacent Canada) }
{ Polyporus_tenuiculus, polypore,@ genus_Polyporus,#m (a fungus with a whitish kidney-shaped cap and elongated pores; causes white rot in dead hardwoods) }
{ Polyporus, genus_Polyporus, fungus_genus,@ family_Polyporaceae,#m (type genus of the Polyporaceae; includes important pathogens of e.g. birches and conifers) }
{ hen-of-the-woods, hen_of_the_woods, Polyporus_frondosus, Grifola_frondosa, fungus,@ genus_Polyporus,#m (large greyish-brown edible fungus forming a mass of overlapping caps that somewhat resembles a hen at the base of trees) }
{ Polyporus_squamosus, scaly_polypore, polypore,@ genus_Polyporus,#m (a fungus with a lateral stalk (when there is a stalk) and a scaly cap that becomes nearly black in maturity; widely distributed in the northern hemisphere) }

{ Fistulinaceae, family_Fistulinaceae, fungus_family,@ order_Aphyllophorales,#m (a family of fungi closely related to the family Polyporaceae except that the tubes on the undersurface of the cap are separate from each other) }
{ Fistulina, genus_Fistulina, fungus_genus,@ family_Fistulinaceae,#m (fungi having each pore separate though crowded) }
{ beefsteak_fungus, Fistulina_hepatica, polypore,@ genus_Fistulina,#m (a popular edible fungus with a cap the color of liver or raw meat; abundant in southeastern United States) }
{ Fomes, genus_Fomes, fungus_genus,@ family_Polyporaceae,#m (genus of bracket fungi forming corky or woody perennial shelflike sporophores often of large size; includes some that cause destructive heartrot in trees) }
{ agaric2, Fomes_igniarius, fungus,@ genus_Fomes,#m (fungus used in the preparation of punk for fuses) }

{ Boletaceae, family_Boletaceae, fungus_family,@ order_Agaricales,#m (family of fleshy fungi having the germ pores easily separating from the cup and often from each other) }
{ bolete, fungus,@ family_Boletaceae,#m (any fungus of the family Boletaceae) }
{ Boletus, genus_Boletus, fungus_genus,@ family_Boletaceae,#m (type genus of Boletaceae; genus of soft early-decaying pore fungi; some poisonous and some edible) }
{ Boletus_chrysenteron, bolete,@ genus_Boletus,#m (a fungus convex cap and a dingy yellow under surface and a dry stalk) }
{ Boletus_edulis, bolete,@ genus_Boletus,#m (an edible and choice fungus; has a convex cap that is slightly viscid when fresh and moist but soon dries and a thick bulbous tan stalk) }
{ Frost's_bolete, Boletus_frostii, bolete,@ genus_Boletus,#m (a fungus with a red cap and a red coarsely reticulate stalk) }
{ Boletus_luridus, bolete,@ genus_Boletus,#m (a poisonous fungus with a dingy yellow cap and orange red undersurface and a cylindrical reticulate stalk) }
{ Boletus_mirabilis, bolete,@ genus_Boletus,#m (a fungus that is edible when young and fresh; has a dark brown convex cap with a yellow to greenish under surface and reddish stalk) }
{ Boletus_pallidus, bolete,@ genus_Boletus,#m (a fungus that has an off-white cap when it is young but later becomes dingy brown and a stalk of the same color; the under surface of the cap (the tubes) a pale greenish yellow) }
{ Boletus_pulcherrimus, bolete,@ genus_Boletus,#m (a beautiful but poisonous bolete; has a brown cap with a scarlet pore surface and a thick reticulate stalk) }
{ Boletus_pulverulentus, bolete,@ genus_Boletus,#m (an edible fungus with a broadly convex blackish brown cap and a pore surface that is yellow when young and darkens with age; stalk is thick and enlarges toward the base) }
{ Boletus_roxanae, bolete,@ genus_Boletus,#m (a fungus with a rusty red cap and a white pore surface that becomes yellow with age and a pale yellow stalk) }
{ Boletus_subvelutipes, bolete,@ genus_Boletus,#m (a fungus with a velvety stalk and usually a dingy brown cap; injured areas turn blue instantly) }
{ Boletus_variipes, bolete,@ genus_Boletus,#m (an edible (but not choice) fungus found on soil under hardwoods; has a dry convex cap with whitish under surface and a reticulate stalk) }
{ Boletus_zelleri, bolete,@ genus_Boletus,#m (an edible and choice fungus that has a brown cap with greenish yellow under surface and a stalk that become dull red with age) }
{ Fuscoboletinus, genus_Fuscoboletinus, fungus_genus,@ family_Boletaceae,#m (a genus of fungi belonging to the family Boletaceae) }
{ Fuscoboletinus_paluster, bolete,@ genus_Fuscoboletinus,#m (an edible fungus with a pinkish purple cap and stalk and a pore surface that is yellow with large angular pores that become like gills in maturity) }
{ Fuscoboletinus_serotinus, bolete,@ genus_Fuscoboletinus,#m (an edible fungus with a broadly convex brown cap and a whitish pore surface and stalk) }
{ Leccinum, genus_Leccinum, fungus_genus,@ family_Boletaceae,#m (a genus of fungi belonging to the family Boletaceae) }
{ Leccinum_fibrillosum, bolete,@ genus_Leccinum,#m (an edible fungus with a dark reddish brown cap and a wide light tan stalk that expands toward the base) }
{ Phylloporus, genus_Phylloporus, fungus_genus,@ family_Boletaceae,#m (a genus of fungi belonging to the family Boletaceae) }
{ Phylloporus_boletinoides, bolete,@ genus_Phylloporus,#m (a fungus with a broadly convex brown cap and pores that extend part way down the stalk) }
{ Suillus, genus_Suillus, fungus_genus,@ family_Boletaceae,#m (a genus of fungi belonging to the family Boletaceae) }
{ Suillus_albivelatus, bolete,@ genus_Suillus,#m (a short squat edible fungus with a reddish brown cap and white stalk; fruits under pines in the spring) }
{ Strobilomyces, genus_Strobilomyces, fungus_genus,@ family_Boletaceae,#m (fungi similar to Boletus but with a shaggy scaly cap) }
{ old-man-of-the-woods, Strobilomyces_floccopus, bolete,@ genus_Strobilomyces,#m (edible mild-tasting mushroom found in coniferous woodlands of eastern North America) }
{ Boletellus, genus_Boletellus, fungus_genus,@ family_Boletaceae,#m (a genus of fungi belonging to the family Boletaceae) }
{ Boletellus_russellii, bolete,@ genus_Boletellus,#m (a fungus with a long coarsely shaggy reticulate stalk and a rimose areolate cap surface) }

{ jelly_fungus, fungus,@ (any fungus of the order Tremellales or Auriculariales whose fruiting body is jellylike in consistency when fresh) }
{ Tremellales, order_Tremellales, fungus_order,@ Basidiomycetes,#m (fungi varying from gelatinous to waxy or even horny in texture; most are saprophytic) }
{ Tremellaceae, family_Tremellaceae, fungus_family,@ order_Tremellales,#m (a family of basidiomycetous fungi of the order Tremellales that have the basidium divided longitudinally) }
{ Tremella, genus_Tremella, fungus_genus,@ family_Tremellaceae,#m (fungi with yellowish gelatinous sporophores having convolutions resembling those of the brain) }
{ snow_mushroom, Tremella_fuciformis, jelly_fungus,@ genus_Tremella,#m (popular in China and Japan and Taiwan; gelatinous mushrooms; most are dried) }
{ witches'_butter, Tremella_lutescens, jelly_fungus,@ genus_Tremella,#m (a yellow jelly fungus) }
{ Tremella_foliacea, jelly_fungus,@ genus_Tremella,#m (a jelly fungus with a fruiting body 5-15 cm broad and gelatinous in consistency; resembles a bunch of leaf lettuce; mostly water and brownish in color) }
{ Tremella_reticulata, jelly_fungus,@ genus_Tremella,#m noun.plant:Fungi,;c (a jelly fungus with an erect whitish fruiting body and a highly variable shape (sometimes resembling coral fungi)) }

{ Auriculariales, order_Auriculariales, fungus_order,@ Basidiomycetes,#m (coextensive with the family Auriculariaceae; sometimes included in the order Tremellales) }
{ Auriculariaceae, family_Auriculariaceae, fungus_family,@ order_Tremellales,#m (fungi having gelatinous sporophores) }
{ Auricularia, genus_Auricularia, fungus_genus,@ family_Auriculariaceae,#m (type genus of the Auriculariaceae) }
{ Jew's-ear, Jew's-ears, ear_fungus, Auricularia_auricula, jelly_fungus,@ genus_Auricularia,#m (widely distributed edible fungus shaped like a human ear and growing on decaying wood) }
{ Dacrymycetaceae, family_Dacrymycetaceae, fungus_family,@ order_Tremellales,#m (a family of basidiomycetous fungi belonging to the order Tremellales having a bifurcate basidium that lacks septa) }
{ Dacrymyces, genus_Dacrymyces, fungus_genus,@ family_Dacrymycetaceae,#m (type genus of the Dacrymycetaceae: fungi with a bifurcate basidium that lacks septa) }

{ Uredinales, order_Uredinales, fungus_order,@ Basidiomycetes,#m (rust fungi: parasitic fungi causing rust in plants; sometimes placed in) }
{ rust, rust_fungus, fungus,@ order_Uredinales,#m (any of various fungi causing rust disease in plants) }
{ [ aecium, adj.pert:aecial,+ ] fruiting_body,@ rust_fungus,#p (fruiting body of some rust fungi bearing chains of aeciospores) }
{ aeciospore, spore,@ rust_fungus,#p (spore of a rust fungus formed in an aecium) }

{ Melampsoraceae, family_Melampsoraceae, fungus_family,@ order_Uredinales,#m (rust fungi) }
{ Melampsora, genus_Melampsora, fungus_genus,@ family_Melampsoraceae,#m (rusts having sessile one-celled teliospores in a single layer) }
{ flax_rust, flax_rust_fungus, Melampsora_lini, rust_fungus,@ genus_Melampsora,#m (fungus causing flax rust) }
{ Cronartium, genus_Cronartium, fungus_genus,@ family_Melampsoraceae,#m (rust fungi having aecia produced in raised or swollen sori and teliospores borne in waxy columns) }
{ blister_rust, Cronartium_ribicola, rust_fungus,@ genus_Cronartium,#m (fungus causing white pine blister rust and having a complex life cycle requiring a plant of genus Ribes as alternate host) }

{ Pucciniaceae, family_Pucciniaceae, fungus_family,@ order_Uredinales,#m (large important family of rust fungi) }
{ Puccinia, genus_Puccinia, fungus_genus,@ family_Pucciniaceae,#m (type genus of the Pucciniaceae; a large genus of parasitic fungi including many that are destructive to various economic plants) }
{ wheat_rust, Puccinia_graminis, rust_fungus,@ genus_Puccinia,#m (rust fungus that attacks wheat) }
(==)
{ Gymnosporangium, genus_Gymnosporangium, fungus_genus,@ family_Pucciniaceae,#m (genus of fungi that produce galls on cedars and other conifers of genera Juniperus and Libocedrus and causes rust spots on apples and pears and other plants of family Rosaceae) }
{ apple_rust, cedar-apple_rust, Gymnosporangium_juniperi-virginianae, rust_fungus,@ genus_Gymnosporangium,#m (rust fungus causing rust spots on apples and pears etc) }

(==start fungi)
{ Tiliomycetes, class_Tiliomycetes, noun.group:class2,@ subdivision_Basidiomycota,#m (category used in some systems to comprise the two orders Ustilaginales (smuts) and Uredinales (rusts)) }
{ Ustilaginales, order_Ustilaginales, fungus_order,@ subdivision_Basidiomycota,#m (parasitic fungi causing smuts; sometimes placed in class Tiliomycetes) }
{ [ smut, verb.body:smut,+ verb.change:smut1,+ ] smut_fungus, fungus,@ order_Ustilaginales,#m (any fungus of the order Ustilaginales) }
{ covered_smut, smut_fungus,@ (a smut fungus causing a smut disease of grains in which the spore masses are covered or held together by the grain membranes) }
{ Ustilaginaceae, family_Ustilaginaceae, fungus_family,@ order_Ustilaginales,#m (a fungus family of loose smuts) }
{ Ustilago, genus_Ustilago, fungus_genus,@ (type genus of the Ustilaginaceae; genus comprising the loose smuts) }
{ loose_smut, smut_fungus,@ genus_Ustilago,#m (a smut fungus of the genus Ustilago causing a smut disease of grains in which the entire head is transformed into a dusty mass of spores) }
{ cornsmut, corn_smut, smut_fungus,@ family_Ustilaginaceae,#m (a smut fungus attacking Indian corn) }
{ boil_smut, Ustilago_maydis, corn_smut,@ genus_Ustilago,#m (a common smut attacking Indian corn causing greyish white swellings that rupture to expose a black spore mass) }

{ Sphacelotheca, genus_Sphacelotheca, smut_fungus,@ family_Ustilaginaceae,#m (genus of smut fungus) }
{ head_smut, Sphacelotheca_reiliana, smut_fungus,@ genus_Sphacelotheca,#m (smut fungus attacking heads of corn or sorghum and causing a covered smut) }

{ Tilletiaceae, family_Tilletiaceae, fungus_family,@ order_Ustilaginales,#m (a family of smut fungi having a simple promycelium bearing the spores in an apical cluster) }
{ Tilletia, genus_Tilletia, fungus_genus,@ family_Tilletiaceae,#m (a genus of fungi belonging to the family Tilletiaceae) }
{ bunt1, Tilletia_caries, smut_fungus,@ genus_Tilletia,#m (fungus that destroys kernels of wheat by replacing them with greasy masses of smelly spores) }
{ bunt2, stinking_smut, Tilletia_foetida, smut_fungus,@ genus_Tilletia,#m (similar to Tilletia caries) }

{ Urocystis, genus_Urocystis, fungus_genus,@ family_Tilletiaceae,#m (a genus of smut fungi belonging to the family Tilletiaceae) }
{ onion_smut, Urocystis_cepulae, smut_fungus,@ (smut fungus causing blackish blisters on scales and leaves of onions; especially destructive to seedlings) }
{ flag_smut_fungus, smut_fungus,@ genus_Urocystis,#m (a smut fungus causing a smut in cereals and other grasses that chiefly affects leaves and stems and is characterized chains of sori within the plant tissue that later rupture releasing black masses of spores) }
{ wheat_flag_smut, Urocystis_tritici, flag_smut_fungus,@ (fungus affecting leaves and stems of wheat) }

(===)
{ Septobasidiaceae, family_Septobasidiaceae, fungus_family,@ subdivision_Basidiomycota,#m (a family of fungi belonging to the subdivision Basidiomycota) }
{ Septobasidium, genus_Septobasidium, fungus_genus,@ family_Septobasidiaceae,#m (type genus of Septobasidiaceae: smooth shelf fungi usually having a well-developed sometimes thick-walled hypobasidium) }
{ felt_fungus, Septobasidium_pseudopedicellatum, fungus,@ genus_Septobasidium,#m (fungus that frequently encircles twigs and branches of various trees especially citrus trees in southern United States) }

{ Hygrophoraceae, family_Hygrophoraceae, fungus_family,@ order_Agaricales,#m (a family of fungi belonging to the order Agaricales; the gills of these fungi have a clean waxy appearance) }
{ waxycap, agaric,@ family_Hygrophoraceae,#m (any fungus of the family Hygrophoraceae having gills that are more or less waxy in appearance) }
{ Hygrocybe, genus_Hygrocybe, fungus_genus,@ family_Hygrophoraceae,#m (a genus of fungi belonging to the family Hygrophoraceae) }
{ Hygrocybe_acutoconica, conic_waxycap, waxycap,@ genus_Hygrocybe,#m (a fungus having an acutely conic cap and dry stalks) }
{ Hygrophorus, genus_Hygrophorus, fungus_genus,@ family_Hygrophoraceae,#m (a genus of fungi belonging to the family Hygrophoraceae) }
{ Hygrophorus_borealis, waxycap,@ genus_Hygrophorus,#m (a fungus with a white convex cap and arcuate white gills and a stalk that tapers toward the base) }
{ Hygrophorus_caeruleus, waxycap,@ genus_Hygrophorus,#m (a fungus with a broadly convex cap that is cream color with a tint of blue over the margin; waxy gills are bluish green to blue-grey; a short stalk tapers abruptly at the base) }
{ Hygrophorus_inocybiformis, waxycap,@ genus_Hygrophorus,#m (a fungus with a drab squamulose cap and grey-brown squamules over the white background of the stalk and waxy grey-white gills) }
{ Hygrophorus_kauffmanii, waxycap,@ genus_Hygrophorus,#m (a fungus with a slightly viscid cap; cap and gills are reddish brown and the stalk is grey) }
{ Hygrophorus_marzuolus, waxycap,@ genus_Hygrophorus,#m (a grey fungus frequently found near melting snow banks) }
{ Hygrophorus_purpurascens, waxycap,@ genus_Hygrophorus,#m (a fungus with a viscid purplish red cap and stalk; found under spruce and other conifers) }
{ Hygrophorus_russula, waxycap,@ genus_Hygrophorus,#m (an edible fungus with a reddish cap and close pale gills and dry stalk; found under hardwoods) }
{ Hygrophorus_sordidus, waxycap,@ genus_Hygrophorus,#m (an edible fungus with a large white cap and a dry stalk and white gills) }
{ Hygrophorus_tennesseensis, waxycap,@ genus_Hygrophorus,#m (a fungus having a brownish sticky cap with a white margin and white gills and an odor of raw potatoes) }
{ Hygrophorus_turundus, waxycap,@ genus_Hygrophorus,#m (a small fungus with orange cap and yellow gills found in sphagnum bogs) }
{ Hygrotrama, genus_Hygrotrama, fungus_genus,@ family_Hygrophoraceae,#m (a genus of fungi belonging to the family Hygrophoraceae) }
{ Hygrotrama_foetens, waxycap,@ genus_Hygrotrama,#m (a small grey-brown fungus with an unpleasant odor of mothballs) }
{ Neohygrophorus, genus_Neohygrophorus, fungus_genus,@ family_Hygrophoraceae,#m (a genus of fungi belonging to the family Hygrophoraceae) }
{ Neohygrophorus_angelesianus, waxycap,@ Neohygrophorus,#m (a fungus with a small brown convex cap with a depressed disc; waxy wine-colored gills and a brown stalk; fruits in or near melting snow banks in the western mountains of North America) }

{ cortina, partial_veil,@ (a cobwebby partial veil consisting of silky fibrils) }
{ Cortinariaceae, family_Cortinariaceae, fungus_family,@ order_Agaricales,#m (a family of fungi belonging to the order Agaricales) }
{ Cortinarius, genus_Cortinarius, fungus_genus,@ family_Cortinariaceae,#m (the largest genus in the Agaricales; agarics having rusty spores and prominent cortinae (cobwebby partial veils)) }
{ Cortinarius_armillatus, agaric,@ (a fungus with large tawny caps and pale cinnamon gills and a red band of veil around the stalk; usually found near birch trees) }
{ Cortinarius_atkinsonianus, agaric,@ genus_Cortinarius,#m (an edible fungus with a slimy viscid cap that is initially yellow but turns olive and then tawny; flesh is lavender) }
{ Cortinarius_corrugatus, agaric,@ genus_Cortinarius,#m (a fungus with a viscid wrinkled tawny cap; the stalk has a basal bulb that diminishes as the stalk elongates; the gills are dark violet at first but soon turn brown) }
{ Cortinarius_gentilis, agaric,@ genus_Cortinarius,#m (a poisonous fungus with a bright yellow brown cap and a long cinnamon colored stalk) }
{ Cortinarius_mutabilis, purple-staining_Cortinarius, agaric,@ genus_Cortinarius,#m (a fungus with a reddish purple cap having a smooth slimy surface; close violet gills; all parts stain dark purple when bruised) }
{ Cortinarius_semisanguineus, agaric,@ genus_Cortinarius,#m (a fungus with a dry brown cap and rusty red gills and a yellowish stalk) }
{ Cortinarius_subfoetidus, agaric,@ genus_Cortinarius,#m (a fungus with a sticky lavender cap and stalk that whitish above and covered with a silky lavender sheath) }
{ Cortinarius_violaceus, agaric,@ genus_Cortinarius,#m (a fungus that is violet overall with a squamulose cap) }
{ Gymnopilus, genus_Gymnopilus, fungus_genus,@ family_Cortinariaceae,#m (a genus of fungus characterized by the orange color of the spore deposit) }
{ Gymnopilus_spectabilis, agaric,@ genus_Gymnopilus,#m (a fungus with a brownish orange fruiting body and a ring near the top of the stalk; the taste is bitter and the flesh contains psilocybin and psilocin) }
{ Gymnopilus_validipes, agaric,@ genus_Gymnopilus,#m (a poisonous fungus with a dry cap and a cortina that does not leave much of a ring on the robust stalk) }
{ Gymnopilus_ventricosus, agaric,@ genus_Gymnopilus,#m (a giant fungus of the Pacific Northwest; has a very thick stalk and the cortina leaves a ring high up on the stalk) }

{ [ mold, adj.all:stale^moldy,+ verb.change:mold,+ ] [ mould, adj.all:stale^mouldy,+ ] fungus,@ (a fungus that produces a superficial growth on various kinds of damp or decaying organic matter) }
{ [ mildew, verb.change:mildew,+ ] fungus,@ (a fungus that produces a superficial (usually white) growth on organic matter) }

{ Moniliales, order_Moniliales, fungus_order,@ subdivision_Deuteromycota,#m (order of imperfect fungi lacking conidiophores of having conidiophores that are superficial and not enclosed in a pycnidium) }
{ genus_Verticillium, fungus_genus,@ order_Moniliales,#m (genus of imperfect fungi having conidia borne singly at the apex of whorled branchlets; cause wilt diseases) }
{ verticillium, fungus,@ genus_Verticillium,#m (a fungus of the genus Verticillium) }

{ Moniliaceae, family_Moniliaceae, fungus_family,@ order_Moniliales,#m (family of imperfect fungi having white or brightly colored hyphae and spores that are produced directly on the mycelium and not aggregated in fruiting bodies) }
{ Trichophyton, genus_Trichophyton, fungus_genus,@ Moniliaceae,#m (a genus of fungus of the family Moniliaceae; causes ringworm and favus) }
{ Microsporum, genus_Microsporum, fungus_genus,@ Moniliaceae,#m (a genus of fungus of the family Moniliaceae; causes ringworm) }
{ genus_Monilia, fungus_genus,@ family_Moniliaceae,#m (genus of parasitic yeastlike imperfect fungi having spherical or oval conidia in branched chains; some species usually placed in other genera especially genus Candida) }
{ monilia, fungus,@ genus_Monilia,#m (any of the yeastlike imperfect fungi of the genus Monilia) }
{ genus_Candida, fungus_genus,@ order_Moniliales,#m (a genus of yeastlike imperfect fungi; sometimes included in genus Monilia of the family Moniliaceae) }
{ candida, fungus,@ genus_Candida,#m (any of the yeastlike imperfect fungi of the genus Candida) }
{ Candida_albicans, Monilia_albicans, candida,@ genus_Candida,#m noun.state:candidiasis,#p (a parasitic fungus that can infect the mouth or the skin or the intestines or the vagina) }
{ Cercosporella, genus_Cercosporella, fungus_genus,@ family_Moniliaceae,#m (form genus of imperfect fungi lacking pigment in the spores and conidiophores) }
{ Penicillium, genus_Penicillium, fungus_genus,@ family_Moniliaceae,#m (genus of fungi commonly growing as green or blue molds on decaying food; used in making cheese and as a source of penicillin) }

{ Blastomyces, genus_Blastomyces, fungus_genus,@ order_Moniliales,#m (genus of pathogenic yeastlike fungi) }
{ blastomycete, fungus,@ (any of various yeastlike budding fungi of the genus Blastomyces; cause disease in humans and other animals) }

{ Dematiaceae, family_Dematiaceae, fungus_family,@ order_Moniliales,#m (family of imperfect mushrooms having dark-colored hyphae or conidia) }
{ Cercospora, genus_Cercospora, fungus_genus,@ family_Dematiaceae,#m (form genus of imperfect fungi that are leaf parasites with long slender spores) }
{ yellow_spot_fungus, Cercospora_kopkei, fungus,@ genus_Cercospora,#m noun.location:Australia,;r (fungus causing yellow spot (a sugarcane disease in Australia)) }
{ Ustilaginoidea, genus_Ustilaginoidea, fungus_genus,@ family_Dematiaceae,#m (genus of imperfect fungi causing plant diseases like smut) }
{ green_smut_fungus, Ustilaginoidea_virens, fungus,@ genus_Ustilaginoidea,#m (fungus causing green smut in rice) }

{ Tuberculariaceae, family_Tuberculariaceae, fungus_family,@ order_Moniliales,#m (large family of mainly saprophytic imperfect fungi) }
{ Tubercularia, genus_Tubercularia, fungus_genus,@ family_Tuberculariaceae,#m (type genus of the Tuberculariaceae; fungi with nodules of red or pink conidia; some cause diebacks of woody plants) }
{ genus_Fusarium, fungus_genus,@ family_Tuberculariaceae,#m (a form genus of mostly plant parasites some of which cause dry rot; in humans a species can cause inflammation of cornea leading to blindness) }
{ dry_rot, fungus,@ (a fungus causing dry rot) }

{ Mycelia_Sterilia, order_Mycelia_Sterilia, fungus_order,@ subdivision_Deuteromycota,#m (order of imperfect fungi having no known spore stage) }
{ genus_Rhizoctinia, form_genus_Rhizoctinia, fungus_genus,@ order_Mycelia_Sterilia,#m (form genus of imperfect fungi some species of which are now placed in genera Pellicularia and Corticium because their perfect stages have been found) }
{ rhizoctinia, fungus,@ genus_Rhizoctinia,#m (any fungus now or formerly belonging to the form genus Rhizoctinia) }
{ Ozonium, genus_Ozonium, fungus_genus,@ order_Mycelia_Sterilia,#m (form genus of imperfect fungi) }
{ Sclerotium, genus_Sclerotium, fungus_genus,@ order_Mycelia_Sterilia,#m (form genus of sterile imperfect fungi; many form sclerotia; some cause sclerotium disease in plants) }

{ houseplant, noun.Tops:plant,@ (any of a variety of plants grown indoors for decorative purposes) }
{ garden_plant, noun.Tops:plant,@ (any of a variety of plants usually grown especially in a flower or herb garden) }
{ bedder, bedding_plant, garden_plant,@ (an ornamental plant suitable for planting in a flowerbed) }
{ vascular_plant, tracheophyte, noun.Tops:plant,@ (green plant having a vascular system: ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms) }
{ [ succulent, adj.all:juicy^succulent,+ ] vascular_plant,@ (a plant adapted to arid conditions and characterized by fleshy water-storing tissues that act as water reservoirs) }
{ nonvascular_organism, noun.Tops:organism,@ (organisms without vascular tissue: e.g. algae, lichens, fungi, mosses) }
{ relict, noun.Tops:organism,@ (an organism or species surviving as a remnant of an otherwise extinct flora or fauna in an environment much changed from that in which it originated) }
{ cultivar, noun.group:variety,@ vascular_plant,@ (a variety of a plant developed from a natural species and maintained under cultivation) }
{ [ cultivated_plant, weed,!] vascular_plant,@ (plants that are grown for their produce) }
{ [ weed, adj.all:weedy,+ verb.change:weed,+ cultivated_plant,!] vascular_plant,@ (any plant that crowds out cultivated plants) }
{ wort, herbaceous_plant,@ (usually used in combination: `liverwort'; `milkwort'; `whorlywort') }
{ [ crop, verb.contact:crop,+ verb.creation:crop,+ verb.creation:crop1,+ ] [ harvest, verb.contact:harvest,+ ] noun.act:output,@ (the yield from plants in a single growing season) }
{ cash_crop, crop1,@ (a readily salable crop that is grown and gathered for the market (as vegetables or cotton or tobacco)) }
{ catch_crop, crop1,@ (a crop that grows quickly (e.g. lettuce) and can be planted between two regular crops grown in successive seasons or between two rows of crops in the same season) }
{ cover_crop, crop1,@ (crop planted to prevent soil erosion and provide green manure) }
{ field_crop, crop1,@ (a crop (other than fruits or vegetables) that is grown for agricultural purposes; "cotton, hay, and grain are field crops") }
{ [ fruitage, verb.creation:fruit1,+ verb.creation:fruit,+ ] crop,@ (the yield of fruit; "a tree highly recommended for its fruitage") }
{ plant_part, plant_structure, noun.Tops:natural_object,@ noun.Tops:plant,#p (any part of a plant or fungus) }
{ plant_organ, plant_part,@ (a functional and structural unit of a plant or fungus) }
{ plant_process, enation, noun.body:process,@ (a natural projection or outgrowth from a plant body or organ) }
{ [ apophysis, adj.pert:apophyseal1,+ ] plant_process,@ noun.cognition:botany,;c ((botany) a natural swelling or enlargement: at the base of the stalk or seta in certain mosses or on the cone scale of certain conifers) }
{ callus, plant_process,@ noun.cognition:botany,;c ((botany) an isolated thickening of tissue, especially a stiff protuberance on the lip of an orchid) }
{ blister, plant_process,@ noun.cognition:botany,;c ((botany) a swelling on a plant similar to that on the skin) }
{ [ nodule, adj.all:unshapely^nodular,+ adj.pert:nodular,+ ] tubercle, plant_process,@ (small rounded wartlike protuberance on a plant) }
{ spur, plant_process,@ (tubular extension at the base of the corolla in some flowers) }
{ fruiting_body, plant_organ,@ (an organ specialized for producing spores) }
{ aculeus, plant_process,@ (a stiff sharp-pointed plant process) }
{ [ acumen, verb.change:acuminate,+ ] plant_process,@ (a tapering point) }
{ [ spine, adj.all:pointed^spinous,+ ] [ thorn, adj.all:armed2^thorny,+ ] [ prickle, adj.all:armed2^prickly,+ ] [ pricker, verb.contact:prick,+ ] [ sticker, verb.contact:stick4,+ ] spikelet, aculeus,@ (a small sharp-pointed tip resembling a spike on a stem or leaf) }
{ glochidium, glochid, spine,@ (a barbed spine or bristle (often tufted on cacti)) }
{ brier6, twig,@ (a thorny stem or twig) }
{ hair, fuzz, tomentum, plant_process,@ (filamentous hairlike growth on a plant; "peach fuzz") }
{ stinging_hair, hair,@ (a multicellular hair in plants like the stinging nettle that expels an irritating fluid) }
{ [ coma, adj.all:hairy^comal,+ ] noun.group:tuft,@ noun.cognition:botany,;c ((botany) a usually terminal tuft of bracts (as in the pineapple) or tuft of hairs (especially on certain seeds)) }
{ beard, hair,@ (a tuft or growth of hairs or bristles on certain plants such as iris or grasses) }
{ [ awn, adj.all:awny,+ ] beard,@ (slender bristlelike appendage found on the bracts of grasses) }

{ aril, plant_part,@ (fleshy and usually brightly colored cover of some seeds that develops from the ovule stalk and partially or entirely envelops the seed) }
{ duct, plant_part,@ vascular_plant,#p (a continuous tube formed by a row of elongated cells lacking intervening end walls) }
{ laticifer, duct,@ (a plant duct containing latex) }
{ [ antheridium, adj.pert:antheridial,+ ] reproductive_structure,@ (the male sex organ of spore-producing plants; produces antherozoids; equivalent to the anther in flowers) }
{ antheridiophore, gametophore,@ (gametophore bearing antheridia as in certain mosses and liverworts) }
{ sporophyll, sporophyl, leaf,@ (leaf in ferns and mosses that bears the sporangia) }
{ sporangium, spore_case, spore_sac, reproductive_structure,@ (organ containing or producing spores) }
{ sporangiophore, stalk,@ (stalk bearing one or more sporangia) }
{ ascus, reproductive_structure,@ ascomycete,#p (saclike structure in which ascospores are formed through sexual reproduction of ascomycetes) }
{ [ ascospore, adj.pert:ascosporic,+ adj.pert:ascosporous,+ ] spore,@ (sexually produced fungal spore formed within an ascus) }
{ [ arthrospore1, adj.pert:arthrosporic,+ ] noun.Tops:cell,@ (one of a string of thick walled vegetative resting cells formed by some algae and fungi) }
{ [ arthrospore2, adj.pert:arthrosporic,+ adj.pert:arthrosporous,+ ] noun.Tops:cell,@ (a body that resembles a spore but is not an endospore; produced by some bacteria) }
{ theca, sac, noun.object:natural_covering,@ (a case or sheath especially a pollen sac or moss capsule) }
{ paraphysis, noun.substance:filament,@ (a sterile simple or branched filament or hair borne among sporangia; may be pointed or clubbed) }
{ eusporangium, sporangium,@ (a sporangium that arises from a group of epidermal cells) }
{ leptosporangium, sporangium,@ (a sporangium formed from a single epidermal cell; characteristic of the Filicales or of almost all modern ferns) }
{ tetrasporangium, sporangium,@ (a sporangium containing four asexual spores) }
{ sporophore, reproductive_structure,@ (a spore-bearing branch or organ: the part of the thallus of a sporophyte that develops spores; in ferns and mosses and liverworts is practically equivalent to the sporophyte) }
{ gametangium, reproductive_structure,@ (cell or organ in which gametes develop) }
{ gametoecium, reproductive_structure,@ (gametangia and surrounding bracts) }
{ gynoecium, gametoecium,@ (a female gametoecium) }
{ androecium, gametoecium,@ (a male gametoecium) }
{ gametophore, reproductive_structure,@ (a modified branch bearing gametangia as in the thalloid liverworts) }
{ sorus1, reproductive_structure,@ (cluster of sporangia usually on underside of a fern frond) }
{ sorus2, reproductive_structure,@ (a spore-producing structure in certain lichens and fungi) }
{ indusium, noun.object:natural_covering,@ sorus1,#p (a membrane enclosing and protecting the developing spores especially that covering the sori of a fern) }
{ veil, velum, plant_part,@ (a membranous covering attached to the immature fruiting body of certain mushrooms) }
{ universal_veil, veil,@ (membrane initially completely investing the young sporophore of various mushrooms that is ruptured by growth; represented in the mature mushroom by a volva around lower part of stem and scales on upper surface of the cap) }
{ partial_veil, veil,@ (membrane of the young sporophore of various mushrooms extending from the margin of the cap to the stem and is ruptured by growth; represented in mature mushroom by an annulus around the stem and sometimes a cortina on the margin of the cap) }
{ annulus, skirt, plant_part,@ partial_veil,#p noun.plant:Fungi,;c ((Fungi) a remnant of the partial veil that in mature mushrooms surrounds the stem like a collar) }
{ antherozoid, spermatozoid, noun.body:gamete,@ (a motile male gamete of a plant such as an alga or fern or gymnosperm) }
{ plant_tissue, plant_part,@ (the tissue of a plant) }
{ [ pulp, verb.contact:pulp1,+ ] flesh, plant_tissue,@ (a soft moist part of a fruit) }
{ [ pith, verb.possession:pith,+ ] plant_tissue,@ (soft spongelike central cylinder of the stems of most flowering plants) }
{ parenchyma2, plant_tissue,@ leaf,#s root,#s pulp,#s pith,#s (the primary tissue of higher plants composed of thin-walled cells that remain capable of cell division even when mature; constitutes the greater part of leaves, roots, the pulp of fruits, and the pith of stems) }
{ chlorenchyma, parenchyma2,@ (parenchyma whose cells contain chloroplasts) }
{ lignum, plant_tissue,@ woody_plant,#s (woody tissue) }
{ vascular_tissue, plant_tissue,@ vascular_plant,#p noun.body:vascular_system,#p (tissue that conducts water and nutrients through the plant body in higher plants) }
{ stele, vascular_tissue,@ axis,#p (the usually cylindrical central vascular portion of the axis of a vascular plant) }
{ [ cambium, adj.pert:cambial,+ ] vascular_tissue,@ (a formative one-cell layer of tissue between xylem and phloem in most vascular plants that is responsible for secondary growth) }
{ sapwood, noun.substance:wood,@ tree,#s (newly formed outer wood lying between the cambium and the heartwood of a tree or woody plant; usually light colored; active in water conduction) }
{ heartwood, duramen, noun.substance:wood,@ tree,#s (the older inactive central wood of a tree or woody plant; usually darker and denser than the surrounding sapwood) }
{ vascular_bundle, vascular_strand, fibrovascular_bundle, vascular_tissue,@ (a unit strand of the vascular system in stems and leaves of higher plants consisting essentially of xylem and phloem) }
{ [ vein, adj.pert:veinal,+ ] nervure1, vascular_bundle,@ (any of the vascular bundles or ribs that form the branching framework of conducting and supporting tissues in a leaf or other plant organ) }
{ midrib, midvein, vein,@ (the vein in the center of a leaf) }
{ vascular_ray, medullary_ray, vascular_tissue,@ (a sheet of vascular tissue separating the vascular bundles) }
{ xylem, vascular_tissue,@ woody_plant,#p (the woody part of plants: the supporting and water-conducting tissue, consisting primarily of tracheids and vessels) }
{ tracheid, vascular_tissue,@ xylem,#p (long tubular cell peculiar to xylem) }
{ phloem, bast1, vascular_tissue,@ noun.cognition:botany,;c ((botany) tissue that conducts synthesized food substances (e.g., from leaves) to parts where needed; consists primarily of sieve tubes) }
{ sieve_tube, vascular_tissue,@ phloem,#p (tube formed by cells joined end-to-end through which nutrients flow in flowering plants and brown algae) }
{ pseudophloem, plant_tissue,@ (false phloem) }
{ bast2, bast_fiber, noun.substance:natural_fiber,@ (strong woody fibers obtained especially from the phloem of from various plants) }
{ gall, plant_tissue,@ (abnormal swelling of plant tissue caused by insects or microorganisms or injury) }
{ oak_apple, gall,@ (oak gall caused by larvae of a cynipid wasp) }
{ evergreen, [ evergreen_plant, deciduous_plant,!] vascular_plant,@ (a plant having foliage that persists and remains green throughout the year) }
{ [ deciduous_plant, evergreen_plant,!] vascular_plant,@ (a plant having foliage that is shed annually at the end of the growing season) }
{ poisonous_plant, noun.Tops:plant,@ (a plant that when touched or ingested in sufficient quantity can be harmful or fatal to an organism) }
{ vine, vascular_plant,@ (a plant with a weak stem that derives support from climbing, twining, or creeping along a surface) }
{ [ climber, verb.motion:climb,+ ] vine,@ (a vine or climbing plant that readily grows up a support or over other plants) }
{ [ creeper, verb.motion:creep6,+ ] vascular_plant,@ (any plant (as ivy or periwinkle) that grows by creeping) }
{ tendril, plant_part,@ (slender stem-like structure by which some twining plants attach themselves to an object for support) }
{ cirrus, cirrhus, tendril,@ (usually coiled) }
{ root_climber, climber,@ (a plant that climbs by its adventitious roots e.g. ivy) }
{ woody_plant, ligneous_plant, vascular_plant,@ (a plant having hard lignified tissues or woody parts especially stems) }
{ lignosae, woody_plant,@ (a category in some early taxonomies) }
{ arborescent_plant, woody_plant,@ (having the shape or characteristics of a tree) }
{ snag, tree,@ (a dead tree that is still standing, usually in an undisturbed forest; "a snag can provide food and a habitat for insects and birds") }
{ [ tree, noun.plant:treelet,+ verb.competition:tree,+ ] woody_plant,@ noun.group:forest,#m (a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms) }
{ timber_tree, tree,@ (any tree that is valued as a source of lumber or timber) }
{ [ treelet, noun.plant:tree,+ ] tree,@ (a small tree) }
{ [ arbor, adj.pert:arborary,+ adj.pert:arborous,+ adj.all:branchy^arboreous,+ adj.all:branchy^arboreal,+ adj.pert:arboreal,+ noun.person:arborist,+ adj.pert:arborical,+ verb.change:arborize,+ verb.change:arborise,+ ] tree,@ (tree (as opposed to shrub)) }
{ bean_tree, tree,@ (any of several trees having seedpods as fruits) }
{ [ pollard, verb.contact:pollard,+ verb.contact:poll,+ ] tree,@ (a tree with limbs cut back to promote a more bushy growth of foliage) }
{ sapling, tree,@ (young tree) }
{ shade_tree, tree,@ (a tree planted or valued chiefly for its shade from sunlight) }
{ gymnospermous_tree, tree,@ division_Gymnospermophyta,#m (any tree of the division Gymnospermophyta) }
{ [ conifer, adj.all:evergreen^coniferous,+ ] coniferous_tree, gymnospermous_tree,@ (any gymnospermous tree or shrub bearing cones) }
{ angiospermous_tree, flowering_tree, tree,@ class_Angiospermae,#m (any tree having seeds and ovules contained in the ovary) }
{ nut_tree, flowering_tree,@ (tree bearing edible nuts) }
{ spice_tree, flowering_tree,@ (tree bearing aromatic bark or berries) }
{ fever_tree1, tree,@ (any of several trees having leaves or bark used to allay fever or thought to indicate regions free of fever) }
{ [ stump, verb.change:stump,+ ] tree_stump, plant_part,@ tree,#p (the base part of a tree that remains standing after the tree has been felled) }
{ [ stool, verb.body:stool1,+ ] stump,@ noun.cognition:forestry,;c ((forestry) the stump of a tree that has been felled or headed for the production of saplings) }
{ bonsai, tree,@ (a dwarfed ornamental tree or shrub grown in a tray or shallow pot) }
{ ming_tree, bonsai,@ (a dwarfed evergreen conifer or shrub shaped to have flat-topped asymmetrical branches and grown in a container) }
{ ming_tree1, bonsai,@ (an artificial plant resembling a bonsai) }

{ groundcover1, ground_cover1, noun.group:underbrush,@ (small plants other than saplings growing on a forest floor) }
{ groundcover2, ground_cover2, noun.group:vegetation,@ (low-growing plants planted in deep shade or on a steep slope where turf is difficult to grow) }
{ [ shrub, adj.pert:shrubby,+ noun.plant:shrublet,+ ] [ bush, adj.all:branchy^bushy,+ ] woody_plant,@ noun.group:shrubbery,#m (a low woody perennial plant usually having several major stems) }
{ undershrub, shrub,@ (a low shrub) }
{ burning_bush, shrub,@ noun.communication:Old_Testament,;c ((Old Testament) the bush that burned without being consumed and from which God spoke to Moses) }
{ [ shrublet, noun.plant:shrub,+ ] shrub,@ (dwarf shrub) }
{ subshrub, suffrutex, shrub,@ (low-growing woody shrub or perennial with woody base) }
{ [ bramble2, adj.all:wooded^brambly,+ ] woody_plant,@ (any of various rough thorny shrubs or vines) }
{ flowering_shrub, shrub,@ class_Angiospermae,#m (shrub noted primarily for its flowers) }
{ liana, vine,@ (a woody climbing usually tropical plant) }
{ parasitic_plant, noun.animal:parasite,@ (plant living on another plant and obtaining organic nutriment from it) }
{ [ hemiparasite, adj.pert:hemiparasitic,+ ] semiparasite, parasitic_plant,@ (a parasitic plant that contains some chlorophyll and therefore is capable of photosynthesis) }
{ [ geophyte, adj.pert:geophytic,+ ] vascular_plant,@ (a perennial plant that propagates by underground bulbs or tubers or corms) }
{ desert_plant, [ xerophyte, adj.all:xeric^xerophytic,+ ] xerophytic_plant, xerophile, xerophilous_plant, vascular_plant,@ (plant adapted for life with a limited supply of water; compare hydrophyte and mesophyte) }
{ [ mesophyte, adj.all:mesic^mesophytic,+ ] mesophytic_plant, vascular_plant,@ (land plant growing in surroundings having an average supply of water; compare xerophyte and hydrophyte) }
{ aquatic_plant, water_plant, [ hydrophyte, adj.all:hydric^hydrophytic,+ ] hydrophytic_plant, vascular_plant,@ (a plant that grows partly or wholly in water whether rooted in the mud, as a lotus, or floating without anchorage, as the water hyacinth) }
{ marsh_plant, bog_plant, swamp_plant, aquatic_plant,@ (a semiaquatic plant that grows in soft wet land; most are monocots: sedge, sphagnum, grasses, cattails, etc; possibly heath) }
{ air_plant, [ epiphyte, adj.pert:epiphytic,+ ] aerophyte, epiphytic_plant, noun.Tops:plant,@ (plant that derives moisture and nutrients from the air and rain; usually grows on another plant but not parasitic on it) }
{ hemiepiphyte, semiepiphyte, epiphytic_plant,@ (a plant that is an epiphyte for part of its life) }
{ [ strangler, verb.contact:strangle,+ ] strangler_tree, epiphytic_plant,@ (an epiphytic vine or tree whose aerial roots extend down the trunk of a supporting tree and coalesce around it eventually strangling the tree) }
{ rock_plant, noun.Tops:plant,@ (plant that grows on or among rocks or is suitable for a rock garden) }
{ [ lithophyte, adj.pert:lithophytic,+ ] lithophytic_plant, rock_plant,@ (plant that grows on rocks or stony soil and derives nourishment from the atmosphere) }
{ rupestral_plant, rupestrine_plant, rupicolous_plant, saxicolous_plant, rock_plant,@ (plants growing among rocks) }
{ [ saprophyte, adj.all:herbivorous^saprophytic,+ adj.pert:saprophytic,+ ] saprophytic_organism, noun.Tops:organism,@ (an organism that feeds on dead organic matter especially a fungus or bacterium) }
{ [ saprobe, adj.pert:saprobic,+ ] noun.Tops:organism,@ (an organism that lives in and derives its nourishment from organic matter in stagnant or foul water) }
{ katharobe, noun.Tops:organism,@ (an organism that lives in an oxygenated medium lacking organic matter) }
{ [ autophyte, adj.pert:autophytic,+ ] autophytic_plant, autotroph, autotrophic_organism, noun.Tops:plant,@ (plant capable of synthesizing its own food from simple organic substances) }
{ butt, noun.relation:part,@ (the part of a plant from which the roots spring or the part of a stalk or trunk nearest the roots) }
{ rootage, root_system, noun.group:system,@ (a developed system of roots) }
{ [ root, noun.plant:rootlet,+ verb.contact:root4,+ verb.change:root,+ ] plant_organ,@ rootage,#p noun.cognition:botany,;c ((botany) the usually underground organ that lacks buds or leaves or nodes; absorbs water and mineral salts; usually it anchors the plant to the ground) }
{ pneumatophore, root,@ (an air-filled root (submerged or exposed) that can function as a respiratory organ of a marsh or swamp plant) }
{ taproot, root,@ noun.cognition:botany,;c ((botany) main root of a plant growing straight downward from the stem) }
{ adventitious_root, root,@ (root growing in an unusual location e.g. from a stem) }
{ root_crop, crop1,@ (crop grown for its enlarged roots: e.g. beets; potatoes; turnips) }
{ root_cap, plant_organ,@ root,#p (thimble-shaped mass of cells covering and protecting the growing tip of a root) }
{ [ rootlet, noun.plant:root,+ ] root,@ (small root or division of a root) }
{ root_hair, plant_organ,@ root,#p (thin hairlike outgrowth of an epidermal cell just behind the tip; absorbs nutrients from the soil) }
{ prop_root, root,@ (a root that grows from and supports the stem above the ground in plants such as mangroves) }
{ prophyll, plant_part,@ (a plant structure resembling a leaf) }
{ [ stock3, verb.body:stock3,+ ] plant_part,@ (a plant or stem onto which a graft is made; especially a plant grown specifically to provide the root part of grafted plants) }
{ rootstock, stock3,@ (root or part of a root used for plant propagation; especially that part of a grafted plant that supplies the roots) }
{ cutting, slip, stem,@ (a part (sometimes a root or leaf or bud) removed from a plant to propagate a new plant through rooting or grafting) }
{ quickset, cutting,@ (cuttings of plants set in the ground to grow as hawthorn for hedges or vines; "a quickset of a vine planted in a vineyard") }
{ stolon, runner, offset, plant_organ,@ (a horizontal branch from the base of plant that produces new plants from buds at its tips) }
{ crown, treetop, noun.location:top1,@ tree,#p (the upper branches and leaves of a tree or other plant) }
{ capitulum3, crown,@ (an arrangement of leafy branches forming the top or head of a tree) }
{ tuberous_plant, vascular_plant,@ (plant growing from a tuber) }
{ [ tuber, adj.pert:tuberous,+ ] stem,@ (a fleshy underground stem or root serving for reproductive and food storage) }
{ [ rhizome, adj.pert:rhizomatous,+ ] rootstock2, rootstalk, stem,@ (a horizontal plant stem with shoots above and roots below serving as a reproductive structure) }
{ axis, stem,@ (the main stem or central part about which plant organs or plant parts such as branches are arranged) }
{ rachis, axis,@ (axis of a compound leaf or compound inflorescence) }
{ caudex1, stem,@ (woody stem of palms and tree ferns) }
{ stalk, stem, plant_organ,@ (a slender or elongated structure that supports a plant or fungus or a plant part or plant organ) }
{ internode, noun.object:segment,@ stalk,#p (a segment of a stem between two nodes) }
{ beanstalk, stalk,@ (stem of a bean plant) }
{ cladode, cladophyll, phylloclad, phylloclade, stem,@ (a flattened stem resembling and functioning as a leaf) }
{ receptacle, plant_part,@ stem,#p (enlarged tip of a stem that bears the floral parts) }
{ stock, caudex2, stem,@ (persistent thickened stem of a herbaceous perennial plant) }
{ [ axil, adj.pert:axillary2,+ ] noun.shape:angle,@ (the upper angle between an axis and an offshoot such as a branch or leafstalk) }
{ stipe, stalk,@ (supporting stalk or stem-like structure especially of a pistil or fern frond or supporting a mushroom cap) }
{ scape, flower_stalk, stalk,@ (erect leafless flower stalk growing directly from the ground as in a tulip) }
{ meristem, plant_tissue,@ (undifferentiated tissue from which new cells are formed, as at the tip of a stem or root) }
{ [ umbel, adj.pert:umbellar,+ ] inflorescence,@ (flat-topped or rounded inflorescence characteristic of the family Umbelliferae in which the individual flower stalks arise from about the same point; youngest flowers are at the center) }
{ corymb, inflorescence,@ (flat-topped or convex inflorescence in which the individual flower stalks grow upward from various points on the main stem to approximately the same height; outer flowers open first) }
{ ray, pedicel,@ (a branch of an umbel or an umbelliform inflorescence) }
{ petiole, leafstalk, stem,@ (the slender stem that supports the blade of a leaf) }
{ [ phyllode, adj.pert:phyllodial,+ ] petiole,@ (an expanded petiole taking on the function of a leaf blade) }
{ blade, leaf_blade, leaf,@ (especially a leaf of grass or the broad portion of a leaf as distinct from the petiole) }
{ peduncle, flower_stalk,@ (stalk bearing an inflorescence or solitary flower) }
{ pedicel, pedicle, peduncle,@ (a small stalk bearing a single flower of an inflorescence; an ultimate division of a common peduncle) }
{ flower_cluster, inflorescence,@ (an inflorescence consisting of a cluster of flowers) }
{ raceme, flower_cluster,@ (usually elongate cluster of flowers along the main stem in which the flowers at the base open first) }
{ panicle, raceme,@ (compound raceme or branched cluster of flowers) }
{ thyrse, thyrsus, flower_cluster,@ (a dense flower cluster (as of the lilac or horse chestnut) in which the main axis is racemose and the branches are cymose) }
{ cyme, inflorescence,@ (more or less flat-topped cluster of flowers in which the central or terminal flower opens first) }
{ cymule, cyme,@ (a small cyme, generally with few flowers) }
{ glomerule, cyme,@ (a compacted or sessile cyme) }
{ scorpioid_cyme, cyme,@ (a cyme with flowers or branches alternating in opposite ranks) }
{ spike, inflorescence,@ noun.cognition:botany,;c ((botany) an indeterminate inflorescence bearing sessile flowers on an unbranched axis) }
{ ear, [ spike2, verb.change:spike1,+ ] capitulum2, fruit,@ corn,#p (fruiting spike of a cereal plant especially corn) }
{ capitulum1, head, plant_organ,@ (a dense cluster of flowers or foliage; "a head of cauliflower"; "a head of lettuce") }
{ spadix, axis,@ spike,#p (the fleshy axis of a spike often surrounded by a spathe) }
{ [ bulb, adj.pert:bulbaceous,+ ] stem,@ (a modified bud consisting of a thickened globular underground stem serving as a reproductive structure) }
{ bulbous_plant, vascular_plant,@ (plant growing from a bulb) }
{ bulbil, bulblet, bulb,@ (small bulb or bulb-shaped growth arising from the leaf axil or in the place of flowers) }
{ [ corm, adj.pert:cormous,+ ] stem,@ (solid swollen underground bulb-shaped stem or stem base and serving as a reproductive structure) }
{ cormous_plant, vascular_plant,@ (plant growing from a corm) }
{ [ fruit, adj.all:tasty^fruity,+ noun.person:fruiterer,+ noun.plant:fruitlet,+ verb.creation:fruit,+ verb.creation:fruit1,+ verb.change:fructify,+ verb.body:fructify,+ ] reproductive_structure,@ (the ripened reproductive body of a seed plant) }
{ [ fruitlet, noun.plant:fruit,+ ] fruit,@ (a diminutive fruit, especially one that is part of a multiple fruit) }
{ [ seed, adj.all:seedy,+ verb.change:seed1,+ verb.contact:seed1,+ verb.creation:seed,+ ] fruit,@ (a small hard fruit) }
{ bean2, seed,@ (any of various seeds or fruits that are beans or resemble beans) }
{ [ nut, adj.all:tasty^nutty,+ verb.contact:nut,+ ] seed,@ (usually large hard-shelled seed) }
{ nutlet, nut,@ (a small nut) }
{ pyrene, nutlet,@ (the small hard nutlet of a drupe or drupelet; the seed and the hard endocarp that surrounds it) }
{ kernel2, meat, plant_part,@ seed,#p (the inner and usually edible part of a seed or grain or nut or fruit stone; "black walnut kernels are difficult to get out of the shell") }
{ syconium, multiple_fruit,@ fig,#p (the fleshy multiple fruit of the fig consisting of an enlarged hollow receptacle containing numerous fruitlets) }
{ [ berry, verb.contact:berry,+ ] fruit,@ (a small fruit having any of various structures, e.g., simple (grape or blueberry) or aggregate (blackberry or raspberry)) }
{ aggregate_fruit, multiple_fruit, [ syncarp, adj.all:syncarpous,+ ] fruit,@ (fruit consisting of many individual small fruits or drupes derived from separate ovaries within a common receptacle: e.g. blackberry; raspberry; pineapple) }
{ simple_fruit, bacca, berry,@ (an indehiscent fruit derived from a single ovary having one or many seeds within a fleshy wall or pericarp: e.g. grape; tomato; cranberry) }
{ [ acinus, adj.pert:acinar,+ ] drupelet,@ (one of the small drupes making up an aggregate or multiple fruit like a blackberry) }
{ [ drupe, adj.pert:drupaceous,+ noun.plant:drupelet,+ ] stone_fruit, fruit,@ (fleshy indehiscent fruit with a single seed: e.g. almond; peach; plum; cherry; elderberry; olive; jujube) }
{ [ drupelet, noun.plant:drupe,+ ] drupe,@ (a small part of an aggregate fruit that resembles a drupe) }
{ pome, false_fruit, fruit,@ (a fleshy fruit (apple or pear or related fruits) having seed chambers and an outer fleshy part) }
{ [ pod, verb.change:pod,+ verb.body:pod,+ ] seedpod, fruit,@ (a several-seeded dehiscent fruit as e.g. of a leguminous plant) }
{ loment, pod,@ (seedpods that are constricted between the seeds and that break apart when mature into single-seeded segments) }
{ pyxidium, pyxis, fruit,@ (fruit of such plants as the plantain; a capsule whose upper part falls off when the seeds are released) }
{ [ husk, verb.change:husk,+ ] noun.body:case,@ (outer membranous covering of some fruits or seeds) }
{ cornhusk, husk,@ (the husk of an ear of corn) }
{ [ hull1, verb.change:hull,+ ] husk,@ (dry outer covering of a fruit or seed or nut) }
{ [ pod1, verb.body:pod,+ verb.change:pod,+ ] cod, seedcase, husk,@ (the vessel that contains the seeds of a plant (not the seeds themselves)) }
{ pea_pod, peasecod, pod1,@ pea2,#p (husk of a pea; edible in some garden peas) }
{ accessory_fruit, pseudocarp, fruit,@ (fruit containing much fleshy tissue besides that of the ripened ovary; as apple or strawberry) }

{ Rhamnales, order_Rhamnales, plant_order,@ class_Dicotyledones,#m (an order of dicotyledonous plants) }
{ Rhamnaceae, family_Rhamnaceae, buckthorn_family, dicot_family,@ order_Rhamnales,#m (trees and shrubs usually thorny bearing drupaceous fruit many having medicinal value) }
{ Rhamnus, genus_Rhamnus, dicot_genus,@ family_Rhamnaceae,#m (type genus of the Rhamnaceae: buckthorns) }
{ buckthorn2, shrub,@ genus_Rhamnus,#m (a shrub or shrubby tree of the genus Rhamnus; fruits are source of yellow dyes or pigments) }
{ buckthorn_berry, yellow_berry, fruit,@ buckthorn2,#p (fruit of various buckthorns yielding dyes or pigments) }
{ cascara_buckthorn, bearberry3, bearwood, chittamwood2, chittimwood2, Rhamnus_purshianus, buckthorn2,@ (shrubby tree of the Pacific coast of the United States; yields cascara sagrada) }
{ cascara, cascara_sagrada, chittam_bark, chittem_bark, bark,@ cascara_buckthorn,#p (dried bark of the cascara buckthorn used as a laxative) }
{ Carolina_buckthorn, indian_cherry, Rhamnus_carolinianus, buckthorn2,@ (deciduous shrub of eastern and central United States having black berrylike fruit; golden-yellow in autumn) }
{ coffeeberry, California_buckthorn, California_coffee, Rhamnus_californicus, buckthorn2,@ (evergreen shrub of western United States bearing small red or black fruits) }
{ alder_buckthorn, alder_dogwood, Rhamnus_frangula, buckthorn2,@ (small tree common in Europe) }
{ redberry, red-berry, Rhamnus_croceus, buckthorn2,@ (small spiny evergreen shrub of western United States and Mexico with minute flowers and bright red berries) }
{ Colubrina, genus_Colubrina, dicot_genus,@ family_Rhamnaceae,#m (mostly tropical American shrubs or small trees with small yellowish flowers and yellow or red fruits) }
{ nakedwood1, tree,@ genus_Colubrina,#m (any of several small to medium-sized trees of Florida and West Indies with thin scaly bark and heavy dark heartwood) }
{ Ziziphus, genus_Ziziphus, dicot_genus,@ family_Rhamnaceae,#m (spiny chiefly tropical American and Asiatic shrubs: jujubes) }
{ jujube, jujube_bush, Christ's-thorn1, Jerusalem_thorn2, Ziziphus_jujuba, shrub,@ genus_Ziziphus,#m (spiny tree having dark red edible fruits) }
{ lotus_tree, Ziziphus_lotus, shrub,@ genus_Ziziphus,#m (shrubby deciduous tree of the Mediterranean region) }
{ Paliurus, genus_Paliurus, dicot_genus,@ family_Rhamnaceae,#m (thorny Eurasian shrubs) }
{ Christ's-thorn2, Jerusalem_thorn3, Paliurus_spina-christi, shrub,@ genus_Paliurus,#m (thorny Eurasian shrub with dry woody winged fruit) }
{ Pomaderris, genus_Pomaderris, dicot_genus,@ family_Rhamnaceae,#m (a genus of Australasian shrubs and trees) }
{ hazel2, hazel_tree, Pomaderris_apetala, tree,@ genus_Pomaderris,#m (Australian tree grown especially for ornament and its fine-grained wood and bearing edible nuts) }

{ Vitaceae, family_Vitaceae, Vitidaceae, grapevine_family, dicot_family,@ order_Rhamnales,#m (a family of vines belonging to order Rhamnales) }
{ Vitis, genus_Vitis, dicot_genus,@ family_Vitaceae,#m (the type genus of the family Vitaceae; woody vines with simple leaves and small flowers; includes a wide variety of grapes) }
{ grape, grapevine, grape_vine, vine,@ genus_Vitis,#m (any of numerous woody vines of genus Vitis bearing clusters of edible berries) }
{ fox_grape, Vitis_labrusca, grape,@ genus_Vitis,#m (native grape of northeastern United States; origin of many cultivated varieties e.g. Concord grapes) }
{ muscadine, Vitis_rotundifolia, grape,@ genus_Vitis,#m (native grape of southeastern United States; origin of many cultivated varieties) }
{ vinifera, vinifera_grape, common_grape_vine, Vitis_vinifera, grape,@ genus_Vitis,#m (common European grape cultivated in many varieties; chief source of Old World wine and table grapes) }
{ Chardonnay, chardonnay_grape, vinifera_grape,@ (white wine grape) }
{ Pinot, Pinot_grape, vinifera_grape,@ (any of several purple or white wine grapes used especially for Burgundies and champagnes) }
{ Pinot_noir, Pinot,@ (red wine grape; grown especially in California for making wines resembling those from Burgundy, France) }
{ Pinot_blanc, Pinot,@ (white wine grape; grown especially in California for making wines resembling those from Chablis, France) }
{ Sauvignon_grape, vinifera_grape,@ (small blue-black grape of Medoc region of France highly prized in winemaking) }
{ Cabernet_Sauvignon_grape, vinifera_grape,@ (superior red wine grapes grown especially in the Bordeaux region of France and northern California) }
{ Sauvignon_blanc, vinifera_grape,@ (white wine grape grown in California) }
{ Merlot, vinifera_grape,@ (black wine grape originally from the region of Bordeaux) }
{ Muscadet, vinifera_grape,@ (white grape grown especially in the valley the Loire in France) }
{ Riesling, vinifera_grape,@ (white grape grown in Europe and California) }
{ Zinfandel, vinifera_grape,@ (small black grape grown chiefly in California; transplanted from Europe) }
{ Chenin_blanc, vinifera_grape,@ (white grape grown especially in California and the lower Loire valley of France) }
{ malvasia, vinifera_grape,@ (grape used to make malmsey wine) }
{ muscat, muskat, vinifera_grape,@ (any of several cultivated grapevines that produce sweet white grapes) }
{ Verdicchio, vinifera_grape,@ (a variety of white wine grape grown in Italy) }
{ Parthenocissus, genus_Parthenocissus, dicot_genus,@ family_Vitaceae,#m (woody vines having disklike tips on the tendrils) }
{ Boston_ivy, Japanese_ivy, Parthenocissus_tricuspidata, vine,@ genus_Parthenocissus,#m (Asiatic vine with three-lobed leaves and purple berries) }
{ Virginia_creeper, American_ivy, woodbine2, Parthenocissus_quinquefolia, vine,@ genus_Parthenocissus,#m (common North American vine with compound leaves and bluish-black berrylike fruit) }

{ Piperales, order_Piperales, plant_order,@ class_Dicotyledones,#m (Piperaceae; Saururaceae; Chloranthaceae) }
{ Piperaceae, family_Piperaceae, pepper_family, dicot_family,@ order_Piperales,#m (tropical woody vines and herbaceous plants having aromatic herbage and minute flowers in spikelets) }
{ Piper, genus_Piper, dicot_genus,@ family_Piperaceae,#m (type genus of the Piperaceae: large genus of chiefly climbing tropical shrubs) }
{ true_pepper, pepper_vine, vine,@ genus_Piper,#m (any of various shrubby vines of the genus Piper) }
{ pepper1, common_pepper, black_pepper, white_pepper, Madagascar_pepper, Piper_nigrum, pepper_vine,@ genus_Piper,#m (climber having dark red berries (peppercorns) when fully ripe; southern India and Sri Lanka; naturalized in northern Burma and Assam) }
{ long_pepper2, Piper_longum, pepper_vine,@ genus_Piper,#m (slender tropical climber of the eastern Himalayas) }
{ betel, betel_pepper, Piper_betel, pepper_vine,@ genus_Piper,#m (Asian pepper plant whose leaves are chewed with betel nut (seed of the betel palm) by southeast Asians) }
{ cubeb, cubeb_vine, Java_pepper, Piper_cubeba, pepper_vine,@ genus_Piper,#m (tropical southeast Asian shrubby vine bearing spicy berrylike fruits) }
{ cubeb2, fruit,@ cubeb_vine,#p noun.artifact:cubeb_cigarette,#s (spicy fruit of the cubeb vine; when dried and crushed is used medicinally or in perfumery and sometimes smoked in cigarettes) }
{ schizocarp, fruit,@ (a dry dehiscent fruit that at maturity splits into two or more parts each with a single seed) }

{ genus_Peperomia, dicot_genus,@ family_Piperaceae,#m (large genus of small tropical usually succulent herbs) }
{ peperomia, herb,@ genus_Peperomia,#m (any of various plants of the genus Peperomia; grown primarily for their often succulent foliage) }
{ watermelon_begonia, Peperomia_argyreia, Peperomia_sandersii, peperomia,@ (grown as a houseplant for its silvery striped fleshy foliage; South America) }

{ Chloranthaceae, family_Chloranthaceae, dicot_family,@ order_Piperales,#m (small family of tropical herbs and shrubs and trees) }
{ Chloranthus, genus_Chloranthus, dicot_genus,@ family_Chloranthaceae,#m (type genus of the Chloranthaceae) }

{ Saururaceae, family_Saururaceae, lizard's-tail_family, dicot_family,@ order_Piperales,#m (family of perennial aromatic herbs: genera Saururus, Anemopsis, Houttuynia) }
{ Saururus, genus_Saururus, dicot_genus,@ family_Saururaceae,#m (type genus of the Saururaceae: lizard's-tails) }
{ lizard's-tail, swamp_lily, water_dragon2, Saururus_cernuus, bog_plant,@ genus_Saururus,#m (North American herbaceous perennial of wet places having slender curled racemes of small white flowers) }
(==)
{ Anemopsis, genus_Anemopsis, dicot_genus,@ family_Saururaceae,#m (one species: yerba mansa) }
{ yerba_mansa, Anemopsis_californica, herbaceous_plant,@ genus_Anemopsis,#m (stoloniferous herb of southwestern United States and Mexico having a pungent rootstock and small spicate flowers with white bracts suggesting an anemone) }
{ Houttuynia, genus_Houttuynia, dicot_genus,@ family_Saururaceae,#m (one species; east Asian low-growing plant of wet places) }

{ [ leaf, adj.all:leafy,+ noun.plant:leaflet,+ verb.body:leaf,+ ] [ leafage, verb.body:leaf,+ ] [ foliage, verb.change:foliate,+ ] plant_organ,@ (the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants) }
{ amplexicaul_leaf, leaf,@ (a leaf with its base clasping the stem) }
{ [ greenery, verb.change:green,+ ] verdure, foliage,@ (green foliage) }
{ hydathode, water_pore, water_stoma, stoma1,@ (a pore that exudes water on the surface or margin of a leaf of higher plants) }
{ lenticel, stoma1,@ (one of many raised pores on the stems of woody plants that allow the interchange of gas between the atmosphere and the interior tissue) }
{ [ leaflet, noun.plant:leaf,+ ] leaf,@ (part of a compound leaf) }
{ node, leaf_node, plant_process,@ stalk,#p noun.cognition:botany,;c ((botany) the small swelling that is the part of a plant stem from which one or more leaves emerge) }
{ pinna, pinnule, leaflet,@ (division of a usually pinnately divided leaf) }
{ frond, leaf,@ (compound leaf of a fern or palm or cycad) }
{ pad, leaf,@ aquatic_plant,#p (the large floating leaf of an aquatic plant (as the water lily)) }
{ lily_pad, pad,@ water_lily,#p (floating leaves of a water lily) }
{ [ bract, adj.pert:bracteal,+ ] husk,@ inflorescence,#p (a modified leaf or leaflike part just below and protecting an inflorescence) }
{ bracteole, bractlet, bract,@ (a small bract) }
{ spathe, bract,@ (a conspicuous bract surrounding or subtending a spadix or other inflorescence) }
{ involucre, bract,@ (a highly conspicuous bract or bract pair or ring of bracts at the base of an inflorescence) }
{ lemma, flowering_glume, glume,@ (the lower and stouter of the two glumes immediately enclosing the floret in most Gramineae) }
{ glume, bract,@ (small dry membranous bract found in inflorescences of Gramineae and Cyperaceae) }
{ scale, scale_leaf, leaf,@ (a specialized leaf or bract that protects a bud or catkin) }
{ squamule, scale,@ noun.Tops:plant,;c noun.plant:fungus,;c (a minute scale) }
{ betel_leaf, betel1, leaf,@ (a leaf of a vine from the betel pepper) }
{ fig_leaf, leaf,@ (a leaf from a fig tree) }
{ simple_leaf, leaf,@ (a leaf that is not divided into parts) }
{ compound_leaf, leaf,@ (a leaf composed of a number of leaflets on a common stalk) }
{ trifoliolate_leaf, compound_leaf,@ (having three leaflets) }
{ quinquefoliate_leaf, compound_leaf,@ (a compound leaf having five leaflets) }
{ palmate_leaf, compound_leaf,@ (a leaf resembling an open hand; having lobes radiating from a common point) }
{ pinnate_leaf, compound_leaf,@ (a leaf resembling a feather; having the leaflets on each side of a common axis) }
{ bijugate_leaf, bijugous_leaf, twice-pinnate, pinnate_leaf,@ (a pinnate leaf having two pairs of leaflets) }
{ decompound_leaf, compound_leaf,@ (a leaf having divisions that are themselves compound) }
{ acerate_leaf, needle, simple_leaf,@ (the leaf of a conifer) }
{ acuminate_leaf, simple_leaf,@ (a leaf narrowing to a slender point) }
{ cordate_leaf, simple_leaf,@ (a heart-shaped leaf) }
{ cuneate_leaf, simple_leaf,@ (a wedge-shaped leaf having the acute angle at the base) }
{ deltoid_leaf, simple_leaf,@ (a simple leaf shaped like a capital delta) }
{ elliptic_leaf, simple_leaf,@ (a simple leaf shaped like an ellipse) }
{ ensiform_leaf, simple_leaf,@ (a sword-shaped leaf; as of iris) }
{ hastate_leaf, simple_leaf,@ (a leaf shaped like a spearhead with flaring pointed lobes at the base) }
{ lanceolate_leaf, simple_leaf,@ (a leaf shaped like a lance head; tapering to a point at each end) }
{ linear_leaf, elongate_leaf, simple_leaf,@ (a long slender leaf) }
{ lyrate_leaf, simple_leaf,@ (a simple leaf having curvature suggestive of a lyre) }
{ obtuse_leaf, simple_leaf,@ (a simple leaf having a rounded or blunt tip) }
{ oblanceolate_leaf, simple_leaf,@ (a leaf having a rounded apex and tapering base) }
{ oblong_leaf, simple_leaf,@ (a simple leaf that is rounded at each end with parallel sides) }
{ obovate_leaf, simple_leaf,@ (an egg-shaped leaf with the narrower end at the base) }
{ ovate_leaf, simple_leaf,@ (an egg-shaped leaf with the broader end at the base) }
{ orbiculate_leaf, simple_leaf,@ (circular or nearly circular leaf) }
{ pandurate_leaf, panduriform_leaf, simple_leaf,@ (a fiddle-shaped leaf) }
{ peltate_leaf, simple_leaf,@ (a shield-shaped leaf; as a nasturtium leaf) }
{ perfoliate_leaf, simple_leaf,@ (a leaf with the base united around--and apparently pierced by--the stem) }
{ reniform_leaf, simple_leaf,@ (a simple kidney-shaped leaf) }
{ sagittate-leaf, sagittiform_leaf, simple_leaf,@ (a leaf shaped like an arrow head) }
{ spatulate_leaf, simple_leaf,@ (spatula-shaped leaf; having a broad rounded apex and narrow base) }
{ bipinnate_leaf, pinnate_leaf,@ (a leaf having pinnate leaflets; as ferns) }
{ even-pinnate_leaf, abruptly-pinnate_leaf, pinnate_leaf,@ (a pinnate leaf with a pair of leaflets at the apex) }
{ odd-pinnate_leaf, pinnate_leaf,@ (a pinnate leaf with a single leaflet at the apex) }
{ pedate_leaf, palmate_leaf,@ (a leaf having the radiating lobes each deeply cleft or divided) }
{ entire_leaf, leaf,@ (a leaf having a smooth margin without notches or indentations) }
{ crenate_leaf, leaf,@ (a leaf having a scalloped margin) }
{ serrate_leaf, leaf,@ (a leaf having a margin notched like a saw with teeth pointing toward the apex) }
{ dentate_leaf, leaf,@ (a leaf having a toothed margin) }
{ denticulate_leaf, dentate_leaf,@ (a leaf having a finely toothed margin; minutely dentate) }
{ emarginate_leaf, leaf,@ (a leaf having a notch at the apex) }
{ erose_leaf, leaf,@ (a leaf having a jagged margin as though gnawed) }
{ runcinate_leaf, leaf,@ (a leaf having incised margins with the lobes or teeth curved toward the base; as a dandelion leaf) }
{ lobed_leaf, leaf,@ (a leaf having deeply indented margins) }
{ lobe, plant_part,@ leaf,#p noun.cognition:botany,;c ((botany) a part into which a leaf is divided) }
{ parallel-veined_leaf, leaf,@ (a leaf whose veins run in parallel from the stem) }
{ parted_leaf, leaf,@ (a leaf having margins incised almost to the base so as to create distinct divisions or lobes) }
{ prickly-edged_leaf, leaf,@ (a leaf having prickly margins) }
{ rosette, leaf,@ (a cluster of leaves growing in crowded circles from a common center or crown (usually at or close to the ground)) }
{ ligule, plant_part,@ noun.cognition:botany,;c ((botany) any appendage to a plant that is shaped like a strap) }
{ [ bark, adj.all:rough^barky,+ verb.contact:bark1,+ verb.contact:bark,+ ] noun.object:natural_covering,@ trunk,#p branch,#p root,#p (tough protective covering of the woody stems and roots of trees and other woody plants) }
{ winter's_bark2, bark,@ winter's_bark_tree,#p (aromatic bark having tonic and stimulant properties) }
{ tapa, tapa_bark, tappa, tappa_bark, bark,@ (the thin fibrous bark of the paper mulberry and Pipturus albidus) }
{ angostura_bark, angostura, bark,@ (the bitter bark of a South American tree; used in medicines and liqueurs and bitters) }
{ [ branch, adj.all:branchy,+ ] stem,@ (a division of a stem, or secondary stem arising from the main stem of a plant) }
{ culm, stem,@ (stem of plants of the Gramineae) }
{ deadwood, branch,@ (a branch or a part of a tree that is dead) }
{ haulm, halm, stem,@ (stems of beans and peas and potatoes and grasses collectively as used for thatching and bedding) }
{ limb, tree_branch, branch,@ tree,#p (any of the main branches arising from the trunk or a bough of a tree) }
{ branchlet, [ twig, adj.all:thin3^twiggy,+ verb.change:twig,+ ] sprig, branch,@ (a small branch or division of a branch (especially a terminal division); usually applied to branches of the current or preceding year) }
{ wand, twig,@ (a thin supple twig or rod; "stems bearing slender wands of flowers") }
{ withe, withy, twig,@ (strong flexible twig) }
{ osier2, withe,@ (flexible twig of a willow tree) }
{ [ sprout, verb.body:sprout1,+ verb.change:sprout,+ ] plant_organ,@ (any new growth of a plant such as a new branch or a bud) }
{ [ shoot, verb.change:shoot,+ ] sprout,@ (a new branch) }
{ sucker, shoot,@ (a shoot arising from a plant's roots) }
{ [ tiller, verb.body:tiller,+ ] shoot,@ (a shoot that sprouts from the base of a grass) }
{ [ bud, verb.change:bud,+ ] sprout,@ (a swelling on a plant stem consisting of overlapping immature leaves or petals) }
{ leaf_bud, bud,@ (a bud from which leaves (but not flowers) develop) }
{ flower_bud, bud,@ (a bud from which only a flower or flowers develop) }
{ mixed_bud, bud,@ (a bud yielding both leaves and flowers) }
{ stick, tree_branch,@ (a small thin branch of a tree) }
{ bough, tree_branch,@ (any of the larger branches of a tree) }
{ trunk, tree_trunk, bole, stem,@ tree,#p (the main stem of a tree; usually covered with bark; the bole is usually the part that is commercially useful for lumber) }
{ burl, plant_process,@ tree,#p (a large rounded outgrowth on the trunk or branch of a tree) }
{ burl2, noun.substance:wood,@ burl,#s (the wood cut from a tree burl or outgrowth; often used decoratively in veneer) }

{ fern_family, noun.group:family3,@ division_Pteridophyta,#m (families of ferns and fern allies) }
{ fern_genus, noun.group:genus,@ division_Pteridophyta,#m (genera of ferns and fern allies) }

{ Filicopsida, class_Filicopsida, Filicinae, class_Filicinae, noun.group:class2,@ division_Pteridophyta,#m (ferns) }
{ Filicales, order_Filicales, Polypodiales, order_Polypodiales, plant_order,@ class_Filicopsida,#m (true (leptosporangiate) ferns) }

{ Gleicheniaceae, family_Gleicheniaceae, fern_family,@ order_Filicales,#m (a family of ferns belonging to order Filicales) }
{ Gleichenia, genus_Gleichenia, fern_genus,@ family_Gleicheniaceae,#m (type genus of Gleicheniaceae: leptosporangiate ferns with sessile sporangia; South Africa to Malaysia and New Zealand) }
{ Dicranopteris, genus_Dicranopteris, fern_genus,@ family_Gleicheniaceae,#m (terrestrial ferns of forest margin or open ground; pantropical) }
{ Diplopterygium, genus_Diplopterygium, fern_genus,@ family_Gleicheniaceae,#m (scandent thicket-forming ferns of Asia to western Pacific) }
{ giant_scrambling_fern, Diplopterygium_longissimum, fern,@ genus_Diplopterygium,#m (large scrambling fern forming large patches to 18 feet high; Pacific region and China) }
{ Sticherus, genus_Sticherus, fern_genus,@ family_Gleicheniaceae,#m (umbrella ferns; warm regions of Australia and New Zealand) }
{ umbrella_fern, fan_fern, Sticherus_flabellatus, Gleichenia_flabellata, fern,@ genus_Sticherus,#m (large Australasian fern with fanlike repeatedly forked fronds; sometimes placed in genus Gleichenia) }

{ Parkeriaceae, family_Parkeriaceae, fern_family,@ order_Filicales,#m (coextensive with the genus Ceratopteris; sometimes included in family Polypodiaceae) }
{ Ceratopteris, genus_Ceratopteris, fern_genus,@ family_Parkeriaceae,#m (water ferns) }
{ floating_fern1, water_sprite, Ceratopteris_pteridioides, aquatic_fern,@ genus_Ceratopteris,#m (aquatic fern of tropical America often used in aquariums) }
{ floating_fern2, Ceratopteris_thalictroides, aquatic_fern,@ genus_Ceratopteris,#m (pantropical aquatic fern) }

{ Polypodiaceae, family_Polypodiaceae, fern_family,@ order_Filicales,#m (ferns: a large family that in some classification systems has been subdivided into several families (including Aspleniaceae and Blechnaceae and Davalliaceae and Dennstaedtiaceae and Dryopteridaceae and Oleandraceae and Pteridaceae)) }

{ Polypodium, genus_Polypodium, fern_genus,@ family_Polypodiaceae,#m (a genus of ferns belonging to the family Polypodiaceae and having rounded naked sori) }
{ polypody, fern,@ genus_Polypodium,#m (any of numerous ferns of the genus Polypodium) }
{ licorice_fern, Polypodium_glycyrrhiza, polypody,@ (fern having rootstock of a sweetish flavor) }
{ grey_polypody, gray_polypody, resurrection_fern, Polypodium_polypodioides, polypody,@ (fern growing on rocks or tree trunks and having fronds greyish and scurfy below; Americas and South Africa) }
{ leatherleaf1, leathery_polypody, coast_polypody, Polypodium_scouleri, polypody,@ (stiff leathery-leaved fern of western North America having ovate fronds parted to the midrib) }
{ rock_polypody, rock_brake1, American_wall_fern, Polypodium_virgianum, polypody,@ (chiefly lithophytic or epiphytic fern of North America and east Asia) }
{ common_polypody, adder's_fern, wall_fern, golden_maidenhair, golden_polypody2, sweet_fern2, Polypodium_vulgare, polypody,@ (mat-forming lithophytic or terrestrial fern with creeping rootstocks and large pinnatifid fronds found throughout North America and Europe and Africa and east Asia) }

{ Aglaomorpha, genus_Aglaomorpha, fern_genus,@ family_Polypodiaceae,#m (epiphytic ferns of tropical Asia) }
{ bear's-paw_fern, Aglaomorpha_meyeniana, fern,@ genus_Aglaomorpha,#m (epiphytic fern with large fronds; Taiwan and Philippines) }
{ Campyloneurum, genus_Campyloneurum, fern_genus,@ family_Polypodiaceae,#m (epiphytic ferns of tropical America) }
{ strap_fern, fern,@ genus_Campyloneurum,#m (fern with long narrow strap-shaped leaves) }
{ Florida_strap_fern, cow-tongue_fern, hart's-tongue_fern3, strap_fern,@ (common epiphytic or sometimes terrestrial fern having pale yellow-green strap-shaped leaves; Florida to West Indies and Mexico and south to Uruguay) }
{ Central_American_strap_fern, narrow-leaved_strap_fern, Campyloneurum_augustifolium, strap_fern,@ (fern with shorter and narrower leaves than Florida strap fern; Florida to West Indies and Mexico and south to Argentina) }
{ Drymoglossum, genus_Drymoglossum, fern_genus,@ family_Polypodiaceae,#m (epiphytic ferns of Madagascar to tropical Asia and New Guinea) }
{ Drynaria, genus_Drynaria, fern_genus,@ family_Polypodiaceae,#m (large robust epiphytic ferns of tropical forest and scrub; Africa and Asia and Australia) }
{ basket_fern2, Drynaria_rigidula, fern,@ genus_Drynaria,#m (giant epiphytic or lithophytic fern; Asia to Polynesia and Australia) }
{ genus_Lecanopteris, fern_genus,@ family_Polypodiaceae,#m (epiphytic ferns of southeastern Asia to New Guinea) }
{ lecanopteris, fern,@ genus_Lecanopteris,#m (any of several bizarre ferns of the genus Lecanopteris having swollen hollow rhizomes that provide homes for symbiotic ants) }
{ Microgramma, genus_Microgramma, fern_genus,@ family_Polypodiaceae,#m (epiphytic ferns of tropical America and Africa) }
{ snake_polypody, Microgramma-piloselloides, fern,@ genus_Microgramma,#m (epiphytic ferns with long rhizomes; tropical America) }
{ Microsorium, genus_Microsorium, fern_genus,@ family_Polypodiaceae,#m (tropical usually epiphytic ferns; Africa to Asia and Polynesia to Australia) }
{ climbing_bird's_nest_fern, Microsorium_punctatum, fern,@ genus_Microsorium,#m (tropical Africa to Australasia and Polynesia) }
{ Phlebodium, genus_Phlebodium, fern_genus,@ family_Polypodiaceae,#m (chiefly epiphytic tropical ferns with free veins bearing sori) }
{ golden_polypody, serpent_fern, rabbit's-foot_fern, Phlebodium_aureum, Polypodium_aureum, fern,@ genus_Phlebodium,#m (tropical American fern with brown scaly rhizomes cultivated for its large deeply lobed deep bluish-green fronds; sometimes placed in genus Polypodium) }
{ Platycerium, genus_Platycerium, fern_genus,@ family_Polypodiaceae,#m (often epiphytic tropical Old World ferns) }
{ staghorn_fern, fern,@ genus_Platycerium,#m (any of various tropical ferns of the genus Platycerium having large flat lobed fronds often resembling the antlers of a stag) }
{ South_American_staghorn, Platycerium_andinum, staghorn_fern,@ (fern of Peru and Bolivia) }
{ common_staghorn_fern, elkhorn_fern, Platycerium_bifurcatum, Platycerium_alcicorne, staghorn_fern,@ genus_Platycerium,#m (commonly cultivated fern of Australia and southeastern Asia and Polynesia) }

{ Pyrrosia, genus_Pyrrosia, fern_genus,@ family_Polypodiaceae,#m (epiphytic or lithophytic or terrestrial ferns of tropical Old World) }
{ felt_fern, tongue_fern, Pyrrosia_lingua, Cyclophorus_lingua, fern,@ genus_Pyrrosia,#m (east Asian fern having fronds shaped like tongues; sometimes placed in genus Cyclophorus) }
{ Solanopteris, genus_Solanopteris, fern_genus,@ family_Polypodiaceae,#m (tropical American epiphytic ferns having rhizomes with tubers and roots as well as scales) }
{ potato_fern1, Solanopteris_bifrons, fern,@ genus_Solanopteris,#m (small epiphytic fern of South America with tuberous swellings along rhizomes) }

{ Cyclophorus, genus_Cyclophorus, fern_genus,@ family_Polypodiaceae,#m (tropical Old World ferns having closely crowded circular sori and no indusia) }


{ [ myrmecophyte, adj.pert:myrmecophytic,+ ] noun.Tops:plant,@ (plant that affords shelter or food to ants that live in symbiotic relations with it) }

{ Adiantaceae, family_Adiantaceae, fern_family,@ class_Filicopsida,#m (used in some classification systems for some genera of the family Polypodiaceae (or Pteridaceae)) }

{ Vittariaceae, family_Vittariaceae, fern_family,@ order_Filicales,#m (one of a number of families into which Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems: genus Vittaria) }
{ Vittaria, genus_Vittaria, fern_genus,@ family_Vittariaceae,#m (tropical epiphytic ferns with straplike fronds) }
{ grass_fern, ribbon_fern2, Vittaria_lineata, fern,@ genus_Vittaria,#m (epiphytic fern found in lowland forests of tropical America) }

{ Aspleniaceae, family_Aspleniaceae, fern_family,@ order_Filicales,#m (one of a number of families into which Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems; includes genera Asplenium, Pleurosorus, Schaffneria) }
{ Asplenium, genus_Asplenium, fern_genus,@ family_Aspleniaceae,#m (in some classification systems placed in family Polypodiaceae) }
{ spleenwort, fern,@ genus_Asplenium,#m (any of various chiefly rock-inhabiting ferns of the genus Asplenium) }
{ black_spleenwort, Asplenium_adiantum-nigrum, spleenwort,@ (spleenwort of Europe and Africa and Asia having pinnate fronds and yielding an astringent) }
{ bird's_nest_fern1, Asplenium_nidus, fern,@ genus_Asplenium,#m (tropical Old World or Australian epiphytic fern frequently forming tufts in tree crotches) }
{ ebony_spleenwort, Scott's_Spleenwort, Asplenium_platyneuron, spleenwort,@ (common North American fern with polished black stripes) }
{ black-stem_spleenwort, black-stemmed_spleenwort, little_ebony_spleenwort, spleenwort,@ (fern of tropical America: from southern United States to West Indies and Mexico to Brazil) }
{ Camptosorus, genus_Camptosorus, fern_genus,@ family_Aspleniaceae,#m (classification used in some especially former systems for plants usually placed in genus Asplenium) }
{ walking_fern, walking_leaf, Asplenium_rhizophyllum, Camptosorus_rhizophyllus, spleenwort,@ (ferns having lanceolate fronds that root at the tip) }
{ maidenhair_spleenwort, Asplenium_trichomanes, spleenwort,@ (small rock-inhabiting fern of northern temperate zone and Hawaii with pinnate fronds) }
{ green_spleenwort, Asplenium_viride, spleenwort,@ (a small fern with slim green fronds; widely distributed in cool parts of northern hemisphere) }
{ mountain_spleenwort, Asplenium_montanum, spleenwort,@ (a spleenwort of eastern North America) }
{ wall_rue, wall_rue_spleenwort, Asplenium_ruta-muraria, spleenwort,@ (small delicate spleenwort found on a steep slope (as a wall or cliff) of Eurasia and North America) }
{ Bradley's_spleenwort, Asplenium_bradleyi, spleenwort,@ (a spleenwort of eastern to southern United States) }
{ lobed_spleenwort, Asplenium_pinnatifidum, spleenwort,@ (a spleenwort of eastern and southern United States) }
{ lanceolate_spleenwort, Asplenium_billotii, spleenwort,@ (a spleenwort of western Europe) }
{ hart's-tongue, hart's-tongue_fern1, Asplenium_scolopendrium, Phyllitis_scolopendrium, fern,@ genus_Asplenium,#m (Eurasian fern with simple lanceolate fronds) }
{ Ceterach, genus_Ceterach, fern_genus,@ family_Polypodiaceae,#m (small genus of Old World ferns; superseded in some classification systems which place plants of this genus in e.g. genera Asplenium and Pleurosorus) }
{ scale_fern, scaly_fern, Asplenium_ceterach, Ceterach_officinarum, fern,@ genus_Asplenium,#m (small European fern with chaffy leathery fronds) }
{ Pleurosorus, genus_Pleurosorus, fern_genus,@ family_Aspleniaceae,#m (small genus comprising terrestrial ferns; found in Chile and Spain and Morocco and Australia and New Zealand) }
{ Schaffneria, genus_Schaffneria, fern_genus,@ family_Aspleniaceae,#m (one species) }
{ Schaffneria_nigripes, Asplenium_nigripes, Scolopendrium_nigripes, fern,@ genus_Schaffneria,#m (a fern of the genus Schaffneria) }
{ Phyllitis, genus_Phyllitis, genus_Scolopendrium, fern_genus,@ family_Polypodiaceae,#m (a genus of ferns belonging to the family Polypodiaceae (in some classification systems included in genus Asplenium)) }
{ scolopendrium, fern,@ (a fern thought to resemble a millipede) }

{ Blechnaceae, family_Blechnaceae, fern_family,@ order_Filicales,#m (one of a number of families into which the family Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems; includes genera Blechnum, Doodia, Sadleria, Stenochlaena, and Woodwardia) }

{ Blechnum, genus_Blechnum, fern_genus,@ family_Blechnaceae,#m (in some classification systems placed in family Polypodiaceae; terrestrial ferns of cosmopolitan distribution mainly in southern hemisphere: hard ferns) }
{ hard_fern, fern,@ genus_Blechnum,#m (any of several ferns of the genus Blechnum) }
{ deer_fern, Blechnum_spicant, hard_fern,@ (fern with erect fronds of Europe and western North America; often cultivated for deer browse) }
{ genus_Doodia, Doodia1, fern_genus,@ family_Blechnaceae,#m (in some classification systems placed in family Polypodiaceae; small terrestrial colony-forming ferns of Australasia) }
{ doodia, rasp_fern, fern,@ genus_Doodia,#m (any fern of the genus Doodia having pinnate fronds with sharply dentate pinnae) }
{ Sadleria, genus_Sadleria, fern_genus,@ family_Blechnaceae,#m (low tree ferns with large fronds; in rain forests and on lava flows of Hawaiian Islands) }
{ Stenochlaena, genus_Stenochlaena, fern_genus,@ family_Blechnaceae,#m (large tropical ferns; some epiphytic climbers and some terrestrial bog ferns; Africa; Asia; Australasia) }
{ Woodwardia, genus_Woodwardia, fern_genus,@ family_Blechnaceae,#m (in some classification systems placed in family Polypodiaceae: chain ferns) }
{ chain_fern, fern,@ genus_Woodwardia,#m (a fern of the genus Woodwardia having the sori in chainlike rows) }
{ Virginia_chain_fern, Woodwardia_virginica, chain_fern,@ (North American fern) }

{ tree_fern, fern,@ (any of numerous usually tropical ferns having a thick woody stem or caudex and a crown of large fronds; found especially in Australia and New Zealand; chiefly of the families Cyatheaceae and Marattiaceae but some from Polypodiaceae) }
{ Cyatheaceae, family_Cyatheaceae, fern_family,@ class_Filicopsida,#m (tropical tree ferns) }
{ Cyathea, genus_Cyathea, fern_genus,@ family_Cyatheaceae,#m (type genus of the Cyatheaceae: tree ferns of the tropical rain forest to temperate woodlands) }
{ silver_tree_fern, sago_fern, black_tree_fern, Cyathea_medullaris, tree_fern,@ genus_Cyathea,#m (a showy tree fern of New Zealand and Australia having a crown of pinnated fronds with whitish undersides) }

{ Davalliaceae, family_Davalliaceae, fern_family,@ class_Filicopsida,#m (one of a number of families into which Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems) }
{ genus_Davallia, fern_genus,@ family_Davalliaceae,#m (Old World tropical fern; in some classification systems placed directly in family Polypodiaceae) }
{ davallia, fern,@ genus_Davallia,#m (any fern of the genus Davallia; having scaly creeping rhizomes) }
{ hare's-foot_fern, davallia,@ genus_Davallia,#m (either of two ferns of the genus Davallia having a soft grey hairy rootstock) }
{ Canary_Island_hare's_foot_fern, Davallia_canariensis, hare's-foot_fern,@ genus_Davallia,#m (fern of the Canary Islands and Madeira) }
{ Australian_hare's_foot, Davallia_pyxidata, hare's-foot_fern,@ genus_Davallia,#m (a hare's-foot fern of the genus Davallia) }
{ squirrel's-foot_fern, ball_fern, Davalia_bullata, Davalia_bullata_mariesii, Davallia_Mariesii, davallia,@ genus_Davallia,#m (feathery fern of tropical Asia and Malaysia) }

{ Dennstaedtiaceae, family_Dennstaedtiaceae, fern_family,@ class_Filicopsida,#m (one of a number of families into which Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems) }
{ Dennstaedtia, genus_Dennstaedtia, fern_genus,@ family_Dennstaedtiaceae,#m (chiefly terrestrial ferns; in some classification systems placed in family Polypodiaceae) }
{ hay-scented, hay-scented_fern, scented_fern1, boulder_fern, Dennstaedtia_punctilobula, fern,@ genus_Dennstaedtia,#m (fern of eastern North America with pale green fronds and an aroma like hay) }
{ Pteridium, genus_Pteridium, fern_genus,@ family_Dennstaedtiaceae,#m (a genus of ferns belonging to the family Dennstaedtiaceae) }
{ bracken1, pasture_brake, [ brake1, adj.all:ferned^braky,+ ] Pteridium_aquilinum, fern,@ genus_Pteridium,#m (large coarse fern often several feet high; essentially weed ferns; cosmopolitan) }
{ bracken2, Pteridium_esculentum, fern,@ genus_Pteridium,#m (fern of southeastern Asia; not hardy in cold temperate regions) }

{ Dicksoniaceae, family_Dicksoniaceae, fern_family,@ order_Filicales,#m (tree ferns: genera Dicksonia, Cibotium, Culcita, and Thyrsopteris elegans) }
{ Dicksonia, genus_Dicksonia, fern_genus,@ family_Dicksoniaceae,#m (tree ferns of temperate Australasia having bipinnatifid or tripinnatifid fronds and usually marginal sori; in some classification systems placed in family Cyatheaceae) }
{ soft_tree_fern, Dicksonia_antarctica, tree_fern,@ genus_Dicksonia,#m (of Australia and Tasmania; often cultivated; hardy in cool climates) }
{ Cibotium, genus_Cibotium, fern_genus,@ family_Dicksoniaceae,#m (in some classification systems placed in family Cyatheaceae: ornamental tree ferns with coarse gracefully drooping fronds) }
{ Scythian_lamb, Cibotium_barometz, tree_fern,@ genus_Cibotium,#m (Asiatic tree fern having dense matted hairs sometimes used as a styptic) }
{ Culcita, genus_Culcita, fern_genus,@ family_Dicksoniaceae,#m (includes some plants usually placed in e.g. genus Dicksonia: terrestrial ferns resembling bracken; tropical America; Malaysia to Australia and Polynesia; southwestern Europe and Atlantic islands) }
{ false_bracken, Culcita_dubia, fern,@ genus_Culcita,#m (resembles Pteridium aquilinum; of Queensland, Australia) }
{ genus_Thyrsopteris, fern_genus,@ family_Dicksoniaceae,#m (one species) }
{ thyrsopteris, Thyrsopteris_elegans, tree_fern,@ genus_Thyrsopteris,#m (a terrestrial tree fern of South America) }

{ Dryopteridaceae, family_Dryopteridaceae, Athyriaceae, family_Athyriaceae, fern_family,@ class_Filicopsida,#m (alternative names for one of a number of families into which the family Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems) }
{ shield_fern, buckler_fern, fern,@ family_Dryopteridaceae,#m (any of various ferns of the genera Dryopteris or Polystichum or Lastreopsis having somewhat shield-shaped coverings on the sori) }

{ Dryopteris, genus_Dryopteris, fern_genus,@ family_Dryopteridaceae,#m (large widespread genus of medium-sized terrestrial ferns; in some classification systems placed in Polypodiaceae) }
{ broad_buckler-fern, Dryopteris_dilatata, shield_fern,@ genus_Dryopteris,#m (European shield fern) }
{ fragrant_cliff_fern, fragrant_shield_fern, fragrant_wood_fern, Dryopteris_fragrans, wood_fern,@ (fern or northern Eurasia and North America having fragrant fronds) }
{ Goldie's_fern, Goldie's_shield_fern, goldie's_wood_fern, Dryopteris_goldiana, shield_fern,@ (North American fern with a blackish lustrous stipe) }
{ wood_fern, wood-fern, woodfern, fern,@ genus_Dryopteris,#m (any of various ferns of the genus Dryopteris) }
{ male_fern, Dryopteris_filix-mas, wood_fern,@ (fern of North America and Europe whose rhizomes and stalks yield an oleoresin used to expel tapeworms) }
{ marginal_wood_fern, evergreen_wood_fern1, leatherleaf_wood_fern, Dryopteris_marginalis, wood_fern,@ (North American fern with evergreen fronds) }
{ mountain_male_fern, Dryopteris_oreades, wood_fern,@ (a fern of the genus Dryopteris) }

{ Athyrium, genus_Athyrium, fern_genus,@ family_Dryopteridaceae,#m (temperate and tropical lady ferns; in some classifications placed in family Polypodiaceae or in the genus Asplenium) }
{ lady_fern, Athyrium_filix-femina, fern,@ genus_Athyrium,#m (most widely grown fern of the genus Athyrium for its delicate foliage) }
{ Alpine_lady_fern, Athyrium_distentifolium, lady_fern,@ (a lady fern with deeply cut leaf segments; found in the Rocky Mountains) }
{ silvery_spleenwort1, glade_fern, narrow-leaved_spleenwort, Athyrium_pycnocarpon, Diplazium_pycnocarpon, fern,@ genus_Athyrium,#m (North American fern with narrow fronds on yellowish leafstalks) }

{ Cyrtomium, genus_Cyrtomium, fern_genus,@ family_Dryopteridaceae,#m (small genus of tropical Asiatic greenhouse ferns; in some classifications placed in Polypodiaceae) }
{ holly_fern2, Cyrtomium_aculeatum, Polystichum_aculeatum, fern,@ (tropical Old World fern having glossy fronds suggestive of holly; sometimes placed in genus Polystichum) }

{ Cystopteris, genus_Cystopteris, fern_genus,@ family_Dryopteridaceae,#m (chiefly small perennial rock ferns: bladder ferns; in some classifications placed in Polypodiaceae) }
{ bladder_fern, fern,@ genus_Cystopteris,#m (any fern of the genus Cystopteris characterized by a hooded indusium or bladderlike membrane covering the sori) }
{ brittle_bladder_fern, brittle_fern, fragile_fern, Cystopteris_fragilis, bladder_fern,@ (delicate fern widely distributed in North America and European having thin pinnatifid fronds with brittle stems) }
{ mountain_bladder_fern, Cystopteris_montana, bladder_fern,@ (fern of rocky mountainous areas of hemisphere) }
{ bulblet_fern, bulblet_bladder_fern, berry_fern, Cystopteris_bulbifera, bladder_fern,@ (North American fern often bearing bulbils on the leaflets) }

{ Deparia, genus_Deparia, fern_genus,@ family_Dryopteridaceae,#m (classification used for 5 species of terrestrial ferns usually placed in other genera) }
{ silvery_spleenwort2, Deparia_acrostichoides, Athyrium_thelypteroides, fern,@ genus_Deparia,#m (fern with elongate silvery outgrowths enclosing the developing spores) }
{ Diacalpa, genus_Diacalpa, fern_genus,@ family_Dryopteridaceae,#m (one species: delicate fern of foothills of Himalayas) }

{ Gymnocarpium, genus_Gymnocarpium, fern_genus,@ family_Dryopteridaceae,#m (oak ferns: in some classification systems included in genus Thelypteris) }
{ oak_fern, Gymnocarpium_dryopteris, Thelypteris_dryopteris, fern,@ genus_Gymnocarpium,#m (bright blue-green fern widely distributed especially in damp acid woodlands of temperate northern hemisphere) }
{ limestone_fern, northern_oak_fern, Gymnocarpium_robertianum, fern,@ (yellow-green fern of rocky areas of northern hemisphere) }
{ Lastreopsis, genus_Lastreopsis, fern_genus,@ family_Dryopteridaceae,#m (tropical terrestrial shield ferns) }
{ Matteuccia, genus_Matteuccia, Pteretis, genus_Pteretis, fern_genus,@ family_Dryopteridaceae,#m (small genus sometimes included in genus Onoclea; in some classifications both genera are placed in Polypodiaceae) }
{ ostrich_fern, shuttlecock_fern, fiddlehead2, Matteuccia_struthiopteris, Pteretis_struthiopteris, Onoclea_struthiopteris, fern,@ genus_Matteuccia,#m (tall fern of northern temperate regions having graceful arched fronds and sporophylls resembling ostrich plumes) }

{ Olfersia, genus_Olfersia, fern_genus,@ family_Dryopteridaceae,#m (genus of fern having only one species) }
{ hart's-tongue2, hart's-tongue_fern2, Olfersia_cervina, Polybotrya_cervina, Polybotria_cervina, fern,@ (tropical American terrestrial fern with leathery lanceolate fronds; sometimes placed in genus Polybotrya) }
{ Onoclea, genus_Onoclea, fern_genus,@ family_Dryopteridaceae,#m (one species: sensitive fern; in some classifications included in Polypodiaceae) }
{ sensitive_fern, bead_fern, Onoclea_sensibilis, fern,@ genus_Onoclea,#m (beautiful spreading fern of eastern North America and eastern Asia naturalized in western Europe; pinnately divided fronds show a slight tendency to fold when touched; pinnules enclose groups of sori in beadlike lobes) }
{ Polybotrya, genus_Polybotrya, Polybotria, genus_Polybotria, fern_genus,@ family_Dryopteridaceae,#m (tropical American ferns; usually terrestrial when young but scandent later) }

{ Polystichum, genus_Polystichum, fern_genus,@ family_Dryopteridaceae,#m (small to medium-sized terrestrial ferns especially holly ferns; in some classification systems placed in Polypodiaceae) }
{ Christmas_fern, canker_brake, dagger_fern, evergreen_wood_fern2, Polystichum_acrostichoides, fern,@ genus_Polystichum,#m (North American evergreen fern having pinnate leaves and dense clusters of lance-shaped fronds) }
{ holly_fern, fern,@ genus_Polystichum,#m (any of various ferns of the genus Polystichum having fronds with texture and gloss like holly) }
{ Braun's_holly_fern, prickly_shield_fern, Polystichum_braunii, holly_fern,@ (North American fern whose more or less evergreen leathery fronds are covered with pale brown chafflike scales) }
{ northern_holly_fern, Polystichum_lonchitis, holly_fern,@ (evergreen European fern widely cultivated) }
{ western_holly_fern, Polystichum_scopulinum, holly_fern,@ (North American fern) }
{ soft_shield_fern, Polystichum_setiferum, shield_fern,@ genus_Polystichum,#m (European shield fern cultivated in many varieties) }

{ Rumohra, genus_Rumohra, fern_genus,@ family_Dryopteridaceae,#m (leatherleaf ferns: in some classifications included in genus Polystichum) }
{ leather_fern1, leatherleaf_fern, ten-day_fern, Rumohra_adiantiformis, Polystichum_adiantiformis, fern,@ genus_Rumohra,#m (widely distributed fern of tropical southern hemisphere having leathery pinnatifid fronds) }
{ Tectaria, genus_Tectaria, fern_genus,@ family_Dryopteridaceae,#m (terrestrial or epilithic ferns of tropical rain forests) }
{ button_fern1, Tectaria_cicutaria, fern,@ genus_Tectaria,#m (Jamaican fern having round buttonlike bulbils) }
{ Indian_button_fern, Tectaria_macrodonta, fern,@ genus_Tectaria,#m (fern of tropical Asia having round buttonlike bulbils) }

{ genus_Woodsia, fern_genus,@ family_Dryopteridaceae,#m (genus of small to medium-sized usually rock-inhabiting ferns of temperate and cold regions; in some classification systems placed in Polypodiaceae) }
{ woodsia, fern,@ genus_Woodsia,#m (any fern of the genus Woodsia) }
{ rusty_woodsia, fragrant_woodsia, oblong_woodsia, Woodsia_ilvensis, woodsia,@ (a common rock-inhabiting fern of northern temperate regions having rusty-brown stipes and lanceolate pinnate fronds) }
{ Alpine_woodsia, northern_woodsia, flower-cup_fern, Woodsia_alpina, woodsia,@ (slender fern of northern North America with shining chestnut-colored stipes and bipinnate fronds with usually distinct marginal sori) }
{ smooth_woodsia, Woodsia_glabella, woodsia,@ (rock-inhabiting fern of Arctic and subarctic Europe to eastern Asia) }

{ Lomariopsidaceae, family_Lomariopsidaceae, fern_family,@ class_Filicopsida,#m (small family of usually scandent ferns) }
{ Bolbitis, genus_Bolbitis, fern_genus,@ family_Lomariopsidaceae,#m (terrestrial or less than normally scandent ferns of tropical regions of northern hemisphere) }
{ Lomogramma, genus_Lomogramma, fern_genus,@ family_Lomariopsidaceae,#m (large scandent ferns of southeastern Asia) }

{ Lophosoriaceae, family_Lophosoriaceae, fern_family,@ class_Filicopsida,#m (very small family of tree ferns) }
{ Lophosoria, genus_Lophosoria, fern_genus,@ family_Lophosoriaceae,#m (one species: tree fern of Central and South America) }

{ Loxomataceae, family_Loxomataceae, fern_family,@ class_Filicopsida,#m (very small family of New Zealand ferns) }
{ Loxoma, genus_Loxoma, fern_genus,@ family_Loxomataceae,#m (one species of terrestrial ferns of New Zealand) }

{ Oleandraceae, family_Oleandraceae, fern_family,@ order_Filicales,#m (one of a number of families into which Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems) }
{ Oleandra, genus_Oleandra, fern_genus,@ family_Oleandraceae,#m (or family Polypodiaceae: tropical epiphytic or terrestrial ferns) }
{ oleander_fern, Oleandra_neriiformis, Oleandra_mollis, fern,@ genus_Oleandra,#m (tropical fern having leathery fronds resembling oleander; found from Asia to Polynesia) }
{ Arthropteris, genus_Arthropteris, fern_genus,@ family_Oleandraceae,#m (tropical and subtropical Old World epiphytic or lithophytic ferns) }
{ Nephrolepis, genus_Nephrolepis, fern_genus,@ family_Oleandraceae,#m (small genus of tropical ferns; sometimes placed in Polypodiaceae) }
{ sword_fern, fern,@ genus_Nephrolepis,#m (any of several tropical ferns having more or less sword-shaped fronds including one from which the Boston fern developed) }
{ Boston_fern, Nephrolepis_exaltata, Nephrolepis_exaltata_bostoniensis, sword_fern,@ (a sword fern with arching or drooping pinnate fronds; a popular houseplant) }
{ basket_fern1, toothed_sword_fern, Nephrolepis_pectinata, sword_fern,@ (tropical American fern cultivated for its finely divided greyish-green foliage; West Indies and southern Mexico to Peru and Brazil) }

{ Pteridaceae, family_Pteridaceae, fern_family,@ order_Filicales,#m (one of a number of families into which the family Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems; Pteridaceae is itself in turn sometimes further subdivided) }
{ Acrostichum, genus_Acrostichum, fern_genus,@ family_Pteridaceae,#m (in some classification systems placed in family Polypodiaceae) }
{ golden_fern1, leather_fern2, Acrostichum_aureum, fern,@ genus_Acrostichum,#m noun.location:US,;r (stout tropical swamp fern (especially tropical America) having large fronds with golden yellow sporangia covering the undersides) }
{ Actiniopteris, genus_Actiniopteris, fern_genus,@ family_Pteridaceae,#m (terrestrial ferns of tropical Asia and Africa) }
{ Adiantum, genus_Adiantum, fern_genus,@ family_Pteridaceae,#m (cosmopolitan genus of ferns: maidenhair ferns; in some classification systems placed in family Polypodiaceae or Adiantaceae) }
{ maidenhair, maidenhair_fern, fern,@ genus_Adiantum,#m (any of various small to large terrestrial ferns of the genus Adiantum having delicate palmately branched fronds) }
{ common_maidenhair, Venushair, Venus'-hair_fern, southern_maidenhair, Venus_maidenhair, Adiantum_capillus-veneris, maidenhair_fern,@ (delicate maidenhair fern with slender shining black leaf stalks; cosmopolitan) }
{ American_maidenhair_fern, five-fingered_maidenhair_fern, Adiantum_pedatum, maidenhair_fern,@ (hardy palmately branched North American fern with divergent recurved branches borne on lustrous dark reddish stipes) }
{ Bermuda_maidenhair, Bermuda_maidenhair_fern, Adiantum_bellum, maidenhair_fern,@ (delicate endemic Bermudian fern with creeping rootstock) }
{ brittle_maidenhair, brittle_maidenhair_fern, Adiantum_tenerum, maidenhair_fern,@ (tropical American fern with broad pinnae; widely cultivated) }
{ Farley_maidenhair, Farley_maidenhair_fern, Barbados_maidenhair, glory_fern, Adiantum_tenerum_farleyense, brittle_maidenhair,@ (named for a country house in Barbados where it was discovered) }
{ Anogramma, genus_Anogramma, fern_genus,@ family_Pteridaceae,#m (a genus of ferns belonging to the family Pteridaceae) }
{ annual_fern, Jersey_fern, Anogramma_leptophylla, fern,@ genus_Anogramma,#m (small short-lived fern of Central and South America) }

{ Cheilanthes, genus_Cheilanthes, fern_genus,@ family_Pteridaceae,#m (small evergreen ferns: lipferns; in some classifications placed in family Polypodiaceae or Adiantaceae) }
{ lip_fern, lipfern, fern,@ genus_Cheilanthes,#m (any of various terrestrial ferns of the genus Cheilanthes; cosmopolitan in arid and semiarid temperate or tropical regions) }
{ smooth_lip_fern, Alabama_lip_fern, Cheilanthes_alabamensis, lip_fern,@ (southeastern United States to northern Mexico and Jamaica) }
{ lace_fern, Cheilanthes_gracillima, fern,@ genus_Cheilanthes,#m (small tufted fern of northwestern America) }
{ wooly_lip_fern, hairy_lip_fern, Cheilanthes_lanosa, lip_fern,@ (small North American evergreen fern whose stipes and lower frond surfaces are densely wooly) }
{ southwestern_lip_fern, Cheilanthes_eatonii, lip_fern,@ (lip fern of Texas to Oklahoma and Colorado and Arizona and Mexico having tall erect tufted fronds) }
{ Coniogramme, genus_Coniogramme, fern_genus,@ family_Pteridaceae,#m (terrestrial ferns of Pacific islands and Asia) }
{ bamboo_fern, Coniogramme_japonica, fern,@ genus_Coniogramme,#m (fast-growing sturdy Japanese fern; cultivated for their attractive broad dark-green pinnate fronds) }

{ Cryptogramma, genus_Cryptogramma, fern_genus,@ family_Pteridaceae,#m (sometimes placed in family Polypodiaceae or Cryptogrammataceae) }
{ rock_brake2, fern,@ genus_Cryptogramma,#m (dwarf deciduous lithophytic ferns) }
{ American_rock_brake, American_parsley_fern, Cryptogramma_acrostichoides, rock_brake2,@ genus_Cryptogramma,#m (rock-inhabiting fern of northern North America growing in massive tufts and having fronds resembling parsley) }
{ European_parsley_fern, mountain_parsley_fern, Cryptogramma_crispa, rock_brake2,@ (fern of Europe and Asia Minor having short slender rhizome and densely tufted bright green fronds resembling parsley) }

{ Doryopteris, genus_Doryopteris, fern_genus,@ family_Pteridaceae,#m (small to medium tropical tufted ferns; sometimes placed in family Adiantaceae) }
{ hand_fern, Doryopteris_pedata, fern,@ genus_Doryopteris,#m (tropical American fern with coarsely lobed to palmatifid fronds) }
{ Jamesonia, genus_Jamesonia, fern_genus,@ family_Pteridaceae,#m (xerophytic ferns of South America) }
{ Onychium, genus_Onychium, fern_genus,@ family_Pteridaceae,#m (small terrestrial ferns of Old World tropics and subtropics: clawed ferns; sometimes placed in family Cryptogrammataceae) }

{ Pellaea, genus_Pellaea, fern_genus,@ family_Pteridaceae,#m (genus of chiefly small rock-loving ferns; in some classification systems it is placed in the family Polypodiaceae or Adiantaceae) }
{ cliff_brake, cliff-brake, rock_brake3, fern,@ genus_Pellaea,#m (any of several small lithophytic ferns of tropical and warm temperate regions) }
{ coffee_fern, Pellaea_andromedifolia, cliff_brake,@ genus_Pellaea,#m (evergreen fern of California and Baja California) }
{ purple_rock_brake, Pellaea_atropurpurea, cliff_brake,@ (very short shallowly creeping North American fern usually growing on cliffs or walls and having dark glossy leaf axes) }
{ bird's-foot_fern, Pellaea_mucronata, Pellaea_ornithopus, cliff_brake,@ (cliff brake of California and Baja California having purple-brown leafstalks) }
{ button_fern2, Pellaea_rotundifolia, fern,@ genus_Pellaea,#m (fern of New Zealand and Australia having trailing fronds with dark green buttonlike leaflets) }

{ Pityrogramma, genus_Pityrogramma, fern_genus,@ family_Pteridaceae,#m (terrestrial tropical ferns having fronds with powdery yellowish or white undersides; sometimes placed in family Polypodiaceae or Adiantaceae) }
{ silver_fern1, Pityrogramma_argentea, fern,@ genus_Pityrogramma,#m (fern of southern tropical Africa having fronds with white undersides) }
{ silver_fern2, Pityrogramma_calomelanos, fern,@ genus_Pityrogramma,#m (tropical American fern having fronds with white undersides) }
{ golden_fern2, Pityrogramma_calomelanos_aureoflava, fern,@ genus_Pityrogramma,#m (tropical American fern having fronds with light golden undersides) }
{ gold_fern, Pityrogramma_chrysophylla, fern,@ genus_Pityrogramma,#m (fern of West Indies and South America having fronds with bright golden-yellow undersides) }

{ Pteris, genus_Pteris, fern_genus,@ family_Pteridaceae,#m (large genus of terrestrial ferns of tropics and subtropics; sometimes placed in family Polypodiaceae) }
{ brake2, fern,@ genus_Pteris,#m (any of various ferns of the genus Pteris having pinnately compound leaves and including several popular houseplants) }
{ Pteris_cretica, fern,@ genus_Pteris,#m (cultivated in many varieties as houseplants) }
{ spider_brake, spider_fern1, Pteris_multifida, fern,@ genus_Pteris,#m (Asiatic fern introduced in America) }
{ ribbon_fern, spider_fern2, Pteris_serrulata, fern,@ genus_Pteris,#m (fern of North Africa and Azores and Canary Islands) }

{ Marattiales, order_Marattiales, plant_order,@ class_Filicopsida,#m (lower ferns coextensive with the family Marattiaceae) }
{ Marattiaceae, family_Marattiaceae, fern_family,@ order_Marattiales,#m (constituting the order Marattiales: chiefly tropical eusporangiate ferns with gigantic fronds) }
{ Marattia, genus_Marattia, fern_genus,@ family_Marattiaceae,#m (type genus of the Marattiaceae: ferns having the sporangia fused together in two rows) }
{ potato_fern2, Marattia_salicina, fern,@ genus_Marattia,#m (large Australasian evergreen fern with an edible rhizome sometimes used as a vegetable by indigenous people) }
{ genus_Angiopteris, fern_genus,@ family_Marattiaceae,#m (one species: tree fern) }
{ angiopteris, giant_fern, Angiopteris_evecta, tree_fern,@ genus_Angiopteris,#m (highly variable species of very large primitive ferns of the Pacific tropical areas with high rainfall) }
{ Danaea, genus_Danaea, fern_genus,@ family_Marattiaceae,#m (fairly small terrestrial ferns of tropical America) }

{ Psilopsida, class_Psilopsida, Psilotatae, class_Psilotatae, noun.group:class2,@ division_Pteridophyta,#m (whisk ferns; comprising the family Psilotaceae or Psilotatae: vascular plants with no roots, partial if any leaf differentiation, and rudimentary spore sacs) }

{ Psilotales, order_Psilotales, plant_order,@ class_Psilopsida,#m (lower vascular plants having dichotomously branched sporophyte divided into aerial shoot and rhizome and lacking true roots) }
{ Psilotaceae, family_Psilotaceae, fern_family,@ order_Psilotales,#m (small family of lower ferns having nearly naked stems and minute scalelike leaves) }
{ Psilotum, genus_Psilotum, fern_genus,@ family_Psilotaceae,#m (type genus of the Psilotaceae) }
{ whisk_fern, fern_ally,@ genus_Psilotum,#m (chiefly tropical clump-forming plants of skeletal appearance resembling whisk brooms; lacking roots) }
{ skeleton_fork_fern, Psilotum_nudum, whisk_fern,@ (pantropical epiphytic or terrestrial whisk fern with usually dull yellow branches and minute leaves; America; Japan; Australia) }

{ Psilophytales, order_Psilophytales, plant_order,@ division_Pteridophyta,#m (Paleozoic simple dichotomously branched plants of Europe and eastern Canada including the oldest known vascular land plants) }
{ psilophyte, vascular_plant,@ order_Psilophytales,#m (any plant of the order Psilophytales: a savannah plant) }
{ Psilophytaceae, family_Psilophytaceae, fern_family,@ order_Psilophytales,#m (Paleozoic plants) }
{ genus_Psilophyton, fern_genus,@ family_Psilophytaceae,#m (type genus of the Psilophytaceae: genus of small wiry herbaceous Paleozoic plants with underground rhizomes and apical sporangia) }
{ psilophyton, vascular_plant,@ genus_Psilophyton,#m (any plant or fossil of the genus Psilophyton) }

{ Rhyniaceae, family_Rhyniaceae, fern_family,@ order_Psilophytales,#m (primitive plants of the Paleozoic) }
{ Rhynia, genus_Rhynia, fern_genus,@ family_Rhyniaceae,#m (type genus of the Rhyniaceae; small leafless dichotomously branching fossil plants with terminal sporangia and smooth branching rhizomes) }
{ Horneophyton, genus_Horneophyton, fern_genus,@ family_Rhyniaceae,#m (Devonian fossil plant considered one of the earliest forms of vascular land plants; similar to genus Rhynia but smaller) }

{ Sphenopsida, class_Sphenopsida, Equisetatae, class_Equisetatae, noun.group:class2,@ division_Pteridophyta,#m (horsetails and related forms) }
{ Equisetales, order_Equisetales, plant_order,@ class_Sphenopsida,#m (lower tracheophytes in existence since the Devonian) }
{ Equisetaceae, family_Equisetaceae, horsetail_family, fern_family,@ order_Equisetales,#m (sole surviving family of the Equisetales: fern allies) }
{ Equisetum, genus_Equisetum, fern_genus,@ family_Equisetaceae,#m (horsetails; coextensive with the family Equisetaceae) }
{ horsetail, fern_ally,@ genus_Equisetum,#m (perennial rushlike flowerless herbs with jointed hollow stems and narrow toothlike leaves that spread by creeping rhizomes; tend to become weedy; common in northern hemisphere; some in Africa and South America) }
{ common_horsetail, field_horsetail, Equisetum_arvense, horsetail,@ (of Eurasia and Greenland and North America) }
{ swamp_horsetail, water_horsetail, Equisetum_fluviatile, horsetail,@ (Eurasia; northern North America to Virginia) }
{ scouring_rush, rough_horsetail, Equisetum_hyemale, Equisetum_hyemale_robustum, Equisetum_robustum, horsetail,@ (evergreen erect horsetail with rough-edged stems; formerly used for scouring utensils) }
{ marsh_horsetail, Equisetum_palustre, horsetail,@ (scouring-rush horsetail widely distributed in wet or boggy areas of northern hemisphere) }
{ wood_horsetail, Equisetum_Sylvaticum, horsetail,@ (Eurasia except southern Russia; northern North America) }
{ variegated_horsetail, variegated_scouring_rush, Equisetum_variegatum, horsetail,@ (northern North America; Greenland; northern and central Europe) }

{ Lycopsida, class_Lycopsida, Lycopodiate, class_Lycopodiate, noun.group:class2,@ division_Pteridophyta,#m (club mosses and related forms: includes Lycopodiales; Isoetales; Selaginellales; and extinct Lepidodendrales; sometimes considered a subdivision of Tracheophyta) }
{ Lycophyta, noun.group:division4,@ kingdom_Plantae,#m (used in some classifications for the class Lycopsida: club mosses) }
{ Lycopodineae, class_Lycopodineae, noun.group:class2,@ class_Lycopsida,#m (alternative designation for the class Lycopsida) }
{ club_moss, club-moss, lycopod, fern_ally,@ class_Lycopsida,#m (primitive evergreen moss-like plant with spores in club-shaped strobiles) }

{ Lepidodendrales, order_Lepidodendrales, plant_order,@ class_Lycopsida,#m (fossil arborescent plants arising during the early Devonian and conspicuous throughout the Carboniferous) }
{ Lepidodendraceae, family_Lepidodendraceae, fern_family,@ order_Lepidodendrales,#m (fossil plants characterized by conspicuous spirally arranged leaf scars on the trunk) }

{ Lycopodiales, order_Lycopodiales, plant_order,@ class_Lycopsida,#m (lower vascular plants coextensive with the family Lycopodiaceae; in some classifications includes the Selaginellaceae and Isoetaceae) }
{ Lycopodiaceae, family_Lycopodiaceae, clubmoss_family, fern_family,@ order_Lycopodiales,#m (a family of ferns belonging to the order Lycopodiales) }
{ Lycopodium, genus_Lycopodium, fern_genus,@ family_Lycopodiaceae,#m (type and sole genus of the Lycopodiaceae; erect or creeping evergreen plants often used for Christmas decorations) }
{ shining_clubmoss, Lycopodium_lucidulum, club_moss,@ (a variety of club moss) }
{ alpine_clubmoss, Lycopodium_alpinum, club_moss,@ (a variety of club moss) }
{ fir_clubmoss, mountain_clubmoss, little_clubmoss, Lycopodium_selago, club_moss,@ (of northern Europe and America; resembling a miniature fir) }
{ ground_pine1, Christmas_green, club_moss,@ (any of several club mosses having long creeping stems and erect branches) }
{ running_pine, Lycopodium_clavitum, ground_pine1,@ (a variety of club moss) }
{ ground_cedar2, staghorn_moss, Lycopodium_complanatum, ground_pine1,@ (a variety of club moss) }
{ ground_fir, princess_pine, tree_clubmoss, Lycopodium_obscurum, ground_pine1,@ (a variety of club moss) }
{ foxtail_grass2, Lycopodium_alopecuroides, ground_pine1,@ (ground pine thickly covered with bristly leaves; widely distributed in barren sandy or peaty moist coastal regions of eastern and southeastern United States) }

{ Selaginellales, order_Selaginellales, plant_order,@ class_Lycopsida,#m (in some classifications included in Lycopodiales) }
{ Selaginellaceae, family_Selaginellaceae, fern_family,@ order_Selaginellales,#m (lesser club mosses: terrestrial chiefly tropical plants resembling mosses) }
{ Selaginella, genus_Selaginella, fern_genus,@ family_Selaginellaceae,#m (type and sole genus of the Selaginellaceae; evergreen moss-like plants: spike moss and little club moss) }
{ spikemoss, spike_moss, little_club_moss, club_moss,@ genus_Selaginella,#m (any of numerous fern allies of the genus Selaginella) }
{ meadow_spikemoss, basket_spikemoss, Selaginella_apoda, spikemoss,@ (spikemoss forming dense mats; eastern North America) }
{ rock_spikemoss, dwarf_lycopod, Selaginella_rupestris, spikemoss,@ (tufted spikemoss forming loose spreading mats; eastern North America) }
{ desert_selaginella, Selaginella_eremophila, spikemoss,@ (prostrate spikemoss; California) }
{ resurrection_plant2, rose_of_Jericho2, Selaginella_lepidophylla, spikemoss,@ (densely tufted fern ally of southwestern United States to Peru; curls up in a tight ball when dry and expands and grows under moist conditions) }
{ florida_selaginella, Selaginella_eatonii, spikemoss,@ (occurs widely in Florida) }

{ Isoetales, order_Isoetales, plant_order,@ class_Lycopsida,#m (aquatic or marsh-growing fern allies; known to have existed since the Cenozoic; sometimes included in Lycopodiales) }
{ Isoetaceae, family_Isoetaceae, quillwort_family, fern_family,@ order_Isoetales,#m (quillworts; coextensive with the genus Isoetes) }
{ Isoetes, genus_Isoetes, fern_genus,@ family_Isoetaceae,#m (type and genus of the Isoetaceae and sole extant genus of the order Isoetales) }
{ quillwort, fern_ally,@ genus_Isoetes,#m (any of several spore-bearing aquatic or marsh plants having short rhizomes and leaves resembling quills; worldwide except Polynesia) }

{ Geoglossaceae, family_Geoglossaceae, fungus_family,@ order_Helotiales,#m (a family of fungi belonging to the order Helotiales) }
{ Geoglossum, genus_Geoglossum, fungus_genus,@ family_Geoglossaceae,#m (type genus of the Geoglossaceae comprising the earthtongues) }
{ earthtongue, earth-tongue, fungus,@ genus_Geoglossum,#m (any club-shaped fungus of the genus Geoglossum) }

{ Cryptogrammataceae, family_Cryptogrammataceae, fern_family,@ class_Filicopsida,#m (one of a number of families into which the family Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems) }

{ Thelypteridaceae, family_Thelypteridaceae, fern_family,@ class_Filicopsida,#m (genera Thelypteris, Phegopteris, and others) }
{ Thelypteris, genus_Thelypteris, fern_genus,@ family_Thelypteridaceae,#m (marsh ferns: in some classification systems considered part of genus Dryopteris in family Dryopteridaceae) }
{ marsh_fern, Thelypteris_palustris, Dryopteris_thelypteris, fern,@ genus_Thelypteris,#m (fern having pinnatifid fronds and growing in wet places; cosmopolitan in north temperate regions) }
{ snuffbox_fern, meadow_fern, Thelypteris_palustris_pubescens, Dryopteris_thelypteris_pubescens, marsh_fern,@ (fern of northeastern North America) }

{ Amauropelta, genus_Amauropelta, fern_genus,@ family_Thelypteridaceae,#m (epiphytic or terrestrial ferns of America and Africa and Polynesia) }
{ genus_Christella, fern_genus,@ family_Thelypteridaceae,#m (medium to large terrestrial ferns of tropical forests of Old World to Americas) }
{ christella, fern,@ genus_Christella,#m (any of several tropical ferns of the genus Christella having thin brittle fronds) }
{ Cyclosorus, genus_Cyclosorus, fern_genus,@ family_Thelypteridaceae,#m (small genus of terrestrial ferns of tropical and subtropical southern hemisphere) }
{ Goniopteris, genus_Goniopteris, fern_genus,@ (terrestrial ferns of Florida and West Indies to Central and South America) }
{ Macrothelypteris, genus_Macrothelypteris, fern_genus,@ family_Thelypteridaceae,#m (medium to large terrestrial ferns of tropical Asia to Polynesia and Australia; naturalized in Americas) }
{ Meniscium, genus_Meniscium, fern_genus,@ family_Thelypteridaceae,#m (terrestrial ferns of tropical Americas) }

{ Oreopteris, genus_Oreopteris, fern_genus,@ family_Thelypteridaceae,#m (3 species of ferns formerly included in genus Dryopteris or Thelypteris) }
{ mountain_fern, Oreopteris_limbosperma, Dryopteris_oreopteris, fern,@ genus_Oreopteris,#m (common European mountain fern having fragrant lemon or balsam scented fronds) }

{ Parathelypteris, genus_Parathelypteris, fern_genus,@ family_Thelypteridaceae,#m (terrestrial ferns of warm and tropical Asia and North America) }
{ New_York_fern, Parathelypteris_novae-boracensis, Dryopteris_noveboracensis, fern,@ genus_Parathelypteris,#m (slender shield fern of moist woods of eastern North America; sometimes placed in genus Dryopteris) }
{ Massachusetts_fern, Parathelypteris_simulata, Thelypteris_simulata, fern,@ genus_Parathelypteris,#m (delicate feathery shield fern of the eastern United States; sometimes placed in genus Thelypteris) }
{ Phegopteris, genus_Phegopteris, fern_genus,@ family_Thelypteridaceae,#m (beech ferns: genus is variously classified: considered alternative name for genus Dryopteris or included in genus Thelypteris) }
{ beech_fern, fern,@ genus_Phegopteris,#m (any fern of the genus Phegopteris having deeply cut triangular fronds) }
{ broad_beech_fern, southern_beech_fern, Phegopteris_hexagonoptera, Dryopteris_hexagonoptera, Thelypteris_hexagonoptera, beech_fern,@ (beech fern of North American woodlands having straw-colored stripes) }
{ long_beech_fern, narrow_beech_fern, northern_beech_fern, Phegopteris_connectilis, Dryopteris_phegopteris, Thelypteris_phegopteris, beech_fern,@ (beech fern of North America and Eurasia) }

{ rhizomorph, hypha,@ (a dense mass of hyphae forming a root-like structure characteristic of many fungi) }

{ Armillaria, genus_Armillaria, fungus_genus,@ family_Tricholomataceae,#m (genus of edible mushrooms having white spores an annulus and blue juice; some are edible; some cause root rot) }
{ shoestring_fungus, agaric,@ genus_Armillaria,#m (any of several fungi of the genus Armillaria that form brown stringy rhizomorphs and cause destructive rot of the roots of some trees such as apples or maples) }
{ Armillaria_caligata, booted_armillaria, agaric,@ genus_Armillaria,#m (fungus with a brown cap and white gills and a membranous ring halfway up the stalk) }
{ Armillaria_ponderosa, white_matsutake, agaric,@ (a large white mushroom that develops brown stains as it ages; gills are white; odor is spicy and aromatic; collected commercially for oriental cooking the Pacific Northwest) }
{ Armillaria_zelleri, agaric,@ (a large fungus with viscid cap that dries and turns brown with age; gills are off-white) }
{ Armillariella, genus_Armillariella, fungus_genus,@ family_Tricholomataceae,#m (a honey-colored diminutive form of genus Armillaria; grows in clusters; edible (when cooked) but most attention has been on how to get rid of it) }
{ honey_mushroom, honey_fungus, Armillariella_mellea, agaric,@ genus_Armillariella,#m (a honey-colored edible mushroom commonly associated with the roots of trees in late summer and fall; do not eat raw) }

{ [ Asclepiadaceae, adj.pert:asclepiadaceous,+ ] family_Asclepiadaceae, milkweed_family, dicot_family,@ order_Gentianales,#m (widely distributed family of herbs and shrubs of the order Gentianales; most with milky juice) }
{ asclepiad, herb,@ family_Asclepiadaceae,#m (any plant of the family Asclepiadaceae) }
{ Asclepias, genus_Asclepias, dicot_genus,@ family_Asclepiadaceae,#m (genus of chiefly North American perennial herbs: silkweed; milkweed) }
{ milkweed, silkweed, herb,@ genus_Asclepias,#m (any of numerous plants of the genus Asclepias having milky juice and pods that split open releasing seeds with downy tufts) }
{ white_milkweed, Asclepias_albicans, milkweed,@ (tall herb with leafless white waxy stems and whitish starlike flowers; southwestern United States) }
{ blood_flower, swallowwort2, Asclepias_curassavica, milkweed,@ (tropical herb having orange-red flowers followed by pods suggesting a swallow with outspread wings; a weed throughout the tropics) }
{ poke_milkweed, Asclepias_exaltata, milkweed,@ (milkweed of the eastern United States with leaves resembling those of pokeweed) }
{ swamp_milkweed, Asclepias_incarnata, milkweed,@ (densely branching perennial of the eastern United States with white to crimson or purple flowers) }
{ Mead's_milkweed, Asclepias_meadii, Asclepia_meadii, milkweed,@ (milkweed of central North America; a threatened species) }
{ purple_silkweed, Asclepias_purpurascens, milkweed,@ (perennial of eastern North America having pink-purple flowers) }
{ showy_milkweed, Asclepias_speciosa, milkweed,@ (milkweed of southern North America having large starry purple and pink flowers) }
{ poison_milkweed, horsetail_milkweed, Asclepias_subverticillata, milkweed,@ (milkweed of southwestern United States and Mexico; poisonous to livestock) }
{ butterfly_weed, orange_milkweed, chigger_flower, chiggerflower, pleurisy_root, tuber_root, Indian_paintbrush2, Asclepias_tuberosa, milkweed,@ (erect perennial of eastern and southern United States having showy orange flowers) }
{ whorled_milkweed, Asclepias_verticillata, milkweed,@ (milkweed of the eastern United States with narrow leaves in whorls and greenish-white flowers) }

{ Araujia, genus_Araujia, dicot_genus,@ family_Asclepiadaceae,#m (small genus of South American evergreen vines) }
{ cruel_plant, Araujia_sericofera, vine,@ genus_Araujia,#m (robust twining shrub having racemes of fragrant white or pink flowers with flat spreading terminal petals that trap nocturnal moths and hold them until dawn) }

{ genus_Cynancum, dicot_genus,@ family_Asclepiadaceae,#m (genus of perennial tropical African lianas) }
{ cynancum, liana,@ genus_Cynancum,#m (any of various mostly giant tropical lianas of Africa and Madagascar having greenish or purple flowers and long smooth pods; roots formerly used as an emetic) }

{ genus_Hoya, dicot_genus,@ family_Asclepiadaceae,#m (large genus of climbing shrubs of Australia and Asia and Polynesia) }
{ hoya, vine,@ genus_Hoya,#m (any plant of the genus Hoya having fleshy leaves and usually nectariferous flowers) }
{ honey_plant, hoya,@ (a plant that furnishes nectar suitable for making honey) }
{ wax_plant, Hoya_carnosa, hoya,@ (succulent climber of southern Asia with umbels of pink and white star-shaped flowers) }

{ Periploca, genus_Periploca, dicot_genus,@ family_Asclepiadaceae,#m (genus of woody vines of warm regions of the Old World) }
{ silk_vine, Periploca_graeca, vine,@ genus_Periploca,#m (deciduous climber for arches and fences having ill-scented but interesting flowers and poisonous yellow fruits; cultivated for its dark shining foliage; southeastern Europe to Asia Minor) }

{ Sarcostemma, genus_Sarcostemma, dicot_genus,@ family_Asclepiadaceae,#m (succulent subshrubs or vines; tropical and subtropical India and Africa and Malaysia) }
{ soma, haoma, Sarcostemma_acidum, vine,@ genus_Sarcostemma,#m (leafless East Indian vine; its sour milky juice formerly used to make an intoxicating drink) }
{ genus_Stapelia, dicot_genus,@ family_Asclepiadaceae,#m (genus of foul-smelling plants resembling cacti; found from Africa to East India) }
{ stapelia, carrion_flower, starfish_flower, herb,@ genus_Stapelia,#m (any of various plants of the genus Stapelia having succulent leafless toothed stems resembling cacti and large foul-smelling (often star-shaped) flowers) }
{ Stapelias_asterias, starfish_flower,@ genus_Stapelia,#m (stapelia of Cape Province having mostly dark red-brown flowers with flat starlike corollas) }
{ genus_Stephanotis, dicot_genus,@ family_Asclepiadaceae,#m (genus of Old World tropical woody vines) }
{ stephanotis, shrub,@ genus_Stephanotis,#m (any of various evergreen climbing shrubs of the genus Stephanotis having fragrant waxy flowers) }
{ Madagascar_jasmine, waxflower3, Stephanotis_floribunda, stephanotis,@ genus_Stephanotis,#m (twining woody vine of Madagascar having thick dark waxy evergreen leaves and clusters of large fragrant waxy white flowers along the stems; widely cultivated in warm regions) }

{ Vincetoxicum, genus_Vincetoxicum, dicot_genus,@ family_Asclepiadaceae,#m (genus of chiefly tropical American vines having cordate leaves and large purple or greenish cymose flowers; supposedly having powers as an antidote) }
{ negro_vine, Vincetoxicum_hirsutum, Vincetoxicum_negrum, vine,@ genus_Vincetoxicum,#m (twining vine with hairy foliage and dark purplish-brown flowers) }
{ zygospore, spore,@ (a plant spore formed by two similar sexual cells) }

{ old_growth, virgin_forest, noun.group:forest,@ (forest or woodland having a mature or overly mature ecosystem more or less uninfluenced by human activity) }
{ second_growth, noun.group:forest,@ (a second growth of trees covering an area where the original stand was destroyed by fire or cutting) }

{ tree_of_knowledge, tree,@ (the biblical tree in the Garden of Eden whose forbidden fruit was tasted by Adam and Eve) }